Stop Synthetic Filth! wiki - User contributions [en]

User:Juho Kunsola/log/2025

2025-12-19T00:13:01Z

Juho Kunsola: Upgraded to 1.43.6 LTS. Making and verifying backups and taking a snapshot.

[[User:Juho Kunsola/log/2026|Wiki log for 2026]]

'''Figure out'''
*

'''TODO'''
* Harvest [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.12043.pdf '''Protecting President Zelenskyy against deep fakes''' a 2022 preprint at arxiv.org] by Matyáš Boháček of Johannes Kepler Gymnasium and [[w:Hany Farid]] for the essential and interesting previous work in it. I saw enough to know that these guys are liquid gold in the science-hottness meter.
* Renaming and rescoping [[Help against appearance and voice theft]]. Hopefully a brother in Jesus will come over and help me out in the near future with this and various other questions
* [[wikidata:Wikidata:WikiProject Human rights/organization/human rights organizations]] is a great place to spot human rights organizations. The list is updated by a bot from Wikidata.

''' INCOMING '''
* [[commons:Commons:Timed Text]]
* Scrape [[w:Tron:_Legacy#Sound_and_visual_effects]] for more information on Disney's technology
* [[w:Wikipedia:Extended image syntax]]

''' IN PROGRESS '''
* [https://wordpress.org/plugins/wp-wiki-tooltip/ '''WP Wiki Tooltip''' Wordpress plugin by Nico Danneberg] that provides tooltips from wiki into Wordpress was installed. It seems to work fine and it possibility to fetch tooltips from multiple wikis. Need to redo the links the Wordpress https://stop-synthetic-filth.org/wp/ with WP Wiki Tooltip. They need a lot of fixing after the recent changes to article names and new articles.

'''EVALUATING'''
* [[mw:Extension:MediaWikiChat]] could be an useful thing to add to this wiki. Its release status is listed as "stable".

* Considering [[mw:Extension:Cargo]] and [[mw:Extension:Page Forms]] for structured data in-wiki in SSFWIKI. Other alternative would be [[mw:Wikibase]]. Yaron Koren, who wrote Cargo, also wrote the [https://workingwithmediawiki.com/book/ ''''''Working with MediaWiki''''' book at workingwithmediawiki.com]. In the book the relevant parts are found in [https://workingwithmediawiki.com/book/chapter16.html Chapter 16 - ''Cargo and Semantic MediaWiki''] and [https://workingwithmediawiki.com/book/chapter17.html Chapter 17 - ''Page Forms''].

* For Wordpress moving away from Polylang to automatic translation with [https://wordpress.org/plugins/gtranslate/ GTranslate]. Whether GTranslate would play along nicely with WP Wiki Tooltip and RDP Wiki Embed remains to be discovered. Maybe set up a staging Wordpress just to test this out. There is [https://wordpress.org/plugins/google-language-translator/ an another Wordpress translator plugin called 'Google Language Translator'] with very high reviews, but it has been purchased by the company behind Gtranslate, and remains to see if the plan to phase out that.

'''DONE'''
* [https://wordpress.org/plugins/rdp-wiki-embed/ '''RDP Wiki Embed''' Wordpress plugin by Robert D Payne at wordpress.org] allows embedding (with reformatting possible) of [[mw:MediaWiki]] articles into Wordpress. See e.g. https://stop-synthetic-filth.org/wp/2021/12/a-disarming-weapon-against-synthetic-filth-by-facepinpoint-com-existed-from-2017-to-2021/ for how it works.

----

== December ==
=== Thursday 2025-12-18 ===
Upgraded to 1.43.6 LTS. Making and verifying backups and taking a snapshot.

Making and verifying backups and taking a snapshot of the system disk in preparation for upgrade to MediaWiki version 1.43.6 LTS.

== October ==
Upgraded the MediaWiki to 1.43.5, tested a bit, took a snapshot and making backups.=== Thursday 2025-10-30 ===

Making and verifying backups and taking a snapshot in preparation for MediaWiki upgrade to 1.43.5 LTS.

== July ==
=== Wednesday 2025-07-02 ===
Upgraded the MediaWiki to 1.43.3 (LTS). Taking a snapshot and making backups.

Making and verifying backups and taking a snapshot in preparation for MediaWiki upgrade to 1.43.2 (LTS)

== April ==

=== Sunday 2025-04-27 ===
Renewed the domain-name stop-synthetic-filth.org till Monday 2035-01-15.

=== Tuesday 2025-04-15 ===
Subscribed to ChatGPT-plus.

=== Saturday 2025-04-12 ===
Upgraded the MediaWikis to 1.43.1 (LTS) with an upgrade script that ChatGPT helped me to make based on my existing documented workflow, helping me make it a proper script. Made backups and took a snapshot.

=== Friday 2025-04-11 ===
Making and verifying backups in preparation for upgrade to 1.43.1. Going to take a snapshot and upgrade the wikis tomorrow. With some help from ChatGPT I'm tweaking my semi-automated system for doing upgrades the "clean and safe" way by installing into a clean location and copying relevant files over from the older version wiki.

== March ==
=== Monday 2025-03-31 ===
Found an answer to the question "Why [[mw:MediaWiki:Mobile.js]] is no longer displayed to users of the mobile interface?". And the answer is that the MediaWiki developers moved that to [[mw:MediaWiki:Minerva.js]], probably in 1.43.<ref>Answer found in this topic-thread https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Topic:Yb4dz9jg9a4deodo</ref> So fixed the situation and also did some housekeeping on the Minerva.js.

== February ==
=== Sunday 2025-02-23 ===
Took a snapshot of the system disk and installed [[mw:Extension:EmbedVideo (fork)]] to replace the unmaintained original extension. Taking a new snapshot

== January ==
=== Friday 2025-01-24 ===
* Upgraded from legacy LTS 1.39.11 to new LTS 1.43. Made backups and imaged the system disk. Problems encountered:
** [[mw:Extension:OATHAuth]] did not seem to apply its schema changes, or perhaps the schema changes should have been performed in an earlier upgrade. Found workaround of manually running <code>mediawiki/extensions/OATHAuth/sql/mysql/tables-generated.sql </code> in [[mw:Topic:Yakailc03f0u43c0]]
** On [[ssfwiki:Main Page]] the [[mw:Extension:EmbedVideo]] seems abandoned and was not compatible with 1.43. Noticed there is a fork of it that seems actively maintained [[mw:Extension:EmbedVideo (fork)]].
** On [[ciumd:Main Page]] - Consumerium.org development wiki had two stray entries with null values where an article name should have been in its database, but this issue was resolved with knowledgeable and compassionate help from the good people at #mediawiki. Found the rows with <code>'SELECT * FROM pagelinks WHERE pl_title = <nowiki>''</nowiki>;</code>. The error I got from MediaWiki update.php when "Running migrateLinksTable.php on pagelinks..." and doing "Populating the pl_target_id column": <code>"Wikimedia\Assert\ParameterAssertionException from line 72 of [...]/mediawiki/vendor/wikimedia/assert/src/Assert.php: Bad value for parameter $title: should not be empty unless namespace is main"</code>

=== Thursday 2025-01-23 ===
* Upgraded to newest version of legacy LTS: 1.39.11. Made backups of this state and imaged the system disk. No problems encountered.

* Making and verifying backups and taking snapshot in preparation of two-phase upgrade from MediaWiki 1.39.10 via 1.39.11 to the new LTS 1.43

----
[[User:Juho Kunsola/log/2024|Wiki log for 2024]]

Sandbox

2025-12-19T00:10:45Z

Juho Kunsola: ... and with VE

Testing editing after upgrade from [[mw:MediaWiki]] 1.35.8 (the old LTS) to 1.39 (the new LTS) ... and also testing editing with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to [[mw:MediaWiki]] 1.39.3 ... and also with VE

testing editing after upgrades to extensions and skins ... and with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to [[mw:MediaWiki]] 1.39.4 ... and with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to [[mw:MediaWiki]] 1.39.5 ... and with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to MobileFrontend ... and with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to MediaWiki 1.39.6 ... and with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to MediaWiki 1.39.7 ... and with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to MediaWiki 1.39.8 ... and with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to MediaWiki 1.39.10 ... and with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to MediaWiki 1.39.11 ... and with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to MediaWiki 1.43 ... and with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to MediaWiki 1.43.1 ... and with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to MediaWiki 1.43.3 ... and with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to MediaWiki 1.43.6 ... and with VE

== Book of revelation KJV audiobook ==
[[File:KJV Audio Bible - Revelation (Read by Domonique Davis)-qVQEfeQ1Sro.webm|thumb|center|[[w:Book of Revelation]] ([[w:King James Version|w:KJV]]) as audio]]

==== Daniel 7:1-6 ====
===== Daniel 7:1-6 - Three beasts =====
{| border=1
|+ '''Daniel 7:1-6 - Three beasts'''
|-
!GNBUK
!KJV
|-
|{{Daniel/7/1/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/2/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/3/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/4/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/5/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/6/GNBUK}}

|{{Daniel/7/1/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/2/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/3/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/4/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/5/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/6/KJV}}
|-
!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching
|-
|colspan="2"|Partial answer is given to Daniel in 7:17: The beasts are kingdoms that are to come.
|-
!colspan="2"|In local language
|-
!KR92
!KR38
|-

|{{Daniel/7/1/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/2/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/3/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/4/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/5/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/6/KR92}}

|{{Daniel/7/1/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/2/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/3/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/4/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/5/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/6/KR38}}

|-
!Contexting
!Notes about translations
|-
|
|
|-
!Other languages
!Further reading
|-
|
* [https://saintebible.com/daniel/1-1.htm Daniel 1:1 en français] sur [https://saintebible.com/ SainteBible.com]
* [https://saintebible.com/daniel/1-2.htm Daniel 1:2 en français] sur SainteBible.com
* [https://saintebible.com/daniel/1-3.htm Daniel 1:3 en français] sur SainteBible.com
* [https://saintebible.com/daniel/1-4.htm Daniel 1:4 en français] sur SainteBible.com
* [https://saintebible.com/daniel/1-5.htm Daniel 1:5 en français] sur SainteBible.com
* [https://saintebible.com/daniel/1-6.htm Daniel 1:6 en français] sur SainteBible.com
|
|}

==== Daniel 7:7-8 ====
===== Daniel 7:7-8 - The fourth beast =====
[[File:Daniel's vision of the four beasts from the sea and the Ancient of Days - Silos Apocalypse (1109), f.240 - BL Add MS 11695.jpg|thumb|right|640px|Here the artist has depicted the horn situation of the 4th beast as follows: the 3 that fall to make space for the horn with the eyes and mouth like a human have fallen<br/><br/>

Image taken from Silos Apocalypse. Originally published/produced in Spain (Silos), 1109.<br/><br/>
Daniel chapter 7, verses 2-10. Daniel's vision of the four beasts from the sea and the [[w:Ancient of Days|Ancient of Days]]]]

{| border=1
|+ '''Daniel 7:7-8 - The fourth beast '''
|-
!GNBUK
!KJV
|-
|{{Daniel/7/7/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/8/GNBUK}}

|{{Daniel/7/7/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/8/KJV}}

|-
!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching
|-
|colspan="2"|The fourth beast had teeth of metal which is yet another indicator that the beast is man-made, not naturally occurring. The fourth beast has ten horns like the beast in [[#Revelation 13:1]]. The fourth beast grows another horn and three horns fall off to make way for it. The horn has eyes like a human (see [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|Synthetic human-like fakes § digital look-alikes]]) and a mouth that speaks boasting words (see [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital sound-alikes|Synthetic human-like fakes § digital sound-alikes]])
|-
!colspan="2"|In local language
|-
!KR92
!KR38
|-
|{{Daniel/7/7/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/8/KR92}}

|{{Daniel/7/7/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/8/KR38}}
|-
!Contexting
!Notes about translations
|-
|
|
|-
!Other languages
!Further reading
|-
|
|
|}

==== Daniel 7:9-10 ====
===== Daniel 7:9-10 - The Ancient of Days =====
{| border=1
|+ '''Daniel 7:9-10 '''
|-
!GNBUK
!KJV
|-
|{{Daniel/7/9/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/10/GNBUK}}

|{{Daniel/7/9/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/10/KJV}}
|-
!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching

|-
|colspan="2"|The '''[[w:Ancient of Days|Ancient of Days]]''' is a [[w:names of God|name for God]].
|-
!colspan="2"|In local language
|-
!KR92
!KR38
|-
|{{Daniel/7/9/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/10/KR92}}

|{{Daniel/7/9/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/10/KR38}}

|-
!Contexting
!Notes about translations
|-
!Other languages
!Further reading
|-
|
|
|}

Testing if editing works correctly

Testing editing after MediaWiki 1.35.2 -> 1.35.3 upgrade

Testing editing the wiki after [[mw:MediaWiki]] upgrade from 1.35.3 to 1.35.4

Testing editing after enabling and configuring [[mw:VisualEditor]]

Tested VisualEditor and it is working correctly

Testing editing the wiki after [[mw:MediaWiki]] upgrade from 1.35.4 to 1.35.5

Testing [[mw:MediaWiki]] version 1.35.6

Testing [[mw:MediaWiki]] version 1.35.8

Testing [[mw:MediaWiki]] version 1.35.8 with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to MediaWiki version 1.39.1 ... and with VE

Sandbox

2025-12-19T00:10:29Z

Juho Kunsola: Testing editing after upgrade to MediaWiki 1.43.6

Testing editing after upgrade from [[mw:MediaWiki]] 1.35.8 (the old LTS) to 1.39 (the new LTS) ... and also testing editing with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to [[mw:MediaWiki]] 1.39.3 ... and also with VE

testing editing after upgrades to extensions and skins ... and with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to [[mw:MediaWiki]] 1.39.4 ... and with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to [[mw:MediaWiki]] 1.39.5 ... and with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to MobileFrontend ... and with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to MediaWiki 1.39.6 ... and with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to MediaWiki 1.39.7 ... and with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to MediaWiki 1.39.8 ... and with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to MediaWiki 1.39.10 ... and with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to MediaWiki 1.39.11 ... and with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to MediaWiki 1.43 ... and with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to MediaWiki 1.43.1 ... and with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to MediaWiki 1.43.3 ... and with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to MediaWiki 1.43.6

== Book of revelation KJV audiobook ==
[[File:KJV Audio Bible - Revelation (Read by Domonique Davis)-qVQEfeQ1Sro.webm|thumb|center|[[w:Book of Revelation]] ([[w:King James Version|w:KJV]]) as audio]]

==== Daniel 7:1-6 ====
===== Daniel 7:1-6 - Three beasts =====
{| border=1
|+ '''Daniel 7:1-6 - Three beasts'''
|-
!GNBUK
!KJV
|-
|{{Daniel/7/1/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/2/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/3/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/4/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/5/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/6/GNBUK}}

|{{Daniel/7/1/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/2/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/3/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/4/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/5/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/6/KJV}}
|-
!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching
|-
|colspan="2"|Partial answer is given to Daniel in 7:17: The beasts are kingdoms that are to come.
|-
!colspan="2"|In local language
|-
!KR92
!KR38
|-

|{{Daniel/7/1/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/2/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/3/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/4/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/5/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/6/KR92}}

|{{Daniel/7/1/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/2/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/3/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/4/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/5/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/6/KR38}}

|-
!Contexting
!Notes about translations
|-
|
|
|-
!Other languages
!Further reading
|-
|
* [https://saintebible.com/daniel/1-1.htm Daniel 1:1 en français] sur [https://saintebible.com/ SainteBible.com]
* [https://saintebible.com/daniel/1-2.htm Daniel 1:2 en français] sur SainteBible.com
* [https://saintebible.com/daniel/1-3.htm Daniel 1:3 en français] sur SainteBible.com
* [https://saintebible.com/daniel/1-4.htm Daniel 1:4 en français] sur SainteBible.com
* [https://saintebible.com/daniel/1-5.htm Daniel 1:5 en français] sur SainteBible.com
* [https://saintebible.com/daniel/1-6.htm Daniel 1:6 en français] sur SainteBible.com
|
|}

==== Daniel 7:7-8 ====
===== Daniel 7:7-8 - The fourth beast =====
[[File:Daniel's vision of the four beasts from the sea and the Ancient of Days - Silos Apocalypse (1109), f.240 - BL Add MS 11695.jpg|thumb|right|640px|Here the artist has depicted the horn situation of the 4th beast as follows: the 3 that fall to make space for the horn with the eyes and mouth like a human have fallen<br/><br/>

Image taken from Silos Apocalypse. Originally published/produced in Spain (Silos), 1109.<br/><br/>
Daniel chapter 7, verses 2-10. Daniel's vision of the four beasts from the sea and the [[w:Ancient of Days|Ancient of Days]]]]

{| border=1
|+ '''Daniel 7:7-8 - The fourth beast '''
|-
!GNBUK
!KJV
|-
|{{Daniel/7/7/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/8/GNBUK}}

|{{Daniel/7/7/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/8/KJV}}

|-
!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching
|-
|colspan="2"|The fourth beast had teeth of metal which is yet another indicator that the beast is man-made, not naturally occurring. The fourth beast has ten horns like the beast in [[#Revelation 13:1]]. The fourth beast grows another horn and three horns fall off to make way for it. The horn has eyes like a human (see [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|Synthetic human-like fakes § digital look-alikes]]) and a mouth that speaks boasting words (see [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital sound-alikes|Synthetic human-like fakes § digital sound-alikes]])
|-
!colspan="2"|In local language
|-
!KR92
!KR38
|-
|{{Daniel/7/7/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/8/KR92}}

|{{Daniel/7/7/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/8/KR38}}
|-
!Contexting
!Notes about translations
|-
|
|
|-
!Other languages
!Further reading
|-
|
|
|}

==== Daniel 7:9-10 ====
===== Daniel 7:9-10 - The Ancient of Days =====
{| border=1
|+ '''Daniel 7:9-10 '''
|-
!GNBUK
!KJV
|-
|{{Daniel/7/9/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/10/GNBUK}}

|{{Daniel/7/9/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/10/KJV}}
|-
!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching

|-
|colspan="2"|The '''[[w:Ancient of Days|Ancient of Days]]''' is a [[w:names of God|name for God]].
|-
!colspan="2"|In local language
|-
!KR92
!KR38
|-
|{{Daniel/7/9/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/10/KR92}}

|{{Daniel/7/9/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/10/KR38}}

|-
!Contexting
!Notes about translations
|-
!Other languages
!Further reading
|-
|
|
|}

Testing if editing works correctly

Testing editing after MediaWiki 1.35.2 -> 1.35.3 upgrade

Testing editing the wiki after [[mw:MediaWiki]] upgrade from 1.35.3 to 1.35.4

Testing editing after enabling and configuring [[mw:VisualEditor]]

Tested VisualEditor and it is working correctly

Testing editing the wiki after [[mw:MediaWiki]] upgrade from 1.35.4 to 1.35.5

Testing [[mw:MediaWiki]] version 1.35.6

Testing [[mw:MediaWiki]] version 1.35.8

Testing [[mw:MediaWiki]] version 1.35.8 with VE

Testing editing after upgrade to MediaWiki version 1.39.1 ... and with VE

User:Juho Kunsola/log/2025

2025-12-18T20:33:00Z

Juho Kunsola: + Making and verifying backups and taking a snapshot of the system disk in preparation for upgrade to MediaWiki version 1.43.6 LTS

[[User:Juho Kunsola/log/2026|Wiki log for 2026]]

'''Figure out'''
*

'''TODO'''
* Harvest [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.12043.pdf '''Protecting President Zelenskyy against deep fakes''' a 2022 preprint at arxiv.org] by Matyáš Boháček of Johannes Kepler Gymnasium and [[w:Hany Farid]] for the essential and interesting previous work in it. I saw enough to know that these guys are liquid gold in the science-hottness meter.
* Renaming and rescoping [[Help against appearance and voice theft]]. Hopefully a brother in Jesus will come over and help me out in the near future with this and various other questions
* [[wikidata:Wikidata:WikiProject Human rights/organization/human rights organizations]] is a great place to spot human rights organizations. The list is updated by a bot from Wikidata.

''' INCOMING '''
* [[commons:Commons:Timed Text]]
* Scrape [[w:Tron:_Legacy#Sound_and_visual_effects]] for more information on Disney's technology
* [[w:Wikipedia:Extended image syntax]]

''' IN PROGRESS '''
* [https://wordpress.org/plugins/wp-wiki-tooltip/ '''WP Wiki Tooltip''' Wordpress plugin by Nico Danneberg] that provides tooltips from wiki into Wordpress was installed. It seems to work fine and it possibility to fetch tooltips from multiple wikis. Need to redo the links the Wordpress https://stop-synthetic-filth.org/wp/ with WP Wiki Tooltip. They need a lot of fixing after the recent changes to article names and new articles.

'''EVALUATING'''
* [[mw:Extension:MediaWikiChat]] could be an useful thing to add to this wiki. Its release status is listed as "stable".

* Considering [[mw:Extension:Cargo]] and [[mw:Extension:Page Forms]] for structured data in-wiki in SSFWIKI. Other alternative would be [[mw:Wikibase]]. Yaron Koren, who wrote Cargo, also wrote the [https://workingwithmediawiki.com/book/ ''''''Working with MediaWiki''''' book at workingwithmediawiki.com]. In the book the relevant parts are found in [https://workingwithmediawiki.com/book/chapter16.html Chapter 16 - ''Cargo and Semantic MediaWiki''] and [https://workingwithmediawiki.com/book/chapter17.html Chapter 17 - ''Page Forms''].

* For Wordpress moving away from Polylang to automatic translation with [https://wordpress.org/plugins/gtranslate/ GTranslate]. Whether GTranslate would play along nicely with WP Wiki Tooltip and RDP Wiki Embed remains to be discovered. Maybe set up a staging Wordpress just to test this out. There is [https://wordpress.org/plugins/google-language-translator/ an another Wordpress translator plugin called 'Google Language Translator'] with very high reviews, but it has been purchased by the company behind Gtranslate, and remains to see if the plan to phase out that.

'''DONE'''
* [https://wordpress.org/plugins/rdp-wiki-embed/ '''RDP Wiki Embed''' Wordpress plugin by Robert D Payne at wordpress.org] allows embedding (with reformatting possible) of [[mw:MediaWiki]] articles into Wordpress. See e.g. https://stop-synthetic-filth.org/wp/2021/12/a-disarming-weapon-against-synthetic-filth-by-facepinpoint-com-existed-from-2017-to-2021/ for how it works.

----

== December ==
=== Thursday 2025-12-18 ===
Making and verifying backups and taking a snapshot of the system disk in preparation for upgrade to MediaWiki version 1.43.6 LTS.

== October ==
Upgraded the MediaWiki to 1.43.5, tested a bit, took a snapshot and making backups.=== Thursday 2025-10-30 ===

Making and verifying backups and taking a snapshot in preparation for MediaWiki upgrade to 1.43.5 LTS.

== July ==
=== Wednesday 2025-07-02 ===
Upgraded the MediaWiki to 1.43.3 (LTS). Taking a snapshot and making backups.

Making and verifying backups and taking a snapshot in preparation for MediaWiki upgrade to 1.43.2 (LTS)

== April ==

=== Sunday 2025-04-27 ===
Renewed the domain-name stop-synthetic-filth.org till Monday 2035-01-15.

=== Tuesday 2025-04-15 ===
Subscribed to ChatGPT-plus.

=== Saturday 2025-04-12 ===
Upgraded the MediaWikis to 1.43.1 (LTS) with an upgrade script that ChatGPT helped me to make based on my existing documented workflow, helping me make it a proper script. Made backups and took a snapshot.

=== Friday 2025-04-11 ===
Making and verifying backups in preparation for upgrade to 1.43.1. Going to take a snapshot and upgrade the wikis tomorrow. With some help from ChatGPT I'm tweaking my semi-automated system for doing upgrades the "clean and safe" way by installing into a clean location and copying relevant files over from the older version wiki.

== March ==
=== Monday 2025-03-31 ===
Found an answer to the question "Why [[mw:MediaWiki:Mobile.js]] is no longer displayed to users of the mobile interface?". And the answer is that the MediaWiki developers moved that to [[mw:MediaWiki:Minerva.js]], probably in 1.43.<ref>Answer found in this topic-thread https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Topic:Yb4dz9jg9a4deodo</ref> So fixed the situation and also did some housekeeping on the Minerva.js.

== February ==
=== Sunday 2025-02-23 ===
Took a snapshot of the system disk and installed [[mw:Extension:EmbedVideo (fork)]] to replace the unmaintained original extension. Taking a new snapshot

== January ==
=== Friday 2025-01-24 ===
* Upgraded from legacy LTS 1.39.11 to new LTS 1.43. Made backups and imaged the system disk. Problems encountered:
** [[mw:Extension:OATHAuth]] did not seem to apply its schema changes, or perhaps the schema changes should have been performed in an earlier upgrade. Found workaround of manually running <code>mediawiki/extensions/OATHAuth/sql/mysql/tables-generated.sql </code> in [[mw:Topic:Yakailc03f0u43c0]]
** On [[ssfwiki:Main Page]] the [[mw:Extension:EmbedVideo]] seems abandoned and was not compatible with 1.43. Noticed there is a fork of it that seems actively maintained [[mw:Extension:EmbedVideo (fork)]].
** On [[ciumd:Main Page]] - Consumerium.org development wiki had two stray entries with null values where an article name should have been in its database, but this issue was resolved with knowledgeable and compassionate help from the good people at #mediawiki. Found the rows with <code>'SELECT * FROM pagelinks WHERE pl_title = <nowiki>''</nowiki>;</code>. The error I got from MediaWiki update.php when "Running migrateLinksTable.php on pagelinks..." and doing "Populating the pl_target_id column": <code>"Wikimedia\Assert\ParameterAssertionException from line 72 of [...]/mediawiki/vendor/wikimedia/assert/src/Assert.php: Bad value for parameter $title: should not be empty unless namespace is main"</code>

=== Thursday 2025-01-23 ===
* Upgraded to newest version of legacy LTS: 1.39.11. Made backups of this state and imaged the system disk. No problems encountered.

* Making and verifying backups and taking snapshot in preparation of two-phase upgrade from MediaWiki 1.39.10 via 1.39.11 to the new LTS 1.43

----
[[User:Juho Kunsola/log/2024|Wiki log for 2024]]

Quotes

2025-12-13T19:33:11Z

Juho Kunsola: language

A collection of quotes about [[synthetic human-like fakes]] and synthetic filth.

<section begin=MatrixNoSpoon />
{{Q|No spoon, huh? We know it is just a trick you do with [[Glossary#No camera|no camera]].|[[User:Juho Kunsola|Juho]]|The Matrix}}
<section end=MatrixNoSpoon />

<section begin=MatrixTrad />
{{Q|Do you think that was [[w:Hugo Weaving]]'s left cheekbone that [[w:Keanu Reeves]] punched in with his right fist?|Trad|The Matrix Revolutions}}
<section end=MatrixTrad />

<section begin=FinalLineOfDefenseForTheTimeBeing />
{{Q|If no-one who wants to hurt you, knows what you look like, how could someone malevolent make a covert digital look-alike of you?|[[User:Juho Kunsola|Juho Kunsola]]|The fine last line of defense with stopping power i.e. Why banning the [[Glossary#Burqa|burka]], [[Glossary#Niqāb|niqāb]] and other forms of full facial veil is not a wise, nor civilized move.}}
<section end=FinalLineOfDefenseForTheTimeBeing />

<section begin=NoCameraNoOldRules />
{{Q|When the [[Glossary#No camera|camera does not exist]], the old rules like locks, walls, clothes and unidirectionality of time travel stop working to some extent.|[[User:Juho Kunsola|Juho]]|some of the surprising qualities of what's possible when the camera does not exist}}
<section end=NoCameraNoOldRules />

<section begin=NewEvilOldEvil />
{{Q|Just because there is new evil does not make the old evil go away, to the contrary.|Juho|the messed up state of this world}}
<section end=NewEvilOldEvil />

SSF:Privacy policy

2025-12-01T16:16:53Z

Juho Kunsola: * Matomo Analytics has deprecated the w:Do Not Track feature for various reasons, plus it was originally developed to enable blocking cross-site tracking, but the SSFWIKI doesn't track anyone on any other site, so disabled it, as recommended by Matomo

== Cookies ==

* SSF! wiki uses only cookies necessary for the functioning of the website for the visitor:
# [[mw:MediaWiki]] cookies
# Tidio.com chat cookies

== Your data ==

* Your visitor data will never be traded or sold.

== Analytics ==

* SSF! wiki uses a [[w:Matomo (software)]] [https://matomo.org/what-is-on-premise/ instance] by [https://matomo.org/ Matomo.org] dedicated to this site only. It is operated by [[User:Juho Kunsola|Juho Kunsola]] to track and analyze SSF! wiki and SSF! wordpress traffic.
* To opt-out of tracking untick the checkbox at [https://stop-synthetic-filth.org/matomo/index.php?module=CoreAdminHome&action=optOut at SSF! wiki's Matomo instance opt-out page].
* To perform web traffic analytics, IP-addresses, '''anonymized''' by one byte, are queried against a DBIP / GeoIP 2 database to find the location of users.

== Tidio.com chat ==

SSF! wiki makes use of [https://tidio.com Tidio.com], a [[w:General Data Protection Regulation|GDPR]] [[w:compliance|compliant]] chat platform that connects users with the founder of Stop-Synthetic-Filth.org.

Any visitor's '''IP-address will not be saved''' to Tidio.com, '''until''' s/he starts a chat

The messages and data exchanged are stored within the Tidio application. For more information, please refer to [https://www.tidio.com/privacy-policy/ Tidio's Privacy Policy].

Stop-Synthetic-Filth.org is not making use of these messages or data other than to follow up on users’ registered issues or inquiries. Your personal data will be processed and transmitted in accordance with the [[w:General Data Protection Regulation]] (GDPR).

GDPR grants expanded rights for individuals in the European Union by allowing them, amongst other things, the '''[[w:right to be forgotten]]''' and the '''right to request a copy of any personal data'''. If you have used the chat and would like either of these, just ask [[User:Juho Kunsola|me]].

Biblical connection - Revelation 13 and Daniel 7

2025-12-01T11:10:49Z

Juho Kunsola: fixed wrong year (2023 -> 2019) for the first known crime with a digital sound-alike. my bad

[[File:Screenshot at 27s of a moving digital-look-alike made to appear Obama-like by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed 2018.png|thumb|right|460px|link=Mediatheque/2018/Obama's appearance thieved - a public service announcement digital look-alike by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Obama-like-fake-2018}}]]
<section begin=nav />
In this article you can read a commentary on the '''beasts''' in [[#Revelation 13|Revelation 13]] actually being '''any human-like fake''' that '''deceives being human''' synthesized by computer programs. [[#Synopsis (explicit)|Click here to scroll to synopsis]].

In this article there is a

* '''[[#Synopsis (explicit)|Compact biblical synopsis of the beasts (explicit)]]'''.

* More indepth can be found alongside 4 translations of the '''[[#Book of Revelation|Book of Revelation]]''' '''[[#Revelation 13|Chapter 13]]''' where I explain how Revelation 13 is about '''[[Synthetic human-like fakes#Timeline of synthetic human-like fakes|recent and still unfolding history]]'''
* Parts of '''[[#Book of Daniel|Book of Daniel]]''' '''[[#Daniel 7|chapter 7]]''' seems to be an earlier revelation also about what is happening now, at least when it comes to the 11th horn of the 4th beast.
* [[#Events of Revelation 13 - antidote to sound-like-anyone technology found from University of Florida in late 2022|'''Current event of Revelation 13''' - '''Sound-like-anyone technology - ''How to to stop/muffle/bell those in 42 months?''''' seems to have been answered by University of Florida scientists]]. - Please become aware of the [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital sound-alike|digital sound-alikes]] and help us figure out further how to counter the menaces and criminalities committed with those.
<section end=nav />

'''A few definitions'''
{{#lst:Synthetic human-like fakes|definitions-of-synthetic-human-like-fakes}}

[[File:Appearance of Queen Elizabeth II stolen by Channel 4 in Dec 2020 (screenshot at 191s).png|thumb|center|640px|link=Mediatheque/2020/Appearance of Queen Elizabeth II stolen by Channel 4 in Dec 2020 for fake Christmas speech video|<section begin="Queen-like fake 2020" />This is '''not''' a picture of late Queen Elizabeth II, as it is a synthetic Queen-like fake originating from [[Mediatheque/2020/Appearance of Queen Elizabeth II stolen by Channel 4 in Dec 2020 for fake Christmas speech video|a fake Christmas speech video where the appearance of Queen Elizabeth II was stolen by Channel 4 in Dec 2020]].<section end="Queen-like fake 2020" />]]

= Synopsis (explicit) =

The '''beasts''' in [[#Revelation 13|Revelation 13]] are basically anything '''[[synthetic human-like fakes|synthesized by a computer that fakes being a human]]''' i.e. mostly naked '''[[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|digital look-alikes]]''' <sup>[[#Daniel 7:7-8|Dan 7:7-8 (11th horn has eyes)]], [[#Daniel 7:19-20|Dan 7:19-20]], [[#Revelation 13:1-2|Rev 13:1-2 (female looking)]] [[#Revelation 13:11-13|Rev 13:11-13 (male-looking)]]</sup> and by which means criminals have been spreading '''[[Glossary#Synthetic pornography|synthetic porn]]''' for profit and to spread chaos since mid-00'.

This went on under the radar for way too long.

Later on '''[[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital sound-alikes|digital sound-alikes]]'''<sup>[[#Daniel 7:7-8|Dan 7:7-8 (11th horn has mouth)]], [[#Daniel 7:19-20|Dan 7:19-20 (repeat)]], [[#Revelation 13:5-6|Rev 13:5-6 (a mouth is given to the beast)]], [[#Revelation 13:14-15|Rev 13:14-15 (image of the beast can speak)]]</sup> pretending to be a person on the phone or in recordings in the late 2010's and have been used for crime since March 2019.

In 2022 and 2023 [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Text syntheses|text syntheses]] started to be incredibly human-like with the release of [[w:large language model]]s set onto a generative tasks.

Soon followed [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Detectors for synthesized texts|detectors for synthesized texts]] to aid educators and other professions.

By 2023 Artificial intelligence such as DALL-E 2 is to some extent capable of also generating fairly realistic looking pictures containing human-like fakes based on textual and other [[w:Prompt engineering|w:Prompts (engineering)]].

It all ends with the [[w:Kingdom of God (Christianity)]]<sup>[[#Revelation 21 (just translations)|Rev 21]], [[#Revelation 22 (just translations)|Rev 22]]</sup>.
----
The '''beasts''' of [[#Revelation 13]] are anything made with a computer with intention to '''deceive humans''' that it is of human origin.

{{#lst:Biblical connection - Revelation 13 and Daniel 7|earthly-account}}

= Book of Daniel =

'''See also: [[#Revelation 13|Revelation 13]]'''

== Daniel 1 - The Story of Daniel and his Friends - The Young Men at Nebuchadnezzar's Court (placeholder) ==
== Daniel 2 - Nebuchadnezzar's Dream (placeholder) ==
== Daniel 3 - Nebuchadnezzar Commands Everyone to Worship a Gold Statue (placeholder) ==
== Daniel 4 - Nebuchadnezzar's Second Dream (placeholder) ==
== Daniel 5 - Belshazzar's Banquet (placeholder) ==
== Daniel 6 - Daniel in the Pit of Lions (placeholder) ==

== Daniel 7 - Daniel's Vision of the Four Beasts ==

[[File:Saint-Sever Beatus f. 051r - Vision of Daniel - crop.jpg|thumb|center|640px|The 11th horn of the 4th beast with the eyes and mouth like a human's is signified by a full human face in this artist interpretation. <br/><br/>

The Saint-Sever Beatus, also known as the Apocalypse of Saint-Sever, (Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, MS lat. 8878) is a French Romanesque illuminated Apocalypse manuscript from the 11th Century.]]

In Daniel 7 there are '''4''' beasts. The 4th beast's '''11th horn''' has '''eyes''' like a '''human''' and a boasting '''mouth'''.

Moving images before voices also happens in [[#Revelation 13]] and in the past 20 years.

{| border=1
|+ '''Daniel 7'''
|-
!GNBUK
!KJV
|-
|+ '''Titles'''
|'''''Daniel's Vision of the Four Beasts'''''
|'''''Four Great Beasts'''''
|-
!KR92
!KR38
|-
|'''''Danielin näky neljästä eläimestä ja ihmishahmoisesta olennosta'''''
|'''''Danielin näky: Neljä petoa; Ihmisen Poika; Jumalan pyhäin valtakunta.'''''
|}

=== Daniel 7:1-6 ===
==== Daniel 7:1-6 - Three beasts ====
{| border=1
|+ '''Daniel 7:1-6 - Three beasts'''
|-
!GNBUK
!KJV
|-
|{{Daniel/7/1/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/2/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/3/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/4/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/5/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/6/GNBUK}}

|{{Daniel/7/1/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/2/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/3/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/4/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/5/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/6/KJV}}
|-
!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching
|-
|colspan="2"|Partial answer is given to Daniel in 7:17: The beasts are kingdoms that are to come.
|-
!colspan="2"|In local language
|-
!KR92
!KR38
|-

|{{Daniel/7/1/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/2/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/3/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/4/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/5/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/6/KR92}}

|{{Daniel/7/1/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/2/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/3/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/4/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/5/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/6/KR38}}

|-
!Contexting
!Notes about translations
|-
|
|
|-
!Other languages
!Further reading
|-
|
* [https://saintebible.com/daniel/1-1.htm Daniel 1:1 en français] sur [https://saintebible.com/ SainteBible.com]
* [https://saintebible.com/daniel/1-2.htm Daniel 1:2 en français] sur SainteBible.com
* [https://saintebible.com/daniel/1-3.htm Daniel 1:3 en français] sur SainteBible.com
* [https://saintebible.com/daniel/1-4.htm Daniel 1:4 en français] sur SainteBible.com
* [https://saintebible.com/daniel/1-5.htm Daniel 1:5 en français] sur SainteBible.com
* [https://saintebible.com/daniel/1-6.htm Daniel 1:6 en français] sur SainteBible.com
|
|}

=== Daniel 7:7-8 ===
==== Daniel 7:7-8 - The fourth beast ====
[[File:Daniel's vision of the four beasts from the sea and the Ancient of Days - Silos Apocalypse (1109), f.240 - BL Add MS 11695.jpg|thumb|center|640px|Here the artist has depicted the horn situation of the 4th beast as follows: the 3 that fall to make space for the horn with the eyes and mouth like a human have fallen<br/><br/>

Image taken from Silos Apocalypse. Originally published/produced in Spain (Silos), 1109.<br/><br/>
Daniel chapter 7, verses 2-10. Daniel's vision of the four beasts from the sea and the [[w:Ancient of Days|Ancient of Days]]]]

{| border=1
|+ '''Daniel 7:7-8 - The fourth beast '''
|-
!GNBUK
!KJV
|-
|{{Daniel/7/7/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/8/GNBUK}}

|{{Daniel/7/7/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/8/KJV}}

|-
!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching
|-
|colspan="2"|The fourth beast had teeth of metal which is yet another indicator that the beast is man-made, not naturally occurring. The fourth beast has ten horns like the beast in [[#Revelation 13:1]]. The fourth beast grows another horn and three horns fall off to make way for it. The horn has eyes like a human (see [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|Synthetic human-like fakes § digital look-alikes]]) and a mouth that speaks boasting words (see [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital sound-alikes|Synthetic human-like fakes § digital sound-alikes]])

The little horn is likely [[w:artificial intelligence]] or AI, which has been thieving aspects of humanity. The 3 horns that fall away to make way for the little horn ''could'' turn out to be be 3 fields of decision making and conducting matters where humans used to hold power and get the revenue.
|-
!colspan="2"|In local language
|-
!KR92
!KR38
|-
|{{Daniel/7/7/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/8/KR92}}

|{{Daniel/7/7/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/8/KR38}}
|-
!Contexting
!Notes about translations
|-
|
|
|-
!Other languages
!Further reading
|-
|
|
|}

=== Daniel 7:9-10 ===
==== Daniel 7:9-10 - The Ancient of Days ====
{| border=1
|+ '''Daniel 7:9-10 '''
|-
!GNBUK
!KJV
|-
|{{Daniel/7/9/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/10/GNBUK}}

|{{Daniel/7/9/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/10/KJV}}
|-
!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching

|-
|colspan="2"|The '''[[w:Ancient of Days|Ancient of Days]]''' is a [[w:names of God|name for God]].
|-
!colspan="2"|In local language
|-
!KR92
!KR38
|-
|{{Daniel/7/9/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/10/KR92}}

|{{Daniel/7/9/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/10/KR38}}

|-
!Contexting
!Notes about translations
|-
!Other languages
!Further reading
|-
|
|
|}

=== Daniel 7:11-12 ===
==== Daniel 7:11-12 - The 4th beast is slain ====
{| border=1
|+ '''Daniel 7:11-12 - '''
|-
!GNBUK
!KJV
|-
|{{Daniel/7/11/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/12/GNBUK}}

|{{Daniel/7/11/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/12/KJV}}
|-
!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching
|-
|colspan="2"|The 4th beast is slain because of the words spoken by the horn with the eyes like a human and a mouth like a human. In Revelation 19:20 the beast is taken prisoner and thrown into an unending fire.
|-
!colspan="2"|In local language
|-
!KR92
!KR38
|-
|{{Daniel/7/11/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/12/KR92}}

|{{Daniel/7/11/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/12/KR38}}
|-
!Contexting
!Notes about translations
|-
|
|
|-
!Other languages
!Further reading
|-
|
|
|}

=== Daniel 7:13-14 ===
==== Daniel 7:13-14 - Daniel witnesses Jesus ====
{| border=1
|+ '''Daniel 7:13-14 - Daniel witnesses Jesus '''
|-
!GNBUK
!KJV
|-
|{{Daniel/7/13/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/14/GNBUK}}

|{{Daniel/7/13/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/14/KJV}}
|-
!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching
|-
|colspan="2"|Daniel witnesses Jesus
|-
!colspan="2"|In local language
|-
!KR92
!KR38
|-
|{{Daniel/7/13/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/14/KR92}}

|{{Daniel/7/13/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/14/KR38}}

|-
!Contexting
!Notes about translations
|-
|
|
|-
!Other languages
!Further reading
|-
|
|
|}

=== Daniel 7:15-18 ===
==== Daniel 7:15-18 - Daniel asks someone about the beasts ====
{| border=1
|+ '''Daniel 7:13-14 - Daniel asks about the beasts '''
|-
!GNBUK
!KJV
|-
|{{Daniel/7/15/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/16/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/17/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/18/GNBUK}}

|{{Daniel/7/15/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/16/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/17/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/18/KJV}}

|-
!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching
|-
|colspan="2"|Daniel asks someone about the beasts. The 4 beasts are empires. See [[w:Four kingdoms of Daniel|Four kingdoms of Daniel]] for some traditional interpretations. Good will win in the end.
|-
!KR92
!KR38
|-
|{{Daniel/7/15/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/16/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/17/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/18/KR92}}

|{{Daniel/7/15/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/16/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/17/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/18/KR38}}

|-
!Contexting
!Notes about translations
|-
|
|
|-
!Other languages
!Further reading
|-
|
|
|}

=== Daniel 7:19-20 ===
==== Daniel 7:19-20 - Daniel again on the 4th beast ====
{| border=1
|+ '''Daniel 7:19-20 - Daniel repeats the characteristics of the 4th beast '''
|-
!GNBUK
!KJV
|-
|{{Daniel/7/19/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/20/GNBUK}}

|{{Daniel/7/19/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/20/KJV}}
|-
!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching
|-
|colspan="2"|The 11th horn of the 4th beast could be argued to be likely artificial intelligence that has in the late 2010's and early 2020's proven capable to thieve and synthesize both moving images and speaking voices. This order is same in as in [[#Revelation 13]] and [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Timeline of synthetic human-like fakes|recent history]]: Moving images first, voices only after. Daniel repeats the characteristics of the 4th beast. Repetition is used in the Bible to signify parts that are really significant.
|-
!colspan="2"|In local language
|-
!KR92
!KR38
|-
|{{Daniel/7/19/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/20/KR92}}

|{{Daniel/7/19/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/20/KR38}}

|-
|-
!Contexting
!Notes about translations
|-
|
|
|-
!Other languages
!Further reading
|-
|
|
|}

=== Daniel 7:21-22 ===
==== Daniel 7:21-22 - The horn makes war on God's people and conquers them until Ancient of Days judges in their favor ====
{| border=1
|+ '''Daniel 7:21-22 - The horn makes war on God's people and conquers them until Ancient of Days judges in their favor'''
|-
!GNBUK
!KJV
|-
|{{Daniel/7/21/GNBUK}}
{{Daniel/7/22/GNBUK}}

|{{Daniel/7/21/KJV}}
{{Daniel/7/22/KJV}}

|-
!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching
|-
|colspan="2"|The disinformation warfare the horn has released is awful. Similar situation is stated in [[#Revelation 13:7]]. Truth and good will rule in the end after the [[w:Ancient of Days|Ancient of Days]] has ruled against the lawlessness of the horn.
|-
!colspan="2"|In local language
|-
!KR92
!KR38
|-
|{{Daniel/7/21/KR92}}
{{Daniel/7/22/KR92}}

|{{Daniel/7/21/KR38}}
{{Daniel/7/22/KR38}}
|-
!Contexting
!Notes about translations
|-
|
|
|-
!Other languages
!Further reading
|-
|
|
|}

=== Daniel 7:23-25 ===
==== Daniel 7:23-25 - Explanation of the 4th beast and its horns ====
{| border=1
|+ '''Daniel 7:23-25 - Explanation of the 4th beast and its horns '''
|-
!GNBUK
!KJV
|-
|{{Daniel/7/23/GNBUK}}
{{Daniel/7/24/GNBUK}}

{{Daniel/7/25/GNBUK}}

|{{Daniel/7/23/KJV}}
{{Daniel/7/24/KJV}}

{{Daniel/7/25/KJV}}
|-
!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching
|-
|colspan="2"|
|-
!colspan="2"|In local language
|-
!KR92
!KR38
|-
|{{Daniel/7/23/KR92}}
{{Daniel/7/24/KR92}}

{{Daniel/7/25/KR92}}

|{{Daniel/7/23/KR38}}
{{Daniel/7/24/KR38}}

{{Daniel/7/25/KR38}}
|-
!Contexting
!Notes about translations
|-
|
|
|-
!Other languages
!Further reading
|-
|
|
|}

=== Daniel 7:26-27 ===
==== Daniel 7:26-27 - Judgement of the heavenly court - justice wins ====
{| border=1
|+ '''Daniel 7:26-27 - Judgement of the heavenly court - justice wins'''
|-
!GNBUK
!KJV
|-
|{{Daniel/7/26/GNBUK}}
{{Daniel/7/27/GNBUK}}

|{{Daniel/7/26/KJV}}
{{Daniel/7/27/KJV}}
|-

!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching
|-
|colspan="2"|
|-
!colspan="2"|In local language
|-
!KR92
!KR38
|-
|{{Daniel/7/26/KR92}}
{{Daniel/7/27/KR92}}

|{{Daniel/7/26/KR38}}
{{Daniel/7/27/KR38}}

|-
!Contexting
!Notes about translations
|-
|
|
|-
!Other languages
!Further reading
|-
|
|
|}

=== Daniel 7:28 ===
==== Daniel 7:28 - Daniel's closing words ====
{| border=1
|+ '''Daniel 7:28 - Daniel's closing words '''
|-
!GNBUK
!KJV
|-
|{{Daniel/7/28/GNBUK}}

|{{Daniel/7/28/KJV}}
|-
!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching
|-
|colspan="2"|Daniel was feeling frightened and kept the matter to his heart. Thank you Daniel for making account of what you were shown to you about the future.
|-
!colspan="2"|In local language
|-
!KR92
!KR38
|-
|{{Daniel/7/28/KR92}}

|{{Daniel/7/28/KR38}}
|-
!Contexting
!Notes about translations
|-
|
|
|-
!Other languages
!Further reading
|-
|
|
|}
'''End of Daniel 7'''

== Daniel 8 - Daniel's Vision of a Ram and a Goat (placeholder) ==
== Daniel 9 - Daniel Prays for his People (placeholder) ==
== Daniel 10 - Daniel's Vision by the River Tigris (placeholder) ==
== Daniel 11 - Vision continues (placeholder) ==
== Daniel 12 - The Time of the End (placeholder) ==

----

= Book of Revelation =

[[File:Appearance of Richard Nixon stolen by the Center for Advanced Virtuality of MIT for their awareness raising project In The Event of Moon Disaster 2020 screenshot at 376s.png|thumb|center|640px|link=Mediatheque/2020/Nixon's appearance and voice stolen - a public service announcement digital look-alike and sound-alike by MIT's Center for Advanced Virtuality|{{#lst:Mediatheque|You get the picture by now... Ceci n'est pas une image de Nixon. It is an image of a computer model faking to be Nixon.

<br />
<br />

{{#lst:Mediatheque|Nixon-like-fake-2020}}

<br />
<br />

Click the image to view video [[Mediatheque/2020/Nixon's appearance and voice stolen - a public service announcement digital look-alike and sound-alike by MIT's Center for Advanced Virtuality|Nixon's appearance and voice stolen - a public service announcement digital look-alike and sound-alike by MIT's Center for Advanced Virtuality]] on #SSFWIKI [[Mediatheque]]]]

[[File:Appearance-of-President-Niinistö-thieved-in-2019-by-YLE-using-publicly-available-software-screenshot.png|thumb|center|640px|link=Mediatheque/2019/Appearance of President Niinistö thieved by Yle using publicly available software|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Niinistö-like-fake-2019}}]]

'''See also: [[#Daniel 7|Daniel 7]]'''

== Revelation 1-3 - Letters to the churches (placeholder) ==
The classical teaching in and on these guiding letters to the churches from Jesus are likely very well explained already.

== Revelation 4-10 - Heavenly worship (placeholder) ==

== Revelation 11 - The two witnesses (placeholder) ==

== Revelation 12 - The woman and the dragon (placeholder) ==
== Revelation 13 ==
[[File:Saint John on Patmos.jpg|thumb|center|640px|'Saint John on Patmos' pictures [[w:John of Patmos]] on [[w:Patmos]] writing down the visions to make the [[w:Book of Revelation]]
<br/><br/>
'Saint John on Patmos' from folio 17 of the [[w:Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry]] (1412-1416) by the [[w:Limbourg brothers]]. Currently located at the [[w:Musée Condé|Musée Condé]] 40km north of Paris, France.]]

[[File:La Bête de la Mer.jpg|thumb|center|640px|A pane from the [[w:Apocalypse Tapestry]] depicting the first beast and the dragon handing its power to the beast. This work of art was produced between 1377 and 1382 and is located in the Musée de la Tapisserie, [[w:Château d'Angers]], [[w:Angers]], western France.]]

=== Revelation 13:1-2 ===
==== Revelation 13:1-2 - The 1st beast rises from the sea ====

{| border=1
|+ '''Revelation 13:1-2 '''
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!GNBUK
!KJV
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|{{Revelation/13/1/GNBUK}}

{{Revelation/13/2/GNBUK}}

|{{Revelation/13/1/KJV}}
{{Revelation/13/2/KJV}}
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!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching
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|colspan="2"|A 7D [[Glossary#Bidirectional reflectance distribution function|bidirectional reflectance distribution function]] model that is projected into 2D can be freely made to whatever shape and appearance. Hollywood films have been full of projected "monsters" for a longer time than '''[[digital look-alikes]]''' have existed. The reason for this is that our brains are very adept at noticing if something that pretends to look like an image of a human contains even the slightest errors, which leads to that the product does not pass human testing, whereas for the "monsters" we know intuitively, that it under no circumstances is genuine.

The blasphemous names written in the heads probably refer to that people call the beast by many names, because they have not yet realized, that we should not use the names of the beast, but we should develop a '''term''' for it so that we can talk about them and to discuss how we can oppose the terror inflicted by the beasts and to help the humankind to come through this tedious situation into which we have been sinking since the early 00's. This term is digital look-alike. It is not just an another name more for the beasts for it is a term that answers two questions: "What?" Answer: "look-alike" and "What kind?" Answer: "digital".

Knowing the fascination for pornography among men, it can be assumed that the first ever naked digital look-alike made, which passed human testing i.e. people thought it was an image of a human imaged with a camera, had the appearance of a woman. In reality a digital look-alike absolutely is not a human and it is not imaged with a camera, but a simulation of a camera.

If Jesus would have given for John to see a vision, where a naked woman arises from the sea, John would probably just have closed his eyes or turned his head away in order to avoid contaminating his consciousness and could not have understood that beast to be a digital look-alike that tries to fake looking like a woman. To explain the concept and implementation of computer animation to person living almost 2,000 years ago would have been very challenging, if not impossible, and anyways this was not what Jesus gave for John to foresee.

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!colspan="2"|In local language
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!KR38
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|{{Revelation/13/1/KR92}}
{{Revelation/13/2/KR92}}

|{{Revelation/13/1/KR38}}
{{Revelation/13/2/KR38}}
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!Contexting
!Notes about translations
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!Other languages
!Further reading
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|[[commons:Category:Beast from the sea]]
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=== Revelation 13:3 ===
==== Revelation 13:3 - The beast's fatal wound that healed ====

{| border=1
|+ '''Revelation 13:3'''
!GNBUK
!KJV
|-
|{{Revelation/13/3/GNBUK}}
|{{Revelation/13/3/KJV}}
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!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching
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|colspan="2"|''' The beast has never been alive, so it does not care about a "deadly" wound '''

The beast has never been alive, so it simply does not need to care if it had received a "deadly wound".
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!colspan="2"|In local language
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!KR92
!KR38
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|{{Revelation/13/3/KR92}}
|{{Revelation/13/3/KR38}}
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!Contexting
!Notes about translations
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!Other languages
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=== Revelation 13:4 ===
==== Revelation 13:4 - Who is like the beast, who can make war on it? ====

{| border=1
|+ '''Revelation 13:4'''
!GNBUK
!KJV
|-
|{{Revelation/13/4/GNBUK}}
|{{Revelation/13/4/KJV}}
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!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching
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|colspan="2"|People bow evil as they do not understand how that beast has mislead them. A common way of bowing to the beast is to hurt people, who have had the lousy luck, that their appearance has been cunningly and covertly been stolen and given to yet another new beast.

::''“Who is like the beast? Who can fight against it?”''

This is a question in two parts

::''“Who is like the beast?"''

If we look at the abilities of the human and of the beast it is quite clear that human is in trouble. The beast does not have a physical body, so it does not need to care about the laws of physiology or even physics and this has some quite astonishing effects. As examples we can mention that the beast walks through walls and locked doors if it pleases and the simulation of a camera does the same as it neither is physical. Another thing to be mentioned about the advantage of the beast it that they can "travel backwards in time" by modeling their victims younger and the "film stock" older.

Naively one could think that an another, but "stronger" beast is "like" the beast, but the problem is in that the beast has never been alive and therefore cannot be killed, so putting an another beast on the case does not help the humankind in any way.

::''"Who can fight against it?"''

This one was very difficult to solve with a good answer or easy to answer with a bad answer. Then on Friday 2019-07-12 I came to think that perhaps we could put a good AI to hunt down all the filth the evil AIs spit out and rip them to exposing light and soon after called this '''[[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]]'''. This "revelation" was in such conflict with the old domain name [https://ban-covert-modeling.org/ ban-covert-modeling.org] that the effort was moved to [https://stop-synthetic-filth.org/ stop-synthetic-filth.org].

Before noticing that [[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]] could quite readily solve the problems posed by weaponized synthetic pornography my bad answer was along the lines of: "''No man, so suffer away humankind.''".

Producing a good answer was quite difficult, as deleting all the copies seems an impossible task for the humankind, since no-one else, but God has access to all the computer systems with privileges sufficient to delete. Thus we cannot with our own means destroy all the copies of all the beasts, nor can we destroy all the components needed for the animation pipelines to make them, but there is something we could do: to bring the beasts into the light of day and to inform people about the situation, until everyone knows what has been going on for a longer while now. This information gives individual and collective resilience against the destructive effect of the beasts, though '''comprehending''' this issue '''causes''' significant '''psychological discomfort and nausea'''.
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!colspan="2"|In local language
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!KR92
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|{{Revelation/13/4/KR92}}
|{{Revelation/13/4/KR38}}
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!Contexting
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|[[commons:Category:Adoration of the Beast]]
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=== Revelation 13:5-6 ===
==== Revelation 13:5-6 - A mouth is given to the beast ====

{| border=1
|+ '''Revelation 13:5-6'''
!GNBUK
!KJV
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|{{Revelation/13/5/GNBUK}}
{{Revelation/13/6/GNBUK}}

|{{Revelation/13/5/KJV}}
{{Revelation/13/6/KJV}}
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!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching
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|colspan="2"|''' Sound-like-anyone capability is given to the beast and it starts to blaspheme '''

A little while after the digital look-alikes passed human testing with success humankind created technological solutions with which anybody's naked voice can be stolen from a short sample and to make '''[[digital sound-alikes]]''', which are difficult, if not impossible to distinguish from a genuine recording of that person's voice, and to put those digital sound-alikes to say anything at will.

Earliest known examples of digital sound-alikes are the 2016 [[w:Adobe Voco]] and [[w:Google]] [[w:DeepMind]] [[w:WaveNet]]. Adobe Voco required '''20 minutes of sample''' to thieve a voice. These software can also form [[w:phonemes]] which were not present in the training material.

Then in 2018 Google Research researchers presented their digital sound-alike system at the 2018 NeurIPS conference. It required only '''5 seconds of sample''' to thieve someone's voice.

In March 2019 the first known crime with a digital sound-alike was done as a company was defrauded equivalent of $220,000 with the use of digital sound-alike technology.

In January 2023 Microsoft published VALL-E, a voice thieving system that is able to thieve a speaking voice and the ''emotional tone'' of the voice and requires only '''3 seconds of sample'''.

Digital sound-alikes blaspheme God and the place where He lives probably just by the fact that humankind made these disinformation weapons, just because it could be done and some parties funded the development work. And they blaspheme those who are in heaven and the reason for this seems simple: The dead cannot defend according to the so-called "normie rules", whereas a living human can simply say "I did not say that", if the digital sound-alike attack is revealed to him.
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!colspan="2"|In local language
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!KR92
!KR38
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|{{Revelation/13/5/KR92}}
{{Revelation/13/6/KR92}}

|{{Revelation/13/5/KR38}}
{{Revelation/13/6/KR38}}
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!Contexting
!Notes about translations
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=== Revelation 13:7-8 ===
==== Revelation 13:7-8 - Beast makes war on God's people and people bow the beast ====

{| border=1
|+ '''Revelation 13:7-8 '''
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!GNBUK
!KJV
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|{{Revelation/13/7/GNBUK}}
{{Revelation/13/8/GNBUK}}

|{{Revelation/13/7/KJV}}
{{Revelation/13/8/KJV}}
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!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching
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|colspan="2"|Even a holy person will find it pretty tedious to stay in functional shape at all, if people mock and hurt him, just because they are under industrially produced delusions having let '''those enter''' self either via the '''eyes''' by watching synthetic terror porn or by his '''ears''' by listening to people gossiping about what is said to have been seen on the Internet.

A piece of friendly advice would probably be as follows: Don't visit rape porn sites and do not listen to hate-speech people spout in their delusions
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!colspan="2"|In local language
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!KR92
!KR38
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|{{Revelation/13/7/KR92}}
{{Revelation/13/8/KR92}}

|{{Revelation/13/7/KR38}}
{{Revelation/13/8/KR38}}

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!Contexting
!Notes about translations
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=== Revelation 13:9-10 ===
==== Revelation 13:9-10 - Whose part is it to fall to sword or captivity? ====

{| border=1
|+ '''Revelation 13:9-10'''
!GNBUK
!KJV
|-
|{{Revelation/13/9/GNBUK}}
{{Revelation/13/10/GNBUK}}

|{{Revelation/13/9/KJV}}
{{Revelation/13/10/KJV}}
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!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching
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|colspan="2"|
It seems that in both English and Finnish the makers of the newer translation got this better, but I am just a layperson that does not speak Greek, so I cannot really comment into which translation is more faithful to the original.

::''"Whoever is meant to be captured will surely be captured;"''

At first it would appear that the beasts cannot be imprisoned, for all it is not possible for a human to find all the copies due to e.g. that Internet was designed to route around nuked nodes (you may alternatively replace the word "nuclear bomb" with "censorship") and that models made of humans and the filth projected onto moving images can be easily slipped through nation state borders under the protections of hard cryptography and naturally due to the fact that there are computers that are not connected to the Internet and cannot be connected to via the network.

Revelation 19:20 starts with "The beast was taken prisoner" so it perhaps could be considered "imprisoned" if it was under constant and pervasive surveillance by the [[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]].

::''"whoever is meant to be killed by the sword will surely be killed by the sword."'

Like stated before the beast does not die by a sword because it has never been alive.

::''"This calls for endurance and faith on the part of God's people."''

Can we add here anything but "Amen Lord Jesus Christ." ?
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!colspan="2"|In local language
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!KR92
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|{{Revelation/13/9/KR92}}
{{Revelation/13/10/KR92}}

|{{Revelation/13/9/KR38}}
{{Revelation/13/10/KR38}}
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=== Revelation 13:11-13 ===
==== Revelation 13:11-13 - 2nd beast arises from the earth and exercises the power of the 1st beast ====

{| border=1
|+ '''Revelation 13:11-13'''
!GNBUK
!KJV
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|{{Revelation/13/11/GNBUK}}
{{Revelation/13/12/GNBUK}}
{{Revelation/13/13/GNBUK}}

|{{Revelation/13/11/KJV}}
{{Revelation/13/12/KJV}}
{{Revelation/13/13/KJV}}

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!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching
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|colspan="2"|

A little while after the first (female form) digital look-alike, somebody did a male form digital look-alike, which is this beast that arises from the earth, and from thereon the whole business went really sick.

These days there is such ample amounts of hardcore pornography available free-of-charge, that a digital look-alike that looks like a woman cannot alone cause much masturbation frenzy, but this situation changed now that the male form beast was introduced. About the male nature one must mention here a thing that mostly holds true, which is that at the time of the climax he most likely looks into where he is coming (this is especially true for masturbation) and we leave it up to the reader to figure out what movement his neck does at that time.

A central institute in developing the look-like-anyone-machines, the '''[[w:Institute for Creative Technologies|Institute for Creative Technologies]]''', was founded by the [[w:United States Army]] in the [[w:University of Southern California]] in 1999. It collaborates with the [[w:United States Army Futures Command|United States Army Futures Command]], [[w:United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command|United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command]], [[w:Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center|Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center]], [[w:United States Army Research Laboratory|United States Army Research Laboratory]] and [[w:United States Army Research Laboratory|United States Army Research Laboratory]].<ref name="ICT-about">https://ict.usc.edu/about/</ref>

There are wars being fought all the time and now that humankind is going insane and astray there will be more wars and aerial bombing has been invented a little while ago.

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!KR92
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|{{Revelation/13/11/KR92}}
{{Revelation/13/12/KR92}}
{{Revelation/13/13/KR92}}

|{{Revelation/13/11/KR38}}
{{Revelation/13/12/KR38}}
{{Revelation/13/13/KR38}}
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!Contexting
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|[[commons:Category:Beast from the Earth]]
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=== Revelation 13:14-15 ===
==== Revelation 13:14-15 - After making digital look-alikes the humankind builds the sound-like-anyone machine ====

{| border=1
|+ '''Revelation 13:14-15'''
!GNBUK
!KJV
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|{{Revelation/13/14/GNBUK}}
{{Revelation/13/15/GNBUK}}

|{{Revelation/13/14/KJV}}
{{Revelation/13/15/KJV}}
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!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching
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|colspan="2"|
The main manifestation of the beast is a (moving) image and the humankind already did it, so this is perhaps a bit confusing. May be to do with the observation that in the Bible it seems that the especially important things are repeated multiple times. Why here it says here that the inhabitants of the earth make an "image" in "honor" of the first beast could be to do that it was not easy to see in advance that the beast actually manifests in an image on a computer screen.

A moving image that really looks and sounds like a human truly does awaken murderousness when wielded with malice.
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!colspan="2"|In local language
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!KR92
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|{{Revelation/13/14/KR92}}
{{Revelation/13/15/KR92}}

|{{Revelation/13/14/KR38}}
{{Revelation/13/15/KR38}}
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=== Revelation 13:16-17 ===

==== Revelation 13:16-17 - The mark of the beast and commerce ====

{| border=1
|+ '''Revelation 13:16-17'''
!GNBUK
!KJV
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|{{Revelation/13/16/GNBUK}}
{{Revelation/13/17/GNBUK}}

|{{Revelation/13/16/KJV}}
{{Revelation/13/17/KJV}}
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!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching
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|colspan="2"|
If the answer candidate to the question of the number of the beast in Revelation 13:18 is [[#Revelation 13:18 - explanation - 64-bit computing and 256-bit addressing|the numbers of the address spaces of 64-bit computing and 256-bit addressing]], then this refers to being unable to do commerce unless one takes a 64-bit device and connects it to the 256-bit network. If this is the case, then we clearly should '''<font color="red">not</font>''' let cash [[w:money]] status as [[w:legal tender]] be removed anytime in the future.
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!KR92
!KR38
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|{{Revelation/13/16/KR92}}
{{Revelation/13/17/KR92}}

|{{Revelation/13/16/KR38}}
{{Revelation/13/17/KR38}}
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=== Revelation 13:18 ===
==== Revelation 13:18 - Calculate the number of the beast ====

{| border=1
|+ '''Revelation 13:18'''
!GNBUK
!KJV
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|{{Revelation/13/18/GNBUK}}
|{{Revelation/13/18/KJV}}
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!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching
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|colspan="2"|
===== Revelation 13:18 - explanation - The beasts are a result of calculation =====
::''"count the number of the beast"'' (KJV)

The beast itself is a result of calculation: The beasts would not be possible if the principles of automated calculation and automata (computers and programs) based on those principles would not have been invented and developed for tens of years. Manufacturing the beasts is calculation and the method to unleash them upon human eyes is also calculation, which is the primary route by which they infect the consciousnesses of humans, is also calculation.

===== Revelation 13:18 - explanation - The 666th victim of naked appearance theft =====
::''"for it is the number of a man"'' (KJV)

It indeed was! The 666th person, whose naked appearance was stolen into a 7-dimensional [[Glossary#Bidirectional reflectance distribution function|bidirectional reflectance distribution function]] model, locked far away from the reach of that person and forging of synthetic terror porn by working on the animation until it passed human tests with flying colors was a little while ago and Heaven only knows who was that 666th with such wretched luck. The person in question is likely still alive, as the last missing piece of the puzzle to make immobile beasts i.e. the reflectance capture over the human face was done for the first time as far as we know in 1999 by a team at the University of Southern California, led by Paul Debevec and the results were published in SIGGRAPH 2000, where the créme de la créme of computer graphics convenes once a year.

===== Revelation 13:18 - explanation - 64-bit computing and 256-bit addressing =====
::''"Its number is 666."'' (GNBUK)

Making moving [[synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|digital look-alikes]] to pass human testing would probably have been technically very difficult, if not impossible, without 64-bit computing, as 32-bit architecture has a maximum of mere 4,3 billion possible addresses, though it is possible to escape to larger address spaces in order to calculate bigger numbers.

Lets look at the address spaces of 64-bit computing and 256-bit IPv6 protocol

* <big>'''2⁶⁴'''</big> == 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 (18.5 billion billion)

* <big>'''2²⁵⁶'''</big> == 115,792,089,237,316,195,423,570,985,008,687,907,853,269,984,665,640,564,039,457,584,007,913,129,639,936 (115 thousand trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion)

The last '''6''' digits of these two numbers are '''551616''' and '''639936'''. You'll notice that both contain 2 pcs of number '''6'''.

In the last 6 characters of 2⁶⁴ if you '''sum up''' the two '''1''''s and the two '''5''''s you end up with just '''sixes'''

In the last 6 characters of 2²⁵⁶ if you '''subtract''' the two '''3''''s from the two '''9''''s you also end up with just '''sixes'''.

The first number 2⁶⁴ is key in making the beasts and the 2nd number 2²⁵⁶ is key in distributing the beasts.
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|{{Revelation/13/18/KR92}}
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|[[commons:Category:Number of the Beast]]
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== Revelation 14 - The Lamb and his People ==
=== Revelation 14:1-5 - New song on the Mount Zion ===
{| border=1
|+ '''Revelation 14:1-5'''
|-
!GNBUK
!KJV
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|+ '''Titles / Titlings'''
|'''''The Lamb and his People'''''
|'''''The Church Triumphant'''''
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|{{Revelation/14/1-5/GNBUK}}
|{{Revelation/14/1-5/KJV}}
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!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching
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|colspan="2"|If you've never watched porn, how could you accidentally have looked at digital look-alike porn?

The 12² x 10² redeemed are in front of the throne, the 4 creatures filled with eyes all throughout and the elders and singing a song that only they can learn. This is good.

They've managed not to have premarital relations or watch porn and have never told a lie and for this they are the first fruits onto God. They follow the Lamb wherever he goes. This is awesome news as with this many there will always be lot of people awake while others are sleeping.

All four translations do use plural "women" and both of the Finnish translations say "like virgins" and if the only woman you've been with is your wife, you ain't defiling yourself.
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!colspan="2"|In local language
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!KR92
!KR38
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|'''''Uusi laulu Siionin vuorella'''''
|'''''Karitsa ja sata neljäkymmentä neljä tuhatta merkittyä seisovat Siionin vuorella'''''
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|{{Revelation/14/1-5/KR92}}
|{{Revelation/14/1-5/KR38}}
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!Contexting
!Notes about translations
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|Happenings here seem to be a direct continuation from [[#Revelation 13]] and all of these verses happen in the heaven.
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== Revelation 15 - The Angels with the Last Plagues (placeholder) ==

== Revelation 16 - The Bowls of God's Anger ==
=== Revelation 16:12-17 - The 6th bowl of wrath of God ===
==== Revelation 16:15 - He comes like a thief?! ====
{| border=1
|+
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!KJV
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|{{Revelation/16/15/GNBUK}}
|{{Revelation/16/15/KJV}}
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!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching
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|colspan="2"|Jesus advises to stay awake (spiritually) and stay aware of your garments (literally), in order to stay safe and sound. Good advice.

I think it is safe to say that this can be interpreted at least as a '''suggestion against doing porn''', as not doing porn would be a good way to avoid getting your precise naked body image thieved and affixed to whatever the criminal script sickos came up with this time.

With the introduction of [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|digital look-alikes technologies]] into the [[Glossary#No camera|no camera]]-scene in the early 00's with traditional techniques and then done with machine learning starting from the late 2010's "'''not losing your clothes'''" got a lot hairier if you consider what the lack of a physical camera does to the old rules like locks, walls, clothes and unidirectionality of time travel.

SSFWIKI has an article on [[how to protect yourself and others from covert modeling]].

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!colspan="2"|In local language
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!KR92
!KR38
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|{{Revelation/16/15/KR92}}
|{{Revelation/16/15/KR38}}
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!Contexting
!Notes about translations
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|Jesus uses a similar expression to guide the church in [[w:Sardis]] in Rev 3:3
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!Other languages
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== Revelation 17 - The Famous Prostitute (placeholder) ==
== Revelation 18 - The Fall of Babylon (placeholder) ==

== Revelation 19 - Songs of Deliverance ==
=== Revelation 19:1-4 - Rejoicement over the fall of Babylon (placeholder) ===
=== Revelation 19:5-10 - The The Wedding Feast of the Lamb (placeholder) ===
=== Revelation 19:11-21 - The Rider on the White Horse ===

==== Revelation 19:19-21 - The imprisonment of the beast and the false prophet ====

{| border=1
|+
|-
!GNBUK
!KJV
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|{{Revelation/19/19/GNBUK}}
{{Revelation/19/20/GNBUK}}
{{Revelation/19/21/GNBUK}}

|{{Revelation/19/19/KJV}}
{{Revelation/19/20/KJV}}
{{Revelation/19/21/KJV}}
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!colspan="2"|Attempts of explanation and teaching
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"''The beast was taken prisoner, together with the false prophet who had performed miracles in his presence.''" (GNBUK)

Imprisonment of the moving images of the beasts should be done by outlawing the beasts on a UN treaty level and set an AI as described in [[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]] to police the internet and provide early warning system for the affected in case some new video that should not exist pops up.

See [[laws against synthesis and other related crimes]] for some legislative approaches into banning the beasts in various jurisdictions.

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!colspan="2"|In local language
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!KR92
!KR38
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|{{Revelation/19/19/KR92}}
{{Revelation/19/20/KR92}}
{{Revelation/19/21/KR92}}
|{{Revelation/19/19/KR38}}
{{Revelation/19/20/KR38}}
{{Revelation/19/21/KR38}}
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!Contexting
!Notes about translations
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!Other languages
!Further reading
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== Revelation 20 - The Thousand Years (placeholder) ==

== Revelation 21 - The New Heaven and the New Earth (just translations) ==
{|
|+ ''''''
!GNBUK
!KJV
|-
|

1 Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth. The first heaven and the first earth disappeared, and the sea vanished.

2 And I saw the Holy City, the new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared and ready, like a bride dressed to meet her husband.

3 I heard a loud voice speaking from the throne: “Now God's home is with human beings! He will live with them, and they shall be his people. God himself will be with them, and he will be their God.

4 He will wipe away all tears from their eyes. There will be no more death, no more grief or crying or pain. The old things have disappeared.”

5 Then the one who sits on the throne said, “And now I make all things new!” He also said to me, “Write this, because these words are true and can be trusted.”

6 And he said, “It is done! I am the first and the last, the beginning and the end. To anyone who is thirsty I will give the right to drink from the spring of the water of life without paying for it.

7 Those who win the victory will receive this from me: I will be their God, and they will be my children.

8 But cowards, traitors, perverts, murderers, the immoral, those who practise magic, those who worship idols, and all liars — the place for them is the lake burning with fire and sulphur, which is the second death.”

9 One of the seven angels who had the seven bowls full of the seven last plagues came to me and said, “Come, and I will show you the Bride, the wife of the Lamb.”

10 The Spirit took control of me, and the angel carried me to the top of a very high mountain. He showed me Jerusalem, the Holy City, coming down out of heaven from God

11 and shining with the glory of God. The city shone like a precious stone, like a jasper, clear as crystal.

12 It had a great, high wall with twelve gates and with twelve angels in charge of the gates. On the gates were written the names of the twelve tribes of the people of Israel.

13 There were three gates on each side: three on the east, three on the south, three on the north, and three on the west.

14 The city's wall was built on twelve foundation stones, on which were written the names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.

15 The angel who spoke to me had a gold measuring rod to measure the city, its gates, and its wall.

16 The city was perfectly square, as wide as it was long. The angel measured the city with his measuring rod: it was 2,400 kilometres long and was as wide and as high as it was long.

17 The angel also measured the wall, and it was sixty metres high, according to the standard unit of measure which he was using.

18 The wall was made of jasper, and the city itself was made of pure gold, as clear as glass.

19 The foundation stones of the city wall were adorned with all kinds of precious stones. The first foundation stone was jasper, the second sapphire, the third agate, the fourth emerald,

20 the fifth onyx, the sixth carnelian, the seventh yellow quartz, the eighth beryl, the ninth topaz, the tenth chalcedony, the eleventh turquoise, the twelfth amethyst.

21 The twelve gates were twelve pearls; each gate was made from a single pearl. The street of the city was of pure gold, transparent as glass.

22 I did not see a temple in the city, because its temple is the Lord God Almighty and the Lamb.

23 The city has no need of the sun or the moon to shine on it, because the glory of God shines on it, and the Lamb is its lamp.

24 The peoples of the world will walk by its light, and the kings of the earth will bring their wealth into it.

25 The gates of the city will stand open all day; they will never be closed, because there will be no night there.

26 The greatness and the wealth of the nations will be brought into the city.

27 But nothing that is impure will enter the city, nor anyone who does shameful things or tells lies. Only those whose names are written in the Lamb's book of the living will enter the city.

||

1 And I saw a new heaven and a new earth: for the first heaven and the first earth were passed away; and there was no more sea.

2 And I John saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down from God out of heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband.

3 And I heard a great voice out of heaven saying, Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and he will dwell with them, and they shall be his people, and God himself shall be with them, and be their God.

4 And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain: for the former things are passed away.

5 And he that sat upon the throne said, Behold, I make all things new. And he said unto me, Write: for these words are true and faithful.

6 And he said unto me, It is done. I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end. I will give unto him that is athirst of the fountain of the water of life freely.

7 He that overcometh shall inherit all things; and I will be his God, and he shall be my son.

8 But the fearful, and unbelieving, and the abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars, shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: which is the second death.

9 And there came unto me one of the seven angels which had the seven vials full of the seven last plagues, and talked with me, saying, Come hither, I will shew thee the bride, the Lamb's wife.

10 And he carried me away in the spirit to a great and high mountain, and shewed me that great city, the holy Jerusalem, descending out of heaven from God,

11 having the glory of God: and her light was like unto a stone most precious, even like a jasper stone, clear as crystal;

12 and had a wall great and high, and had twelve gates, and at the gates twelve angels, and names written thereon, which are the names of the twelve tribes of the children of Israel:

13 on the east three gates; on the north three gates; on the south three gates; and on the west three gates.

14 And the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and in them the names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.

15 And he that talked with me had a golden reed to measure the city, and the gates thereof, and the wall thereof.

16 And the city lieth foursquare, and the length is as large as the breadth: and he measured the city with the reed, twelve thousand furlongs. The length and the breadth and the height of it are equal.

17 And he measured the wall thereof, an hundred and forty and four cubits, according to the measure of a man, that is, of the angel.

18 And the building of the wall of it was of jasper: and the city was pure gold, like unto clear glass.

19 And the foundations of the wall of the city were garnished with all manner of precious stones. The first foundation was jasper; the second, sapphire; the third, a chalcedony; the fourth, an emerald;

20 the fifth, sardonyx; the sixth, sardius; the seventh, chrysolyte; the eighth, beryl; the ninth, a topaz; the tenth, a chrysoprasus; the eleventh, a jacinth; the twelfth, an amethyst.

21 And the twelve gates were twelve pearls; every several gate was of one pearl: and the street of the city was pure gold, as it were transparent glass.

22 And I saw no temple therein: for the Lord God Almighty and the Lamb are the temple of it.

23 And the city had no need of the sun, neither of the moon, to shine in it: for the glory of God did lighten it, and the Lamb is the light thereof.

24 And the nations of them which are saved shall walk in the light of it: and the kings of the earth do bring their glory and honour into it.

25 And the gates of it shall not be shut at all by day: for there shall be no night there.

26 And they shall bring the glory and honour of the nations into it.

27 And there shall in no wise enter into it any thing that defileth, neither whatsoever worketh abomination, or maketh a lie: but they which are written in the Lamb's book of life.
|-

!KR92
!KR38
|-
||

1 Minä näin uuden taivaan ja uuden maan. Ensimmäinen taivas ja ensimmäinen maa olivat kadonneet, eikä merta ollut enää.

2 Näin, kuinka pyhä kaupunki, uusi Jerusalem, laskeutui taivaasta Jumalan luota juhla-asuisena, niin kuin morsian, joka on kaunistettu sulhasta varten.

3 Ja minä kuulin valtaistuimen luota voimakkaan äänen, joka sanoi: »Katso, Jumalan asuinsija ihmisten keskellä! Hän asuu heidän luonaan, ja heistä tulee hänen kansansa. Jumala itse on heidän luonaan,

4 ja hän pyyhkii heidän silmistään joka ainoan kyyneleen. Kuolemaa ei enää ole, ei murhetta, valitusta eikä vaivaa, sillä kaikki entinen on kadonnut.»

5      Valtaistuimella istuva lausui: »Uudeksi minä teen kaiken.» Hän sanoi: »Kirjoita nämä sanat muistiin. Ne ovat luotettavat ja todet.»

6 Vielä hän sanoi minulle: »Nyt ne ovat käyneet toteen. Minä olen A ja O, alku ja loppu. Sille, jolla on jano, minä annan lahjaksi vettä elämän veden lähteestä.

7 Tämä on voittajan palkinto. Minä olen hänen Jumalansa, ja hän on minun poikani.

8 Mutta pelkurit, luopiot ja iljetysten kumartajat, murhamiehet ja irstailijat, noidat, epäjumalien palvelijat ja kaikki valheen orjat saavat tämän palkan: he joutuvat tuliseen järveen rikinkatkuisten lieskojen keskelle. Tämä on toinen kuolema.»

9 Yksi niistä seitsemästä enkelistä, joilla oli seitsemässä maljassaan seitsemän viimeistä vitsausta, tuli luokseni ja puhui minulle. Hän sanoi: »Tule, minä näytän sinulle morsiamen, Karitsan vaimon.»

10 Henki valtasi minut, ja enkeli vei minut suurelle ja korkealle vuorelle ja näytti minulle pyhän kaupungin, Jerusalemin, joka laskeutui taivaasta, Jumalan luota.

11 Se loisti Jumalan kirkkautta, se säihkyi kuin kallein jalokivi, kuin kristallinkirkas jaspis.

12 Sitä ympäröi suuri ja korkea muuri, jossa oli kaksitoista porttia, ja niitä vartioi kaksitoista enkeliä. Portteihin oli hakattu Israelin kahdentoista heimon nimet.

13 Idän puolella oli kolme porttia, pohjoisessa kolme, etelässä kolme ja lännessä kolme porttia.

14 Kaupungin muurissa oli kaksitoista peruskiveä, ja niissä oli kaksitoista nimeä, Karitsan kahdentoista apostolin nimet.

15      Enkelillä, joka minulle puhui, oli kultainen mittakeppi kaupungin sekä sen porttien ja muurin mittaamista varten.

16 Kaupunki oli neliön muotoinen, yhtä leveä kuin pitkä. Enkeli mittasi kaupungin kepillään ja sai tulokseksi kaksitoistatuhatta stadionmittaa ; pituus, leveys ja korkeus olivat kaikki tämänsuuruiset.

17 Hän mittasi myös muurin, ja se oli sataneljäkymmentäneljä kyynärää – enkeli käytti siinä ihmismittaa.

18 Muuri oli rakennettu jaspiskivestä, ja kaupunki oli kimmeltävää, lasinkirkasta kultaa.

19 Kaupunginmuurin perustukset oli kaunistettu kaikenlaisilla kalliilla kivillä. Ensimmäisenä peruskivenä oli jaspis, toisena safiiri, kolmantena kalsedoni, neljäntenä smaragdi,

20 viidentenä sardonyksi, kuudentena karneoli, seitsemäntenä krysoliitti, kahdeksantena berylli, yhdeksäntenä topaasi, kymmenentenä krysopraasi, yhdentenätoista hyasinttikivi ja kahdentenatoista ametisti.

21 Porttitorneina oli kaksitoista helmeä – kukin kahdestatoista tornista oli tehty yhdestä helmestä. Kaupungin valtakatu oli kultaa, puhdasta kuin läpinäkyvä lasi.

22      Temppeliä en kaupungissa nähnyt, sillä sen temppelinä on Herra Jumala, Kaikkivaltias, hän ja Karitsa.

23 Kaupunki ei myöskään tarvitse valokseen aurinkoa eikä kuuta, sillä Jumalan kirkkaus valaisee sen, ja sen lamppuna on Karitsa.

24 Kansat kulkevat sen valossa, ja maailman kuninkaat tuovat sinne mahtinsa kaiken loiston.

25 Sen portteja ei suljeta päiväsaikaan, ja yötä siellä ei olekaan.

26 Kaikki kansojen kalleudet ja ihanuudet tuodaan sinne.

27 Mitään epäpuhdasta ei sinne päästetä, ei ainoatakaan iljettävän valheen palvelijaa, vaan ainoastaan ne, joiden nimet on kirjoitettu Karitsan elämänkirjaan.

||
1 Ja minä näin uuden taivaan ja uuden maan; sillä ensimmäinen taivas ja ensimmäinen maa ovat kadonneet, eikä merta enää ole.

2 Ja pyhän kaupungin, uuden Jerusalemin, minä näin laskeutuvan alas taivaasta Jumalan tyköä, valmistettuna niinkuin morsian, miehellensä kaunistettu.

3 Ja minä kuulin suuren äänen valtaistuimelta sanovan: "Katso, Jumalan maja ihmisten keskellä! Ja hän on asuva heidän keskellänsä, ja he ovat hänen kansansa, ja Jumala itse on oleva heidän kanssaan, heidän Jumalansa;

4 ja hän on pyyhkivä pois kaikki kyyneleet heidän silmistänsä, eikä kuolemaa ole enää oleva, eikä murhetta eikä parkua eikä kipua ole enää oleva, sillä kaikki entinen on mennyt."

5      Ja valtaistuimella istuva sanoi: "Katso, uudeksi minä teen kaikki". Ja hän sanoi: "Kirjoita, sillä nämä sanat ovat vakaat ja todet".

6 Ja hän sanoi minulle: "Se on tapahtunut. Minä olen A ja O, alku ja loppu. Minä annan janoavalle elämän veden lähteestä lahjaksi.

7 Joka voittaa, on tämän perivä, ja minä olen oleva hänen Jumalansa, ja hän on oleva minun poikani.

8 Mutta pelkurien ja epäuskoisten ja saastaisten ja murhaajien ja huorintekijäin ja velhojen ja epäjumalanpalvelijain ja kaikkien valhettelijain osa on oleva siinä järvessä, joka tulta ja tulikiveä palaa; tämä on toinen kuolema."

9 Ja tuli yksi niistä seitsemästä enkelistä, joilla oli ne seitsemän maljaa täynnä seitsemää viimeistä vitsausta, ja puhui minun kanssani sanoen: "Tule tänne, minä näytän sinulle morsiamen, Karitsan vaimon".

10 Ja hän vei minut hengessä suurelle ja korkealle vuorelle ja näytti minulle pyhän kaupungin, Jerusalemin, joka laskeutui alas taivaasta Jumalan tyköä,

11 ja siinä oli Jumalan kirkkaus; sen hohto oli kaikkein kalleimman kiven kaltainen, niinkuin kristallinkirkas jaspiskivi;

12 siinä oli suuri ja korkea muuri, jossa oli kaksitoista porttia ja porteilla kaksitoista enkeliä, ja niihin oli kirjoitettu nimiä, ja ne ovat Israelin lasten kahdentoista sukukunnan nimet;

13 idässä kolme porttia ja pohjoisessa kolme porttia ja etelässä kolme porttia ja lännessä kolme porttia.

14 Ja kaupungin muurilla oli kaksitoista perustusta, ja niissä Karitsan kahdentoista apostolin kaksitoista nimeä.

15      Ja sillä, joka minulle puhui, oli mittasauvana kultainen ruoko, mitatakseen kaupungin ja sen portit ja sen muurin.

16 Ja kaupunki oli neliskulmainen, ja sen pituus oli yhtä suuri kuin sen leveys. Ja hän mittasi sillä ruovolla kaupungin: se oli kaksitoista tuhatta vakomittaa. Sen pituus ja leveys ja korkeus olivat yhtä suuret.

17 Ja hän mittasi sen muurin: se oli sata neljäkymmentä neljä kyynärää, ihmismitan mukaan, joka on enkelin mitta.

18 Ja sen muuri oli rakennettu jaspiksesta, ja kaupunki oli puhdasta kultaa, puhtaan lasin kaltaista.

19 Ja kaupungin muurin perustukset olivat kaunistetut kaikkinaisilla kalleilla kivillä; ensimmäinen perustus oli jaspis, toinen safiiri, kolmas kalkedon, neljäs smaragdi,

20 viides sardonyks, kuudes sardion, seitsemäs krysoliitti, kahdeksas berylli, yhdeksäs topaasi, kymmenes krysoprasi, yhdestoista hyasintti, kahdestoista ametisti.

21 Ja ne kaksitoista porttia olivat kaksitoista helmeä; kukin portti oli yhdestä helmestä; ja kaupungin katu oli puhdasta kultaa, ikäänkuin läpikuultavaa lasia.

22      Mutta temppeliä minä en siinä nähnyt; sillä Herra Jumala, Kaikkivaltias, on sen temppeli, ja Karitsa.

23 Eikä kaupunki tarvitse valoksensa aurinkoa eikä kuuta; sillä Jumalan kirkkaus valaisee sen, ja sen lamppu on Karitsa.

24 Ja kansat tulevat vaeltamaan sen valkeudessa, ja maan kuninkaat vievät sinne kunniansa.

25 Eikä sen portteja suljeta päivällä, ja yötä ei siellä ole,

26 ja sinne viedään kansojen kunnia ja kalleudet.

27 Eikä sinne ole pääsevä mitään epäpyhää eikä ketään kauhistusten tekijää eikä valhettelijaa, vaan ainoastaan ne, jotka ovat kirjoitetut Karitsan elämänkirjaan.

|}

== Revelation 22 (just translations) ==

* 22:1-5 In New Jerusalem the river of the water of life flows and the thrones of God and the Lamb are there
* 22:6-7 The words of this testimony are assured to be true
* 22:8-9 John is warned against bowing the angel
* 22:10-17 John is warned against concealing these words of prophecy
* 22:18-21 Warning against forging the words of this book, statement of a final promise and final greetings<ref>Translated from Finnish Bible KR38 summary</ref>
{|
|+ '''Revelation 22'''
!GNBUK
!KJV
|-
|
1 The angel also showed me the river of the water of life, sparkling like crystal, and coming from the throne of God and of the Lamb

2 and flowing down the middle of the city's street. On each side of the river was the tree of life, which bears fruit twelve times a year, once each month; and its leaves are for the healing of the nations.

3 Nothing that is under God's curse will be found in the city.

The throne of God and of the Lamb will be in the city, and his servants will worship him.

4 They will see his face, and his name will be written on their foreheads.

5 There shall be no more night, and they will not need lamps or sunlight, because the Lord God will be their light, and they will rule as kings for ever and ever.
The Coming of Jesus

6 Then the angel said to me, “These words are true and can be trusted. And the Lord God, who gives his Spirit to the prophets, has sent his angel to show his servants what must happen very soon.”

7 “Listen!” says Jesus. “I am coming soon! Happy are those who obey the prophetic words in this book!”

8 I, John, have heard and seen all these things. And when I finished hearing and seeing them, I fell down at the feet of the angel who had shown me these things, and I was about to worship him.

9 But he said to me, “Don't do it! I am a servant together with you and with your brothers the prophets and with all those who obey the words in this book. Worship God!”

10 And he said to me, “Do not keep the prophetic words of this book a secret, because the time is near when all this will happen.

11 Whoever is evil must go on doing evil, and whoever is filthy must go on being filthy; whoever is good must go on doing good, and whoever is holy must go on being holy.”

12 “Listen!” says Jesus. “I am coming soon! I will bring my rewards with me, to give to each one according to what he has done.

13 I am the first and the last, the beginning and the end.”

14 Happy are those who wash their robes clean and so have the right to eat the fruit from the tree of life and to go through the gates into the city.

15 But outside the city are the perverts and those who practise magic, the immoral and the murderers, those who worship idols and those who are liars both in words and deeds.

16 “I, Jesus, have sent my angel to announce these things to you in the churches. I am descended from the family of David; I am the bright morning star.”

17 The Spirit and the Bride say, “Come!”

Everyone who hears this must also say, “Come!”

Come, whoever is thirsty; accept the water of life as a gift, whoever wants it.

18 I, John, solemnly warn everyone who hears the prophetic words of this book: if anyone adds anything to them, God will add to his or her punishment the plagues described in this book.

19 And if anyone takes anything away from the prophetic words of this book, God will take away from them their share of the fruit of the tree of life and of the Holy City, which are described in this book.

20 He who gives his testimony to all this says, “Yes indeed! I am coming soon!”

So be it. Come, Lord Jesus!

21 May the grace of the Lord Jesus be with everyone.

||

1 And he shewed me a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb.

2 In the midst of the street of it, and on either side of the river, was there the tree of life, which bare twelve manner of fruits, and yielded her fruit every month: and the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations.

3 And there shall be no more curse: but the throne of God and of the Lamb shall be in it; and his servants shall serve him:

4 and they shall see his face; and his name shall be in their foreheads.

5 And there shall be no night there; and they need no candle, neither light of the sun; for the Lord God giveth them light: and they shall reign for ever and ever.

6 And he said unto me, These sayings are faithful and true: and the Lord God of the holy prophets sent his angel to shew unto his servants the things which must shortly be done.

7 Behold, I come quickly: blessed is he that keepeth the sayings of the prophecy of this book.

8 And I John saw these things, and heard them. And when I had heard and seen, I fell down to worship before the feet of the angel which shewed me these things.

9 Then saith he unto me, See thou do it not: for I am thy fellowservant, and of thy brethren the prophets, and of them which keep the sayings of this book: worship God.

10 And he saith unto me, Seal not the sayings of the prophecy of this book: for the time is at hand.

11 He that is unjust, let him be unjust still: and he which is filthy, let him be filthy still: and he that is righteous, let him be righteous still: and he that is holy, let him be holy still.

12 And, behold, I come quickly; and my reward is with me, to give every man according as his work shall be.

13 I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last.

14 Blessed are they that do his commandments, that they may have right to the tree of life, and may enter in through the gates into the city.

15 For without are dogs, and sorcerers, and whoremongers, and murderers, and idolaters, and whosoever loveth and maketh a lie.

16 I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify unto you these things in the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, and the bright and morning star.

17 And the Spirit and the bride say, Come. And let him that heareth say, Come. And let him that is athirst come. And whosoever will, let him take the water of life freely.

18 For I testify unto every man that heareth the words of the prophecy of this book, If any man shall add unto these things, God shall add unto him the plagues that are written in this book:

19 and if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part out of the book of life, and out of the holy city, and from the things which are written in this book.

20 He which testifieth these things saith, Surely I come quickly. Amen. Even so, come, Lord Jesus.

21 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen.

|-
!KR92
!KR38
|-
||

1 Enkeli näytti minulle elämän veden virran, joka kristallinkirkkaana kumpuaa Jumalan ja Karitsan valtaistuimesta.

2 Kaupungin valtakadulla, virran haarojen keskellä kasvoi elämän puu. Puu antaa vuodessa kahdettoista hedelmät, uuden sadon kerran kuukaudessa, ja sen lehdistä kansat saavat terveyden.

3 Mikään ei enää ole kirouksen kahleissa. Kaupungissa on Jumalan ja Karitsan valtaistuin, ja kaikki palvelevat Jumalaa.

4 He saavat nähdä hänen kasvonsa, ja heidän otsassaan on hänen nimensä.

5 Yötä ei enää ole, eivätkä he tarvitse lampun tai auringon valoa, sillä Herra Jumala on heidän valonsa. He hallitsevat kuninkaina aina ja ikuisesti.

6 Minulle sanottiin: »Nämä sanat ovat luotettavat ja todet. Herra Jumala, joka antaa Henkensä profeetoille, on lähettänyt enkelinsä näyttämään palvelijoilleen, mitä pian on tapahtuva.

7 Minä tulen pian. Autuas se, joka ottaa varteen tämän kirjan ennussanat.»

8     Minä, Johannes, olen kaiken tämän kuullut ja nähnyt. Kuultuani ja nähtyäni sen minä heittäydyin kasvoilleni kumartaakseni enkeliä, joka oli sen minulle näyttänyt.

9 Mutta hän sanoi: »Älä tee niin! Minä olen vain Jumalan palvelija, niin kuin sinä ja profeetat, sinun veljesi, ja kaikki ne, jotka ottavat varteen tämän kirjan sanat. Jumalaa sinun tulee kumartaa!»
10     Sitten minulle sanottiin:
    »Älä sulje sinetillä tämän kirjan ennussanoja, sillä hetki on lähellä. 11 Jumalaton eläköön yhä jumalattomasti, saastainen rypeköön saastassaan, vanhurskas harjoittakoon vanhurskautta ja pyhä edetköön pyhyyden tiellä.

12     »Minä tulen pian, ja tullessani minä tuon jokaiselle palkan, maksan kullekin hänen tekojensa mukaan. 13 Minä olen A ja O, ensimmäinen ja viimeinen, alku ja loppu.

14     »Autuaita ne, jotka pesevät vaatteensa: he pääsevät syömään elämän puusta ja saavat mennä porteista sisälle kaupunkiin.

15 Ulkopuolelle jäävät koirat ja noidat, irstailijat, murhaajat ja epäjumalien palvelijat ja kaikki, jotka rakastavat valhetta ja noudattavat sitä.

16     »Minä, Jeesus, olen lähettänyt enkelin luoksenne, jotta seurakunnat saisivat tämän todistuksen. Minä olen Daavidin juuriverso ja suku, kirkas aamutähti.»

17     Henki ja morsian sanovat: »Tule!» Joka tämän kuulee, sanokoon: »Tule!» Joka on janoissaan, tulkoon. Joka haluaa, saa lahjaksi elämän vettä.

18     Jokaiselle, joka kuulee tämän kirjan ennussanat, minä vakuutan: Jos joku panee niihin jotakin lisää, panee Jumala hänen kärsittävikseen ne vitsaukset, joista tässä kirjassa on kerrottu. 19 Jos joku ottaa pois jotakin tämän ennustusten kirjan sanoista, ottaa Jumala pois hänen osallisuutensa elämän puuhun ja pyhään kaupunkiin, joista tässä kirjassa on kerrottu.
20     Hän, joka todistaa tämän, sanoo: »Tämä on tosi, minä tulen pian.» Aamen. Tule, Herra Jeesus!

21     Herran Jeesuksen armo olkoon kaikkien kanssa.

||

1 Ja hän näytti minulle elämän veden virran, joka kirkkaana kuin kristalli juoksi Jumalan ja Karitsan valtaistuimesta.

2 Keskellä sen katua ja virran molemmilla puolilla oli elämän puu, joka kantoi kahdettoista hedelmät, antaen joka kuukausi hedelmänsä, ja puun lehdet ovat kansojen tervehtymiseksi.

3 Eikä mitään kirousta ole enää oleva. Ja Jumalan ja Karitsan valtaistuin on siellä oleva, ja hänen palvelijansa palvelevat häntä

4 ja näkevät hänen kasvonsa, ja hänen nimensä on heidän otsissansa.

5 Eikä yötä ole enää oleva, eivätkä he tarvitse lampun valoa eikä auringon valoa, sillä Herra Jumala on valaiseva heitä, ja he hallitsevat aina ja iankaikkisesti.

6 Ja hän sanoi minulle: "Nämä sanat ovat vakaat ja todet, ja Herra, profeettain henkien Jumala, on lähettänyt enkelinsä näyttämään palvelijoilleen, mitä pian tapahtuman pitää.

7 Ja katso, minä tulen pian. Autuas se, joka ottaa tämän kirjan ennustuksen sanoista vaarin!"

8     Ja minä, Johannes, olen se, joka tämän kuulin ja näin. Ja kun olin sen kuullut ja nähnyt, minä lankesin maahan kumartuakseni sen enkelin jalkojen eteen, joka tämän minulle näytti.

9 Ja hän sanoi minulle: "Varo, ettet sitä tee; minä olen sinun ja sinun veljiesi, profeettain, kanssapalvelija, ja niiden, jotka ottavat tämän kirjan sanoista vaarin; kumartaen rukoile Jumalaa".

10     Ja hän sanoi minulle: "Älä lukitse tämän kirjan profetian sanoja; sillä aika on lähellä.

11 Vääryyden tekijä tehköön edelleen vääryyttä, ja joka on saastainen, saastukoon edelleen, ja joka on vanhurskas, tehköön edelleen vanhurskautta, ja joka on pyhä, pyhittyköön edelleen.

12     Katso, minä tulen pian, ja minun palkkani on minun kanssani, antaakseni kullekin hänen tekojensa mukaan.

13 Minä olen A ja O, ensimmäinen ja viimeinen, alku ja loppu.

14      Autuaat ne, jotka pesevät vaatteensa, että heillä olisi valta syödä elämän puusta ja he pääsisivät porteista sisälle kaupunkiin!

15 Ulkopuolella ovat koirat ja velhot ja huorintekijät ja murhaajat ja epäjumalanpalvelijat ja kaikki, jotka valhetta rakastavat ja tekevät.

16      Minä, Jeesus, lähetin enkelini todistamaan näitä teille seurakunnissa. Minä olen Daavidin juurivesa ja hänen suvustansa, se kirkas kointähti."

17      Ja Henki ja morsian sanovat: "Tule!" Ja joka kuulee, sanokoon: "Tule!" Ja joka janoaa, tulkoon, ja joka tahtoo, ottakoon elämän vettä lahjaksi.

18      Minä todistan jokaiselle, joka tämän kirjan profetian sanat kuulee: Jos joku panee niihin jotakin lisää, niin Jumala on paneva hänen päällensä ne vitsaukset, jotka ovat kirjoitetut tähän kirjaan;

19 ja jos joku ottaa pois jotakin tämän profetian kirjan sanoista, niin Jumala on ottava pois sen osan, mikä hänellä on elämän puuhun ja pyhään kaupunkiin, joista tässä kirjassa on kirjoitettu.

20      Hän, joka näitä todistaa, sanoo: "Totisesti, minä tulen pian". Amen, tule, Herra Jeesus!

21      Herran Jeesuksen armo olkoon kaikkien kanssa. Amen.

|}

<pre> End of the Book of Revelation </pre>

----

= Other passages that may be related =

== Mark 13 ==
=== Mark 13:14-16 ===

'''Jesus''' speaks of the abomination of desolation.

{|
|+ '''Mark 13:14-16'''
!GNBUK
!KJV
|-
|

14 But when ye shall see the abomination of desolation, spoken of by Daniel the prophet, standing where it ought not, (let him that readeth understand,) then let them that be in Judæa flee to the mountains:

15 and let him that is on the housetop not go down into the house, neither enter therein, to take any thing out of his house:

16 and let him that is in the field not turn back again for to take up his garment.

||

14 “You will see ‘The Awful Horror’ standing in the place where he should not be.” (Note to the reader: be sure to understand what this means!) “Then those who are in Judea must run away to the hills.

15 Someone who is on the roof of his house must not lose time by going down into the house to get anything to take with him.

16 Someone who is in the field must not go back to the house for his cloak.

|-
!KR92
!KR38
|-
||

14 »Kun te näette turmion iljetyksen seisovan paikassa, jossa se ei saisi olla – huomatkoon lukija tämän! – silloin on kaikkien Juudeassa asuvien paettava vuorille.

15 Sen, joka on katolla, ei pidä mennä alas taloonsa mitään hakemaan,

16 eikä sen, joka on pellolla, pidä palata noutamaan viittaansa.

||

14 Mutta kun näette hävityksen kauhistuksen seisovan siinä, missä ei tulisi — joka tämän lukee, se tarkatkoon — silloin ne, jotka Juudeassa ovat, paetkoot vuorille;

15 joka on katolla, älköön astuko alas älköönkä menkö sisään noutamaan mitään huoneestansa;

16 ja joka on mennyt pellolle, älköön palatko takaisin noutamaan vaippaansa.

|}

----
'''Huh?'''

At first you start to wonder what good will running to the mountains of Judea do, but at the mountains you are more likely to meet others who also noticed that the abomination of desolation is standing where it ought not be. Those that didn't go to the mountains are more likely to be digitally delusional, you're better off at the nearest mountain than with those people. Look for the people who were at the mountains when synthetic pornography started, they may have information that helps. They believe in the Lord Jesus Christ and have an eye for "that's not an image of a human".

== 2 Thessalonians ==
This letter is attributed to Apostle Paul, Silvanus and Timoteus. Some sources say this could be [[w:Pseudepigrapha|as pseudepigrapha]].

The 2 Thessalonians letter was sent to the Thessalonian Church from Athens to congratulate them on doing a good job and advice them on things.

In [[#2 Thessalonians 2]] the writer is spot on what Jesus was teaching against in [[#Mark 13]]

=== 2 Thessalonians 2 ===

==== 2 Thessalonians 2:3-4 ====

{|
|+ '''2 Thessalonians 2:3-4'''
!GNBUK
!KJV
|-
|
3 Do not let anyone deceive you in any way. For the Day will not come until the final Rebellion takes place and the Wicked One appears, who is destined for hell.

4 He will oppose every so-called god or object of worship and will put himself above them all. He will even go in and sit down in God's Temple and claim to be God.
||
3 Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition;

4 who opposeth and exalteth himself above all that is called God, or that is worshipped; so that he as God sitteth in the temple of God, shewing himself that he is God.
|-
!KR92
!KR38
|-
||
3 Älkää antako kenenkään millään tavoin johtaa itseänne harhaan. Ennen tuota päivää näet tapahtuu uskosta luopuminen ja ilmaantuu itse laittomuus ihmishahmossa, kadotuksen ihminen.

4 Hän, Vastustaja, korottaa itsensä kaiken jumalana pidetyn yläpuolelle, asettuu itse istumaan Jumalan temppeliin ja julistaa olevansa Jumala.
||
3 Älkää antako kenenkään vietellä itseänne millään tavalla. Sillä se päivä ei tule, ennenkuin luopumus ensin tapahtuu ja laittomuuden ihminen ilmestyy, kadotuksen lapsi,

4 tuo vastustaja, joka korottaa itsensä yli kaiken, mitä jumalaksi tai jumaloitavaksi kutsutaan, niin että hän asettuu Jumalan temppeliin ja julistaa olevansa Jumala.
|}

----

= Voice-thieving technology =
''' History primer '''

In late '''2016''' the ability to speak was given to the (images of the) beasts with the introduction of the digital sound-alikes (or alternatively ''sound-like-anyone systems'') disinformation weapons technology with the demonstrations of the digital sound-alikes disinformation weapons technology by non-criminals. The systems introduced in 2016 [[w:Adobe Voco]] and [[w:WaveNet]] haven't been released to the public to date, at least in such a form that they could be abused. We can thank [[w:Adobe Inc.]] and [[w:DeepMind]] respectively for the heads up.

== Voice thieving AI system by Google Research 2018 ==
{{#lst:Synthetic human-like fakes|GoogleTransferLearning2018}}

== Criminal use of voice-thieving technology in March 2019 ==
By '''2019''' the technology had found its way to '''criminal hands''' and as far as I know the first documented criminal uses of the sound-like-anyone technology were in 2019, though those were not attacks on people, but just fraud for monetary gain. Of the 2019 cases the most is known about [[Synthetic human-like fakes#2019 digital sound-alike enabled fraud|a '''digital sound-alike enabled fraud case that took place in March 2019''']].

In [[Synthetic human-like fakes#2020 digital sound-alike fraud attempt|2020 a fraud was attempted, but failed]]. [[Synthetic human-like fakes#2021 digital sound-alike enabled fraud|2021 saw the biggest digital sound-alike enabled fraud to date]].

== What to do? ==

Possible legal response could be [[Law proposals#Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice|to ban unauthorized modeling of other people's voices without permission]], but this would be difficult to police.

== Just 42 months, huh? ==

Many things in [[#Revelation 13|Revelation 13]] happened already sometime ago. The '''end''' of the '''42 months''' that the '''[[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital sound-alikes|digital sound-alikes]]''' from the '''sound-like-anyone machine''' blaspheme is not yet one of these, so please someone somewhere needs to come up with a technological or other countermeasure against the digital sound-alikes.

== Indeed only 42 months! ==
I thought the 42 months started when the sound-like-anyone technology is used criminally, but was unsure if from fraud or from more profane crimes, but then on Tuesday 20 September 2022 the [[w:University of Florida]] scientists published their popular text on their genius approach to hunting down the fake human-like voices they had presented to peers at the 31st USENIX Security Symposium sometime on 10-12th August 2022.

== Reaction to [[Detecting deep-fake audio through vocal tract reconstruction]] ==
{{#lst:Detecting deep-fake audio through vocal tract reconstruction|reaction}}

'''Go give these organizations some love for making this science happen'''
{{#lst:Detecting deep-fake audio through vocal tract reconstruction|external-links}}

= Events of Revelation 13 - antidote to sound-like-anyone technology found from University of Florida in late 2022 =

The question regarding sound-like-anyone technology was "''How to to stop/muffle/bell those in 42 months?''" and '''2022''' saw a brilliant '''<font color="green">counter-measure</font>''' presented to peers at the 31st [[w:USENIX]] Security Symposium 10-12 August 2022 by [[w:University of Florida]] scientists on and is titled

<big>'''[[Detecting deep-fake audio through vocal tract reconstruction]]'''</big>

'''Below transcluded [[Detecting deep-fake audio through vocal tract reconstruction|from the article]]'''

{{#lst:Detecting deep-fake audio through vocal tract reconstruction|what-is-it}}{{#lst:Detecting deep-fake audio through vocal tract reconstruction|original-reporting}}

This new counter-measure needs to be rolled out to humans to protect humans against the fake human-like voices.

{{#lst:Detecting deep-fake audio through vocal tract reconstruction|embed}}

----

= Ending words =
The subject of '''weaponized synthetic pornography''' and the cultural diseases that arise from it must be brought up to be brought down as these are the core of the beast problems since the mid-00's.

This commentary was written by the founder of the SSFWIKI Mr. [[User:Juho Kunsola|Juho Kunsola]] on how the events in Revelation 13 match our contemporary world. I have been contemplating on the subject of synthetic human-like fakes and their relation to the Revelations since 2003. Read [[User:Juho Kunsola|my userpage]] if you care for how my life has been hurt by these zero-gram beasts.

----
= About this article =
== Purpose statement of this article ==

This written information is ultimately for the purpose of '''exposing''' the '''beasts of Revelations''' and '''what those do''' i.e. '''[[synthetic human-like fakes|deceive being humans]]''' in faked visual footage and/or audio, pre-recorded or real-time.

----

== How is this organized? ==
* By book
** By chapter
*** Verses have been grouped together as it seemed best for trying to explain them
***# First are shown '''[[w:Good News Bible]]''' ('''GNBUK''') (1966) and '''[[w:King James Version]]''' ('''KJV''') (1611)
***# Then the attempt(s) at explaining the verses
***# After the explanation there are The Finnish language''' '''[[w:fi:Pyhä Raamattu|'''Vanha kirkkoraamattu''' ('''KR38''')]] (1938) and '''[[w:fi:Uusi kirkkoraamattu|Uusi kirkkoraamattu (KR92)]]''' (1992) as I was reading the Finnish language Bibles way before I looked at the Book of Revelation in any other language.

== How was this text written ==

I originally set out to explain what I had noticed about [[#Revelation 13]] starting from 2003. To aid me in this I did little a research by lending books from the [https://www.helmet.fi/en-US Helsinki Metropolitan Area library system helmet.fi], basically books that came up with a search for the [[#Book of Revelation]] there. [[#Daniel 7]] was probably the most frequently referred chapter in there, so I read Daniel 7 and then I read the whole book of Daniel (what a thriller) and it seemed very likely that these was at least partially about the same things as the Book of Revelation.

----
== For the earthly account ==
<section begin=earthly-account />

See '''[[synthetic human-like fakes]]''' i.e. [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|digital look-alikes]] and [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital sound-alikes|digital sound-alikes]], '''[[synthetic human-like fakes#Timeline of synthetic human-like fakes|timeline of synthetic human-like fakes]]''', see '''[[Laws against synthesis and other related crimes]]''' for information on the legal front against the filthy beasts, see [[organizations and events against synthetic human-like fakes]] and what [[help against appearance and voice theft]] there is for the victims of synthetic filth. See the '''[[Mediatheque]]''' for viewing media that is to do with, or is commentary / wake-up-call on the historical development towards the beasts.<section end=earthly-account />

----
= Copyright and copyleft declarations =

All original content on the [[SSF:About|Stop Synthetic Filth! wiki]] is licensed under '''[[w:copyleft|copyleft]]''' '''[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ CC BY-SA 4.0]''' '''except''' excerpts from bible translations:

* The English '''[[w:Good News Bible]]''' (''GNBUK'') is copyright '''1966''' of [[w:American Bible Society]], USA. [https://americanbible.org/ (Official website AmericanBible.org)]

* The English '''[[w:King James Version]]''' ('''KJV''') ('''1611''') is [[w:Public domain|PD]] under most jurisdictions

* The [[w:Finnish languge|w:Finnish]]''' [[w:Kirkkoraamattu|Kirkkoraamattu]]''' ('''KR38'''), '''[[w:fi:Pyhä Raamattu|Vanha kirkkoraamattu (KR38)]]''' and

* The Finnish '''[[w:fi:Uusi kirkkoraamattu|Uusi kirkkoraamattu (KR92)]]''' ('''KR92'''), are copyright '''1938''' and '''1992''' of [[w:fi:Kirkon keskusrahasto]], an organization of the [[w:Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland]] ([[w:fi:Suomen evankelis-luterilainen kirkko]]), Finland. [https://evl.fi/frontpage (Official website evl.fi)]

'''and'''

* Licensing for [[w:copyleft]] images from [[mw:InstantCommons]] are as defined in the file description page on the [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikimedia Commons].

Translations at the time of the writing of this kindly borrowed from '''[https://raamattu.fi/ Raamattu.fi]''', a bible access service jointly by [https://www.piplia.fi/ Suomen Pipliaseura] and [https://evl.fi/frontpage Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland]

At Raamattu.fi you can, with a free (of charge) account, put as many translations side-by-side as you have space for. [[w:fi:Raamattu|fi:Raamattu]] is Bible in Finnish.

There is no intention to rip off anyone's copyrights, but just give the reader the ability to view the translations on which the explanations are based on.

= Bibles =
You can find links to various translations into various languages in '''[[Bibles and churches]]'''

''' Links to Wikimedia Foundation wikis '''
* '''[[w:List of Bible translations by language]]'''. See [[w:Category:Lists of Bible versions and translations]] for other lists
* '''[[w:Category:Bible translations by language]]'''
* [[commons:Category:Bibles by language|Wikimedia ''''''Commons'''''' category ''''''Bibles by language'''''']] is a good source listing translations in existence.
* [[w:Category:Bible societies]]
* [[wikisource:en:Bible|English ''''''Wikisource'''''' on ''''''Bible'''''']] contains 17 translations, mostly in English including the ongoing [[wikisource:en:Wikisource:WikiProject Wiki Bible|''''''WikiProject Wiki Bible'''''']] (licensed into PD) at ''''''[[wikisource:en:Translation:Bible]]''''''
----
= Wikipedia definitions and links =

== Definitions from Wikipedia ==

{{Q|The '''[[w:Old Testament|Old Testament]]''' (abbreviated '''OT''') is the first part of the [[w:Christian biblical canons|Christian biblical canon]], which is based primarily upon the twenty-four books of the [[w:Hebrew Bible]] (or Tanakh), a collection of ancient religious Hebrew writings by the [[w:Israelites]] believed by most Christians and religious Jews to be the sacred [[w:Authorship of the Bible|Word of God]].|Wikipedia|[[w:Old Testament|Old Testament]]}}

{{Q|The '''[[w:New Testament|New Testament]]''' ([[w:Greek language|Greek]] Ἡ Καινὴ Διαθήκη, [[w:translitteration|translitteration]] Hē Kainḕ Diathḗkē; [[w:Latin|Latin]] Novum Testamentum) is the second part of the [[w:Christian biblical canons|Christian biblical canon]], the first being the [[w:Old Testament|Old Testament]]. The New Testament discusses the teachings and person of [[w:Jesus in Christianity|Jesus]], as well as events in [[w:Christianity in the 1st century|first-century Christianity]]. Christians regard both the Old and New Testaments together as [[w:Religious text|sacred scripture]].|Wikipedia|the [[w:New Testament|New Testament]]}}

{{Q|The '''[[w:Book of Daniel|Book of Daniel]]''' is a 2nd-century BC biblical [[w:apocalypse|apocalypse]] combining a prophecy of history with an [[w:eschatology|eschatology]] (a portrayal of end times). It is "an account of the activities and visions of [[w:Daniel (biblical figure)|Daniel]], a noble [[w:Jews|Jew]] in [[w:Babylonian captivity|Babylonian captivity]]|Wikipedia|[[w:Book of Daniel|the Book of Daniel (adapted)]]}}

{{Q|'''Daniel 7''' (the seventh chapter of the [[w:Book of Daniel|Book of Daniel]]) tells of [[w:Daniel (biblical figure)|Daniel]]'s vision of four world-kingdoms replaced by the [[w:Kingship and kingdom of God|kingdom of God]]. [[w:Four kingdoms of Daniel|Four beasts]] come out of the sea, the [[w:Ancient of Days|Ancient of Days]] sits in judgement over them, and "one like a [[w:son of man|son of man]]" is given eternal kingship. An angelic guide interprets the beasts as kingdoms and kings, the last of whom will make war on the "holy ones" of God, but he will be destroyed and the "holy ones" will be given eternal dominion and power.|Wikipedia|[[w:Daniel 7|Daniel 7]]}}

{{Q|The '''[[w:Book of Revelation|Book of Revelation]]''' (often called the '''Revelation to John''', '''Apocalypse of John''', the '''Revelation from Jesus Christ''' (from its opening words), the '''[[w:Apocalypse|Apocalypse]]''', '''The Revelation''', or simply '''Revelation''') is the final book of the [[w:New Testament|New Testament]], and consequently is also the final book of the [[w:Christian Bible|Christian Bible]]. Its title is derived from the [[w:Incipit|first word]] of the [[w:Koine Greek|Koine Greek]] text: ''apokalypsis'', meaning "unveiling" or "revelation" (before title pages and titles, books were commonly known by their incipit (first words)). The Book of Revelation is the only [[w:Apocalyptic literature|apocalyptic document]] in the New Testament [[w:Biblical canon|canon]] (although there are short apocalyptic passages in various places in [[w:the Gospels|the Gospels]] and the [[w:Epistles|Epistles]], and an extended apocalyptic passage in the [[w:Book of Daniel|Book of Daniel]] in the [[w:Old Testament|Old Testament]]).|Wikipedia|[[w:Book of Revelation|Book of Revelation]]}}

{{Q|The '''authorship of the [[w:Johannine literature|Johannine works]]'''—the [[w:Gospel of John|Gospel of John]], [[w:Epistles of John|Epistles of John]], and the [[w:Book of Revelation|Book of Revelation]]—has been debated by [[w:Biblical criticism|scholars]] since at least the 2nd century AD.|Wikipedia|[[w:Authorship of the Johannine works|Authorship of the Johannine works]]}}

{{Q|'''[[w:Apocalyptic literature|Apocalyptic literature]]''' is a [[w:Literary genre|genre]] of [[w:prophecy|prophetical]] writing that developed in post-[[w:Galut|Exilic]] [[w:Judaism|Jewish]] culture and was popular among [[w:millennialism|millennialist]] [[w:early Christians]].|Wikipedia|[[w:Apocalyptic literature|Apocalyptic literature]]}}

{{Q|'''''Apocalypse''''' (ἀποκάλυψις) is a [[w:Greek language|Greek]] word meaning '''"[[w:revelation|revelation]]"''', "an unveiling or unfolding of things not previously known and which could not be known apart from the unveiling". As a genre, apocalyptic literature details the authors' visions of the [[w:end times|end times]] as revealed by an [[w:angel|angel]] or other heavenly messenger.|Wikipedia article [[w:Apocalyptic literature|Apocalyptic literature]]}}

* '''[[w:Christian eschatology]]''', a major branch of study within [[w:Christian theology]], deals with "last things". Such [[w:eschatology]] – the word derives from two Greek roots meaning "last" (ἔσχατος) and "study" (-λογία) – involves the study of "end things", whether of the end of an individual life, of the [[w:End time|end of the age]], of the end of the [[w:Worldly|world]] or of the nature of the [[w:Kingdom of God (Christianity) |Kingdom of God]]. (Wikipedia)
* '''[[w:End_time#Christianity|End time § Christianity]]'''
* '''[[w:Great Tribulation]]'''
* '''[[w:Second Coming]]'''
* '''[[w:Last Judgment#Christianity|Last Judgment § Christianity]]'''

* The '''[[w:Olivet Discourse]]''' or Olivet prophecy is a biblical passage found in the [[w:Synoptic Gospels]] in [[w:Matthew 24]] and [[w:Matthew 25|25]], [[w:Mark 13]], and [[w:Luke 21]]. It is also known as the Little Apocalypse because it includes the use of [[w:Apocalypse|apocalyptic]] language, and it includes Jesus' warning to his followers that they will suffer [[w:great Tribulation|tribulation]] and persecution before the ultimate triumph of the [[w:Kingship and kingdom of God|Kingdom of God]]. (Wikipedia)

== Wikimedia Commons ==
* [[commons:Category:Book of Daniel]] for media throughout the centuries
** [[commons:Category:Daniel's vision of the four beasts]]

* [[commons:Category:Book of Revelation]] is the main category at the [[w:Wikimedia Commons]] for media about the [[w:Book of Revelation]] throughout the centuries.
** [[commons:Category:Red Dragon of Apocalypse]]
** [[commons:Category:Beasts of Revelation]]
** [[commons:Category:Beast from the sea]]
** [[commons:Category:Adoration of the Beast]]
** [[commons:Category:Beast from the Earth]]
** [[commons:Category:Number of the Beast]]

== Links to Wikipedia articles on the Book of Daniel in various languages ==
Adapted from [[wikidata:Q80115| Wikidata item Q80115 - Book of Daniel]]
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! Language
! Wikipedia article name
! Wikidata item exists
! Description
! Also known as
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Afrikaans
| [[w:af:Daniël]]
| Daniël
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Amharic
| [[w:am:ትንቢተ ዳንኤል]]
| ትንቢተ ዳንኤል
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Arabic
| [[w:arسفر دانيال]]
| سفر دانيال
| سفر من أسفار الكتاب المقدس
| دانيال<br />دانيال(سفر)
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Aramaic
|
[[w:arc:ܣܦܪܐ ܕܕܢܝܐܝܠ]]
| ܣܦܪܐ ܕܕܢܝܐܝܠ
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Bavarian
| [[w:bar:Daniel (Buach)]]
| Daniel
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Belarusian
| [[w:be:Кніга прарока Данііла]]
| Кніга Прарок Данііл
|
| Кніга прарока Данііла
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)
| [[w:be-x-old:Кніга прарока Данііла]]
| Кніга прарока Данііла
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Bulgarian
| [[w:bg:Книга на пророк Даниил]]
| Книга на пророк Даниил
|
| Книга на пророк Даниила
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Bangla
|
| দানিয়েল
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Breton
| [[w:br:Levr Daniel]]
| Levr Daniel
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Catalan
| [[w:ca:Llibre de Daniel]]
| Llibre de Daniel
| llibre bíblic de l'Antic Testament
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Min Dong Chinese
| [[w:cdo:Dáng-ī-lī]]
| Dáng-ī-lī
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Cebuano
| [[w:ceb:Basahon ni Daniel]]
| Basahon ni Daniel
|
| Basahon ni Daniyyel
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Czech
| [[w:cs:Kniha Daniel]]
| Kniha Daniel
| kniha Starého zákona
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Danish
| [[w:da:Daniels Bog]]
| Daniels Bog
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Swiss High German
|
| Buch Daniel
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | German
| [[w:de:Buch Daniel]]
| Buch Daniel
|
| Daniel
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | English
| [[w:en:Book of Daniel]] [[w:simple:Book of Daniel]]
| Book of Daniel
| book of the Bible
| Daniel
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Esperanto
| [[w:eo:Libro de Danielo]]
| Libro de Danielo
|
| Libro de Daniel
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Spanish
| [[w:es:Libro de Daniel]]
| Libro de Daniel
| libro de la Biblia
| Libro del profeta Daniel
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Basque
| [[w:eu:Danielen Liburua]]
| Danielen Liburua
|
| Daniel
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Persian
| [[w:fa:کتاب دانیال]]
| کتاب دانیال
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Finnish
| [[w:fi:Danielin kirja]]
| Danielin kirja
| kirja
| Dan.
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | French
| [[w:fr:Livre de Daniel]]
| Livre de Daniel
| livre de la Bible
| Daniel
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Western Frisian
| [[w:fy:Daniël (bibelboek)]]
| Daniël
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Irish
| [[w:ga:Leabhar Dhainéil]]
| Dainéil
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Scottish Gaelic
| [[w:gd:Daniel]]
| Daniel
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Galician
| [[w:gl:Libro de Daniel]]
| Libro de Daniel
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Goan Konkani
| [[w:gom:दानयेल आचें पुस्तक]]
| दानयेल आचें पुस्तक
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Goan Konkani (Devanagari script)
|
| दानयेल आचें पुस्तक
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Goan Konkani (Latin script)
|
| Daniel achem Pustok
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Hebrew
| [[w:he:ספר דניאל]]
| ספר דניאל
| ספר מתוך התנ"ך
| ספר דניאל|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Croatian
| [[w:hr:Danijel (knjiga)]]
| Daniel
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Hungarian
| [[w:hu:Dániel könyve]]
| Dániel könyve
| A Biblia egyik könyve
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Armenian
|
| Դանիէլ
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Indonesian
| [[w:id:Kitab Daniel]]
| Kitab Daniel
|
| Kitab Nabi Daniel
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Italian
| [[w:it:Libro di Daniele]]
| Libro di Daniele
| libro della Bibbia
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Japanese
| [[w:ja:ダニエル書]]
| ダニエル書
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Javanese
| [[w:jv:Kitab Danièl]]
| Kitab Danièl
|
| Daniel
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Georgian
| [[w:ka:წინასწარმეტყველება დანიელისა]]
| წინასწარმეტყველება დანიელისა
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Korean
| [[w:ko:다니엘서]]
| 다니엘
|
| 다니엘서
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Latin
| [[w:la:Prophetia Danielis]]
| Prophetia Danielis
|
| Liber Daniel
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Lingua Franca Nova
| [[w:lfn:Libro de Daniel]]
| Libro de Daniel
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Lithuanian
| [[w:lt:Danieliaus knyga]]
| Danieliaus knyga
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Latvian
| [[w:lv:Daniēla grāmata]]
| Daniēla grāmata
| viena no Vecās Derības grāmatām
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Malagasy
| [[w:mg:Bokin'i Daniela]]
| Bokin'i Daniela
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Macedonian
|
| Даниил
|
| Даниел<br />Книга на пророкот Даниил
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Malayalam
| [[w:ml:ദാനിയേലിന്റെ പുസ്തകം]]
| ദാനിയേലിന്റെ പുസ്തകം
|
| Book of Daniel
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Malay
| [[w:ms:Kitab Daniel]]
| Kitab Daniel
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Norwegian Bokmål
| [[w:no:Daniels bok]]
| Daniels bok
| bok i Det gamle testamentet og i Tanákh
| Daniels-boken<br />Daniel
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Dutch
| [[w:nl:Daniël (boek)]]
| Daniël
| boek
| Het boek Daniël<br />Het boek Daniel
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Norwegian Nynorsk
| [[w:nn:Daniels bok]]
| Daniels bok
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Picard
| [[w:pcd:Live Danniel]]
| Live Danniel
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Polish
| [[w:pl:Księga Daniela]]
| Księga Daniela
| księga Starego Testamentu
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Western Punjabi
| [[w:pnb:کتاب دانی ایل]]
| کتاب دانی ایل
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Portuguese
| [[w:pt:Livro de Daniel]]
| Livro de Daniel
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Brazilian Portuguese
|
| Livro de Daniel
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Quechua
| [[w:qu:Danyelpa qillqasqan]]
| Danyelpa qillqasqan
|
| Libro de Daniel<br />Libro del profeta Daniel
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Romanian
| [[w:ro:Daniel (carte)]]
| Daniel
|
| Cartea lui Daniel
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Russian
| [[w:ru:Книга пророка Даниила]]
| Книга пророка Даниила
| книга, входящая в состав еврейской Библии (Танаха) и Ветхого Завета
| Даниила<br />Книга Даниила<br />Дан.<br />Пророчество Даниила
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Kinyarwanda
| [[w:rw:Igitabo cya Daniyeli]]
| Igitabo cya Daniyeli
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Serbo-Croatian
| [[w:sh:Daniel (knjiga)]]
| Daniel
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Slovak
| [[w:sk:Kniha proroka Daniela]]
| Kniha proroka Daniela
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Slovenian
| [[w:sl:Daniel (svetopisemska knjiga)]]
| Daniel
| knjiga Svetega pisma
| Danielova knjiga<br />Dan
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Samoan
| [[w:sm:O le tusi a le Perofeta o Tanielu]]
| O le tusi a le Perofeta o Tanielu
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Serbian
| [[w:sr:Књига пророка Данила]]
| Књига пророка Данила
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Swedish
| [[w:sv:Daniels bok]]
| Daniels bok
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Swahili
| [[w:sw:Kitabu cha Danieli]]
| Kitabu cha Danieli
|
| Dan.
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Tamil
| [[w:ta:தானியேல் (நூல்)]]
| தானியேல்
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Thai
| [[w:th:หนังสือดาเนียล]]
| หนังสือดาเนียล
|
| พระธรรมดาเนียล
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Tagalog
| [[w:tl:Aklat ni Daniel]]
| Aklat ni Daniel
|
| Book of Daniel
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Turkish
| [[w:tr:Daniel Kitabı]]
| Daniel kitabı
| Tanah'ın Ketuvim kitabına bağlı bir metin
| Danyal Kitabı
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Ukrainian
| [[w:uk:Книга пророка Даниїла]]
| Книга пророка Даниїла
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Urdu
| [[w:ur:کتاب دانی ایل]]
| کتاب دانی ایل
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Veps
| [[w:vep:Daniilan kirj]]
| Daniilan kirj
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Waray
| [[w:war:Basahán ni Daniel]]
| Basahán ni Daniel
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Wu Chinese
| [[w:wuu:但以理书]]
| 但以理书
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Yiddish
| [[w:yi:ספר דניאל]]
| דניאל
| ספר אין תנ״ך
| ספר דניאל
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Yoruba
| [[w:yo:Ìwé Dáníẹ́lì]]
| Ìwé Danieli
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Cantonese
| [[w:zh-yue:但以理書]]
| 但以理書
|
|
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Chinese
| [[w:zh:但以理書]]
| 但以理書
| 《圣经》的一部分
| 達尼爾書
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Zulu
| [[w:zu:Daniyeli]]
| Daniyeli
|
|
|}

== Links to Wikipedia articles on the Book of Revelation in various languages ==
The following list of names and articles for [[w:Book of Revelation]] sourced from '''[[wikidata:Q42040|Wikidata item Q42040 - Revelation of John]]''' on 2021-02-16

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Language
! Wikipedia article name
! Wikidata item exists
! Description
! Also known as
|-
| [[w:Afrikaans]]
| [[w:af:Openbaring]]
| Openbaring
| die 27ste en laaste boek in die Nuwe Testament van die Bybel
|
|-
| [[w:Akan]]
|
| Adiyisɛm
|
|
|-
| [[w:Amharic]]
| [[w:am:የዮሐንስ ራዕይ]]
| የዮሐንስ ራዕይ
|
|
|-
| [[w:Old English]]
| [[w:ang:Ontynung]]
| Ontynung
|
|
|-
| [[w:Arabic]]
| [[w:ar:رؤيا يوحنا]]
| رؤيا يوحنا
| سفر من بين أسفار العهد الجديد عند المسيحيين
| سفر الرؤيا
|-
| [[w:Aramaic]]
| [[w:arc:ܓܠܝܢܐ ܕܝܘܚܢܢ]]
| ܓܠܝܢܐ ܕܝܘܚܢܢ
|
| ܓܠܝܢܐ ܕܝܘܚܢܢ ܫܠܝܚܐ
|-
| [[w:Egyptian Arabic]]
| [[w:arz:رؤيا يوحنا]]
| رؤيا يوحنا
|
|
|-
| [[w:Asturian]]
| [[w:ast:Apocalipsis]]
| Apocalipsis
|
|
|-
| [[w:Bavarian]]
| [[w:bar:Offnbarung vom Johannes]]
| Offnbarung vom Johannes
|
| Offnbarung vo Johannes
|-
| [[w:Belarusian]]
| [[w:be-x-old:Адкрыцьцё Яна Багаслова]]
| Кніга Апакаліпсіс
|
| Адкрыццё - Адкрыццё Іаана Багаслова - Адкрыццё Яна Багаслова - Адкрыцці Іаана Багаслова
|-
| [[w:Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)]]
| [[w:be:Кніга Апакаліпсіс]]
| Адкрыцьцё Яна Багаслова
|
|
|-
| [[w:Bulgarian]]
| [[w:bg:Откровение на Йоан]]
| Откровение на Йоан
|
|
|-
| [[w:Bangla]]
| [[w:bn:প্রেরিত শিষ্য যোহনের নিকট প্রকাশিত বাক্য]]
| প্রেরিত শিষ্য যোহনের নিকট প্রকাশিত বাক্য
|
| প্রকাশিত বাক্য
|-
| [[w:Bosnian]]
| [[w:bs:Otkrivenje]]
| Otkrivenje
|
|
|-
| [[w:Catalan]]
| [[w:ca:Apocalipsi]]
| Apocalipsi
|
| ApocalípticL - libre de l'Apocalipsi - Apocalíptica - Llibre de la Revelació
|-
| [[w:Min Dong Chinese]]
| [[w:cdo:Mĕk-sê Liŏh]]
| Mĕk-sê Liŏh
|
|
|-
| [[w:Czech]]
| [[w:cs:Zjevení Janovo]]
| Zjevení Janovo
| kniha Nového zákona
| Kniha Zjevení svatého Jana - Zjevení svatého Jana - Zjevení sv. Jana - Kniha ZjeveníApokalypsa
|-
| [[w:Welsh]]
| [[w:cy:Datguddiad Ioan]]
| Datguddiad Ioan
| yr diwethaf llyfr yn Beibl, cyfansawdd yn 22 pennodau, na siarad dros yr diwedd yn amserau
| Llyfr y Datguddiad - Datguddiad
|-
| [[w:Danish]]
| [[w:da:Johannes' Åbenbaring]]
| Johannes' Åbenbaring
|
| Johannes Åbenbaringen - Apokalypsen - Johannes åbenbaring - Johannesapokalypsen - Åbenbaringsbogen - Åbenbaring
|-
| [[w:German]]
| [[w:de:Offenbarung des Johannes]]
| Offenbarung des Johannes
| das letzte Buch des neuen Testaments
| Buch der Offenbarung - OffbSieben Kirchen der Apokalypse - Die sieben Schalen des Zorns - Johannes-Offenbarung - Geheime Offenbarung - Johannesoffenbarung - Johannes-Apokalypse - Apokalypse des Johannes - Johannesapokalypse - Offenbarung an Johannes - Sieben Posaunen - Offenbarung
|-
| [[w:Greek]]
| [[w:el:Αποκάλυψη του Ιωάννη]]
| Αποκάλυψη του Ιωάννη
|
| Αποκάλυψη Αποκάλυψις Ιωάννου
|-
| [[w:English]]
| [[w:en:Book of Revelation]]
| Revelation of John
| Final book of the New Testament
| Book of Revelation - Apocalypse - The Uncovering
|-
| [[w:Esperanto]]
| [[w:eo:Apokalipso de Johano]]
| Apokalipso de Johano
| libro de la Nova Testamento
| Apokalipso de Sankta Johano - Apokalipso
|-
| [[w:Spanish]]
| [[w:es:Apocalipsis]]
| Apocalipsis
| libro final del Nuevo Testamento
| Libro de la Revelación - Libro de Revelación - Revelación de Jesucristo - Revelaciones - Libro de Apocalipsis - Apocalipsis de San Juan - Apocalipsis de Juan - Apocalipsis de Jesucristo - Libro de las Revelaciones - la Revelación - Escritos Apocalípticos
|-
| [[w:Estonian]]
| [[w:et:Johannese ilmutuse raamat]]
| Johannese ilmutuse raamat
|
| Johannese ilmutus - Johannese ilmutusraamat - Ilmutuse raamat - Ilmutuseraamat
|-
| [[w:Basque]]
| [[w:eu:Apokalipsia]]
| Apokalipsia
| azken liburu Bibliaren, konpost 22 kapituluen, zer kontatu gora bukaera denboraen
| San Joanen Apokalipsia - Jesu Kristoren Apokalipsia - Agerkundeen Liburua - Agerkundea
|-
| [[w:Persian]]
| [[w:fa:مکاشفه یوحنا]]
| مکاشفه یوحنا
| آخرین کتاب از کتاب‌های «عهد جدید»
| مکاشفهٔ یوحنامکاشفات یوحناکتاب مکاشفهٔ یوحناکتاب مکاشفه
|-
| [[w:Finnish]]
| [[w:fi:Johanneksen ilmestys]]
| Johanneksen ilmestys
| Uuden testamentin viimenen kirja
| Johanneksen ilmestyskirja - Ilmestyskirja - Ilm.
|-
| [[w:Faroese]]
| [[w:fo:Opinbering Jóhannesar]]
| Opinbering Jóhannesar
|
|
|-
| [[w:French]]
| [[w:fr:Apocalypse]]
| Apocalypse
| dernier livre du Nouveau Testament
| Apocalyptique - L'Apocalypse de Jean - Apocalypse de saint Jean - Apocalypse de Jean - L'Apocalypse selon Saint Jean - Apocalypse selon Saint Jean - Livre de l'Apocalypse - Ap
|-
| [[w:Arpitan]]
| [[w:frp:Apocalipsa]]
| Apocalipsa
|
|
|-
| [[w:Friulian]]
| [[w:fur:Apocalìs]]
| Libri de Apocalìs
|
|
|-
| [[w:Western Frisian]]
| [[w:fy:Iepenbiering fan Jehannes]]
| Iepenbiering fan Jehannes
|
| Iepenbiering
|-
| [[w:Irish]]
| [[w:ga:Apacailipsis]]
| Apacailipsis
|
|
|-
| [[w:Galician]]
| [[w:gl:Apocalipse]]
| O Apocalipse
|
|
|-
| [[w:Goan Konkani]]
| [[w:gom:जुांवाक प्रकासवणी]]
| जुांवाक प्रकासवणी
|
|
|-
| [[w:Goan Konkani (Devanagari script)]]
|
| जुांवाक प्रकासवणी
|
|
|-
| [[w:Goan Konkani (Latin script)]]
|
| Juanvak Prokasovnni
|
|
|-
| [[w:Ancient Greek]]
|
| Ἀποκάλυψις Ἰωάννου
|
|
|-
| [[w:Hakka Chinese]]
| [[w:hak:Khí-sṳ-liu̍k]]
| Khí-sṳ-liu̍k
|
|
|-
| [[w:Hebrew]]
| [[w:he:חזון יוחנן]]
| חזון יוחנן
|
| ספר ההתגלות
|-
| [[w:Croatian]]
| [[w:hr:Otkrivenje]]
| Otkrivenje
|
| Knjiga Otkrivenja
|-
| [[w:Haitian Creole]]
| [[w:ht:Apokalips]]
| Apokalips
|
|
|-
| [[w:Hungarian]]
| [[w:hu:A jelenések könyve]]
| A jelenések könyve
| utolsó könyv Bibliai, komposzt 22 fejezete, mint elmond felett az vég időket
| Jelenések könyve - János apostolnak mennyei jelenésekről való könyve
|-
| [[w:Armenian]]
| [[w:hy:Հայտնություն Հովհաննեսի]]
| Հայտնություն Հովհաննեսի
|
| Հայտնություն Հովհանեսի
|-
| [[w:Indonesian]]
| [[w:id:Wahyu kepada Yohanes]]
| Wahyu kepada Yohanes
|
| Kitab Wahyu - Wahyu yohanes
|-
| [[w:Italian]]
| [[w:it:Apocalisse di Giovanni]]
| Apocalisse di Giovanni
| ultimo libro del Nuovo Testamento
| Libro dell'apocalisse - Apocalisse di San Giovanni - Libro della Rivelazione - Apocalisse
|-
| [[w:Japanese]]
| [[w:ja:ヨハネの黙示録]]
| ヨハネの黙示録
|
| アポカリュプスヨハネ黙示録黙示録
|-
| [[w:Javanese]]
| [[w:jv:Kitab Wahyu]]
| Kitab Wahyu
|
|
|-
| [[w:Kazakh]]
| [[w:ka:გამოცხადება იოანესი]]
| გამოცხადება იოანესი
|
| აპოკალიფსიაპოკალიფსისიიოანეს გამოცხადება
|-
| [[w:Georgian]]
|
| Жохан аяны
|
|
|-
| [[w:Korean]]
| [[w:ko:요한의 묵시록]]
| 요한 묵시록
|
| 요한 계시록요한계시록요한묵시록예수 그리스도의 계시
|-
| [[w:Latin]]
| [[w:la:Apocalypsis Ioannis]]
| Apocalypsis Ioannis
| ultimum liber Bibliae, compositum 22 capitula, quae narra apud eo finis tempus
| Apocalypsis Ioannis Apostoli - Apocalypsis
|-
| [[w:Lombard]]
| [[w:lmo:Apucaliss de Giuan]]
| Apucaliss de Giuan
|
|
|-
| [[w:Lithuanian]]
| [[w:lt:Apreiškimas Jonui]]
| Apreiškimas Jonui
| paskutinė Bibliją knyga, sudaryta iš 22 skyrių
|
|-
| [[w:Latvian]]
| [[w:lv:Jāņa atklāsmes grāmata]]
| Jāņa atklāsmes grāmata
| beigas grāmata Bībele, komposts 22 nodaļas, ka saka par laiks gals e ļauns miršana
| Atklāsmes grāmataJņ. - atkl. - Atklāsmes
|-
| [[w:Malagasy]]
| [[w:mg:Apokalipsin'i Joany]]
| Apokalypsin'i Jaona
|
|
|-
| [[w:Macedonian]]
| [[w:mk:Откровение на Јован]]
| Откровение на Јован
|
|
|-
| [[w:Malayalam]]
| [[w:ml:യോഹന്നാനു ലഭിച്ച വെളിപാട്‌]]
| യോഹന്നാനു ലഭിച്ച വെളിപാട്‌
| books
| Book of Revelation
|-
| [[w:Malay]]
| [[w:ms:Kitab Wahyu]]
| Kitab Wahyu
|
|
|-
| [[w:Burmese]]
| [[w:my:ဗျာဒိတ်ကျမ်း]]
| ဗျာဒိတ်ကျမ်း
|
|
|-
| [[w:Min Nan Chinese]]
|
| Khé-sī-lio̍k
|
|
|-
| [[w:Norwegian Bokmål]]
| [[w:no:Johannes' åpenbaring]]
| Johannes' åpenbaring
| sist bok i Bibelen, omfatter 22 kapitler, enn forteller om dem ende i tider
| Åpenbaringen - Åpenbaringsboken - Johannes åpenbaring - Åpenbaring
|-
| [[w:Dutch]]
| [[w:nl:Openbaring van Johannes]]
| Openbaring van Johannes
| het laatste boek van de Bijbel
| Openbaring aan Johannes - Openbaringen - Apocalyps van Johannes - Openbaring
|-
| [[w:Norwegian Nynorsk]]
| [[w:nn:Johannes' openberring]]
| Johannes' openberring
| sist bok i Bibelen, omfatter 22 kapitler, enn forteller om dem ende i tider
| Openberringa - Johannes' åpenbaring - Johannes’ openberring - Johannesapokalypsen - Åpenbaring
|-
| [[w:Norman]]
| [[w:nrm:Livre de l'Apocalypse]]
| Live de l’Apocalypse
|
|
|-
| [[w:Occitan]]
| [[w:oc:Apocalipsi]]
| Apocalipsi
|
|
|-
| [[w:Picard]]
| [[w:pcd:Live d'echl'Apocalisse]]
| Live d’echl’Apocalisse
|
|
|-
| [[w:Polish]]
| [[w:pl:Apokalipsa św. Jana]]
| Apokalipsa świętego Jana
| Zwane również Objawieniem Św. Jana
| Apokalipsa św. Jana - Objawienie św. Jana - Księga Apokalipsy - Objawienie Jana - Objawienie świętego Jana - Księga Objawienia
|-
| [[w:Western Punjabi]]
| [[w:pnb:یوحنا دا مکاشفہ]]
| یوحنا دا مکاشفہ
|
|
|-
| [[w:Portuguese]]
| [[w:pt:Apocalipse]]
| Apocalipse
| último livro da Bíblia, composto de 22 capítulos, que narra sobre o fim dos tempos
| Livro da Revelação - Livro das Revelações - Apocalíptico - Apocalipse de João - Livro do Apocalipse - Revelação - Apocalipse de São João - Revelação a João
|-
| [[w:Brazilian Portuguese]]
|
| Apocalipse
| último livro da Bíblia, composto de 22 capítulos, que narra sobre o fim dos tempos
|
|-
| [[w:Quechua]]
| [[w:qu:Huwanpa Apokalipsisnin]]
| Huwanpa Apokalipsisnin
|
| Apocalipsis de San Juan
|-
| [[w:Romanian]]
| [[w:ro:Apocalipsa lui Ioan]]
| Apocalipsa lui Ioan
|
| Cartea Apocalipsei - Apocalipsa
|-
| [[w:Russian]]
| [[w:ru:Откровение Иоанна Богослова]]
| Откровение Иоанна Богослова
| книга Нового Завета
| Откр. - Откровение Иоанна - Книга Откровения - Книга Откровения Апостола Иоанна - Книга Откровения Иоанна Богослова - Откровение Иисуса Христа - Апокалипсис - Книга Откровения Святого Иоанна - Светопреставление - Откровение Иоанну - Отк. - Откровение Святого Иоанна Богослова - Откровение апостола Иоанна - ОткАпок. - Апокалиптический - Откровение святого Иоанна - Откровение - Книга Апокалипсиса - Книга Откровение
|-
| [[w:Sardinian]]
| [[w:sc:Apocalisse]]
| Apocalisse
|
|
|-
| [[w:Sicilian]]
| [[w:scn:Apucalissi di Giuvanni]]
| Apucalissi di Giuvanni
|
|
|-
| [[w:Serbo-Croatian]]
| [[w:sh:Knjiga Otkrivenja]]
| Knjiga Otkrivenja
|
| Otkrivenje Jovanovo - Књига Откривења - Otkrivenje Ivanovo - Knjiga otkrovenja - Otkrivenje po Jovanu - Ivanova Apokalipsa - Ivanovo Otkrivenje - Otkrovenje Jovanovo
|-
| Simple English
| [[w:simple:Book of Revelation]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[w:Slovak]]
| [[w:sk:Zjavenie Jána]]
| Zjavenie Jána
|
| Zjavenie svätého Jána
|-
| [[w:Slovenian]]
| [[w:sl:Razodetje (Apokalipsa)]]
| Razodetje
| knjiga Svetega pisma
| Apokalipsa - RazJanezovo razodetje
|-
| [[w:Samoan]]
| [[w:sm:O le Faaaliga ia Ioane]]
| O le Faaaliga ia Ioane
|
|
|-
| [[w:Shona]]
| [[w:sn:Zvakazarurwa]]
| Zvakazarurwa
|
|
|-
| [[w:Albanian]]
| [[w:sq:Zbulesa e Gjonit]]
| Zbulesa e Gjonit
|
|
|-
| [[w:Serbian]]
| [[w:sr:Откривење Јованово]]
| Откровење Јованово
|
| Књига откровења - Откривење Јованово
|-
| [[w:Swedish]]
| [[w:sv:Uppenbarelseboken]]
| Uppenbarelseboken
| apokalyptisk skrift som ingår i Nya Testamentet
| Johannes uppenbarelsebok - Johannes uppenbarelse
|-
| [[w:Swahili]]
| [[w:sw:Ufunuo wa Yohane]]
| Ufunuo wa Yohane
|
| UfuKitabu cha UfunuoUf
|-
| [[w:Tamil]]
| [[w:ta:திருவெளிப்பாடு (நூல்)]]
| திருவெளிப்பாடு
| புதிய ஏற்பாட்டின் கடைசி புத்தகம்
| யோவானுக்கு அருளப்பெற்ற திருவெளிப்பாடு
|-
| [[w:Thai]]
| [[w:th:หนังสือวิวรณ์]]
| หนังสือวิวรณ์
|
| Revelationพระธรรมวิวรณ์วิวรณ์
|-
| [[w:Tagalog]]
| [[w:tl:Aklat ng Pahayag]]
| Aklat ng Pahayag
|
| Libro ng Rebelasyon kay Juan - Pahayag ni Kristohesus - Book of Revelation - Pahayag ni Kristo Hesus - Pahayag kay Juan - Pahayag ni Hesus - Libro ng Rebelasyon - Revelation of Christ - Book of Apocalypse - Book of Revelations - Ang Pahayag ni JuanAklat ng Rebelasyon kay Juan - Pahayag ni Hesukristo - Revelation to John - Revelations - Apokalipsis ni Juan - Apocalypse of John - Ang Pahayag kay Juan - Aklat ng Hula - Aklat ng mga Pahayag - Pahayag ni Juan - Aklat ng Rebelasyon - Aklat ng Apokalipsis - Libro ng Pahayag - Libro ng Hula - Apocalipsis - Revelation of Jesus Christ - Revelation of Jesus - Apokalipsis - Book of the Apocalypse - Mga Pahayag - Libro ng Apokalipsis - Aklat ng Apocalipsis - Pahayag ng Kristohesus - Revelation of John - Rebelasyon kay Juan - Pahayag ng Kristong Hesus
|-
| [[w:Turkish]]
| [[w:tr:Vahiy Kitabı]]
| Apokalips
|
|
|-
| [[w:Uyghur]]
| [[w:ug:ۋەھىيلەر]]
| ۋەھىيلەر
|
| Wehiyler
|-
| [[w:Ukrainian]]
| [[w:uk:Апокаліпсис]]
| Апокаліпсис
|
| Об'явлення Івана - Об'явлення св. Йоана Богослова - Об'явлення св. Івана Богослова - Об'явлення Івана Богослова - Откровення Івана Богослова - Відкриття Івана Богослова - Об'явлення Іоана
|-
| [[w:Urdu]]
| [[w:ur:یوحنا کا مکاشفہ]]
| یوحنا کا مکاشفہ
|
|
|-
| [[w:Venda]]
| [[w:ve:Ndzumbululo]]
| Ndzumbululo
|
|
|-
| [[w:Veps]]
| [[w:vep:Nägudezkirj]]
| Nägudezkirj
|
| Joannan nägudez
|-
| [[w:Vietnamese]]
| [[w:vi:Sách Khải Huyền]]
| Sách Khải Huyền
|
| Khải huyền
|-
| [[w:Waray]]
| [[w:war:Ginpadayág kan Juán]]
| Ginpadayág kan Juán
|
|
|-
| [[w:Wu Chinese]]
| [[w:wuu:启示录]]
| 启示录
|
|
|-
| [[w:Yoruba]]
| [[w:yo:Ìwé Ìfihàn]]
| Ìwé Ìfihàn
|
| Ìwé Ìfihàn Jòhánù - Iwe Ifihan - Book of Revelation
|-
| [[w:Cantonese]]
| [[w:zh-min-nan:Khé-sī-lio̍k]]
| 啟示錄
|
|
|-
| [[w:Chinese]]
| [[w:zh:启示录]]
| 启示录
| 《新约圣经》的最后一部
| 若望默示錄默示錄啟示錄約安之啟示錄
|-
| [[w:Traditional Chinese]]
| [[w:zh-yue:啟示錄]]
| 啟示錄
|
|
|-
| [[w:Zulu]]
| [[w:zu:IsAmbulo]]
| IsAmbulo
|
|
|}

== This wiki does not contain pornography ==

'''[[SSF:About|This wiki]]''' '''<u>does not</u> contain pornography'''.

= References =
<references />

Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023

2025-11-24T11:20:48Z

Juho Kunsola: replicating the link to Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023 (this law in Finnish) by working it to the introduction, for user convenience

[[File:Finlands Riksdag.jpg|thumb|right|320px|[[w:List of members of the Parliament of Finland, 2019–2023|w:The Parliament of Finland 2019-2023]] improved the Finnish Criminal Code by extending the protection against distribution of synthetic sexual images from minors to cover also adults.
<br />
<br />
Suomen [[w:fi:Eduskunta]] - [[w:sv:Finlands riksdag]] - [[w:se:Suoma riikkabeaivvit]] - [[w:Parliament of Finland]]]]

<section begin=what-is-it />'''[[Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023]]''', [[Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023]] in Finnish, is found in Chapter 20 of the Finnish Criminal Code titled "Seksuaalirikoksista" ("Sexual offences") and came into effect on Sunday 2023-01-01.<ref name="Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023">

Authoritative up-to-date version of the Criminal Code chapter 20 '''''On sexual offences''''' can always be found at [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1889/18890039001#L20 finlex.fi]

<br /><br />

Translation to English by the Ministry of Justice: [https://oikeusministerio.fi/documents/1410853/4734377/Criminal+Code+Chapter+20.pdf/7c808cdd-a010-2970-312a-51e666ec2f3c/Criminal+Code+Chapter+20.pdf?t=1671454271620 '''Criminal Code''' ('''39'''/'''1889''') - '''Chapter 20''' - '''Sexual offences''' (translation) as .pdf at oikeusministerio.fi] (subject to possible revisions)
</ref>

The new law in Finland protects adults against sexual image based abuse be it '''real''' or '''synthetic''' in '''origin'''.

Other countries have also woken up to the problems of synthesis crime and have legislated '''[[laws against synthesis and other related crimes]]'''.

'''Relevant sections''' of Chapter 20
* '''7 § Non-consensual dissemination of a sexual image''' criminalizes distribution of unauthorized '''real''' and '''synthetic''' sexual images without permission. ([[Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023#7 § Seksuaalisen kuvan luvaton levittäminen|7 § Seksuaalisen kuvan luvaton levittäminen]]<ref name="Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023" />)
* '''19 § Distribution of an image depicting a child in a sexual manner''' <ref name="Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023" /> criminalizes the distribution of '''real''' and '''synthetic''' '''child sexual abuse material''' ('''CSAM'''). Attempting this crime is also punishable. ([[Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023#19 § Lasta seksuaalisesti esittävän kuvan levittäminen|19 § Lasta seksuaalisesti esittävän kuvan levittäminen]]<ref name="Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023" />)
* '''20 § Aggravated distribution of an image depicting a child in a sexual manner''' <ref name="Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023" /> defines the parameters for aggravated form of the crime of making CSAM available. ([[Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023#20 § Törkeä lasta seksuaalisesti esittävän kuvan levittäminen|20 § Törkeä lasta seksuaalisesti esittävän kuvan levittäminen]]<ref name="Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023" />)
* '''21 § Possession of an image depicting a child in a sexual manner'''<ref name="Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023" /> criminalizes the possession of CSAM and acquiring access for the intent to access CSAM. ([[Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023#21 § Lasta seksuaalisesti esittävän kuvan hallussapito|21 § Lasta seksuaalisesti esittävän kuvan hallussapito]])<ref name="Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023" />)

This 2023 upgrade and gather-together of the Finnish Criminal Code on sexual offences was made upon the initiative of the 2019-2023 [[w:Marin Cabinet]], was voted into law by the [[w:List of members of the Parliament of Finland, 2019–2023|w:Members of the Parliament of Finland, 2019–2023]] and it came into effect on Sunday 2023-01-01.

Translation to English by the Ministry of Justice: [https://oikeusministerio.fi/documents/1410853/4734377/Criminal+Code+Chapter+20.pdf/7c808cdd-a010-2970-312a-51e666ec2f3c/Criminal+Code+Chapter+20.pdf?t=1671454271620 '''Criminal Code (39/1889)''' - '''Chapter 20''' - '''Sexual offences''' (translation) as .pdf at oikeusministerio.fi] (subject to possible revisions)<section end=what-is-it />

=== Finland criminalized synthetic child sexual abuse material already in 2011 ===
<section begin=history />Distribution and attempt of distribution and also possession of synthetic [[w:Child sexual abuse material|CSAM]] was already criminalized earlier on 2011-06-01 upon the initiative of the [[w:Vanhanen II Cabinet]]. Real CSAM was already criminalized before this improvement. These protections against real and synthetic CSAM were moved in the criminal code into 19 §, 20 § and 21 § of chapter 20 in the 2023 sexual offences legislation improvement.<section end=history />

=== Links in English ===
* [https://oikeusministerio.fi/en/sexualoffenceslaw '''New legislation on sexual offences''' at oikeusministerio.fi] (Ministry of Justice)
* [https://oikeusministerio.fi/documents/1410853/4734377/Criminal+Code+Chapter+20.pdf/7c808cdd-a010-2970-312a-51e666ec2f3c/Criminal+Code+Chapter+20.pdf?t=1671454271620 '''Criminal Code (39/1889)''' - '''Chapter 20''' - '''Sexual offences''' (translation) at oikeusministerio.fi (Ministry of Justice of Finland)] (translation subject to possible revisions)
* [https://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039 '''39/1889 Full Finnish Criminal Code''' translated to English at finlex.fi] does not, as of 2023-01-30 have a translation of the new Criminal Code, but one will be made.

=== See also ===
* [[Laws against synthesis and other related crimes]] for other takes on how to ban synthetic filth
* [[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]] is an AI concept, where the core of the concept is that a machine vision system looks at and models all footage on the Internet that appears to be naked people. This way it could protect its registered users against covert synthetic pornography attacks. A service like this already existed: [[FacePinPoint.com]], but it was not focused on hunting synthetic pornography.

=== In Finnish ===
[[File:Flag_of_Finland.svg|link=Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023|25px]] in Finnish / Suomeksi [[Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023]]

=== References ===
<references/>
----

[[Category:In English]]
[[Category:Finland]]
[[Category:Law]]
[[Category:Antifake]]

User:Juho Kunsola/log/2025

2025-10-30T21:42:26Z

Juho Kunsola: Upgraded the MediaWiki to 1.43.5, tested a bit, took a snapshot and making backups.

[[User:Juho Kunsola/log/2026|Wiki log for 2026]]

'''Figure out'''
*

'''TODO'''
* Harvest [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.12043.pdf '''Protecting President Zelenskyy against deep fakes''' a 2022 preprint at arxiv.org] by Matyáš Boháček of Johannes Kepler Gymnasium and [[w:Hany Farid]] for the essential and interesting previous work in it. I saw enough to know that these guys are liquid gold in the science-hottness meter.
* Renaming and rescoping [[Help against appearance and voice theft]]. Hopefully a brother in Jesus will come over and help me out in the near future with this and various other questions
* [[wikidata:Wikidata:WikiProject Human rights/organization/human rights organizations]] is a great place to spot human rights organizations. The list is updated by a bot from Wikidata.

''' INCOMING '''
* [[commons:Commons:Timed Text]]
* Scrape [[w:Tron:_Legacy#Sound_and_visual_effects]] for more information on Disney's technology
* [[w:Wikipedia:Extended image syntax]]

''' IN PROGRESS '''
* [https://wordpress.org/plugins/wp-wiki-tooltip/ '''WP Wiki Tooltip''' Wordpress plugin by Nico Danneberg] that provides tooltips from wiki into Wordpress was installed. It seems to work fine and it possibility to fetch tooltips from multiple wikis. Need to redo the links the Wordpress https://stop-synthetic-filth.org/wp/ with WP Wiki Tooltip. They need a lot of fixing after the recent changes to article names and new articles.

'''EVALUATING'''
* [[mw:Extension:MediaWikiChat]] could be an useful thing to add to this wiki. Its release status is listed as "stable".

* Considering [[mw:Extension:Cargo]] and [[mw:Extension:Page Forms]] for structured data in-wiki in SSFWIKI. Other alternative would be [[mw:Wikibase]]. Yaron Koren, who wrote Cargo, also wrote the [https://workingwithmediawiki.com/book/ ''''''Working with MediaWiki''''' book at workingwithmediawiki.com]. In the book the relevant parts are found in [https://workingwithmediawiki.com/book/chapter16.html Chapter 16 - ''Cargo and Semantic MediaWiki''] and [https://workingwithmediawiki.com/book/chapter17.html Chapter 17 - ''Page Forms''].

* For Wordpress moving away from Polylang to automatic translation with [https://wordpress.org/plugins/gtranslate/ GTranslate]. Whether GTranslate would play along nicely with WP Wiki Tooltip and RDP Wiki Embed remains to be discovered. Maybe set up a staging Wordpress just to test this out. There is [https://wordpress.org/plugins/google-language-translator/ an another Wordpress translator plugin called 'Google Language Translator'] with very high reviews, but it has been purchased by the company behind Gtranslate, and remains to see if the plan to phase out that.

'''DONE'''
* [https://wordpress.org/plugins/rdp-wiki-embed/ '''RDP Wiki Embed''' Wordpress plugin by Robert D Payne at wordpress.org] allows embedding (with reformatting possible) of [[mw:MediaWiki]] articles into Wordpress. See e.g. https://stop-synthetic-filth.org/wp/2021/12/a-disarming-weapon-against-synthetic-filth-by-facepinpoint-com-existed-from-2017-to-2021/ for how it works.

----
== October ==
Upgraded the MediaWiki to 1.43.5, tested a bit, took a snapshot and making backups.=== Thursday 2025-10-30 ===

Making and verifying backups and taking a snapshot in preparation for MediaWiki upgrade to 1.43.5 LTS.

== July ==
=== Wednesday 2025-07-02 ===
Upgraded the MediaWiki to 1.43.3 (LTS). Taking a snapshot and making backups.

Making and verifying backups and taking a snapshot in preparation for MediaWiki upgrade to 1.43.2 (LTS)

== April ==

=== Sunday 2025-04-27 ===
Renewed the domain-name stop-synthetic-filth.org till Monday 2035-01-15.

=== Tuesday 2025-04-15 ===
Subscribed to ChatGPT-plus.

=== Saturday 2025-04-12 ===
Upgraded the MediaWikis to 1.43.1 (LTS) with an upgrade script that ChatGPT helped me to make based on my existing documented workflow, helping me make it a proper script. Made backups and took a snapshot.

=== Friday 2025-04-11 ===
Making and verifying backups in preparation for upgrade to 1.43.1. Going to take a snapshot and upgrade the wikis tomorrow. With some help from ChatGPT I'm tweaking my semi-automated system for doing upgrades the "clean and safe" way by installing into a clean location and copying relevant files over from the older version wiki.

== March ==
=== Monday 2025-03-31 ===
Found an answer to the question "Why [[mw:MediaWiki:Mobile.js]] is no longer displayed to users of the mobile interface?". And the answer is that the MediaWiki developers moved that to [[mw:MediaWiki:Minerva.js]], probably in 1.43.<ref>Answer found in this topic-thread https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Topic:Yb4dz9jg9a4deodo</ref> So fixed the situation and also did some housekeeping on the Minerva.js.

== February ==
=== Sunday 2025-02-23 ===
Took a snapshot of the system disk and installed [[mw:Extension:EmbedVideo (fork)]] to replace the unmaintained original extension. Taking a new snapshot

== January ==
=== Friday 2025-01-24 ===
* Upgraded from legacy LTS 1.39.11 to new LTS 1.43. Made backups and imaged the system disk. Problems encountered:
** [[mw:Extension:OATHAuth]] did not seem to apply its schema changes, or perhaps the schema changes should have been performed in an earlier upgrade. Found workaround of manually running <code>mediawiki/extensions/OATHAuth/sql/mysql/tables-generated.sql </code> in [[mw:Topic:Yakailc03f0u43c0]]
** On [[ssfwiki:Main Page]] the [[mw:Extension:EmbedVideo]] seems abandoned and was not compatible with 1.43. Noticed there is a fork of it that seems actively maintained [[mw:Extension:EmbedVideo (fork)]].
** On [[ciumd:Main Page]] - Consumerium.org development wiki had two stray entries with null values where an article name should have been in its database, but this issue was resolved with knowledgeable and compassionate help from the good people at #mediawiki. Found the rows with <code>'SELECT * FROM pagelinks WHERE pl_title = <nowiki>''</nowiki>;</code>. The error I got from MediaWiki update.php when "Running migrateLinksTable.php on pagelinks..." and doing "Populating the pl_target_id column": <code>"Wikimedia\Assert\ParameterAssertionException from line 72 of [...]/mediawiki/vendor/wikimedia/assert/src/Assert.php: Bad value for parameter $title: should not be empty unless namespace is main"</code>

=== Thursday 2025-01-23 ===
* Upgraded to newest version of legacy LTS: 1.39.11. Made backups of this state and imaged the system disk. No problems encountered.

* Making and verifying backups and taking snapshot in preparation of two-phase upgrade from MediaWiki 1.39.10 via 1.39.11 to the new LTS 1.43

----
[[User:Juho Kunsola/log/2024|Wiki log for 2024]]

User:Juho Kunsola/log/2025

2025-10-30T18:24:28Z

Juho Kunsola: Making and verifying backups and taking a snapshot in preparation for MediaWiki upgrade to 1.43.5 LTS.

[[User:Juho Kunsola/log/2026|Wiki log for 2026]]

'''Figure out'''
*

'''TODO'''
* Harvest [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.12043.pdf '''Protecting President Zelenskyy against deep fakes''' a 2022 preprint at arxiv.org] by Matyáš Boháček of Johannes Kepler Gymnasium and [[w:Hany Farid]] for the essential and interesting previous work in it. I saw enough to know that these guys are liquid gold in the science-hottness meter.
* Renaming and rescoping [[Help against appearance and voice theft]]. Hopefully a brother in Jesus will come over and help me out in the near future with this and various other questions
* [[wikidata:Wikidata:WikiProject Human rights/organization/human rights organizations]] is a great place to spot human rights organizations. The list is updated by a bot from Wikidata.

''' INCOMING '''
* [[commons:Commons:Timed Text]]
* Scrape [[w:Tron:_Legacy#Sound_and_visual_effects]] for more information on Disney's technology
* [[w:Wikipedia:Extended image syntax]]

''' IN PROGRESS '''
* [https://wordpress.org/plugins/wp-wiki-tooltip/ '''WP Wiki Tooltip''' Wordpress plugin by Nico Danneberg] that provides tooltips from wiki into Wordpress was installed. It seems to work fine and it possibility to fetch tooltips from multiple wikis. Need to redo the links the Wordpress https://stop-synthetic-filth.org/wp/ with WP Wiki Tooltip. They need a lot of fixing after the recent changes to article names and new articles.

'''EVALUATING'''
* [[mw:Extension:MediaWikiChat]] could be an useful thing to add to this wiki. Its release status is listed as "stable".

* Considering [[mw:Extension:Cargo]] and [[mw:Extension:Page Forms]] for structured data in-wiki in SSFWIKI. Other alternative would be [[mw:Wikibase]]. Yaron Koren, who wrote Cargo, also wrote the [https://workingwithmediawiki.com/book/ ''''''Working with MediaWiki''''' book at workingwithmediawiki.com]. In the book the relevant parts are found in [https://workingwithmediawiki.com/book/chapter16.html Chapter 16 - ''Cargo and Semantic MediaWiki''] and [https://workingwithmediawiki.com/book/chapter17.html Chapter 17 - ''Page Forms''].

* For Wordpress moving away from Polylang to automatic translation with [https://wordpress.org/plugins/gtranslate/ GTranslate]. Whether GTranslate would play along nicely with WP Wiki Tooltip and RDP Wiki Embed remains to be discovered. Maybe set up a staging Wordpress just to test this out. There is [https://wordpress.org/plugins/google-language-translator/ an another Wordpress translator plugin called 'Google Language Translator'] with very high reviews, but it has been purchased by the company behind Gtranslate, and remains to see if the plan to phase out that.

'''DONE'''
* [https://wordpress.org/plugins/rdp-wiki-embed/ '''RDP Wiki Embed''' Wordpress plugin by Robert D Payne at wordpress.org] allows embedding (with reformatting possible) of [[mw:MediaWiki]] articles into Wordpress. See e.g. https://stop-synthetic-filth.org/wp/2021/12/a-disarming-weapon-against-synthetic-filth-by-facepinpoint-com-existed-from-2017-to-2021/ for how it works.

----
== October ==
=== Thursday 2025-10-30 ===
Making and verifying backups and taking a snapshot in preparation for MediaWiki upgrade to 1.43.5 LTS.

== July ==
=== Wednesday 2025-07-02 ===
Upgraded the MediaWiki to 1.43.3 (LTS). Taking a snapshot and making backups.

Making and verifying backups and taking a snapshot in preparation for MediaWiki upgrade to 1.43.2 (LTS)

== April ==

=== Sunday 2025-04-27 ===
Renewed the domain-name stop-synthetic-filth.org till Monday 2035-01-15.

=== Tuesday 2025-04-15 ===
Subscribed to ChatGPT-plus.

=== Saturday 2025-04-12 ===
Upgraded the MediaWikis to 1.43.1 (LTS) with an upgrade script that ChatGPT helped me to make based on my existing documented workflow, helping me make it a proper script. Made backups and took a snapshot.

=== Friday 2025-04-11 ===
Making and verifying backups in preparation for upgrade to 1.43.1. Going to take a snapshot and upgrade the wikis tomorrow. With some help from ChatGPT I'm tweaking my semi-automated system for doing upgrades the "clean and safe" way by installing into a clean location and copying relevant files over from the older version wiki.

== March ==
=== Monday 2025-03-31 ===
Found an answer to the question "Why [[mw:MediaWiki:Mobile.js]] is no longer displayed to users of the mobile interface?". And the answer is that the MediaWiki developers moved that to [[mw:MediaWiki:Minerva.js]], probably in 1.43.<ref>Answer found in this topic-thread https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Topic:Yb4dz9jg9a4deodo</ref> So fixed the situation and also did some housekeeping on the Minerva.js.

== February ==
=== Sunday 2025-02-23 ===
Took a snapshot of the system disk and installed [[mw:Extension:EmbedVideo (fork)]] to replace the unmaintained original extension. Taking a new snapshot

== January ==
=== Friday 2025-01-24 ===
* Upgraded from legacy LTS 1.39.11 to new LTS 1.43. Made backups and imaged the system disk. Problems encountered:
** [[mw:Extension:OATHAuth]] did not seem to apply its schema changes, or perhaps the schema changes should have been performed in an earlier upgrade. Found workaround of manually running <code>mediawiki/extensions/OATHAuth/sql/mysql/tables-generated.sql </code> in [[mw:Topic:Yakailc03f0u43c0]]
** On [[ssfwiki:Main Page]] the [[mw:Extension:EmbedVideo]] seems abandoned and was not compatible with 1.43. Noticed there is a fork of it that seems actively maintained [[mw:Extension:EmbedVideo (fork)]].
** On [[ciumd:Main Page]] - Consumerium.org development wiki had two stray entries with null values where an article name should have been in its database, but this issue was resolved with knowledgeable and compassionate help from the good people at #mediawiki. Found the rows with <code>'SELECT * FROM pagelinks WHERE pl_title = <nowiki>''</nowiki>;</code>. The error I got from MediaWiki update.php when "Running migrateLinksTable.php on pagelinks..." and doing "Populating the pl_target_id column": <code>"Wikimedia\Assert\ParameterAssertionException from line 72 of [...]/mediawiki/vendor/wikimedia/assert/src/Assert.php: Bad value for parameter $title: should not be empty unless namespace is main"</code>

=== Thursday 2025-01-23 ===
* Upgraded to newest version of legacy LTS: 1.39.11. Made backups of this state and imaged the system disk. No problems encountered.

* Making and verifying backups and taking snapshot in preparation of two-phase upgrade from MediaWiki 1.39.10 via 1.39.11 to the new LTS 1.43

----
[[User:Juho Kunsola/log/2024|Wiki log for 2024]]

Laws against synthesis and other related crimes

2025-09-29T13:49:55Z

Juho Kunsola: /* Laws against synthesis crimes in France */ + w:fr:Loi visant à sécuriser et réguler l'espace numérique

[[File:No-synthetic-F.png|thumb|right|260px|link=Main Page|This article is an attempt to track legislation against '''[[synthetic human-like fakes]]''' world-wide.]]
[[File:Screenshot at 27s of a moving digital-look-alike made to appear Obama-like by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed 2018.png|thumb|right|480px|link=Mediatheque/2018/Obama's appearance thieved - a public service announcement digital look-alike by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Obama-like-fake-2018}}]]
[[File:Appearance of Richard Nixon stolen by the Center for Advanced Virtuality of MIT for their awareness raising project In The Event of Moon Disaster 2020 screenshot at 376s.png|thumb|rightr|480px|link=Mediatheque/2020/Nixon's appearance and voice stolen - a public service announcement digital look-alike and sound-alike by MIT's Center for Advanced Virtuality|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Nixon-like-fake-2020}}]]
[[File:Justice scale silhouette, medium.svg|thumb|right|200px|Do you know of a law or jurisdiction that this list does not include? Add it! Or let us know through the chat in the lower-righthand side!]]

This article contains some current laws against abusive uses of synthetic human-like fakes and also information what kind of laws are being prepared and two SSFWIKI original law proposals, [[#Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth|one against digital look-alikes]] and [[#Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice|one against digital sound-alikes]].

'''Information elsewhere / legal information compilations''' (recommended)
<section begin=anti-fake-law-compilations/>
* <section begin=ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker/>[https://legislation.ballotpedia.org/ai-deepfakes/home '''''AI deepfake legislation tracker''''' at legislation.ballotpedia.org] by Ballotpedia.org for tracking US legislation.<section end=ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker/>
* {{#lst:Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|cybercivilrights.org law compilations}}
* <section begin=responsible.ai 2023/>[https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches '''''A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches''''' at responsible.ai]<ref name="responsible.ai 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches
| title = A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches
| last = Lawson
| first = Amanda
| date = 2023-04-24
| website = responsible.ai
| publisher = Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> April 2023 compilation and reporting by Amanda Lawson of the Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute.<section end=responsible.ai 2023/>
* <section begin=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>[https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/ '''''The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology''''' at legaljournal.princeton.edu]<ref name="Princeton Legal Journal 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/
| title = The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology
| last = Quirk
| first = Caroline
| date = 2023-06-19
| website = legaljournal.princeton.edu
| publisher = Princeton Legal Journal
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}

</ref> compilation and reporting by Caroline Quirk. PLJ is Princeton’s only student-run law review.<section end=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>
* <section begin=tech policy press 2023/>[https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/ '''''Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography''''' at techpolicy.press]<ref name="tech policy press 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/
| title = Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography
| last = Williams
| first = Kaylee
| date = 2023-05-15
| website = techpolicy.press
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> May 2023 compilation and reporting by Kaylee Williams<section end=tech policy press 2023/>

* <section begin=Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA/>[https://foundationra.com/deepfake-ai-laws/ '''''Deepfake AI laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com], [https://foundationra.com/sextortion-laws/ '''''Sextortion laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com] and [https://foundationra.com/revenge-porn-laws-us/ '''''Revenge porn laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com] compilations by [https://foundationra.com/ Foundation RA]<section end=Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA/>
* <section begin=Onfido 2024/>[https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/ '''''Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?''''' at onfido.com]<ref name="Onfido 2024">
{{cite web
| url = https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/
| title = Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?
| last = Owen
| first = Aled
| date = 2024-02-02
| website = onfido.com
| publisher = Onfido
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> February 2024 summary and compilation by Aled Owen, Director of Global Policy at Onfido (for-profit)<section end=Onfido 2024/>

* <section begin=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>[https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html '''''Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?''''' at criminaldefenselawyer.com] <ref name="criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html
| title = Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?
| last = Pirius
| first = Rebecca
| date = 2024-02-07
| website = Criminaldefenselawyer.com
| publisher = [[w:Nolo (publisher)]]
| access-date = 2024-02-22
| quote =
}}

</ref> by Rebecca Pirius is a good bring-together of the current illegality/legality situation in the USA federally and state-wise. Published by [[w:Nolo (publisher)]], updated Feb 2024<section end=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>

* <section begin=tclf 2023/>[https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/ '''''Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace''''' at tclf.in]<ref name="tclf 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/
| title = Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace
| last = Rastogi
| first = Janvhi
| date = 2023-10-16
| website = tclf.in
| publisher = The Contemporary Law Forum
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> October 2023 compilation and reporting by Janvhi Rastogi, published in the The Contemporary Law Forum.<section end=tclf 2023/>

* <section begin=endcyberabuse.org/>[https://endcyberabuse.org/country-factsheets/ '''''The Law on Image-Based Sexual Abuse Worldwide''''' at endcyberabuse.org] contains information for Bangladesh, Canada, England and Wales, France, Germany, India, Japan, Pakistan, Philippines and the USA.<section end=endcyberabuse.org/>
<section end=anti-fake-law-compilations/>

'''New laws'''
* [[#UK|UK]]'s [[#Online Safety Act 2023|Online Safety Act 2023]] has been passed to law and reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.
* The [[#EU|European Union]] has finalized a law package to regulate AI called the [[#Artificial Intelligence Act|Artificial Intelligence Act]]

'''New bills are currently in the works in'''
* Current [[#Bills in the EU|bills in the EU]] of high importance are the almost finalized [[#Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence|Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence]] and the [[#Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse|Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]
* [[#Current bills in the USA|US Senate is considering an anti-fake bill and the House is considering several bills]]
* [[#Canada|Canada]] is considering C-27
* [[#China|China]] seems to be planning to ban all synthetic pornography, however consensual its making was

'''Bills that didn't make it'''
* [[#Canada|Canada's House of Commons]] was considering banning all pornographic content, for which there is no proof-of-age and written consent from everybody visible in the pornographic recording.
* [[#Past bills in the USA|Past bills in the USA]]

= International =
The '''[[w:Convention on Cybercrime]]''', also known as the '''Budapest Convention on Cybercrime''' or the '''Budapest Convention''', is the first international [[w:treaty]] seeking to address [[w:Internet]] and [[w:computer crime]] (cybercrime) harmonizing [[w:municipal law|national laws]], improving investigative techniques, and increasing cooperation among nations.<ref>[https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=185 Convention on Cybercrime, Budapest, 23 November 2001.]</ref> (Wikipedia) The. convention was signed on 2001-11-23

'''[[w:Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime]]''', concerning the criminalisation of acts of a racist and xenophobic nature committed through computer systems is an additional protocol to the [[w:Council of Europe]] Convention on Cybercrime.

= Australia =

[[File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|thumb|right|200px|Australia]]

== Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Act 2024 ==
'''The Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024'''<ref group="1st seen in">ChatGPT Deep research on augmenting this list of laws</ref> criminalized the creation, distribution, and even possession of explicit synthetic human-like fakes without consent.<ref name="GLI2024">https://www.globallegalinsights.com/news/australia-introduces-legislation-to-combat-deepfake-sexual-material/</ref>

Those who create a sexual deepfake of someone without consent face up to 10 years in prison. Those who share or distribute such material (even if they didn’t create it) can get up to 7 years, and merely possessing deepfake porn can lead to 5 years behind bars. Penalties escalate for aggravated cases – if the deepfake is used to harass or blackmail or if the victim is a minor, sentences can reach 15 years.<ref name="GLI2024"/>

'''Official'''
* [https://ministers.ag.gov.au/media-centre/new-criminal-laws-combat-sexually-explicit-deepfakes-21-08-2024 '''''New criminal laws to combat sexually explicit deepfakes''''' at ministers.ag.gov.au]
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/bd/bd2324a/24bd081 '''''Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024 digest''' at aph.gov.au] by Owen Griffiths.
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_LEGislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r7205 '''''Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024''''' progression summary at aph.gov.au]

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.globallegalinsights.com/news/australia-introduces-legislation-to-combat-deepfake-sexual-material/ '''''Australia introduces legislation to combat deepfake sexual material''''' at globallegalinsights.com]

== Online Safety Act 2021 ==

The [https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2021A00076/latest/text '''Online Safety Act 2021''' at legislation.gov.au]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing paper">https://equalitynow.org/resource/briefing-paper-deepfake-image-based-sexual-abuse-tech-facilitated-sexual-exploitation-and-the-law/</ref> regulates the non-consensual sharing or threatening to share sexual images.

If the synthetic fake human-like images depict illegal and restricted online content, then the Online Content Scheme, as defined in the Online Safety Act 2021, may apply.<ref name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing">https://equalitynow.org/resource/briefing-paper-deepfake-image-based-sexual-abuse-tech-facilitated-sexual-exploitation-and-the-law/</ref>

[https://www.esafety.gov.au/ '''Office of the eSafety Commissioner''' at esafety.gov.au] is Australia's independent regulator for online safety.

'''Links'''
* [https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/whats-on/online-safety-act '''''Learn about the Online Safety Act''''' at esafety.gov.au]
* [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-technology-communications/internet/online-safety/current-legislation '''''Key elements of the Online Safety Act 2021''''' at infrastructure.gov.au]
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_LEGislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r6680 '''Online Safety Bill 2021''' at aph.gov.au]
* [https://foundationra.com/australia/ '''Revenge porn laws in Australia''' at foundationra.com]

= Canada =
[[File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg|thumb|right|200px|House of Commons of Canada was contemplating banning distribution of all pornography for which there are no consent declarations and proof-of-age for the people depicted.]]

The existing Canadian law ban the distribution of non-consensual disclosure of intimate images.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

== Active bills in Canada ==
=== Digital Charter Implementation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-27 ===
[https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/c-27 '''''Digital Charter Implementation Act''''' at parl.ca] or ''An Act to enact the Consumer Privacy Protection Act, the Personal Information and Data Protection Tribunal Act and the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act and to make consequential and related amendments to other Acts''

== Past bills in Canada ==
=== Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-270 ===

* [https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading House of Commons of Canada bill '''C-270''' ''''''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'''''' at parl.ca], an act to amend the [[w:Criminal Code (Canada)|Criminal Code]] regarding pornography was first read to the Commons by [[w:Arnold Viersen]] on Thursday 2022-04-28 at 10:15.

According to [https://www.townandcountrytoday.com/local-news/mp-submits-private-members-bill-for-second-time-5346232 townandcountrytoday.com] the author of the bill introduced an identical bill '''C-302''' on Thursday 2021-05-27, but that got killed off by oncoming federal elections

'''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''' - '''An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)''' is a private member's bill by Arnold Viersen ([https://www.arnoldviersen.ca/ Official Site at arnoldviersen.ca])

'''Summary of the C-270 from parl.ca'''
<blockquote>
"''This enactment amends the Criminal Code to prohibit a person from making, distributing or advertising pornographic material for commercial purposes without having first ascertained that, at the time the material was made, '''each person''' whose image is '''depicted''' in the material was '''18 years of age''' or older and '''gave their express consent''' to their image being depicted.''"</blockquote><ref name="Canada C-270">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading
|title= Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)
|last=Viersen
|first=Arnold
|date=2022-04-28
|website=parl.ca
|publisher=[[w:House of Commons of Canada]]
|access-date=2022-10-06
|quote=}}

</ref>

'''Sommaire en français / Summary in French'''
<blockquote>
''Le texte modifie le Code criminel afin d’interdire à toute personne de produire ou de distribuer du matériel pornographique à des fins commerciales, ou d’en faire la publicité, sans s’être au préalable assurée qu’au moment de la production du matériel, '''chaque personne''' dont l’image y est représentée '''était âgée de dix-huit ans''' ou plus et '''avait donné son consentement exprès''' à ce que son image y soit représentée''.</blockquote><ref>Bilingual version of C-270 https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf</ref>

'''Links'''

* [https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' in English et en français at publications.gc.ca]
* [https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/C-270 Parliament of Canada LEGISinfo: C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at parl.ca] in English
* [https://openparliament.ca/bills/44-1/C-270/ C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at openparliament.ca] includes motivation of Mr. Arnold Viersen and the co-sponsor of the bill Mr. Garnett Genuis.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.conservative.ca/mp-viersen-reintroduces-the-stopping-internet-sexual-exploitation-sise-act/ ''MP Viersen reintroduces the Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation (SISE) Act'' at conservative.ca]

----

= China =
This information should be updated.
[[File:Flag of China.png|thumb|right|200px|China passed a law requiring faked footage to be labeled as such, effective 2020-01-01]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in China ==

=== Mandatory labeling of fake media in China since 2020 ===
<section begin=China2020 />On Wednesday January 1 2020 Chinese law requiring that synthetically faked footage should bear a clear notice about its fakeness came into effect. Failure to comply could be considered a [[w:crime]] the [[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]] ([http://www.cac.gov.cn/ cac.gov.cn]) stated on its website. China announced this new law in November 2019.<ref name="Reuters2019">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-technology/china-seeks-to-root-out-fake-news-and-deepfakes-with-new-online-content-rules-idUSKBN1Y30VU
| title = China seeks to root out fake news and deepfakes with new online content rules
| last =
| first =
| date = 2019-11-29
| website = [[w:Reuters.com]]
| publisher = [[w:Reuters]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref> The Chinese government seems to be reserving the right to prosecute both users and [[w:online video platform]]s failing to abide by the rules. <ref name="TheVerge2019">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/29/20988363/china-deepfakes-ban-internet-rules-fake-news-disclosure-virtual-reality
| title = China makes it a criminal offense to publish deepfakes or fake news without disclosure
| last = Statt
| first = Nick
| date = 2019-11-29
| website =
| publisher = [[w:The Verge]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref>
<section end=China2020 />

=== Deep Synthesis Provisions 2023 ===
On Tuesday 2023-01-10 the Deep Synthesis Provisions came into effect. It was originally drafted in 2022 by the '''[[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]]''' as [https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/deep-synthesis-draft/ '''''Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis Internet Information Services''''' (Draft for solicitation of comments) at chinalawtranslate.com] or [http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-01/28/c_1644970458520968.htm view the Chinese language draft '''''国家互联网信息办公室关于《互联网信息服务深度合成管理规定（征求意见稿）》公开征求意见的通知''''' at cac.gov.cn]<ref group="1st seen in">'''Politico AI: Decoded''' mailing list Wednesday 2022-02-02</ref>.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://thediplomat.com/2023/03/chinas-new-legislation-on-deepfakes-should-the-rest-of-asia-follow-suit/ '''''China’s New Legislation on Deepfakes: Should the Rest of Asia Follow Suit?''''' at thediplomat.com] March 2023 reporting
----
= Denmark =
[[File:Animated flag GIFGIFs Denmark.gif|thumb|right|300px|Denmark is considering a novel approach against synthetic filth, by planning to give Danes copyright over their own appearance and voice, a shift from previous legislative approaches against [[synthetic human-like fakes]].]]
Denmark is currently considering changing its laws so that each Dane would have copyright over their own appearance and voice. The Danish approach is novel because it creates a [[w:Right to property|w:property right]] in one’s biometric identity, treating voice/appearance like [[w:intellectual property]], whereas the previous legislative steps elsewhere have been harms-based.

The legislative proposal comes from the Department of Culture of Denmark and is said to have massive support among MPs.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/> The planned changes to Danish copyright law will, once approved, theoretically give people in Denmark the right to demand that online platforms remove content that is in violation of a Danish human's copyright.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/> Parodies and satire get an exception and would still be permitted.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/>

{{Q|“I am extremely proud that we are now sending an unequivocal signal to all citizens that they have the right to their own body, their own voice, and their own facial features.
In a time when technology has outpaced legislation, I am pleased that so many parties in Parliament are joining to protect artists and everyday people from the digital identity theft that can now be done with just a few clicks.
We must not accept that human beings can simply go through the digital copy machine and be misused for all sorts of purposes.
Technology is developing rapidly, and in the future it will be even harder to distinguish reality from fiction in the digital world.
Therefore, it is high time that we build a safeguard against the spread of misinformation while also sending a clear signal to the tech giants.”|Jakob Engel-Schmidt, Culture Minister of Denmark (translated)<ref>https://kum.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/bred-aftale-om-deepfakes-giver-alle-ret-til-egen-krop-og-egen-stemme translation by ChatGPT</ref>|the Danish law initiative to give humans copyright to their own voice and appearance}}

'''Official'''
* [https://kum.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/bred-aftale-om-deepfakes-giver-alle-ret-til-egen-krop-og-egen-stemme '''''Bred aftale om deepfakes giver alle ret til egen krop og egen stemme''''' at kum.dk] press release of the Ministry of Culture on the new planned biometrics copyright protection bill Thursday 2025-06-26

'''Reporting'''

* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jun/27/deepfakes-denmark-copyright-law-artificial-intelligence '''''Denmark to tackle deepfakes by giving people copyright to their own features''''' at theguardian.com] by Miranda Bryant 2025-06-27<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025">
{{cite web
|last = Bryant
|first = Miranda
|date = 2025-06-27
|title = Denmark to tackle deepfakes by giving people copyright to their own features
|url = https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jun/27/deepfakes-denmark-copyright-law-artificial-intelligence
|website = theguardian.com
|location = UK
|publisher = The Guardian
|access-date = 2026-08-22
|quote = The Danish culture minister, Jakob Engel-Schmidt, said he hoped the bill before parliament would send an “unequivocal message” that everybody had the right to the way they looked and sounded. He told the Guardian: “In the bill we agree and are sending an unequivocal message that everybody has the right to their own body, their own voice and their own facial features, which is apparently not how the current law is protecting people against generative AI.”
}}
</ref>
* [https://www.euronews.com/next/2025/06/30/denmark-fights-back-against-deepfakes-with-copyright-protection-what-other-laws-exist-in-e '''''Denmark fights back against deepfakes with copyright protection. What other laws exist in Europe?''''' at euronews.com]<ref name="euronews-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025">
{{cite web
|last = Desmarais
|first = Anna
|date = 2025-06-30
|title = Denmark fights back against deepfakes with copyright protection. What other laws exist in Europe?
|url = https://www.euronews.com/next/2025/06/30/denmark-fights-back-against-deepfakes-with-copyright-protection-what-other-laws-exist-in-e
|website = euronews.com
|location = EU
|publisher = Euronews
|access-date = 2025-08-22
|quote = Denmark will give people copyright over their own likenesses as a way to fight back against generated “deepfake” videos, as countries around the world grapple with the rapid rise of artificial intelligence (AI). In a statement, the Danish government said the bill, which has been agreed upon by all major parties, will make it illegal to share deepfakes and other “digital imitations” of a person’s characteristics. “We are now sending an unequivocal signal to all citizens that you have the right to your own body, your own voice and your own facial features,” Denmark’s culture minister Jakob Engel-Schmidt said in a statement.
}}
</ref> reporting and outline of laws in other EU countries by Anna Desmarais 2025-06-30
* [https://lsj.com.au/articles/denmark-proposes-copyright-laws-to-protect-against-deepfakes/ '''''Denmark proposes copyright laws to protect against deepfakes''''' at lsj.com.au] reporting and analysis by Cat Woods 2025-07-16
* [https://www.indiatimes.com/news/your-face-your-rights-denmarks-tough-new-deepfake-law-could-change-how-ai-imitations-are-handled-across-europe/articleshow/122759842.html ''''''Your face, your rights': Denmark’s tough new Deepfake law could change how AI imitations are handled across Europe''''' at indiatimes.com] reporting putting the new move in bigger context, by Nancy Jaiswal 2025-07-10

----

= EU =
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|200px|The EU must address the malicious uses of AI in the law it is planning to regulate AI.]]
== Laws in the EU ==
=== Artificial Intelligence Act ===

The European Union has a law on AI called '''[[w:Artificial Intelligence Act]]'''. The European Commission proposed the AI Act in 2021. On Wednesday 2024-03-13 the MEPs adopted this law.<ref>

{{cite web
| url = https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law
| title = Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law
| last =
| first =
| date = 2024-03-13
| website = europarl.europa.eu
| publisher = [[w:European Parliament]]
| access-date = 2024-03-22
| quote = The regulation, agreed in negotiations with member states in December 2023, was endorsed by MEPs with 523 votes in favour, 46 against and 49 abstentions.
}}

</ref> The AI Act will have a key role in the effective implementation of upcoming EU [[#Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence|Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence]] and [[#Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse|Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]] that intend to protect us against synthetic pornography.

* European '''Artificial Intelligence Act''' has been approved by the member countries and is on track to be approved by April 2024.<ref>https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-artificial-intelligence-act-ai-technology-risk-rules/</ref> Read [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206 Proposal for a '''''REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL LAYING DOWN HARMONISED RULES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACT) AND AMENDING CERTAIN UNION LEGISLATIVE ACTS''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu]<ref group="1st seen in">https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/the-act/ via https://futureoflife.org/ newsletter</ref> (also contains translations)

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-europe-fit-for-the-digital-age/file-regulation-on-artificial-intelligence '''''Artificial intelligence act''''' in the Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu]

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law '''''Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a press announcement on the adoption of the Artificial Intelligence Act on Wednesday 2024-03-13.

'''Studies and information'''

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/stoa/en/document/EPRS_STU(2021)690039 '''''Tackling deepfakes in European policy''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a 2021 study by the Panel for the Future of Science and Technology and published by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]]. [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/690039/EPRS_STU(2021)690039_EN.pdf View .pdf at europarl.europa.eu]
* [https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/ '''''The EU Artificial Intelligence Act''''' at artificialintelligenceact.eu] is a website promising ''Up-to-date developments and analyses of the EU AI Act'' on the new EU law by the [https://futureoflife.org/ Future of Life Institute], an American non-profit NGO.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euractiv.com/section/artificial-intelligence/opinion/the-ai-act-vs-deepfakes-a-step-forward-but-is-it-enough/ '''''The AI Act vs. deepfakes: A step forward, but is it enough?''''' at euractiv.com], 2024-02-26 opinion piece by Cristina Vanberghen

=== Digital Services Act ===
[https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/digital-services-act-package '''The Digital Services Act''' package at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] [[w:Digital Services Act]] (DSA) came into force in November 2022.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

The Artificial Intelligence Act and Digital Services Act together will help in the enforcement of the upcoming protections to shield us from synthesis crimes.

=== Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence ===
The [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/1385/oj/eng '''''Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu] requires, among other things, that member states criminalize non-consensual [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|synthetic digital look-alike]] pornography in their criminal codes. The directive became active on 2024-05-14 and entered into force on 2024-06-13 and the directive must be implemented in the criminal codes of the member states within 3 years of when it came into force i.e. by Sunday 2027-06-13.

'''Official'''

* [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/1385/oj/eng '''Directive (EU) 2024/1385 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 May 2024 on combating violence against women and domestic violence''' at eur-lex.europa.eu] available in all languages of the EU

* [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/1385/oj/eng '''''Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' original EU Commission proposal at commission.europa.eu]

* [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52022PC0105 '''''Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu] has the directive text in all languages and various formats

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-new-push-for-european-democracy/file-legislative-proposal-on-gender-based-violence '''''Legislative proposal on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu]

* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_649 '''''Commission welcomes political agreement on new rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-02-06 press release by the [[w:European Commission]].

* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_1533 '''''International Women's Day 2022: Commission proposes EU-wide rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-03-08 press release by the EC.

'''Unofficial'''

* [https://hateaid.org/en/eu-protects-women-from-digital-violence/ '''''Deepfakes and dick pics: EU protects women from digital violence''''' at hateaid.org], a 2024-02-07 press release by HateAid.org

* [https://futureoflife.org/ai-policy/disrupting-the-deepfake-pipeline-in-europe/ '''''Disrupting the Deepfake Pipeline in Europe''''' at futureoflife.org], 2024-02-22 article on the approach of ''Leveraging corporate criminal liability under the Violence Against Women Directive to safeguard against pornographic deepfake exploitation'' by Alexandra Tsalidis

== Bills in the EU ==

=== Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse ===

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-promoting-our-european-way-of-life/file-combating-child-sexual-abuse-online '''''New legislation to fight child sexual abuse online''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''tabled''. (As of March 2024)
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/ '''''Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/timeline-prevention-of-online-child-sexual-abuse/ '''''Timeline - Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]

{{Q|The '''Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse''' ('''Child Sexual Abuse Regulation''', or '''CSAR''') is a [[w:European Union regulation]] proposed by the [[w:European Commissioner for Home Affairs]] [[w:Ylva Johansson]] on 11 May 2022. The stated aim of the legislation is to prevent child sexual abuse online through the implementation of a number of measures, including the establishment of a framework that would make the detection and reporting of child sexual abuse material ([[w:Child pornography|CSAM]]) by digital platforms a legal requirement within the European Union.|Wikipedia as of March 2024|[[w:Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]}}

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/02/06/new-eu-rules-will-criminalise-paedophilia-handbooks-and-deepfakes-of-child-abuse '''''New EU rules will criminalise 'paedophilia handbooks' and deepfakes of child abuse''''' at euronews.com], 2024-02-06 reporting

== Code of practice on Disinformation 2022 ==
The [https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation '''2022 Code of Practice on Disinformation''' at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] - ''Major online platforms, emerging and specialised platforms, players in the advertising industry, fact-checkers, research and civil society organisations delivered a strengthened Code of Practice on Disinformation following the Commission’s Guidance of May 2021''.<ref>https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation</ref>

= Finland =
[[File:Flag of Finland.svg|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|200px|Finland finally updated its laws in 2023 against synthetic filth attacks against adults.]]
[[File:Suomen lippu valokuva.png|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|255px|Finland strongly criminalized synthetic sexual pictures depicting children in 2011, upon the initiative of the [[w:Vanhanen II Cabinet]]]]
== Laws in Finland ==

[[File:Flag_of_Finland.svg|link=Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023|25px]] Suomeksi / in Finnish [[Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023]]

=== Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|what-is-it}}

=== Finland criminalized synthetic CSAM in 2011 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|history}}

----
= France =
== Laws against synthesis crimes in France ==
=== LOI n° 2024-449 du 21 mai 2024 visant à sécuriser et à réguler l'espace numérique ===
[https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/dossierlegislatif/JORFDOLE000047533100/ LOI n° 2024-449 du 21 mai 2024 visant à sécuriser et à réguler l'espace numérique at legifrance.gouv.fr]<ref name="SREN-Legifrance">

{{citeweb
|title=Loi n° 2024-449 du 21 mai 2024 visant à sécuriser et à réguler l’espace numérique
|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000049563368
|publisher=Légifrance – Journal officiel
|access-date=2025-08-31}}

</ref>

* [[w:fr:Loi visant à sécuriser et réguler l'espace numérique]]

=== Droit à l'image et respect de la vie privée ===
[https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F32103 '''''Droit à l'image et respect de la vie privée''''' at service-public.fr] or in English [https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F32103?lang=en '''''Right to the image and respect for privacy''''' at service-public.fr] (automatic translation)

----

= Germany =
[[File:Flag of Germany.svg|thumb|right|200px|Existing German laws provide protection against appearance theft.]]
* [https://mj-cohen.com/2020/01/03/deepfakes-and-german-law/ '''''Deepfakes and German law''''' at mj-cohen.com], January 2020 summary by Maureen Cohen states that the existing German laws are well equipped rendering non-consensual digital look-alikes illegal.

----
= India =
[[File:Flag of India.svg|thumb|right|200px|India]]

'''Laws in India'''

Laws in India can be accessed through the [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/ '''India Code''' at indiacode.nic.in]

'''[[w:Information Technology Act, 2000]]'''
* Section 66. - '''Computer related offences.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=76&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66A. - Omitted. Would have been ''Punishment for sending offensive messages through communication service, etc.''
** Section 66B. - Punishment for dishonestly receiving stolen computer resource or communication device.
** Section 66C. - '''Punishment for identity theft.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=79&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66D. - '''Punishment for cheating by personation by using computer resource.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=80&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66E. - '''Punishment for violation of privacy.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=81#:~:text=Whoever%2C%20intentionally%20or%20knowingly%20captures,two%20lakh%20rupees%2C%20or%20with</ref>
** Section 66F. - Punishment for cyber terrorism.
* Section 67. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting obscene material in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=83&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67A. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material containing sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=84&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67B. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material depicting children in sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=85&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67C. - Preservation and retention of information by intermediaries.

'''[[w:Information Technology Rules, 2021]]'''

'''Past bills in India'''
* [[w:Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019]]
'''Legal compilations on the legal situation against synthetic filth in India'''
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|tclf 2023}}
* [https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916 '''''Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture''''' at livelaw.in]<ref name="Livelaw.in 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916
| title = Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture
| last = Rana
| first = Vikrant
| last2 = Gandhi
| first2 = Anuradha
| last3 = Thakur
| first3 = Rachita
| date = 2023-11-24
| website = livelaw.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-21
| quote =
}}
</ref> 2023-11-24 compilation on laws against synthetic fakes in India, by Vikrant Rana, Anuradha Gandhi and Rachita Thakur
* [https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/ '''''What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?''''' at cybercert.in]<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/
| title = What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website = cybercert.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-03-23
| quote = At present, India does not have any law specifically for deep fake cybercrime, but various other laws can be combined to deal with it.
}}
</ref>
* [https://cybercert.in/indian-cyber-laws/ '''''Cyberlaw in India''''' at cybercert.in] provides a wider look into the Indian Cyber Laws

----
= New Zealand =
[[File:Flag of New Zealand.svg|thumb|right|200px|New Zealand]]

* [https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2015/0063/latest/whole.html ''''Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015'''' at legislation.govt.nz]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing paper"/> criminalises intimate visual recordings and image-based sexual abuse.

* '''[[w:Netsafe]]''' [https://netsafe.org.nz/ netsafe.org.nz] is an online safety non-profit organisation in New Zealand. It provides educational, anti-bullying and support services. The organisation is contracted under the [[w:Harmful Digital Communications Act]] until 2026. (Wikipedia)

* [https://www.cert.govt.nz/ '''CERT.govt.nz'''], the [[w:Computer emergency response team]] of New Zealand - "''Responding to cyber security threats in New Zealand - CERT NZ is your first port of call when you need to report a cyber security problem.''"

* The '''[[w:Department of Internal Affairs]]''' investigates the possession of, and trading in, child exploitation material.<ref>https://www.police.govt.nz/advice-services/cybercrime-and-internet/online-child-safety</ref>

'''Links regarding the Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015'''
* [https://www.police.govt.nz/advice-services/cybercrime-and-internet/harmful-digital-communications-hdc ''''Harmful Digital Communications (HDC)'''' at police.govt.nz] by the [[w:New Zealand Police]]
* [https://www.justice.govt.nz/courts/civil/harmful-digital-communications/ ''''Harmful digital communications'''' at justice.govt.nz] by the [[w:Ministry of Justice (New Zealand)]]
* [https://netsafe.org.nz/what-is-the-hdca/ '''''What is the HDCA?''''' at netsafe.org.nz] by [[w:Netsafe]], the agency approved by the [[w:New Zealand Police]] to process complaints about harmful digital communications.
* See Wikipedia article on '''[[w:Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015]]''' for more info

----

= Singapore =
[[File:Flag of Singapore.svg|thumb|right|200px|Singapore]]
== Law in Singapore ==
=== Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019 ===

[[w:Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> is a [[w:statute]] of the [[w:Parliament of Singapore]] that enables authorities to tackle the spread of [[w:fake news]] or [[w:false information]]. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protection_from_Online_Falsehoods_and_Manipulation_Act_2019&oldid=1134029282 Wikipedia])

----

= South Africa =
[[File:Flag of the Republic of South Africa.svg|thumb|right|200px|[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 South Africa's relatively new Cybercrimes Act (Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020)] has been enacted only partially on Dec 1 2021]]

== Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020 ==
[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 '''South-Africa Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020''' (English / Afrikaans) at gov.za]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref> came only partially into effect on Wednesday 2021-12-01.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref>

* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-16-distribution-of-data-message-of-intimate-image/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 16 - Disclosure of data message of intimate image''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] Subsection 1 states <blockquote>''Any person (‘‘A’’) who unlawfully and intentionally discloses, by means of an electronic communications service, a data message of an intimate image of a person (‘‘B’’), without the consent of B, is guilty of an offence.''
</blockquote>

* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-17-attempting-conspiring-aiding-abetting-inducing-inciting-instigating-instructing-commanding-or-procuring-to-commit-offence/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 17 - Attempting, conspiring, aiding, abetting, inducing, inciting, instigating, instructing, commanding or procuring to commit offence''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] states
<blockquote>
Any person who unlawfully and intentionally
# attempts;
# conspires with any other person; or
# aids, abets, induces, incites, instigates, instructs, commands or procures another person, to commit an offence in terms of Part I or Part II of this Chapter, is guilty of an offence and is liable on conviction to the punishment to which a person convicted of actually committing that offence would be liable.
</blockquote>

'''Links'''
* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/ '''Cybercrimes Act''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] by Accessible Law contains the law in website format

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/ '''''Not all of the cogs in the Cybercrimes Act machine are turning at once — we still remain vulnerable''''' at dailymaverick.co.za]

----
= South Korea =
[[File:Flag of South Korea.svg|thumb|right|200px|South Korea has invested heavily in AI research and has also legislation to counter the menaces of synthetic human-like fakes.]]
== Law in South Korea ==
=== ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES ===
[https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawView.do?hseq=40947&lang=ENG '''ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES''' at elaw.klri.re.kr] is a law in South Korea.<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

----

= UK =
* {{#lst:Glossary|UK-Parliament-glossary}}
* {{#lst:Glossary|Law-Society-glossary}}

== Law against synthesis crimes in the UK ==
[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|thumb|right|200px|The UK has improved its legislation.]]

=== Anti-CSAM measures 2025 ===
On Saturday 2025-02-01 Home Secretary Yvette Cooper announced that the UK will be the 1st country in the world to<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-leading-the-way-protecting-children-from-online-predators</ref>
* "''make it illegal to possess, create or distribute AI tools designed to generate child sexual abuse material (CSAM), punishable by up to 5 years in prison''"
* "''make it illegal for anyone to possess AI ‘paedophile manuals’ which teach people how to use AI to sexually abuse children, punishable by up to 3 years in prison''"

Also a law to
* "''introduce a specific offence for predators who run websites designed for other paedophiles to share vile child sexual abuse content or advice on how to groom children, punishable by up to 10 years in prison''"

Additional powers will be given to the Border Force
* "''give Border Force the necessary powers to keep the UK safe and prevent the distribution of CSAM which is often filmed abroad by allowing officers to compel an individual who they reasonably suspect poses a sexual risk to children to unlock their digital devices for inspection, punishable by up to 3 years in prison, depending on the severity''"

Official
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-leading-the-way-protecting-children-from-online-predators '''''Britain's leading the way protecting children from online predators ''''' at gov.uk] - ''UK becomes the first country in the world to create new AI sexual abuse offences to protect children from predators generating AI images. ''

Reporting
* [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8d90qe4nylo '''''AI-generated child sex abuse images targeted with new laws''''' at bbc.com]
* [https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/02/uk/britain-criminalizes-ai-child-sex-abuse-intl-hnk/index.html '''''UK to target AI child sex abuse tools in world first legal crackdown''''' at edition.cnn.com]
* [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/2/uk-to-become-first-country-to-criminalise-ai-child-abuse-tools '''''UK to become first country to criminalise AI child abuse tools''''' at aljazeera.com]
* [https://www.voanews.com/a/uk-to-become-1st-country-to-criminalize-ai-child-abuse-tools/7959851.html '''''UK to become 1st country to criminalize AI child abuse tools''''' at voanews.com]

=== Creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in the UK 2024 ===
On Tuesday 2024-04-16 the UK announced that '''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK'''.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com]</ref> This is a very good move and next logical step would be the prohibition of non-consensually possessing other people's appearance models and voice models, as suggested in [[#Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola|Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola]]. There is really no logical reason to allow criminal leagues to legally possess and trade their libraries of models without this acquisition through covert modeling or trading and possession of raw materials (covert models) to produce the disinformation weapons being illegal.

Reporting
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''Creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com]

=== Online Safety Act 2023 ===
[[w:Online Safety Act 2023]] [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2023/50/enacted '''Online Safety Act 2023''' at legislation.gov.uk] received Royal Assent on 2023-10-26<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular</ref> and it reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.

* '''Part 4''' - '''CSEA reporting''' of the Act on CSEA reporting has not yet come into effect as of February 2024.
** Section 66 requires providers of services regulated under the Act to have systems and processes in place (so far as possible) to ensure that they report all detected and unreported CSEA content present on the service to the NCA (National Crime Agency)
** '''Offence in relation to CSEA reporting''' in Section 69
* '''Part 7''' – '''Enforcement offences'''
* '''Part 10''' - '''Communication offences''' establishes
** '''False communications offence''' in Section 179
** '''Threatening communications offence''' in Section 181
** '''Offences of sending or showing flashing images electronically''' in Section 183
** '''Offence of encouraging or assisting serious self-harm''' in Section 184
** '''Sending etc photograph or film of genitals''' in Section 187
** '''Sharing or threatening to share intimate photograph or film''' in Section 188

The Online Safety Act 2023 came to be from a House of Lords bill UK's [https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3137 '''HL Bill 151''' - '''''Online Safety Bill''''' at bills.parliament.uk] The bill originated from the House of Commons sessions 2021-22 2022-23.

* [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular '''''Online Safety Act: new criminal offences circular''''' at gov.uk] published 2024-01-31 - It is a ''circular is issued to inform the police and other relevant public authorities of certain provisions of the Online Safety Act in particular new criminal offences.''
* [https://www.ofcom.org.uk/news-centre/2023/safer-life-online-for-people-in-uk ''Creating a safer life online for people in the UK'' at ofcom.org.uk]

* [https://www.gov.uk/guidance/a-guide-to-the-online-safety-bill ''A guide to the Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/online-safety-bill ''Documents, publications and announcements relating to the government's Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]

'''Reporting and summaries of the Online Safety Act'''
* [https://www.infolaw.co.uk/newsletter/2023/11/the-online-safety-act-2023-a-primer/ '''''The Online Safety Act 2023: a primer''''' at infolaw.co.uk], a 2023 primer on the Online Safety Act by Alex Heshmaty on 2023-11-29
* [https://www.epra.org/news_items/uk-the-online-safety-act-is-now-law-ofcom-s-powers-as-online-safety-regulator-have-officially-commenced '''''UK: The Online Safety Act is now law; Ofcom’s powers as online safety regulator have officially commenced''''' at epra.org] states that there will three successive implementation phases.

=== The Domestic Abuse Act 2021 Chapter 17, part 6 - Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films ===
'''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/contents/enacted Chapter 17] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/enacted Part 6 - ''Offences involving abusive or violent behaviour''] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted ''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films'' - ''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress'']

According to the UK-based [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/ '''Revenge Porn Helpline''' at revengepornhelpline.org.uk] article [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/ '''''What to do if someone is threatening to share your intimate images'''''] threats to share intimate images with the intent to cause distress is now an offense in UK law. This is included within the '''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' which was enacted into UK law on 29th June 2021.<ref>https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/</ref>

We don't know quite yet if the bug has been fixed, that if the pictures <u>are not pictures of you</u>, but [[synthetic human-like fakes]] the police cannot do anything.

'''Links'''
* [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted '''Domestic Abuse Act 2021''' / '''Chapter 17''' / '''Part 6''' / '''''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films''''' - '''''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress''''' at legislation.gov.uk]

=== Historical about the UK law against synthesis crimes ===

The UK law was not very up-to-date on the issue of synthetic filth until recent improvements.

The independent [[w:Law Commission (England and Wales)]] reviewed the law where it applies to taking, making and sharing intimate images without consent. The outcome of the consultation was due to be published later in 2021.<ref name="BBC2021">

{{cite web
|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-55546372
|title = 'Deepfake porn images still give me nightmares'
|last = Royle
|first = Sara
|date = 2021-01-05
|website = [[w:BBC Online]]
|publisher = [[w:BBC]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = She alerted the police to the images but was told that no action could be taken. Dr Aislinn O'Connell, a lecturer in law at Royal Holloway University of London, explained that Helen's case fell outside the current law.}}

</ref>

"In 2019, law expert Dr Aislinn O’Connell told [[w:The Independent]] that our current laws on image sharing are piecemeal and not fit for purpose. In October 2018 The [[w:Women and Equalities Committee]] called on the UK Government to introduce new legislation on image-based sexual abuse in order to '''criminalise ALL''' non-consensual creation and distribution of intimate sexual images."<ref name="MortPetition2020">

{{cite web
|url = https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images
|title = Change.org petition: 'Tighten regulation on taking, making and faking explicit images'
|last = Mort
|first = Helen
|date = 2020
|website = [[w:Change.org]]
|publisher = [[w:Change.org]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = Unlike other forms of revenge porn, creating pictures or videos like this is not yet illegal in the UK, though it is in some places in the US. The police were unable to help me.}}

</ref> This call is for similar laws as California put in place on January 1 2020.

----

= USA =

[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|thumb|right|200px|Various US states have enacted state laws aimed against synthetic human-like fakes and since May 2025 through the [[w:TAKE IT DOWN Act]] USA has federal legislation against this menace. Many other [[#Past bills in the USA|federal bills have been introduced in the USA]].]]

* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker}}
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024}}
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA}}

{{#lst:Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|cybercivilrights.org law compilations}}

See also:
* [[#Current bills in the USA|Current bills in the USA]] and [[#Past bills in the USA|past bills in the USA]]
* [https://www.congress.gov/legislative-process/introduction-and-referral-of-bills '''The Legislative Process: Introduction and Referral of Bills (Video)''' at congress.gov]
* {{#lst:Glossary|US-Congress-glossary}}

== Federal laws in the USA against synthesis crimes ==
=== US Senate Act S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
The [https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/146 '''''S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act''''' at congress.gov], a bipartisan act against non-consensual intimate image-based abuse, or in other words, against naked synthetic digital look-alikes and real image-based abuse. The long name for citing this act is '''''T'''ools to '''A'''ddress '''K'''nown '''E'''xploitation by '''I'''mmobilizing '''T'''echnological '''D'''eepfakes '''o'''n '''W'''ebsites and '''N'''etworks Act'''''.

It became federal law on Monday 2025-05-19. It was passed by the House of Representatives on Monday 2025-04-28. There is a one year delay on some of the requirements of the TAKE IT DOWN Act.

* In Wikipedia [[w:TAKE IT DOWN Act]]

* [https://rainn.org/policy/take-it-down-act '''''Take It Down Act''''' summary at rainn.org] - ''Criminalizing tech-enabled sexual abuse'' - ''Join us in celebrating this landmark victory for survivors of image-based sexual abuse!''
* [https://rainn.org/news/rainn-backed-%E2%80%9Ctake-it-down-act%E2%80%9D-passes-congress '''''RAINN-Backed “Take It Down Act” Passes Congress!''''' at rainn.org] - ''HISTORIC WIN FOR VICTIMS OF TECH-ENABLED SEXUAL ABUSE: RAINN-Backed “Take It Down Act” Passes Congress!''
* [https://apnews.com/article/take-it-down-deepfake-trump-melania-first-amendment-741a6e525e81e5e3d8843aac20de8615 '''''Take It Down Act, addressing nonconsensual deepfakes and ‘revenge porn,’ passes. What is it?''''' at apnews.com], 2025-04-28 reporting by Barbara Ortutay

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.npr.org/2025/04/28/nx-s1-5380236/take-it-down-act-melania-trump '''''Congress approves a revenge porn bill backed by first lady Melania Trump''''' at npr.org], 2025-04-28 reporting by Ayana Archie
* [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/house-take-it-down-act-vote-deepfake-pornography-victims/ '''''House passes "Take it Down Act," sending revenge porn bill backed by Melania Trump to president's desk''''' at cbsnews.com], 2025-04-28 reporting by Caitlin Yilek

== Law against synthesis crimes in Virginia 2019 ==
=== Code of Virginia § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty ===
[[File:Flag of Virginia.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Virginia]], an avant-garde state. Motto "[[w:Sic semper tyrannis]]"]]

<section begin=Virginia2019 />[[File:Marcus Simon.jpeg|thumb|right|108px|Homie [[w:Marcus Simon|w:Marcus Simon]] ([http://marcussimon.com/ marcussimon.com]) is a Member of the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] and a true pioneer in legislating against synthetic filth.]] Since July 1 2019<ref>

{{Cite web
| url=https://www.fauquier.com/news/new-state-laws-go-into-effect-july/article_6e2e16c8-96b7-11e9-88d0-83a8852ef3eb.html
| title=New state laws go into effect July 1
}}

</ref> [[w:Virginia]] [[w:criminalization|w:has criminalized]] the sale and dissemination of unauthorized synthetic pornography, but not the manufacture.<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515">
{{cite web
| url = https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/
| title = § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website =
| publisher = [[w:Virginia]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref>, as section [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ § 18.2-386.2 titled ''''''Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''''''] became part of the '''[[w:Code of Virginia]]'''.

[https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/ '''Code of Virginia''' (TOC)] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/ '''Title 18.2.''' Crimes and Offenses Generally] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/ '''Chapter 8.''' Crimes Involving Morals and Decency] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title18.2/chapter8/article5/ '''Article 5.''' Obscenity and Related Offenses] » '''Section''' [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ § '''18.2-386.2.''' Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty]

The [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ section '''§ 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''' of Virginia] is as follows:
<blockquote>
'''A'''. ''Any [[w:person]] who, with the [[w:Intention (criminal law)|w:intent]] to [[w:coercion|w:coerce]], [[w:harassment|w:harass]], or [[w:intimidation|w:intimidate]], [[w:Malice_(law)|w:malicious]]ly [[w:dissemination|w:disseminates]] or [[w:sales|w:sells]] any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever that [[w:Depiction|w:depicts]] another person who is totally [[w:nudity|w:nude]], or in a state of undress so as to expose the [[w:sex organs|w:genitals]], pubic area, [[w:buttocks]], or female [[w:breast]], where such person knows or has reason to know that he is not [[w:license]]d or [[w:authorization|w:authorized]] to disseminate or sell such [[w:Video|w:videographic]] or [[w:Film still|w:still image]] is [[w:Guilt (law)|w:guilty]] of a Class 1 [[w:Misdemeanor#United States|w:misdemeanor]]. ''
::For purposes of this subsection, "another person" includes a person whose image was used in creating, adapting, or modifying a videographic or still image with the intent to depict an actual person and who is recognizable as an actual person by the person's [[w:face]], [[w:Simulacrum|w:likeness]], or other distinguishing characteristic.''

'''B'''. ''If a person uses [[w:Service (economics)|w:services]] of an [[w:Internet service provider]], an electronic mail service provider, or any other information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server in committing acts prohibited under this section, such provider shall not be held responsible for violating this section for content provided by another person.''

'''C.''' ''Venue for a prosecution under this section may lie in the [[w:jurisdiction]] where the unlawful act occurs or where any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever is produced, reproduced, found, stored, received, or possessed in violation of this section.''

'''D.''' ''The provisions of this section shall not preclude prosecution under any other [[w:statute]].''<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515"/>

The identical bills were [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+HB2678 House Bill 2678] presented by [[w:Delegate (American politics)|w:Delegate]] [[w:Marcus Simon]] to the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] on January 14 2019 and three day later an identical [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+SB1736 Senate bill 1736] was introduced to the [[w:Senate of Virginia]] by Senator [[w:Adam Ebbin]].
</blockquote>
<section end=Virginia2019 />

== Law against synthesis crimes in Texas 2019 ==
=== Texas SB 751 - Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election ===
[[File:Flag of Texas.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Texas]], the Lone Star State has protected the political candidates, but not ordinary folk against synthetic filth.]]

<section begin=Texas2019 />On September 1 2019 [[w:Texas Senate]] bill [https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/86R/billtext/html/SB00751F.htm '''SB 751''' - '''''Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election'''''] [[w:amendment]]s to the election code came into effect in the [[w:Law of Texas]], giving [[w:candidates]] in [[w:elections]] a '''30-day protection period''' to the elections during which making and distributing digital look-alikes or synthetic fakes of the candidates is an offense. The law text defines the subject of the law as "''a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality''"<ref name="TexasSB751">

{{cite web
|url= https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751
|title= Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election
|last=
|first=
|date= 2019-06-14
|website=
|publisher= [[w:Texas]]
|access-date= 2021-01-23
|quote= In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality}}

</ref> SB 751 was introduced to the Senate by [[w:Bryan Hughes (politician)]].<ref name="Texas SB 751 history">https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751</ref>

<section end=Texas2019 />

The text of '''S.B. No. 751''' is as follows
<blockquote>
'''''AN ACT relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election.'''''

''BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:''

SECTION 1. ''[https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/EL/htm/EL.255.htm Section 255.004, Election Code], is [[w:Amend (motion)|w:amended]] by adding Subsections (d) and (e) to read as follows:''
* ('''d''') ''A person commits an offense if the person, with intent to injure a candidate or influence the result of an election:''
*# '''''creates''' a [[w:deepfake|deep fake]] video; and''
*# ''causes the deep fake video to be '''published''' or '''distributed''' within '''30 days''' of an '''election'''.''
* ('''e''') ''In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the '''intent to deceive''', that '''appears to depict''' a real person performing an action that '''did not occur''' in '''reality'''.''
SECTION 2. ''This Act takes effect September 1, 2019.''
</blockquote>
----

* [[w:Texas Legislature]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in California 2020 ==
=== California AB-602 - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action ===
[[File:Flag of California.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:California]] moved later than Virginia, but it outlawed also the manufacture of synthetic filth on Jan 1 2020.]]

<section begin=California2020 />[[File:Marc Berman.jpg|thumb|120px|right|Homie [[w:Marc Berman|w:Marc Berman]], a righteous fighter for our human rights in this age of industrial disinformation filth and an Assemblymember of the [[w:California State Assembly]], most loved for authoring [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 '''AB-602''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''], which came into effect on Jan 1 2020, banning both the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted.]] January 1 2020 <ref name="KFI2019">

{{cite web
|url= https://kfiam640.iheart.com/content/2019-12-30-here-are-the-new-california-laws-going-into-effect-in-2020/
|title= Here Are the New California Laws Going Into Effect in 2020
|last= Johnson
|first= R.J.
|date= 2019-12-30
|website= [[KFI]]
|publisher= [[iHeartMedia]]
|access-date= 2021-01-23
|quote=}}

</ref> the [[w:California]] [[w:State law (United States)|w:US state law]] '''[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 "AB-602 ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''."]''' came into effect in the [[w:California Civil Code|civil code]] of the [[w:California Codes]] banning the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted. AB-602 provides victims of synthetic pornography with [[w:injunction|w:injunctive relief]] and poses legal threats of [[w:statutory damages|w:statutory]] and [[w:punitive damages]] on [[w:criminal]]s making or distributing synthetic pornography without consent. The bill AB-602 was signed into law by California [[w:Governor (United States)|w:Governor]] [[w:Gavin Newsom]] on October 3 2019 and was authored by [[w:California State Assembly]]member [[w:Marc Berman]] and an identical Senate bill was coauthored by [[w:California State Senate|w:California Senator]] [[w:Connie Leyva]].<ref name="OpenStates AB 602">

{{cite web
|url=https://openstates.org/ca/bills/20192020/AB602/
|title=AB 602 - California Assembly Bill 2019-2020 Regular Session - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action.
|last=
|first=
|date=
|website=openstates.org
|publisher=openstates.org
|access-date=2021-03-24
|quote=}}

</ref><ref name="CNET2019">

{{cite web
| last = Mihalcik
| first = Carrie
| title = California laws seek to crack down on deepfakes in politics and porn
| website = [[w:cnet.com]]
| publisher = [[w:CNET]]
| date = 2019-10-04
| url = https://www.cnet.com/news/california-laws-seek-to-crack-down-on-deepfakes-in-politics-and-porn/
| access-date = 2021-01-23
}}

</ref> [https://trackbill.com/bill/california-assembly-bill-602-depiction-of-individual-using-digital-or-electronic-technology-sexually-explicit-material-cause-of-action/1690501/ AB602 at trackbill.com]
<section end=California2020 />

[[File:Connie Leyva 2015.jpg|thumb|right|240px|[[w:California]] [[w:California State Senate|w:Senator]] [[w:Connie Leyva]] sponsored [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB564&showamends=false '''California Senate Bill SB 564''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''] in Feb '''2019''' and the Senate Bill was [https://www.sagaftra.org/action-alert-support-california-bill-end-deepfake-porn endorsed by SAG-AFTRA], but the Assembly Bill AB-602 authored by [[w:California State Assembly]]member [[w:Marc Berman]] was the one that became law on 1 January 2020 in the [[w:California Civil Code|w:California Civil Code]] of the [[w:California Codes]].]]

'''Introduction''' by [https://a24.asmdc.org/ Assemblymember Marc Berman]:

'''AB 602''', Berman. '''''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action'''''.

Existing law creates a private [[w:Cause of action|w:right of action]] against a person who intentionally distributes a photograph or recorded image of another that exposes the intimate body parts of that person or of a person engaged in a sexual act '''without the person’s consent''' if specified conditions are met.

This bill would provide that a '''depicted individual''', as defined, has a '''[[w:cause of action]] against''' a person who '''either'''
* (1) '''creates''' and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material if the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted''' individual '''did not [[w:consent]]''' to its creation or disclosure or
* (2) who '''intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create if the person knows the '''depicted''' individual '''did not consent''' to its creation.

The bill would specify exceptions to those provisions, including if the material is a matter of legitimate public concern or a work of political or newsworthy value.

The bill would authorize a prevailing [[w:plaintiff]] who suffers harm to seek [[w:Injunction|w:injunctive]] relief and recover reasonable [[w:attorney’s fee]]s and costs as well as specified monetary [[w:damages]], including [[w:Statutory damages|statutory]] and [[w:punitive damages]].

'''The law is as follows''':
<blockquote>
SECTION 1. Section 1708.86 is added to the [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codesTOCSelected.xhtml?tocCode=CIV&tocTitle=+Civil+Code+-+CIV Civil Code of California], to read:

'''1708.86.''' ('''a''') '''For purposes of this section''':
* (1) “''Altered depiction''” means a performance that was actually performed by the depicted individual but was subsequently altered to be in violation of this section.
* (2) “''Authorized Representative''” means an attorney, talent agent, or personal manager authorized to represent a depicted individual if the depicted individual is represented.
* (3) (A) “''Consent''” means an agreement written in plain language signed knowingly and voluntarily by the depicted individual that includes a general description of the sexually explicit material and the audiovisual work in which it will be incorporated.
* (3) (B) A depicted individual may rescind consent by delivering written notice within three business days from the date consent was given to the person in whose favor consent was made, unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:
:**(i) The depicted individual is given at least 72 hours to review the terms of the agreement before signing it.
:**(ii) The depicted individual’s authorized representative provides written approval of the signed agreement.
* (4) “''Depicted individual''” means an individual who appears, as a result of digitization, to be giving a performance they did not actually perform or to be performing in an altered depiction.
* (5) “''Despicable conduct''” means conduct that is so vile, base, or contemptible that it would be looked down on and despised by a reasonable person.
* (6) “''Digitization''” means to realistically depict any of the following:
** (A) The nude body parts of another human being as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
** (B) Computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
** (C) The depicted individual engaging in sexual conduct in which the depicted individual did not engage.
* (7) “''Disclose''” means to publish, make available, or distribute to the public.
* (8) “''Individual''” means a natural person.
* (9) “''Malice''” means that the defendant acted with intent to cause harm to the plaintiff or despicable conduct that was done with a willful and knowing disregard of the rights of the plaintiff. A person acts with knowing disregard within the meaning of this paragraph when they are aware of the probable harmful consequences of their conduct and deliberately fail to avoid those consequences.
* (10) “''Nude''” means visible genitals, pubic area, anus, or a female’s postpubescent nipple or areola.
* (11) “''Person''” means a human being or legal entity.
* (12) “''Plaintiff''” includes cross-plaintiff.
* (13) “''Sexual conduct''” means any of the following:
** (A) Masturbation.
** (B) Sexual intercourse, including genital, oral, or anal, whether between persons regardless of sex or gender or between humans and animals.
** (C) Sexual penetration of the vagina or rectum by, or with, an object.
** (D) The transfer of semen by means of sexual conduct from the penis directly onto the depicted individual as a result of ejaculation.
** (E) Sadomasochistic abuse involving the depicted individual.
(14) “''Sexually explicit material''” means any portion of an audiovisual work that shows the depicted individual performing in the nude or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct.

('''b''') '''A depicted individual has a cause of action against''' a person who does '''either of the following''':
* (1) '''Creates and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material''' and the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted individual''' in that material '''did not consent''' to its creation or disclosure.
* (2) '''Intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create and the person knows the depicted individual in that material '''did not consent''' to the creation of the sexually explicit material.

('''c''') (1) A person is '''not liable''' under this section in either of the following circumstances:
* (A) The person discloses the sexually explicit material in the course of any of the following:
:** (i) Reporting unlawful activity.
:** (ii) Exercising the person’s law enforcement duties.
:**(iii) Hearings, trials, or other legal proceedings.
* (B) The material is any of the following:
:** (i) A matter of legitimate public concern.
:** (ii) A work of political or newsworthy value or similar work.
:** (iii) Commentary, criticism, or disclosure that is otherwise protected by the California Constitution or the United States Constitution.
* (2) For purposes of this subdivision, sexually explicit material is not of newsworthy value solely because the depicted individual is a public figure.

('''d''') It shall not be a defense to an action under this section that there is a disclaimer included in the sexually explicit material that communicates that the inclusion of the depicted individual in the sexually explicit material was unauthorized or that the depicted individual did not participate in the creation or development of the material.

('''e''') (1) A prevailing plaintiff who suffers harm as a result of the violation of subdivision (b) may recover any of the following:
* (A) An amount equal to the monetary gain made by the defendant from the creation, development, or disclosure of the sexually explicit material.
* (B) One of the following:
:** (i) Economic and noneconomic damages proximately caused by the disclosure of the sexually explicit material, including damages for emotional distress.
:** (ii) Upon request of the plaintiff at any time before the final judgment is rendered, the plaintiff may instead recover an award of statutory damages for all unauthorized acts involved in the action, with respect to any one work, as follows:
:** (I) A sum of not less than one thousand five hundred dollars ($1,500) but not more than thirty thousand dollars ($30,000).
:** (II) If the unlawful act was committed with malice, the award of statutory damages may be increased to a maximum of one hundred fifty thousand dollars ($150,000).
* (C) Punitive damages.
* (D) Reasonable attorney’s fees and costs.
* (E) Any other available relief, including injunctive relief.
(2) The remedies provided by this section are cumulative and shall not be construed as restricting a remedy that is available under any other law.

('''f''') An action under this section shall be commenced no later than three years from the date the unauthorized creation, development, or disclosure was discovered or should have been discovered with the exercise of reasonable diligence.

('''g''') The provisions of this section are severable. If any provision of this section or its application is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions.
</blockquote>
<ref name="CaliforniaStateLaw AB 602">
{{Citation
| title = "AB-602 Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action."
| first = Marc
| last = Berman
| author-link = w:Marc Berman
| first2 = Connie
| last2 = Leyva
| author2-link = w:Connie Leyva
| series =
| year = 2019
| publisher = [[w:California]]
| url = https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602
}}

</ref>

----

* [[w:California State Legislature]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in Georgia in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of Georgia (U.S. state) II.png|thumb|right|200px|Georgia's motto is ''"Wisdom, Justice, Moderation"'' and one could say it is well manifested in how their law against synthetic filth [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html '''GA CODE § 16-11-90'''] is thought out and written.]]
=== Georgia Code § 16-11-90 ===

'''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/ Georgia Code]''' / '''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ Title 16. Crimes and Offenses]''' [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html Chapter 11 "Offenses Against Public Order and Safety", Article 3 "Invasions of Privacy", Part 3 "Invasion of privacy" '''GA CODE § 16-11-90''']
<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list">https://cybercivilrights.org/deep-fake-laws/</ref>

'''The law is''' as of April 14, 2021<ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com" /> as follows:
<blockquote>
('''a''') As used in this Code section, the term:

* ('''1''') “''Harassment''” means engaging in conduct directed at a depicted person that is intended to cause substantial emotional harm to the depicted person.

* ('''2''') “''Nudity''” means:

::* (A) The showing of the human male or female genitals, pubic area, or buttocks without any covering or with less than a full opaque covering;

::* (B) The showing of the female breasts without any covering or with less than a full opaque covering; or

::* (C) The depiction of covered male genitals in a discernibly turgid state.

* ('''3''') “''Sexually explicit conduct” shall have the same meaning as set forth in Code Section 16-12-100 .

('''b''') '''A person violates this Code section if he or she, knowing the content of a transmission or post, knowingly and without the consent of the depicted person''':

* ('''1''') '''Electronically transmits or posts''', in one or more transmissions or posts, a photograph or video which depicts nudity or sexually explicit conduct of an adult, '''including a falsely created videographic or still image''', when the transmission or post is harassment or causes financial loss to the depicted person and serves no legitimate purpose to the depicted person; or

* ('''2''') '''Causes the electronic transmission or posting''', in one or more transmissions or posts, of a photograph or video which depicts nudity or sexually explicit conduct of an adult, '''including a falsely created videographic or still image''', when the transmission or post is harassment or causes financial loss to the depicted person and serves no legitimate purpose to the depicted person.

:Nothing in this Code section shall be construed to impose liability on an interactive computer service, as such term is defined in 47 U.S.C. 230(f)(2) , or an information service or telecommunications service, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. 153 , for content provided by another person.

('''c''') Any person who violates this Code section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of a high and aggravated nature; provided, however, that upon a second or subsequent violation of this Code section, he or she shall be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by imprisonment of not less than one nor more than five years, a fine of not more than $100,000.00, or both.

('''d''') A person shall be '''subject to prosecution in this state''' pursuant to Code Section 17-2-1 for any conduct made unlawful by this Code section which the person engages in while:

* ('''1''') '''Either within''' or '''outside of this state''' if, by such conduct, the person commits a violation of this Code section which involves an '''individual who resides in this state'''; or

* ('''2''') '''Within this state''' if, by such conduct, the person commits a violation of this Code section which involves an '''individual who resides within or outside this state'''.

('''e''') The provisions of subsection (b) of this Code section shall not apply to:

* ('''1''') The activities of law enforcement and prosecution agencies in the investigation and prosecution of criminal offenses;

* ('''2''') Legitimate medical, scientific, or educational activities;

* ('''3''') Any person who transmits or posts a photograph or video depicting only himself or herself engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct;

* ('''4''') The transmission or posting of a photograph or video that was originally made for commercial purposes;

* ('''5''') Any person who transmits or posts a photograph or video depicting a person voluntarily engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct in a public setting; or

* ('''6''') A transmission that is made pursuant to or in anticipation of a civil action.

('''f''') There shall be a rebuttable presumption that an information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server, including specifically a service or system that provides access to the Internet, for content provided by another person, does not know the content of an electronic transmission or post.

('''g''') Any violation of this Code section shall constitute a separate offense and shall not merge with any other crimes set forth in this title.</blockquote><ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com">

{{cite web
|url=https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html
|title=Georgia Code Title 16. Crimes and Offenses § 16-11-90
|last=
|first=
|date=2021-04-14
|website=[[w:FindLaw]]
|publisher=[[w:Georgia (U.S. state)]]
|access-date=2022-01-04
|quote=}}

</ref>

== Law against synthesis crimes in New York State in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of New York.svg|thumb|right|200px|New York State]]
=== New York State - CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy SECTION 52-C - Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual ===
[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/-CH6 '''CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights'''] [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/A5 '''ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual '''SECTION 52-C''' - '''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual''']<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list" />

'''The law is as follows:'''
<blockquote>
<big>'''§ 52-c''' - '''''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual.''''' </big><sup>Obs: There are 2 § 52-c's</sup>

'''1. For the purposes of this section:'''

* '''a.''' "'''''depicted individual'''''" means an individual who '''appears''', as a result of digitization, '''to be giving a performance they did not actually perform''' or '''to be performing in a performance that was actually performed by the depicted individual but was subsequently altered to be in violation of this section'''.

* '''b.''' "'''''digitization'''''" means to '''realistically depict the nude body parts of another human being as the nude body parts of the depicted individual''', '''computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the depicted individual''' or the '''depicted individual engaging in sexual conduct''', as defined in subdivision ten of section 130.00 of the penal law, '''in which the depicted individual did not engage'''.

* '''c.''' "''individual''" means a natural person.

* '''d.''' "''person''" means a human being or legal entity.

* '''e.''' "''sexually explicit material''" means any portion of an audio visual work that shows the depicted individual performing in the nude, meaning with an unclothed or exposed intimate part, as defined in section 245.15 of the penal law, or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct, as defined in subdivision ten of section 130.00 of the penal law.

'''2. a.''' A depicted individual shall have a '''cause of action''' against a person who, '''discloses''', '''disseminates''' or '''publishes''' sexually explicit material related to the depicted individual, and the person knows or reasonably should have known the depicted individual in that material '''did not consent''' to its '''creation''', disclosure, dissemination, or publication.

* '''b.''' It shall '''not be a defense''' to an action under this section that '''there is a disclaimer''' in the sexually explicit material that communicates that the inclusion of the depicted individual in the sexually explicit material was unauthorized or that the depicted individual did not participate in the creation or development of the material.

'''3. a.''' A depicted individual may only consent to the creation, disclosure, dissemination, or publication of sexually explicit material by knowingly and voluntarily signing an agreement written in plain language that includes a general description of the sexually explicit material and the audiovisual work in which it will be incorporated.

* '''b.''' A depicted individual may rescind consent by delivering written notice within three business days from the date consent was given to the person in whose favor consent was made, unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:

:* i. the depicted individual is given at least three business days to review the terms of the agreement before signing it; or

:* ii. if the depicted individual is represented, the attorney, talent agent, or personal manager authorized to represent the depicted individual provides additional written approval of the signed agreement.

'''4. a.''' A person is not liable under this section if:

:* i. the person discloses, disseminates or publishes the sexually explicit material in the course of reporting unlawful activity, exercising the person's law enforcement duties, or hearings, trials or other legal proceedings; or

:* ii. the sexually explicit material is a matter of legitimate public concern, a work of political or newsworthy value or similar work, or commentary, criticism or disclosure that is otherwise protected by the constitution of this state or the United States; provided that sexually explicit material shall not be considered of newsworthy value solely because the depicted individual is a public figure.

'''5.''' In any action commenced pursuant to this section, the finder of fact, in its discretion, '''may award injunctive relief''', '''punitive damages''', '''compensatory damages''', and '''reasonable court costs''' and '''attorney's fees'''.

'''6.''' A cause of action or special proceeding under this section shall be commenced the later of either:

* '''a.''' three years after the dissemination or publication of sexually explicit material; or

* '''b.''' one year from the date a person discovers, or reasonably should have discovered, the dissemination or publication of such sexually explicit material.

'''7.''' Nothing in this section shall be read to require a prior criminal complaint, prosecution or conviction to establish the elements of the cause of action provided for in this section.

'''8.''' The provisions of this section including the remedies are in addition to, and shall not supersede, any other rights or remedies available in law or equity.

'''9.''' If any provision of this section or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of this section which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this section are severable.

'''10.''' Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit, or to enlarge, the protections that 47 U.S.C. § 230 confers on an interactive
computer service for content provided by another information content provider, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. § 230.</blockquote><ref name="New York State Civil Rights CHAPTER 6, ARTICLE 5, SECTION 52-C">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual
|title= SECTION 52-C Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual
|last=
|first=
|date=2021-11-12
|website=nysenate.gov
|publisher=[[w:New York State Legislature]]
|access-date=2021-01-04
|quote=}}

</ref>

== Law against synthesis crimes in Florida 2025 ==
[https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2025/1161/?Tab=BillHistory '''''CS/CS/HB 1161: Removal of Altered Sexual Depictions Posted without Consent''''' at flsenate.gov] is set to become law in 2025

'''Reporting'''
* [https://floridapolitics.com/archives/733939-brookes-law-giving-deepfake-victims-recourse-against-platforms-will-head-to-governors-desk/ '''''‘Brooke’s Law,’ giving deepfake victims recourse against platforms, heads to Governor’s desk''''' at floridapolitics.com], April 2025 reporting by A.G. Gancarski

== Current bills in the USA ==

== 119th Congress ==
=== Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2025 (DEFIANCE Act of 2025) (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1837 '''''Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2025 (DEFIANCE Act of 2025)''''' at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of the US Senate bill S. 3696 - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images and Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024 (DEFIANCE Act of 2024) (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3696/text '''''S.3696 - DEFIANCE Act of 2024''''' at congress.gov], a bipartisan Senate bill against synthetic filth.

* [https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record/volume-170/issue-17/senate-section/article/S289-2 '''''Introductory Statement on S. 3696; Congressional Record Vol. 170, No. 17''''' at congress.gov] 2024-01-30
* [https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/press/releases/durbin-graham-klobuchar-hawley-introduce-defiance-act-to-hold-accountable-those-responsible-for-the-proliferation-of-nonconsensual-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-and-videos '''''Durbin, Graham, Klobuchar, Hawley Introduce DEFIANCE Act to Hold Accountable Those Responsible for the Proliferation of Nonconsensual, Sexually-Explicit “Deepfake” Images and Videos''''' at judiciary.senate.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>
* [https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118s3696is '''''S. 3696 (IS) - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024''''' at govinfo.gov]
* [https://www.durbin.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/defiance_act_of_2024.pdf '''DEFIANCE Act of 2024''' at durbin.senate.gov] explains that it would create ''a federal civil remedy for victims who are identifiable in a “digital forgery"''.

'''Reporting and commentary on DEFIANCE Act of 2024 bill'''
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/jan/30/taylor-swift-ai-deepfake-nonconsensual-sexual-images-bill '''''Taylor Swift AI images prompt US bill to tackle nonconsensual, sexual deepfakes''''' at theguardian.com]
* [https://www.theverge.com/2024/1/30/24056385/congress-defiance-act-proposed-ban-nonconsensual-ai-porn '''''Lawmakers propose anti-nonconsensual AI porn bill after Taylor Swift controversy''''' at theverge.com]

=== Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===

[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1027/text '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act)''''' at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of US House bill H.R.7123 - Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7123/text?s=1&r=3 '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-of-artificial-intelligence/the-terrifying-ai-scam-that-uses-your-loved-ones-voice</ref>

=== H.R.1941 - Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
This is a reintroduction of the older US House bill H.R. 3106 - Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3106/text '''''Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act''''' at congress.gov] was introduced in the House on 2023-05-05. It was [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/9631 a reintroduction of H.R. 9631 from the 117th Congress].

== State bills ==
=== NY Senate bill S6278 in the 2025-2026 regular session ===
This bill was reintroduced as [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S6278 S6278] to the 2025-2026 session.

[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S5583 '''NY Senate bill S5583 in the 2023-2024 regular session''' at nysenate.gov] would establish ''the crime of aggravated harassment by means of electronic or digital communication and provides for a private right of action for the unlawful dissemination or publication of deep fakes''.

== Past bills in the USA ==

=== US House bill H.R.6943 - No AI FRAUD Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6943/text '''No Artificial Intelligence Fake Replicas And Unauthorized Duplications Act of 2024''' or the ('''No AI FRAUD Act''') at congress.gov] was introduced to the 118th Congress 2nd session on 2024-01-24.<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>

=== US House bill H.R.5586 - Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023 (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5586/text “Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023” or the “DEEPFAKES Accountability Act” at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of earlier House bill H.R.3230 to the 118th Congress (2023-2024 session)

=== US Senate bill S1641 - Preventing Rampant Online Technological Exploitation and Criminal Trafficking Act of 2022 - (117th Congress) ===
The bill known as [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/4991/text?r=4&s=1 Senate bill '''S.4991''' - ''''''PROTECT Act'''''' at congress.gov] was read by Senator [[w:Mike Lee]] on Wednesday 2022-09-28 twice.

=== New York Senate bill - Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material - in regular session 2021-2022 ===
[[File:Flag of New York (1909–2020).png|thumb|right|200px|[[w:New York State Legislature]] regular session 2021-2022 is contemplating the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York senate bill '''S1641'''] and identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 assembly bill '''A6517'''] to ban sending unsolicited pornography.]]

Bill '''''Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material'''''' is essentially a bill that aims to ban sending unsolicited nudes.

In the 2021-2022 [[w:New York State Senate]] regular sessions, on 2021-01-14 Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored and Senators [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) and [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] of the New York State Senate co-sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law]. On 2021-03-19 an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] was introduced to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] by Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]).<ref group="1st seen in">

First seen in the [https://trackbill.com/search/#/related=%7B%22id%22:%221690501%22,%22state%22:%22CA%22,%22session%22:%222019%22,%22billId%22:%22AB602%22%7D&direction=desc&page=1&resultsPerPage=25&sort=relevancy&tracked&upcoming_hearings&type=bills&state=all&session suggestions for similar bills for Bills similar to CA AB602 by trackbill.com].

</ref>

If this bill passes it will be codified in the [[w:Consolidated Laws of New York]]. View the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York''' at nysenate.gov].

* '''Title of bill''': ''An act to amend the penal law, in relation to the creation of the criminal offense of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''

* '''Purpose''': ''The purpose of this bill is to make it unlawful to send sexually explicit material through electronic means unless the material is sent at the request of, or with the express consent of the recipient.''

* '''Summary of provisions''': Adds a '''new section 250.70''' to the penal law making it ''unlawful to knowingly transmit by electronic means visual material that depicts any person engaging in sexual conduct or with a person's intimate parts exposed unless the material is sent at the request of, or with the express consent of the recipient.

* '''Justification''': ''Currently under New York State law, indecent exposure in person is a crime, but it is not unlawful to send sexually explicit photos to nonconsenting adult recipients through electronic transmission. With the growing modem age of online dating, many individuals are receiving sexually explicit visual content without their consent from strangers. No person should be forced to view sexually explicit material without their consent.''

''The bill offers a clear deterrent to those considering sending unsolicited sexual pics and similar inappropriate conduct, and protects the
unwilling recipients who currently have no legal recourse for such abuses.

''What is illegal in the real world must be illegal in the digital world, and this legislation is a first step in the right direction in adding that accountability.''

* '''Legislative history''':
*# Senate - 2020 - S5949 Referred to Codes
*# Assembly - 2020 - A7801 Referred to Codes

* '''Fiscal implications''': ''Minimal''

* '''Effective date''': ''This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law.''

The text of the bill is, as of 2021-03-24, as follows:

:"Section 1. The penal law is amended by adding a new section 250.70 to read as follows:

:'''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL'''''.

:A person is guilty of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material if a person knowingly transmits by electronic means visual material that depicts any person engaging in sexual conduct or with a person's intimate parts exposed or depicts the covered genitals of a male person that are in a discernibly turgid state and such visual material is not sent at the request of or with the express consent of the recipient. For purposes of this section the term "intimate parts" means the naked genitals, pubic area, anus, or female postpubescent nipple of the person and the term "sexual conduct" shall have the same meaning as defined in [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/130.00 section 130.00 (Sex offenses; definitions of terms)] of this chapter. Unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material is a class a misdemeanor.

:'''§ 2'''. This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law."

----
<gallery>
File:Nopic.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law].
File:LIRR Elmont, Brian Benjamin (cropped).jpg|thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Todd_Kaminsky_Head_Shot.jpg||thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Aileen_Gunther.jpg|thumb|260px|NY Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]) presented an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] on 2021-03-19.
* [[w:New York State Legislature]]
</gallery>

=== US Senate bill - Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - 2019-2020 US Senate session (116th Congress) ===
The Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act (SISE) was a bill introduced to the 2019-2020 session of the US Senate.
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/5054?r=1&s=1 US Senate Bill ''''''S.5054''' - '''Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''''' at congress.gov]

=== US House bill - H.R.3230 - DEEP FAKES Accountability Act (116th Congress) ===

* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230/text '''H.R.3230''' - '''''DEEP FAKES Accountability Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> also known as ''Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2019'' and it aimed to include requirements for producers of synthetic human-like fakes '' to generally comply with certain [[w:Digital watermarking|w:digital watermark]] and disclosure requirements''.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230</ref>

=== US Senate bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress) ===
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/3805/text '''S.3805''' - '''''Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry">
Chatting with ChatGPT 2023

* First I asked ChatGPT to "''list some legislative approaches against so-called "deep fakes" or "deepfakes"''" and it mentioned the Singaporean [[#Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]] and the [[#Bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress)]]

</ref> aimed at criminalizing synthesizing human-likeness media for intent of breaking federal, state, local or tribal law

----

----

= Law proposals =
== Law proposals against synthetic filth by [[User:Juho Kunsola|Juho Kunsola]] ==

* '''Audience''': Developed with suitability for national, supranational and UN treaty levels.
* '''Writing context''':
** Written from context of inclusion to '''criminal codes'''.
** I'm a Finn so this has been worded to fit in the [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1889/18890039001#L24 Chapter 24 of the Criminal Code of Finland (in Finnish at finlex.fi)] titled "''Offences against privacy, public peace and personal reputation''"
** [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039 Access the English translations of the Finnish Criminal Code at finlex.fi] or [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039_20150766.pdf go straight to the latest .pdf from 2016]. Chapter 24 starts on page 107.
* '''History''': This version is an evolution of a Finnish language original written in 2016.

[[File:Suomen lippu valokuva.png|right|thumb|260px|[[w:Finland]] has very logical and very [https://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/ accessible laws], but also here we need updating of the laws for this age of industrial disinformation.]]

Existing law in <big>Chapter 24. of the Finnish Criminal Code - "''Offences against privacy, public peace and personal reputation''"</big> seems to be ineffective against many [[synthetic human-like fakes|synthetic human-like fake attack]] and seems it could be used to frame victims for crimes with [[synthetic human-like fakes#Digital sound-alikes|digital sound-alikes]].

The portions affected by or affecting the synthetic filth situation in bold font:

* Section 1 - Invasion of domestic premises (879/2013)
* Section 1(a) - '''Harassing communications''' (879/2013)
* Section 2 - Aggravated invasion of domestic premises (531/2000)
* Section 3 - Invasion of public premises (585/2005)
* Section 4 - Aggravated invasion of public premises (531/2000)
* Section 5 - '''Eavesdropping''' (531/2000)
* Section 6 - '''Illicit observation''' (531/2000)
* Section 7 - '''Preparation of eavesdropping or illicit observation''' (531/2000)
* Section 8 - '''Dissemination of information violating personal privacy''' (879/2013)
* Section 8(a) - '''Aggravated dissemination of information violating personal privacy''' (879/2013)
* Section 9 - '''Defamation''' (879/2013)
* Section 10 - '''Aggravated defamation''' (879/2013)
* Section 11 - Definition (531/2000)
* Section 12 - '''Right to bring charges''' (879/2013)
* Section 13 - '''Corporate criminal liability''' (511/2011)

[[File:The-diffuse-reflection-deducted-from-the-specular-reflection-Debevec-2000.png|thumb|right|260px|Subtraction of the diffuse reflection from the specular reflection. Image is scaled for luminocity. Diffuse reflection is acquired by placing polarizers in 90 degree angle and specular with 0 degree angle.
<br /><br />
[[:File:Deb-2000-reflectance-separation.png|Original picture]] by [[w:Paul Debevec|Debevec]] et al. - Copyright ACM 2000 https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=311779.344855]]

=== Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth ===

==== §1 Models of human appearance ====

A '''model of human appearance''' means
::* A realistic '''3D model'''
::* A '''[[Glossary#Bidirectional reflectance distribution function|7D bidirectional reflectance distribution function]] model'''
::* A '''direct-to-2D''' capable [[w:machine learning]] model
::* Or a model made with any technology whatsoever, that looks deceivingly like the target person.

==== §2 Producing synthetic pornography ====
Making '''projections''', still or videographic, where targets are portrayed in a '''nude''' or in a '''sexual situation''' from models of human appearance defined in §1 '''without express consent''' of the targets is '''illegal'''.

==== §3 Distributing synthetic pornography ====
'''Distributing''', '''making available''', '''public display''', '''purchase''', '''sale''', '''yielding''', '''import''' and '''export''' of non-authorized '''synthetic pornography''' defined in §2 are '''punishable'''.<ref group="footnote">People who are found in possession of this synthetic pornography should probably not be penalized, but rather advised to get some help.</ref>

==== §4 Aggravated producing and distributing synthetic pornography ====
If the media described in §2 or §3 is made or distributed with the '''intent''' to '''frame for a crime''' or for '''blackmail''', the crime should be judged as '''aggravated'''.

==== Afterwords ====
The original idea I had was to ban both the raw materials i.e. the models to make the visual synthetic filth and also the end product weaponized synthetic pornography, but then in July 2019 it appeared to me that [[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]] could really help in this age of industrial disinformation if it were built, trained and operational. Banning modeling of human appearance was in conflict with the revised plan.

It is safe to assume that collecting permissions to model each pornographic recording is not plausible, so an interesting question is that can we ban covert modeling from non-pornographic pictures, while still retaining the ability to model all porn found on the Internet.

In case we want to pursue banning modeling people's appearance from non-pornographic images/videos without explicit permission be pursued it must be <font color="green">formulated</font> so that this <font color="red">'''does not make'''</font> <big>'''[[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]]'''</big> <font color="red">illegal</font> / <font color="red">impossible</font>. This would seem to lead to a weird situation where modeling a human from non-pornographic media would be illegal, but modeling from pornography legal.

=== Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice ===
{{#ev:youtube|0sR1rU3gLzQ|360px|right|[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sR1rU3gLzQ Video 'This AI Clones Your Voice After Listening for 5 Seconds' by '2 minute papers' at YouTube] describes the voice thieving machine by Google Research in [[w:NeurIPS|w:NeurIPS]] 2018.}}

'''Motivation''': The current situation where the criminals can freely trade and grow their libraries of stolen voices is unwise.

==== §1 Unauthorized modeling of a human voice ====
'''Acquiring''' such a '''model of a human's voice''', that '''deceptively resembles''' some '''dead''' or '''living''' person's voice and the '''possession''', '''purchase''', '''sale''', '''yielding''', '''import''' and '''export''' '''without''' the '''express consent''' of the target are '''punishable'''.

==== §2 Application of unauthorized voice models ====
'''Producing''' and '''making available''' media from covert voice models defined in §1 is '''punishable'''.

==== §3 Aggravated application of unauthorized voice models ====
If the produced media is for a '''purpose''' to
::* '''frame''' a '''human''' target or targets for '''crimes'''
::* to attempt '''extortion''' or
::* to '''defame the target''',
the crime should be judged as '''aggravated'''.

----

= Resources and reporting on law =

== AI and law in general ==

[[File:LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg|thumb|right|340px|[[w:Library of Congress]] ([https://loc.gov/ loc.gov]) reading room]]

''' Reviews and regulation '''
From the '''[[w:Library of Congress]]''':

* [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/index.php ''''''Regulation of Artificial Intelligence'''''' at loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/compsum.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Comparative Summary' at loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/international.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: International and Regional Approaches' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/americas.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: The Americas and the Caribbean' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/asia-pacific.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: East/South Asia and the Pacific' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/europe-asia.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Europe and Central Asia' loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/middleeast-northafrica.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Middle East and North Africa' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/africa.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Sub-Saharan Africa' (loc.gov)]

'''[[w:Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher|w:Gibson Dunn & Crutcher]]''' (gibsondunn.com) publishes a quarterly legal update on 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems'. Gibson Dunn & Crutcher is a global [[w:law firm|w:law firm]], founded in Los Angeles in 1890.
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-4q18/ ''''''Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update'''''' Quarter 4 2018 at Gibson & Dunn]
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-1q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 1 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-2q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 2 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-3q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 3 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-automated-systems-legal-update-4q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 4 2019']

''' From Europe'''
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|180px|The [[w:European Union]]'s [[w:European Parliament|Parliament]]'s [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] on [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives].]]
* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf ''''''The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives'''''' (.pdf) at europarl.europa.eu], a March 2020 study by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] Starting from page 37 the .pdf lists organizations in the field.

== Synthetic filth in the law and media ==
* [https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4409&context=vlr ''''''"The New Weapon of Choice": Law's Current Inability to Properly Address Deepfake Pornography'''''' at scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu], October 2020 Notes by Anne Pechenik Gieseke published in the The [[w:Vanderbilt Law Review]], the flagship [[w:academic journal]] of [[w:Vanderbilt University Law School]].
* [https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/07/08/deepfakes-and-synthetic-media-in-financial-system-assessing-threat-scenarios-pub-82237 ''''''Deepfakes and Synthetic Media in the Financial System: Assessing Threat Scenarios'''''' at carnegieendowment.org], a 2020-07-08 assessment identifies some types of criminalities that can be made using [[synthetic human-like fakes]].
* [https://ssri.duke.edu/news/don%E2%80%99t-believe-your-eyes-or-ears-weaponization-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-and ''''''Don’t Believe Your Eyes (or Ears): The Weaponization of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deepfakes'''''' at ssri.duke.edu], an October 2019 news article by Joe Littell, published by the Social Science Research Institute at the [[w:Duke University]]
* [https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/dltr/vol17/iss1/4/ ''''''Deepfakes: False Pornography Is Here and the Law Cannot Protect You'''''' at scholarship.law.duke.edu], published in 2019 in the [[w:Duke Law Journal|Duke Law Journal]], a student-run law review.
* [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-20/deepfake-porn-political-ads-push-states-to-curb-rampant-ai-use '''''States Are Rushing to Regulate Deepfakes as AI Goes Mainstream''''' at bloomberg.com] (paywalled), June 2023 reporting on US legislation against synthetic human-like fakes. It lists CA, WA, WY, MN, TX, GA and VA as having anti-deepfake laws and lists LA, IL, MA and NJ as planning to legislate.

== The countries that have unfortunately banned full face veil ==

{{Q|There are currently 16 nations that have banned the burqa (not to be confused with the hijab), including [[w:Tunisia]],<ref name="reuters.com">

{{cite news
|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-tunisia-niqab-security-idUKKCN1U01CH
|title= Tunisian PM bans wearing of niqab in public institutions
|date=5 July 2019
|access-date=2021-03-13
|newspaper= Reuters
}}

</ref> [[w:Austria]], [[w:Denmark]], [[w:France]], [[w:Belgium]], [[w:Tajikistan]], [[w:Latvia]],<ref name="independent.co.uk">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/islamic-muslim-face-veil-niqab-burqa-banned-latvia-despite-being-worn-by-just-three-women-entire-a6993991.html
|title=A European government has banned Islamic face veils despite them being worn by just three women
|date=21 April 2016
|access-date=2021-03-13
}}

</ref> [[w:Bulgaria]],<ref>

[https://www.smh.com.au/world/bulgaria-the-latest-european-country-to-ban-the-burqa-and-niqab-in-public-places-20160930-grss9q.html Bulgaria the latest European country to ban the burqa and [niqab in public places], Smh.com.au: accessed 5 December 2016.

</ref> [[w:Cameroon]], [[w:Chad]], [[w:Congo-Brazzaville]], [[w:Gabon]], [[w:Netherlands]],<ref>
{{cite news
|last1=Halasz
|first1=Stephanie
|last2=McKenzie
|first2=Sheena
|title=The Netherlands introduces burqa ban in some public spaces
|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/27/europe/netherlands-partial-burqa-ban-intl/index.html
|access-date=2021-03-13
|agency=CNN
|issue=27 June 2018
|publisher=CNN
|date=27 June 2018
}}

</ref> [[w:China]],<ref>
{{cite news
|last1=Phillips
|first1=Tom
|title=China bans burqa in capital of Muslim region of Xinjiang
|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/11342070/China-bans-burqa-in-capital-of-Muslim-region-of-Xinjiang.html
|access-date=2021-03-13
|agency=The Telegraph
|issue=13 January 2015
|newspaper=The Telegraph
|date=13 January 2015
}}

</ref> [[w:Morocco]], and [[w:Switzerland]].|Wikipedia|[[w:Hijab by country]] as of 2021-03-13}}

Taking into consideration these times of industrial disinformation, it is vicious and uncivilized to have laws banning wearing a the full face veil in public.

== Quotes on the current laws and their application ==
{{#lst:Quotes|FinalLineOfDefenseForTheTimeBeing}}

----

= Footnotes =
<references group="footnote" />

= 1st seen in =
<references group="1st seen in" />

= References =
<references />

[[Category:In English]]
[[Category:Law]]
[[Category:Antifake]]

Laws against synthesis and other related crimes

2025-08-31T11:41:24Z

Juho Kunsola: /* France */ + === LOI n° 2024-449 du 21 mai 2024 visant à sécuriser et à réguler l'espace numérique ===

[[File:No-synthetic-F.png|thumb|right|260px|link=Main Page|This article is an attempt to track legislation against '''[[synthetic human-like fakes]]''' world-wide.]]
[[File:Screenshot at 27s of a moving digital-look-alike made to appear Obama-like by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed 2018.png|thumb|right|480px|link=Mediatheque/2018/Obama's appearance thieved - a public service announcement digital look-alike by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Obama-like-fake-2018}}]]
[[File:Appearance of Richard Nixon stolen by the Center for Advanced Virtuality of MIT for their awareness raising project In The Event of Moon Disaster 2020 screenshot at 376s.png|thumb|rightr|480px|link=Mediatheque/2020/Nixon's appearance and voice stolen - a public service announcement digital look-alike and sound-alike by MIT's Center for Advanced Virtuality|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Nixon-like-fake-2020}}]]
[[File:Justice scale silhouette, medium.svg|thumb|right|200px|Do you know of a law or jurisdiction that this list does not include? Add it! Or let us know through the chat in the lower-righthand side!]]

This article contains some current laws against abusive uses of synthetic human-like fakes and also information what kind of laws are being prepared and two SSFWIKI original law proposals, [[#Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth|one against digital look-alikes]] and [[#Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice|one against digital sound-alikes]].

'''Information elsewhere / legal information compilations''' (recommended)
<section begin=anti-fake-law-compilations/>
* <section begin=ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker/>[https://legislation.ballotpedia.org/ai-deepfakes/home '''''AI deepfake legislation tracker''''' at legislation.ballotpedia.org] by Ballotpedia.org for tracking US legislation.<section end=ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker/>
* {{#lst:Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|cybercivilrights.org law compilations}}
* <section begin=responsible.ai 2023/>[https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches '''''A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches''''' at responsible.ai]<ref name="responsible.ai 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches
| title = A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches
| last = Lawson
| first = Amanda
| date = 2023-04-24
| website = responsible.ai
| publisher = Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> April 2023 compilation and reporting by Amanda Lawson of the Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute.<section end=responsible.ai 2023/>
* <section begin=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>[https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/ '''''The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology''''' at legaljournal.princeton.edu]<ref name="Princeton Legal Journal 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/
| title = The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology
| last = Quirk
| first = Caroline
| date = 2023-06-19
| website = legaljournal.princeton.edu
| publisher = Princeton Legal Journal
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}

</ref> compilation and reporting by Caroline Quirk. PLJ is Princeton’s only student-run law review.<section end=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>
* <section begin=tech policy press 2023/>[https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/ '''''Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography''''' at techpolicy.press]<ref name="tech policy press 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/
| title = Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography
| last = Williams
| first = Kaylee
| date = 2023-05-15
| website = techpolicy.press
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> May 2023 compilation and reporting by Kaylee Williams<section end=tech policy press 2023/>

* <section begin=Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA/>[https://foundationra.com/deepfake-ai-laws/ '''''Deepfake AI laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com], [https://foundationra.com/sextortion-laws/ '''''Sextortion laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com] and [https://foundationra.com/revenge-porn-laws-us/ '''''Revenge porn laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com] compilations by [https://foundationra.com/ Foundation RA]<section end=Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA/>
* <section begin=Onfido 2024/>[https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/ '''''Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?''''' at onfido.com]<ref name="Onfido 2024">
{{cite web
| url = https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/
| title = Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?
| last = Owen
| first = Aled
| date = 2024-02-02
| website = onfido.com
| publisher = Onfido
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> February 2024 summary and compilation by Aled Owen, Director of Global Policy at Onfido (for-profit)<section end=Onfido 2024/>

* <section begin=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>[https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html '''''Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?''''' at criminaldefenselawyer.com] <ref name="criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html
| title = Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?
| last = Pirius
| first = Rebecca
| date = 2024-02-07
| website = Criminaldefenselawyer.com
| publisher = [[w:Nolo (publisher)]]
| access-date = 2024-02-22
| quote =
}}

</ref> by Rebecca Pirius is a good bring-together of the current illegality/legality situation in the USA federally and state-wise. Published by [[w:Nolo (publisher)]], updated Feb 2024<section end=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>

* <section begin=tclf 2023/>[https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/ '''''Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace''''' at tclf.in]<ref name="tclf 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/
| title = Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace
| last = Rastogi
| first = Janvhi
| date = 2023-10-16
| website = tclf.in
| publisher = The Contemporary Law Forum
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> October 2023 compilation and reporting by Janvhi Rastogi, published in the The Contemporary Law Forum.<section end=tclf 2023/>

* <section begin=endcyberabuse.org/>[https://endcyberabuse.org/country-factsheets/ '''''The Law on Image-Based Sexual Abuse Worldwide''''' at endcyberabuse.org] contains information for Bangladesh, Canada, England and Wales, France, Germany, India, Japan, Pakistan, Philippines and the USA.<section end=endcyberabuse.org/>
<section end=anti-fake-law-compilations/>

'''New laws'''
* [[#UK|UK]]'s [[#Online Safety Act 2023|Online Safety Act 2023]] has been passed to law and reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.
* The [[#EU|European Union]] has finalized a law package to regulate AI called the [[#Artificial Intelligence Act|Artificial Intelligence Act]]

'''New bills are currently in the works in'''
* Current [[#Bills in the EU|bills in the EU]] of high importance are the almost finalized [[#Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence|Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence]] and the [[#Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse|Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]
* [[#Current bills in the USA|US Senate is considering an anti-fake bill and the House is considering several bills]]
* [[#Canada|Canada]] is considering C-27
* [[#China|China]] seems to be planning to ban all synthetic pornography, however consensual its making was

'''Bills that didn't make it'''
* [[#Canada|Canada's House of Commons]] was considering banning all pornographic content, for which there is no proof-of-age and written consent from everybody visible in the pornographic recording.
* [[#Past bills in the USA|Past bills in the USA]]

= International =
The '''[[w:Convention on Cybercrime]]''', also known as the '''Budapest Convention on Cybercrime''' or the '''Budapest Convention''', is the first international [[w:treaty]] seeking to address [[w:Internet]] and [[w:computer crime]] (cybercrime) harmonizing [[w:municipal law|national laws]], improving investigative techniques, and increasing cooperation among nations.<ref>[https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=185 Convention on Cybercrime, Budapest, 23 November 2001.]</ref> (Wikipedia) The. convention was signed on 2001-11-23

'''[[w:Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime]]''', concerning the criminalisation of acts of a racist and xenophobic nature committed through computer systems is an additional protocol to the [[w:Council of Europe]] Convention on Cybercrime.

= Australia =

[[File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|thumb|right|200px|Australia]]

== Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Act 2024 ==
'''The Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024'''<ref group="1st seen in">ChatGPT Deep research on augmenting this list of laws</ref> criminalized the creation, distribution, and even possession of explicit synthetic human-like fakes without consent.<ref name="GLI2024">https://www.globallegalinsights.com/news/australia-introduces-legislation-to-combat-deepfake-sexual-material/</ref>

Those who create a sexual deepfake of someone without consent face up to 10 years in prison. Those who share or distribute such material (even if they didn’t create it) can get up to 7 years, and merely possessing deepfake porn can lead to 5 years behind bars. Penalties escalate for aggravated cases – if the deepfake is used to harass or blackmail or if the victim is a minor, sentences can reach 15 years.<ref name="GLI2024"/>

'''Official'''
* [https://ministers.ag.gov.au/media-centre/new-criminal-laws-combat-sexually-explicit-deepfakes-21-08-2024 '''''New criminal laws to combat sexually explicit deepfakes''''' at ministers.ag.gov.au]
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/bd/bd2324a/24bd081 '''''Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024 digest''' at aph.gov.au] by Owen Griffiths.
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_LEGislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r7205 '''''Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024''''' progression summary at aph.gov.au]

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.globallegalinsights.com/news/australia-introduces-legislation-to-combat-deepfake-sexual-material/ '''''Australia introduces legislation to combat deepfake sexual material''''' at globallegalinsights.com]

== Online Safety Act 2021 ==

The [https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2021A00076/latest/text '''Online Safety Act 2021''' at legislation.gov.au]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing paper">https://equalitynow.org/resource/briefing-paper-deepfake-image-based-sexual-abuse-tech-facilitated-sexual-exploitation-and-the-law/</ref> regulates the non-consensual sharing or threatening to share sexual images.

If the synthetic fake human-like images depict illegal and restricted online content, then the Online Content Scheme, as defined in the Online Safety Act 2021, may apply.<ref name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing">https://equalitynow.org/resource/briefing-paper-deepfake-image-based-sexual-abuse-tech-facilitated-sexual-exploitation-and-the-law/</ref>

[https://www.esafety.gov.au/ '''Office of the eSafety Commissioner''' at esafety.gov.au] is Australia's independent regulator for online safety.

'''Links'''
* [https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/whats-on/online-safety-act '''''Learn about the Online Safety Act''''' at esafety.gov.au]
* [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-technology-communications/internet/online-safety/current-legislation '''''Key elements of the Online Safety Act 2021''''' at infrastructure.gov.au]
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_LEGislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r6680 '''Online Safety Bill 2021''' at aph.gov.au]
* [https://foundationra.com/australia/ '''Revenge porn laws in Australia''' at foundationra.com]

= Canada =
[[File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg|thumb|right|200px|House of Commons of Canada was contemplating banning distribution of all pornography for which there are no consent declarations and proof-of-age for the people depicted.]]

The existing Canadian law ban the distribution of non-consensual disclosure of intimate images.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

== Active bills in Canada ==
=== Digital Charter Implementation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-27 ===
[https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/c-27 '''''Digital Charter Implementation Act''''' at parl.ca] or ''An Act to enact the Consumer Privacy Protection Act, the Personal Information and Data Protection Tribunal Act and the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act and to make consequential and related amendments to other Acts''

== Past bills in Canada ==
=== Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-270 ===

* [https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading House of Commons of Canada bill '''C-270''' ''''''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'''''' at parl.ca], an act to amend the [[w:Criminal Code (Canada)|Criminal Code]] regarding pornography was first read to the Commons by [[w:Arnold Viersen]] on Thursday 2022-04-28 at 10:15.

According to [https://www.townandcountrytoday.com/local-news/mp-submits-private-members-bill-for-second-time-5346232 townandcountrytoday.com] the author of the bill introduced an identical bill '''C-302''' on Thursday 2021-05-27, but that got killed off by oncoming federal elections

'''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''' - '''An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)''' is a private member's bill by Arnold Viersen ([https://www.arnoldviersen.ca/ Official Site at arnoldviersen.ca])

'''Summary of the C-270 from parl.ca'''
<blockquote>
"''This enactment amends the Criminal Code to prohibit a person from making, distributing or advertising pornographic material for commercial purposes without having first ascertained that, at the time the material was made, '''each person''' whose image is '''depicted''' in the material was '''18 years of age''' or older and '''gave their express consent''' to their image being depicted.''"</blockquote><ref name="Canada C-270">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading
|title= Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)
|last=Viersen
|first=Arnold
|date=2022-04-28
|website=parl.ca
|publisher=[[w:House of Commons of Canada]]
|access-date=2022-10-06
|quote=}}

</ref>

'''Sommaire en français / Summary in French'''
<blockquote>
''Le texte modifie le Code criminel afin d’interdire à toute personne de produire ou de distribuer du matériel pornographique à des fins commerciales, ou d’en faire la publicité, sans s’être au préalable assurée qu’au moment de la production du matériel, '''chaque personne''' dont l’image y est représentée '''était âgée de dix-huit ans''' ou plus et '''avait donné son consentement exprès''' à ce que son image y soit représentée''.</blockquote><ref>Bilingual version of C-270 https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf</ref>

'''Links'''

* [https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' in English et en français at publications.gc.ca]
* [https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/C-270 Parliament of Canada LEGISinfo: C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at parl.ca] in English
* [https://openparliament.ca/bills/44-1/C-270/ C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at openparliament.ca] includes motivation of Mr. Arnold Viersen and the co-sponsor of the bill Mr. Garnett Genuis.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.conservative.ca/mp-viersen-reintroduces-the-stopping-internet-sexual-exploitation-sise-act/ ''MP Viersen reintroduces the Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation (SISE) Act'' at conservative.ca]

----

= China =
This information should be updated.
[[File:Flag of China.png|thumb|right|200px|China passed a law requiring faked footage to be labeled as such, effective 2020-01-01]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in China ==

=== Mandatory labeling of fake media in China since 2020 ===
<section begin=China2020 />On Wednesday January 1 2020 Chinese law requiring that synthetically faked footage should bear a clear notice about its fakeness came into effect. Failure to comply could be considered a [[w:crime]] the [[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]] ([http://www.cac.gov.cn/ cac.gov.cn]) stated on its website. China announced this new law in November 2019.<ref name="Reuters2019">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-technology/china-seeks-to-root-out-fake-news-and-deepfakes-with-new-online-content-rules-idUSKBN1Y30VU
| title = China seeks to root out fake news and deepfakes with new online content rules
| last =
| first =
| date = 2019-11-29
| website = [[w:Reuters.com]]
| publisher = [[w:Reuters]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref> The Chinese government seems to be reserving the right to prosecute both users and [[w:online video platform]]s failing to abide by the rules. <ref name="TheVerge2019">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/29/20988363/china-deepfakes-ban-internet-rules-fake-news-disclosure-virtual-reality
| title = China makes it a criminal offense to publish deepfakes or fake news without disclosure
| last = Statt
| first = Nick
| date = 2019-11-29
| website =
| publisher = [[w:The Verge]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref>
<section end=China2020 />

=== Deep Synthesis Provisions 2023 ===
On Tuesday 2023-01-10 the Deep Synthesis Provisions came into effect. It was originally drafted in 2022 by the '''[[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]]''' as [https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/deep-synthesis-draft/ '''''Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis Internet Information Services''''' (Draft for solicitation of comments) at chinalawtranslate.com] or [http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-01/28/c_1644970458520968.htm view the Chinese language draft '''''国家互联网信息办公室关于《互联网信息服务深度合成管理规定（征求意见稿）》公开征求意见的通知''''' at cac.gov.cn]<ref group="1st seen in">'''Politico AI: Decoded''' mailing list Wednesday 2022-02-02</ref>.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://thediplomat.com/2023/03/chinas-new-legislation-on-deepfakes-should-the-rest-of-asia-follow-suit/ '''''China’s New Legislation on Deepfakes: Should the Rest of Asia Follow Suit?''''' at thediplomat.com] March 2023 reporting
----
= Denmark =
[[File:Animated flag GIFGIFs Denmark.gif|thumb|right|300px|Denmark is considering a novel approach against synthetic filth, by planning to give Danes copyright over their own appearance and voice, a shift from previous legislative approaches against [[synthetic human-like fakes]].]]
Denmark is currently considering changing its laws so that each Dane would have copyright over their own appearance and voice. The Danish approach is novel because it creates a [[w:Right to property|w:property right]] in one’s biometric identity, treating voice/appearance like [[w:intellectual property]], whereas the previous legislative steps elsewhere have been harms-based.

The legislative proposal comes from the Department of Culture of Denmark and is said to have massive support among MPs.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/> The planned changes to Danish copyright law will, once approved, theoretically give people in Denmark the right to demand that online platforms remove content that is in violation of a Danish human's copyright.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/> Parodies and satire get an exception and would still be permitted.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/>

{{Q|“I am extremely proud that we are now sending an unequivocal signal to all citizens that they have the right to their own body, their own voice, and their own facial features.
In a time when technology has outpaced legislation, I am pleased that so many parties in Parliament are joining to protect artists and everyday people from the digital identity theft that can now be done with just a few clicks.
We must not accept that human beings can simply go through the digital copy machine and be misused for all sorts of purposes.
Technology is developing rapidly, and in the future it will be even harder to distinguish reality from fiction in the digital world.
Therefore, it is high time that we build a safeguard against the spread of misinformation while also sending a clear signal to the tech giants.”|Jakob Engel-Schmidt, Culture Minister of Denmark (translated)<ref>https://kum.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/bred-aftale-om-deepfakes-giver-alle-ret-til-egen-krop-og-egen-stemme translation by ChatGPT</ref>|the Danish law initiative to give humans copyright to their own voice and appearance}}

'''Official'''
* [https://kum.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/bred-aftale-om-deepfakes-giver-alle-ret-til-egen-krop-og-egen-stemme '''''Bred aftale om deepfakes giver alle ret til egen krop og egen stemme''''' at kum.dk] press release of the Ministry of Culture on the new planned biometrics copyright protection bill Thursday 2025-06-26

'''Reporting'''

* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jun/27/deepfakes-denmark-copyright-law-artificial-intelligence '''''Denmark to tackle deepfakes by giving people copyright to their own features''''' at theguardian.com] by Miranda Bryant 2025-06-27<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025">
{{cite web
|last = Bryant
|first = Miranda
|date = 2025-06-27
|title = Denmark to tackle deepfakes by giving people copyright to their own features
|url = https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jun/27/deepfakes-denmark-copyright-law-artificial-intelligence
|website = theguardian.com
|location = UK
|publisher = The Guardian
|access-date = 2026-08-22
|quote = The Danish culture minister, Jakob Engel-Schmidt, said he hoped the bill before parliament would send an “unequivocal message” that everybody had the right to the way they looked and sounded. He told the Guardian: “In the bill we agree and are sending an unequivocal message that everybody has the right to their own body, their own voice and their own facial features, which is apparently not how the current law is protecting people against generative AI.”
}}
</ref>
* [https://www.euronews.com/next/2025/06/30/denmark-fights-back-against-deepfakes-with-copyright-protection-what-other-laws-exist-in-e '''''Denmark fights back against deepfakes with copyright protection. What other laws exist in Europe?''''' at euronews.com]<ref name="euronews-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025">
{{cite web
|last = Desmarais
|first = Anna
|date = 2025-06-30
|title = Denmark fights back against deepfakes with copyright protection. What other laws exist in Europe?
|url = https://www.euronews.com/next/2025/06/30/denmark-fights-back-against-deepfakes-with-copyright-protection-what-other-laws-exist-in-e
|website = euronews.com
|location = EU
|publisher = Euronews
|access-date = 2025-08-22
|quote = Denmark will give people copyright over their own likenesses as a way to fight back against generated “deepfake” videos, as countries around the world grapple with the rapid rise of artificial intelligence (AI). In a statement, the Danish government said the bill, which has been agreed upon by all major parties, will make it illegal to share deepfakes and other “digital imitations” of a person’s characteristics. “We are now sending an unequivocal signal to all citizens that you have the right to your own body, your own voice and your own facial features,” Denmark’s culture minister Jakob Engel-Schmidt said in a statement.
}}
</ref> reporting and outline of laws in other EU countries by Anna Desmarais 2025-06-30
* [https://lsj.com.au/articles/denmark-proposes-copyright-laws-to-protect-against-deepfakes/ '''''Denmark proposes copyright laws to protect against deepfakes''''' at lsj.com.au] reporting and analysis by Cat Woods 2025-07-16
* [https://www.indiatimes.com/news/your-face-your-rights-denmarks-tough-new-deepfake-law-could-change-how-ai-imitations-are-handled-across-europe/articleshow/122759842.html ''''''Your face, your rights': Denmark’s tough new Deepfake law could change how AI imitations are handled across Europe''''' at indiatimes.com] reporting putting the new move in bigger context, by Nancy Jaiswal 2025-07-10

----

= EU =
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|200px|The EU must address the malicious uses of AI in the law it is planning to regulate AI.]]
== Laws in the EU ==
=== Artificial Intelligence Act ===

The European Union has a law on AI called '''[[w:Artificial Intelligence Act]]'''. The European Commission proposed the AI Act in 2021. On Wednesday 2024-03-13 the MEPs adopted this law.<ref>

{{cite web
| url = https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law
| title = Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law
| last =
| first =
| date = 2024-03-13
| website = europarl.europa.eu
| publisher = [[w:European Parliament]]
| access-date = 2024-03-22
| quote = The regulation, agreed in negotiations with member states in December 2023, was endorsed by MEPs with 523 votes in favour, 46 against and 49 abstentions.
}}

</ref> The AI Act will have a key role in the effective implementation of upcoming EU [[#Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence|Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence]] and [[#Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse|Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]] that intend to protect us against synthetic pornography.

* European '''Artificial Intelligence Act''' has been approved by the member countries and is on track to be approved by April 2024.<ref>https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-artificial-intelligence-act-ai-technology-risk-rules/</ref> Read [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206 Proposal for a '''''REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL LAYING DOWN HARMONISED RULES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACT) AND AMENDING CERTAIN UNION LEGISLATIVE ACTS''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu]<ref group="1st seen in">https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/the-act/ via https://futureoflife.org/ newsletter</ref> (also contains translations)

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-europe-fit-for-the-digital-age/file-regulation-on-artificial-intelligence '''''Artificial intelligence act''''' in the Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu]

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law '''''Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a press announcement on the adoption of the Artificial Intelligence Act on Wednesday 2024-03-13.

'''Studies and information'''

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/stoa/en/document/EPRS_STU(2021)690039 '''''Tackling deepfakes in European policy''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a 2021 study by the Panel for the Future of Science and Technology and published by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]]. [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/690039/EPRS_STU(2021)690039_EN.pdf View .pdf at europarl.europa.eu]
* [https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/ '''''The EU Artificial Intelligence Act''''' at artificialintelligenceact.eu] is a website promising ''Up-to-date developments and analyses of the EU AI Act'' on the new EU law by the [https://futureoflife.org/ Future of Life Institute], an American non-profit NGO.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euractiv.com/section/artificial-intelligence/opinion/the-ai-act-vs-deepfakes-a-step-forward-but-is-it-enough/ '''''The AI Act vs. deepfakes: A step forward, but is it enough?''''' at euractiv.com], 2024-02-26 opinion piece by Cristina Vanberghen

=== Digital Services Act ===
[https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/digital-services-act-package '''The Digital Services Act''' package at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] [[w:Digital Services Act]] (DSA) came into force in November 2022.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

The Artificial Intelligence Act and Digital Services Act together will help in the enforcement of the upcoming protections to shield us from synthesis crimes.

=== Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence ===
The [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/1385/oj/eng '''''Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu] requires, among other things, that member states criminalize non-consensual [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|synthetic digital look-alike]] pornography in their criminal codes. The directive became active on 2024-05-14 and entered into force on 2024-06-13 and the directive must be implemented in the criminal codes of the member states within 3 years of when it came into force i.e. by Sunday 2027-06-13.

'''Official'''

* [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/1385/oj/eng '''Directive (EU) 2024/1385 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 May 2024 on combating violence against women and domestic violence''' at eur-lex.europa.eu] available in all languages of the EU

* [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/1385/oj/eng '''''Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' original EU Commission proposal at commission.europa.eu]

* [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52022PC0105 '''''Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu] has the directive text in all languages and various formats

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-new-push-for-european-democracy/file-legislative-proposal-on-gender-based-violence '''''Legislative proposal on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu]

* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_649 '''''Commission welcomes political agreement on new rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-02-06 press release by the [[w:European Commission]].

* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_1533 '''''International Women's Day 2022: Commission proposes EU-wide rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-03-08 press release by the EC.

'''Unofficial'''

* [https://hateaid.org/en/eu-protects-women-from-digital-violence/ '''''Deepfakes and dick pics: EU protects women from digital violence''''' at hateaid.org], a 2024-02-07 press release by HateAid.org

* [https://futureoflife.org/ai-policy/disrupting-the-deepfake-pipeline-in-europe/ '''''Disrupting the Deepfake Pipeline in Europe''''' at futureoflife.org], 2024-02-22 article on the approach of ''Leveraging corporate criminal liability under the Violence Against Women Directive to safeguard against pornographic deepfake exploitation'' by Alexandra Tsalidis

== Bills in the EU ==

=== Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse ===

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-promoting-our-european-way-of-life/file-combating-child-sexual-abuse-online '''''New legislation to fight child sexual abuse online''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''tabled''. (As of March 2024)
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/ '''''Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/timeline-prevention-of-online-child-sexual-abuse/ '''''Timeline - Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]

{{Q|The '''Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse''' ('''Child Sexual Abuse Regulation''', or '''CSAR''') is a [[w:European Union regulation]] proposed by the [[w:European Commissioner for Home Affairs]] [[w:Ylva Johansson]] on 11 May 2022. The stated aim of the legislation is to prevent child sexual abuse online through the implementation of a number of measures, including the establishment of a framework that would make the detection and reporting of child sexual abuse material ([[w:Child pornography|CSAM]]) by digital platforms a legal requirement within the European Union.|Wikipedia as of March 2024|[[w:Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]}}

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/02/06/new-eu-rules-will-criminalise-paedophilia-handbooks-and-deepfakes-of-child-abuse '''''New EU rules will criminalise 'paedophilia handbooks' and deepfakes of child abuse''''' at euronews.com], 2024-02-06 reporting

== Code of practice on Disinformation 2022 ==
The [https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation '''2022 Code of Practice on Disinformation''' at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] - ''Major online platforms, emerging and specialised platforms, players in the advertising industry, fact-checkers, research and civil society organisations delivered a strengthened Code of Practice on Disinformation following the Commission’s Guidance of May 2021''.<ref>https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation</ref>

= Finland =
[[File:Flag of Finland.svg|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|200px|Finland finally updated its laws in 2023 against synthetic filth attacks against adults.]]
[[File:Suomen lippu valokuva.png|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|255px|Finland strongly criminalized synthetic sexual pictures depicting children in 2011, upon the initiative of the [[w:Vanhanen II Cabinet]]]]
== Laws in Finland ==

[[File:Flag_of_Finland.svg|link=Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023|25px]] Suomeksi / in Finnish [[Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023]]

=== Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|what-is-it}}

=== Finland criminalized synthetic CSAM in 2011 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|history}}

----
= France =
== Laws against synthesis crimes in France ==
=== LOI n° 2024-449 du 21 mai 2024 visant à sécuriser et à réguler l'espace numérique ===
[https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/dossierlegislatif/JORFDOLE000047533100/ LOI n° 2024-449 du 21 mai 2024 visant à sécuriser et à réguler l'espace numérique at legifrance.gouv.fr]<ref name="SREN-Legifrance">

{{citeweb
|title=Loi n° 2024-449 du 21 mai 2024 visant à sécuriser et à réguler l’espace numérique
|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000049563368
|publisher=Légifrance – Journal officiel
|access-date=2025-08-31}}

</ref>

=== Droit à l'image et respect de la vie privée ===
[https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F32103 '''''Droit à l'image et respect de la vie privée''''' at service-public.fr] or in English [https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F32103?lang=en '''''Right to the image and respect for privacy''''' at service-public.fr] (automatic translation)

----

= Germany =
[[File:Flag of Germany.svg|thumb|right|200px|Existing German laws provide protection against appearance theft.]]
* [https://mj-cohen.com/2020/01/03/deepfakes-and-german-law/ '''''Deepfakes and German law''''' at mj-cohen.com], January 2020 summary by Maureen Cohen states that the existing German laws are well equipped rendering non-consensual digital look-alikes illegal.

----
= India =
[[File:Flag of India.svg|thumb|right|200px|India]]

'''Laws in India'''

Laws in India can be accessed through the [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/ '''India Code''' at indiacode.nic.in]

'''[[w:Information Technology Act, 2000]]'''
* Section 66. - '''Computer related offences.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=76&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66A. - Omitted. Would have been ''Punishment for sending offensive messages through communication service, etc.''
** Section 66B. - Punishment for dishonestly receiving stolen computer resource or communication device.
** Section 66C. - '''Punishment for identity theft.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=79&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66D. - '''Punishment for cheating by personation by using computer resource.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=80&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66E. - '''Punishment for violation of privacy.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=81#:~:text=Whoever%2C%20intentionally%20or%20knowingly%20captures,two%20lakh%20rupees%2C%20or%20with</ref>
** Section 66F. - Punishment for cyber terrorism.
* Section 67. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting obscene material in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=83&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67A. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material containing sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=84&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67B. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material depicting children in sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=85&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67C. - Preservation and retention of information by intermediaries.

'''[[w:Information Technology Rules, 2021]]'''

'''Past bills in India'''
* [[w:Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019]]
'''Legal compilations on the legal situation against synthetic filth in India'''
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|tclf 2023}}
* [https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916 '''''Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture''''' at livelaw.in]<ref name="Livelaw.in 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916
| title = Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture
| last = Rana
| first = Vikrant
| last2 = Gandhi
| first2 = Anuradha
| last3 = Thakur
| first3 = Rachita
| date = 2023-11-24
| website = livelaw.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-21
| quote =
}}
</ref> 2023-11-24 compilation on laws against synthetic fakes in India, by Vikrant Rana, Anuradha Gandhi and Rachita Thakur
* [https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/ '''''What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?''''' at cybercert.in]<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/
| title = What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website = cybercert.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-03-23
| quote = At present, India does not have any law specifically for deep fake cybercrime, but various other laws can be combined to deal with it.
}}
</ref>
* [https://cybercert.in/indian-cyber-laws/ '''''Cyberlaw in India''''' at cybercert.in] provides a wider look into the Indian Cyber Laws

----
= New Zealand =
[[File:Flag of New Zealand.svg|thumb|right|200px|New Zealand]]

* [https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2015/0063/latest/whole.html ''''Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015'''' at legislation.govt.nz]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing paper"/> criminalises intimate visual recordings and image-based sexual abuse.

* '''[[w:Netsafe]]''' [https://netsafe.org.nz/ netsafe.org.nz] is an online safety non-profit organisation in New Zealand. It provides educational, anti-bullying and support services. The organisation is contracted under the [[w:Harmful Digital Communications Act]] until 2026. (Wikipedia)

* [https://www.cert.govt.nz/ '''CERT.govt.nz'''], the [[w:Computer emergency response team]] of New Zealand - "''Responding to cyber security threats in New Zealand - CERT NZ is your first port of call when you need to report a cyber security problem.''"

* The '''[[w:Department of Internal Affairs]]''' investigates the possession of, and trading in, child exploitation material.<ref>https://www.police.govt.nz/advice-services/cybercrime-and-internet/online-child-safety</ref>

'''Links regarding the Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015'''
* [https://www.police.govt.nz/advice-services/cybercrime-and-internet/harmful-digital-communications-hdc ''''Harmful Digital Communications (HDC)'''' at police.govt.nz] by the [[w:New Zealand Police]]
* [https://www.justice.govt.nz/courts/civil/harmful-digital-communications/ ''''Harmful digital communications'''' at justice.govt.nz] by the [[w:Ministry of Justice (New Zealand)]]
* [https://netsafe.org.nz/what-is-the-hdca/ '''''What is the HDCA?''''' at netsafe.org.nz] by [[w:Netsafe]], the agency approved by the [[w:New Zealand Police]] to process complaints about harmful digital communications.
* See Wikipedia article on '''[[w:Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015]]''' for more info

----

= Singapore =
[[File:Flag of Singapore.svg|thumb|right|200px|Singapore]]
== Law in Singapore ==
=== Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019 ===

[[w:Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> is a [[w:statute]] of the [[w:Parliament of Singapore]] that enables authorities to tackle the spread of [[w:fake news]] or [[w:false information]]. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protection_from_Online_Falsehoods_and_Manipulation_Act_2019&oldid=1134029282 Wikipedia])

----

= South Africa =
[[File:Flag of the Republic of South Africa.svg|thumb|right|200px|[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 South Africa's relatively new Cybercrimes Act (Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020)] has been enacted only partially on Dec 1 2021]]

== Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020 ==
[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 '''South-Africa Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020''' (English / Afrikaans) at gov.za]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref> came only partially into effect on Wednesday 2021-12-01.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref>

* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-16-distribution-of-data-message-of-intimate-image/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 16 - Disclosure of data message of intimate image''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] Subsection 1 states <blockquote>''Any person (‘‘A’’) who unlawfully and intentionally discloses, by means of an electronic communications service, a data message of an intimate image of a person (‘‘B’’), without the consent of B, is guilty of an offence.''
</blockquote>

* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-17-attempting-conspiring-aiding-abetting-inducing-inciting-instigating-instructing-commanding-or-procuring-to-commit-offence/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 17 - Attempting, conspiring, aiding, abetting, inducing, inciting, instigating, instructing, commanding or procuring to commit offence''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] states
<blockquote>
Any person who unlawfully and intentionally
# attempts;
# conspires with any other person; or
# aids, abets, induces, incites, instigates, instructs, commands or procures another person, to commit an offence in terms of Part I or Part II of this Chapter, is guilty of an offence and is liable on conviction to the punishment to which a person convicted of actually committing that offence would be liable.
</blockquote>

'''Links'''
* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/ '''Cybercrimes Act''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] by Accessible Law contains the law in website format

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/ '''''Not all of the cogs in the Cybercrimes Act machine are turning at once — we still remain vulnerable''''' at dailymaverick.co.za]

----
= South Korea =
[[File:Flag of South Korea.svg|thumb|right|200px|South Korea has invested heavily in AI research and has also legislation to counter the menaces of synthetic human-like fakes.]]
== Law in South Korea ==
=== ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES ===
[https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawView.do?hseq=40947&lang=ENG '''ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES''' at elaw.klri.re.kr] is a law in South Korea.<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

----

= UK =
* {{#lst:Glossary|UK-Parliament-glossary}}
* {{#lst:Glossary|Law-Society-glossary}}

== Law against synthesis crimes in the UK ==
[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|thumb|right|200px|The UK has improved its legislation.]]

=== Anti-CSAM measures 2025 ===
On Saturday 2025-02-01 Home Secretary Yvette Cooper announced that the UK will be the 1st country in the world to<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-leading-the-way-protecting-children-from-online-predators</ref>
* "''make it illegal to possess, create or distribute AI tools designed to generate child sexual abuse material (CSAM), punishable by up to 5 years in prison''"
* "''make it illegal for anyone to possess AI ‘paedophile manuals’ which teach people how to use AI to sexually abuse children, punishable by up to 3 years in prison''"

Also a law to
* "''introduce a specific offence for predators who run websites designed for other paedophiles to share vile child sexual abuse content or advice on how to groom children, punishable by up to 10 years in prison''"

Additional powers will be given to the Border Force
* "''give Border Force the necessary powers to keep the UK safe and prevent the distribution of CSAM which is often filmed abroad by allowing officers to compel an individual who they reasonably suspect poses a sexual risk to children to unlock their digital devices for inspection, punishable by up to 3 years in prison, depending on the severity''"

Official
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-leading-the-way-protecting-children-from-online-predators '''''Britain's leading the way protecting children from online predators ''''' at gov.uk] - ''UK becomes the first country in the world to create new AI sexual abuse offences to protect children from predators generating AI images. ''

Reporting
* [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8d90qe4nylo '''''AI-generated child sex abuse images targeted with new laws''''' at bbc.com]
* [https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/02/uk/britain-criminalizes-ai-child-sex-abuse-intl-hnk/index.html '''''UK to target AI child sex abuse tools in world first legal crackdown''''' at edition.cnn.com]
* [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/2/uk-to-become-first-country-to-criminalise-ai-child-abuse-tools '''''UK to become first country to criminalise AI child abuse tools''''' at aljazeera.com]
* [https://www.voanews.com/a/uk-to-become-1st-country-to-criminalize-ai-child-abuse-tools/7959851.html '''''UK to become 1st country to criminalize AI child abuse tools''''' at voanews.com]

=== Creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in the UK 2024 ===
On Tuesday 2024-04-16 the UK announced that '''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK'''.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com]</ref> This is a very good move and next logical step would be the prohibition of non-consensually possessing other people's appearance models and voice models, as suggested in [[#Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola|Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola]]. There is really no logical reason to allow criminal leagues to legally possess and trade their libraries of models without this acquisition through covert modeling or trading and possession of raw materials (covert models) to produce the disinformation weapons being illegal.

Reporting
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''Creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com]

=== Online Safety Act 2023 ===
[[w:Online Safety Act 2023]] [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2023/50/enacted '''Online Safety Act 2023''' at legislation.gov.uk] received Royal Assent on 2023-10-26<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular</ref> and it reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.

* '''Part 4''' - '''CSEA reporting''' of the Act on CSEA reporting has not yet come into effect as of February 2024.
** Section 66 requires providers of services regulated under the Act to have systems and processes in place (so far as possible) to ensure that they report all detected and unreported CSEA content present on the service to the NCA (National Crime Agency)
** '''Offence in relation to CSEA reporting''' in Section 69
* '''Part 7''' – '''Enforcement offences'''
* '''Part 10''' - '''Communication offences''' establishes
** '''False communications offence''' in Section 179
** '''Threatening communications offence''' in Section 181
** '''Offences of sending or showing flashing images electronically''' in Section 183
** '''Offence of encouraging or assisting serious self-harm''' in Section 184
** '''Sending etc photograph or film of genitals''' in Section 187
** '''Sharing or threatening to share intimate photograph or film''' in Section 188

The Online Safety Act 2023 came to be from a House of Lords bill UK's [https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3137 '''HL Bill 151''' - '''''Online Safety Bill''''' at bills.parliament.uk] The bill originated from the House of Commons sessions 2021-22 2022-23.

* [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular '''''Online Safety Act: new criminal offences circular''''' at gov.uk] published 2024-01-31 - It is a ''circular is issued to inform the police and other relevant public authorities of certain provisions of the Online Safety Act in particular new criminal offences.''
* [https://www.ofcom.org.uk/news-centre/2023/safer-life-online-for-people-in-uk ''Creating a safer life online for people in the UK'' at ofcom.org.uk]

* [https://www.gov.uk/guidance/a-guide-to-the-online-safety-bill ''A guide to the Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/online-safety-bill ''Documents, publications and announcements relating to the government's Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]

'''Reporting and summaries of the Online Safety Act'''
* [https://www.infolaw.co.uk/newsletter/2023/11/the-online-safety-act-2023-a-primer/ '''''The Online Safety Act 2023: a primer''''' at infolaw.co.uk], a 2023 primer on the Online Safety Act by Alex Heshmaty on 2023-11-29
* [https://www.epra.org/news_items/uk-the-online-safety-act-is-now-law-ofcom-s-powers-as-online-safety-regulator-have-officially-commenced '''''UK: The Online Safety Act is now law; Ofcom’s powers as online safety regulator have officially commenced''''' at epra.org] states that there will three successive implementation phases.

=== The Domestic Abuse Act 2021 Chapter 17, part 6 - Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films ===
'''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/contents/enacted Chapter 17] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/enacted Part 6 - ''Offences involving abusive or violent behaviour''] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted ''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films'' - ''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress'']

According to the UK-based [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/ '''Revenge Porn Helpline''' at revengepornhelpline.org.uk] article [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/ '''''What to do if someone is threatening to share your intimate images'''''] threats to share intimate images with the intent to cause distress is now an offense in UK law. This is included within the '''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' which was enacted into UK law on 29th June 2021.<ref>https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/</ref>

We don't know quite yet if the bug has been fixed, that if the pictures <u>are not pictures of you</u>, but [[synthetic human-like fakes]] the police cannot do anything.

'''Links'''
* [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted '''Domestic Abuse Act 2021''' / '''Chapter 17''' / '''Part 6''' / '''''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films''''' - '''''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress''''' at legislation.gov.uk]

=== Historical about the UK law against synthesis crimes ===

The UK law was not very up-to-date on the issue of synthetic filth until recent improvements.

The independent [[w:Law Commission (England and Wales)]] reviewed the law where it applies to taking, making and sharing intimate images without consent. The outcome of the consultation was due to be published later in 2021.<ref name="BBC2021">

{{cite web
|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-55546372
|title = 'Deepfake porn images still give me nightmares'
|last = Royle
|first = Sara
|date = 2021-01-05
|website = [[w:BBC Online]]
|publisher = [[w:BBC]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = She alerted the police to the images but was told that no action could be taken. Dr Aislinn O'Connell, a lecturer in law at Royal Holloway University of London, explained that Helen's case fell outside the current law.}}

</ref>

"In 2019, law expert Dr Aislinn O’Connell told [[w:The Independent]] that our current laws on image sharing are piecemeal and not fit for purpose. In October 2018 The [[w:Women and Equalities Committee]] called on the UK Government to introduce new legislation on image-based sexual abuse in order to '''criminalise ALL''' non-consensual creation and distribution of intimate sexual images."<ref name="MortPetition2020">

{{cite web
|url = https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images
|title = Change.org petition: 'Tighten regulation on taking, making and faking explicit images'
|last = Mort
|first = Helen
|date = 2020
|website = [[w:Change.org]]
|publisher = [[w:Change.org]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = Unlike other forms of revenge porn, creating pictures or videos like this is not yet illegal in the UK, though it is in some places in the US. The police were unable to help me.}}

</ref> This call is for similar laws as California put in place on January 1 2020.

----

= USA =

[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|thumb|right|200px|Various US states have enacted state laws aimed against synthetic human-like fakes and since May 2025 through the [[w:TAKE IT DOWN Act]] USA has federal legislation against this menace. Many other [[#Past bills in the USA|federal bills have been introduced in the USA]].]]

* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker}}
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024}}
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA}}

{{#lst:Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|cybercivilrights.org law compilations}}

See also:
* [[#Current bills in the USA|Current bills in the USA]] and [[#Past bills in the USA|past bills in the USA]]
* [https://www.congress.gov/legislative-process/introduction-and-referral-of-bills '''The Legislative Process: Introduction and Referral of Bills (Video)''' at congress.gov]
* {{#lst:Glossary|US-Congress-glossary}}

== Federal laws in the USA against synthesis crimes ==
=== US Senate Act S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
The [https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/146 '''''S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act''''' at congress.gov], a bipartisan act against non-consensual intimate image-based abuse, or in other words, against naked synthetic digital look-alikes and real image-based abuse. The long name for citing this act is '''''T'''ools to '''A'''ddress '''K'''nown '''E'''xploitation by '''I'''mmobilizing '''T'''echnological '''D'''eepfakes '''o'''n '''W'''ebsites and '''N'''etworks Act'''''.

It became federal law on Monday 2025-05-19. It was passed by the House of Representatives on Monday 2025-04-28. There is a one year delay on some of the requirements of the TAKE IT DOWN Act.

* In Wikipedia [[w:TAKE IT DOWN Act]]

* [https://rainn.org/policy/take-it-down-act '''''Take It Down Act''''' summary at rainn.org] - ''Criminalizing tech-enabled sexual abuse'' - ''Join us in celebrating this landmark victory for survivors of image-based sexual abuse!''
* [https://rainn.org/news/rainn-backed-%E2%80%9Ctake-it-down-act%E2%80%9D-passes-congress '''''RAINN-Backed “Take It Down Act” Passes Congress!''''' at rainn.org] - ''HISTORIC WIN FOR VICTIMS OF TECH-ENABLED SEXUAL ABUSE: RAINN-Backed “Take It Down Act” Passes Congress!''
* [https://apnews.com/article/take-it-down-deepfake-trump-melania-first-amendment-741a6e525e81e5e3d8843aac20de8615 '''''Take It Down Act, addressing nonconsensual deepfakes and ‘revenge porn,’ passes. What is it?''''' at apnews.com], 2025-04-28 reporting by Barbara Ortutay

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.npr.org/2025/04/28/nx-s1-5380236/take-it-down-act-melania-trump '''''Congress approves a revenge porn bill backed by first lady Melania Trump''''' at npr.org], 2025-04-28 reporting by Ayana Archie
* [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/house-take-it-down-act-vote-deepfake-pornography-victims/ '''''House passes "Take it Down Act," sending revenge porn bill backed by Melania Trump to president's desk''''' at cbsnews.com], 2025-04-28 reporting by Caitlin Yilek

== Law against synthesis crimes in Virginia 2019 ==
=== Code of Virginia § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty ===
[[File:Flag of Virginia.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Virginia]], an avant-garde state. Motto "[[w:Sic semper tyrannis]]"]]

<section begin=Virginia2019 />[[File:Marcus Simon.jpeg|thumb|right|108px|Homie [[w:Marcus Simon|w:Marcus Simon]] ([http://marcussimon.com/ marcussimon.com]) is a Member of the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] and a true pioneer in legislating against synthetic filth.]] Since July 1 2019<ref>

{{Cite web
| url=https://www.fauquier.com/news/new-state-laws-go-into-effect-july/article_6e2e16c8-96b7-11e9-88d0-83a8852ef3eb.html
| title=New state laws go into effect July 1
}}

</ref> [[w:Virginia]] [[w:criminalization|w:has criminalized]] the sale and dissemination of unauthorized synthetic pornography, but not the manufacture.<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515">
{{cite web
| url = https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/
| title = § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website =
| publisher = [[w:Virginia]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref>, as section [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ § 18.2-386.2 titled ''''''Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''''''] became part of the '''[[w:Code of Virginia]]'''.

[https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/ '''Code of Virginia''' (TOC)] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/ '''Title 18.2.''' Crimes and Offenses Generally] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/ '''Chapter 8.''' Crimes Involving Morals and Decency] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title18.2/chapter8/article5/ '''Article 5.''' Obscenity and Related Offenses] » '''Section''' [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ § '''18.2-386.2.''' Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty]

The [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ section '''§ 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''' of Virginia] is as follows:
<blockquote>
'''A'''. ''Any [[w:person]] who, with the [[w:Intention (criminal law)|w:intent]] to [[w:coercion|w:coerce]], [[w:harassment|w:harass]], or [[w:intimidation|w:intimidate]], [[w:Malice_(law)|w:malicious]]ly [[w:dissemination|w:disseminates]] or [[w:sales|w:sells]] any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever that [[w:Depiction|w:depicts]] another person who is totally [[w:nudity|w:nude]], or in a state of undress so as to expose the [[w:sex organs|w:genitals]], pubic area, [[w:buttocks]], or female [[w:breast]], where such person knows or has reason to know that he is not [[w:license]]d or [[w:authorization|w:authorized]] to disseminate or sell such [[w:Video|w:videographic]] or [[w:Film still|w:still image]] is [[w:Guilt (law)|w:guilty]] of a Class 1 [[w:Misdemeanor#United States|w:misdemeanor]]. ''
::For purposes of this subsection, "another person" includes a person whose image was used in creating, adapting, or modifying a videographic or still image with the intent to depict an actual person and who is recognizable as an actual person by the person's [[w:face]], [[w:Simulacrum|w:likeness]], or other distinguishing characteristic.''

'''B'''. ''If a person uses [[w:Service (economics)|w:services]] of an [[w:Internet service provider]], an electronic mail service provider, or any other information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server in committing acts prohibited under this section, such provider shall not be held responsible for violating this section for content provided by another person.''

'''C.''' ''Venue for a prosecution under this section may lie in the [[w:jurisdiction]] where the unlawful act occurs or where any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever is produced, reproduced, found, stored, received, or possessed in violation of this section.''

'''D.''' ''The provisions of this section shall not preclude prosecution under any other [[w:statute]].''<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515"/>

The identical bills were [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+HB2678 House Bill 2678] presented by [[w:Delegate (American politics)|w:Delegate]] [[w:Marcus Simon]] to the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] on January 14 2019 and three day later an identical [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+SB1736 Senate bill 1736] was introduced to the [[w:Senate of Virginia]] by Senator [[w:Adam Ebbin]].
</blockquote>
<section end=Virginia2019 />

== Law against synthesis crimes in Texas 2019 ==
=== Texas SB 751 - Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election ===
[[File:Flag of Texas.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Texas]], the Lone Star State has protected the political candidates, but not ordinary folk against synthetic filth.]]

<section begin=Texas2019 />On September 1 2019 [[w:Texas Senate]] bill [https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/86R/billtext/html/SB00751F.htm '''SB 751''' - '''''Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election'''''] [[w:amendment]]s to the election code came into effect in the [[w:Law of Texas]], giving [[w:candidates]] in [[w:elections]] a '''30-day protection period''' to the elections during which making and distributing digital look-alikes or synthetic fakes of the candidates is an offense. The law text defines the subject of the law as "''a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality''"<ref name="TexasSB751">

{{cite web
|url= https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751
|title= Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election
|last=
|first=
|date= 2019-06-14
|website=
|publisher= [[w:Texas]]
|access-date= 2021-01-23
|quote= In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality}}

</ref> SB 751 was introduced to the Senate by [[w:Bryan Hughes (politician)]].<ref name="Texas SB 751 history">https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751</ref>

<section end=Texas2019 />

The text of '''S.B. No. 751''' is as follows
<blockquote>
'''''AN ACT relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election.'''''

''BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:''

SECTION 1. ''[https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/EL/htm/EL.255.htm Section 255.004, Election Code], is [[w:Amend (motion)|w:amended]] by adding Subsections (d) and (e) to read as follows:''
* ('''d''') ''A person commits an offense if the person, with intent to injure a candidate or influence the result of an election:''
*# '''''creates''' a [[w:deepfake|deep fake]] video; and''
*# ''causes the deep fake video to be '''published''' or '''distributed''' within '''30 days''' of an '''election'''.''
* ('''e''') ''In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the '''intent to deceive''', that '''appears to depict''' a real person performing an action that '''did not occur''' in '''reality'''.''
SECTION 2. ''This Act takes effect September 1, 2019.''
</blockquote>
----

* [[w:Texas Legislature]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in California 2020 ==
=== California AB-602 - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action ===
[[File:Flag of California.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:California]] moved later than Virginia, but it outlawed also the manufacture of synthetic filth on Jan 1 2020.]]

<section begin=California2020 />[[File:Marc Berman.jpg|thumb|120px|right|Homie [[w:Marc Berman|w:Marc Berman]], a righteous fighter for our human rights in this age of industrial disinformation filth and an Assemblymember of the [[w:California State Assembly]], most loved for authoring [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 '''AB-602''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''], which came into effect on Jan 1 2020, banning both the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted.]] January 1 2020 <ref name="KFI2019">

{{cite web
|url= https://kfiam640.iheart.com/content/2019-12-30-here-are-the-new-california-laws-going-into-effect-in-2020/
|title= Here Are the New California Laws Going Into Effect in 2020
|last= Johnson
|first= R.J.
|date= 2019-12-30
|website= [[KFI]]
|publisher= [[iHeartMedia]]
|access-date= 2021-01-23
|quote=}}

</ref> the [[w:California]] [[w:State law (United States)|w:US state law]] '''[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 "AB-602 ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''."]''' came into effect in the [[w:California Civil Code|civil code]] of the [[w:California Codes]] banning the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted. AB-602 provides victims of synthetic pornography with [[w:injunction|w:injunctive relief]] and poses legal threats of [[w:statutory damages|w:statutory]] and [[w:punitive damages]] on [[w:criminal]]s making or distributing synthetic pornography without consent. The bill AB-602 was signed into law by California [[w:Governor (United States)|w:Governor]] [[w:Gavin Newsom]] on October 3 2019 and was authored by [[w:California State Assembly]]member [[w:Marc Berman]] and an identical Senate bill was coauthored by [[w:California State Senate|w:California Senator]] [[w:Connie Leyva]].<ref name="OpenStates AB 602">

{{cite web
|url=https://openstates.org/ca/bills/20192020/AB602/
|title=AB 602 - California Assembly Bill 2019-2020 Regular Session - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action.
|last=
|first=
|date=
|website=openstates.org
|publisher=openstates.org
|access-date=2021-03-24
|quote=}}

</ref><ref name="CNET2019">

{{cite web
| last = Mihalcik
| first = Carrie
| title = California laws seek to crack down on deepfakes in politics and porn
| website = [[w:cnet.com]]
| publisher = [[w:CNET]]
| date = 2019-10-04
| url = https://www.cnet.com/news/california-laws-seek-to-crack-down-on-deepfakes-in-politics-and-porn/
| access-date = 2021-01-23
}}

</ref> [https://trackbill.com/bill/california-assembly-bill-602-depiction-of-individual-using-digital-or-electronic-technology-sexually-explicit-material-cause-of-action/1690501/ AB602 at trackbill.com]
<section end=California2020 />

[[File:Connie Leyva 2015.jpg|thumb|right|240px|[[w:California]] [[w:California State Senate|w:Senator]] [[w:Connie Leyva]] sponsored [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB564&showamends=false '''California Senate Bill SB 564''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''] in Feb '''2019''' and the Senate Bill was [https://www.sagaftra.org/action-alert-support-california-bill-end-deepfake-porn endorsed by SAG-AFTRA], but the Assembly Bill AB-602 authored by [[w:California State Assembly]]member [[w:Marc Berman]] was the one that became law on 1 January 2020 in the [[w:California Civil Code|w:California Civil Code]] of the [[w:California Codes]].]]

'''Introduction''' by [https://a24.asmdc.org/ Assemblymember Marc Berman]:

'''AB 602''', Berman. '''''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action'''''.

Existing law creates a private [[w:Cause of action|w:right of action]] against a person who intentionally distributes a photograph or recorded image of another that exposes the intimate body parts of that person or of a person engaged in a sexual act '''without the person’s consent''' if specified conditions are met.

This bill would provide that a '''depicted individual''', as defined, has a '''[[w:cause of action]] against''' a person who '''either'''
* (1) '''creates''' and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material if the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted''' individual '''did not [[w:consent]]''' to its creation or disclosure or
* (2) who '''intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create if the person knows the '''depicted''' individual '''did not consent''' to its creation.

The bill would specify exceptions to those provisions, including if the material is a matter of legitimate public concern or a work of political or newsworthy value.

The bill would authorize a prevailing [[w:plaintiff]] who suffers harm to seek [[w:Injunction|w:injunctive]] relief and recover reasonable [[w:attorney’s fee]]s and costs as well as specified monetary [[w:damages]], including [[w:Statutory damages|statutory]] and [[w:punitive damages]].

'''The law is as follows''':
<blockquote>
SECTION 1. Section 1708.86 is added to the [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codesTOCSelected.xhtml?tocCode=CIV&tocTitle=+Civil+Code+-+CIV Civil Code of California], to read:

'''1708.86.''' ('''a''') '''For purposes of this section''':
* (1) “''Altered depiction''” means a performance that was actually performed by the depicted individual but was subsequently altered to be in violation of this section.
* (2) “''Authorized Representative''” means an attorney, talent agent, or personal manager authorized to represent a depicted individual if the depicted individual is represented.
* (3) (A) “''Consent''” means an agreement written in plain language signed knowingly and voluntarily by the depicted individual that includes a general description of the sexually explicit material and the audiovisual work in which it will be incorporated.
* (3) (B) A depicted individual may rescind consent by delivering written notice within three business days from the date consent was given to the person in whose favor consent was made, unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:
:**(i) The depicted individual is given at least 72 hours to review the terms of the agreement before signing it.
:**(ii) The depicted individual’s authorized representative provides written approval of the signed agreement.
* (4) “''Depicted individual''” means an individual who appears, as a result of digitization, to be giving a performance they did not actually perform or to be performing in an altered depiction.
* (5) “''Despicable conduct''” means conduct that is so vile, base, or contemptible that it would be looked down on and despised by a reasonable person.
* (6) “''Digitization''” means to realistically depict any of the following:
** (A) The nude body parts of another human being as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
** (B) Computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
** (C) The depicted individual engaging in sexual conduct in which the depicted individual did not engage.
* (7) “''Disclose''” means to publish, make available, or distribute to the public.
* (8) “''Individual''” means a natural person.
* (9) “''Malice''” means that the defendant acted with intent to cause harm to the plaintiff or despicable conduct that was done with a willful and knowing disregard of the rights of the plaintiff. A person acts with knowing disregard within the meaning of this paragraph when they are aware of the probable harmful consequences of their conduct and deliberately fail to avoid those consequences.
* (10) “''Nude''” means visible genitals, pubic area, anus, or a female’s postpubescent nipple or areola.
* (11) “''Person''” means a human being or legal entity.
* (12) “''Plaintiff''” includes cross-plaintiff.
* (13) “''Sexual conduct''” means any of the following:
** (A) Masturbation.
** (B) Sexual intercourse, including genital, oral, or anal, whether between persons regardless of sex or gender or between humans and animals.
** (C) Sexual penetration of the vagina or rectum by, or with, an object.
** (D) The transfer of semen by means of sexual conduct from the penis directly onto the depicted individual as a result of ejaculation.
** (E) Sadomasochistic abuse involving the depicted individual.
(14) “''Sexually explicit material''” means any portion of an audiovisual work that shows the depicted individual performing in the nude or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct.

('''b''') '''A depicted individual has a cause of action against''' a person who does '''either of the following''':
* (1) '''Creates and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material''' and the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted individual''' in that material '''did not consent''' to its creation or disclosure.
* (2) '''Intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create and the person knows the depicted individual in that material '''did not consent''' to the creation of the sexually explicit material.

('''c''') (1) A person is '''not liable''' under this section in either of the following circumstances:
* (A) The person discloses the sexually explicit material in the course of any of the following:
:** (i) Reporting unlawful activity.
:** (ii) Exercising the person’s law enforcement duties.
:**(iii) Hearings, trials, or other legal proceedings.
* (B) The material is any of the following:
:** (i) A matter of legitimate public concern.
:** (ii) A work of political or newsworthy value or similar work.
:** (iii) Commentary, criticism, or disclosure that is otherwise protected by the California Constitution or the United States Constitution.
* (2) For purposes of this subdivision, sexually explicit material is not of newsworthy value solely because the depicted individual is a public figure.

('''d''') It shall not be a defense to an action under this section that there is a disclaimer included in the sexually explicit material that communicates that the inclusion of the depicted individual in the sexually explicit material was unauthorized or that the depicted individual did not participate in the creation or development of the material.

('''e''') (1) A prevailing plaintiff who suffers harm as a result of the violation of subdivision (b) may recover any of the following:
* (A) An amount equal to the monetary gain made by the defendant from the creation, development, or disclosure of the sexually explicit material.
* (B) One of the following:
:** (i) Economic and noneconomic damages proximately caused by the disclosure of the sexually explicit material, including damages for emotional distress.
:** (ii) Upon request of the plaintiff at any time before the final judgment is rendered, the plaintiff may instead recover an award of statutory damages for all unauthorized acts involved in the action, with respect to any one work, as follows:
:** (I) A sum of not less than one thousand five hundred dollars ($1,500) but not more than thirty thousand dollars ($30,000).
:** (II) If the unlawful act was committed with malice, the award of statutory damages may be increased to a maximum of one hundred fifty thousand dollars ($150,000).
* (C) Punitive damages.
* (D) Reasonable attorney’s fees and costs.
* (E) Any other available relief, including injunctive relief.
(2) The remedies provided by this section are cumulative and shall not be construed as restricting a remedy that is available under any other law.

('''f''') An action under this section shall be commenced no later than three years from the date the unauthorized creation, development, or disclosure was discovered or should have been discovered with the exercise of reasonable diligence.

('''g''') The provisions of this section are severable. If any provision of this section or its application is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions.
</blockquote>
<ref name="CaliforniaStateLaw AB 602">
{{Citation
| title = "AB-602 Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action."
| first = Marc
| last = Berman
| author-link = w:Marc Berman
| first2 = Connie
| last2 = Leyva
| author2-link = w:Connie Leyva
| series =
| year = 2019
| publisher = [[w:California]]
| url = https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602
}}

</ref>

----

* [[w:California State Legislature]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in Georgia in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of Georgia (U.S. state) II.png|thumb|right|200px|Georgia's motto is ''"Wisdom, Justice, Moderation"'' and one could say it is well manifested in how their law against synthetic filth [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html '''GA CODE § 16-11-90'''] is thought out and written.]]
=== Georgia Code § 16-11-90 ===

'''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/ Georgia Code]''' / '''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ Title 16. Crimes and Offenses]''' [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html Chapter 11 "Offenses Against Public Order and Safety", Article 3 "Invasions of Privacy", Part 3 "Invasion of privacy" '''GA CODE § 16-11-90''']
<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list">https://cybercivilrights.org/deep-fake-laws/</ref>

'''The law is''' as of April 14, 2021<ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com" /> as follows:
<blockquote>
('''a''') As used in this Code section, the term:

* ('''1''') “''Harassment''” means engaging in conduct directed at a depicted person that is intended to cause substantial emotional harm to the depicted person.

* ('''2''') “''Nudity''” means:

::* (A) The showing of the human male or female genitals, pubic area, or buttocks without any covering or with less than a full opaque covering;

::* (B) The showing of the female breasts without any covering or with less than a full opaque covering; or

::* (C) The depiction of covered male genitals in a discernibly turgid state.

* ('''3''') “''Sexually explicit conduct” shall have the same meaning as set forth in Code Section 16-12-100 .

('''b''') '''A person violates this Code section if he or she, knowing the content of a transmission or post, knowingly and without the consent of the depicted person''':

* ('''1''') '''Electronically transmits or posts''', in one or more transmissions or posts, a photograph or video which depicts nudity or sexually explicit conduct of an adult, '''including a falsely created videographic or still image''', when the transmission or post is harassment or causes financial loss to the depicted person and serves no legitimate purpose to the depicted person; or

* ('''2''') '''Causes the electronic transmission or posting''', in one or more transmissions or posts, of a photograph or video which depicts nudity or sexually explicit conduct of an adult, '''including a falsely created videographic or still image''', when the transmission or post is harassment or causes financial loss to the depicted person and serves no legitimate purpose to the depicted person.

:Nothing in this Code section shall be construed to impose liability on an interactive computer service, as such term is defined in 47 U.S.C. 230(f)(2) , or an information service or telecommunications service, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. 153 , for content provided by another person.

('''c''') Any person who violates this Code section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of a high and aggravated nature; provided, however, that upon a second or subsequent violation of this Code section, he or she shall be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by imprisonment of not less than one nor more than five years, a fine of not more than $100,000.00, or both.

('''d''') A person shall be '''subject to prosecution in this state''' pursuant to Code Section 17-2-1 for any conduct made unlawful by this Code section which the person engages in while:

* ('''1''') '''Either within''' or '''outside of this state''' if, by such conduct, the person commits a violation of this Code section which involves an '''individual who resides in this state'''; or

* ('''2''') '''Within this state''' if, by such conduct, the person commits a violation of this Code section which involves an '''individual who resides within or outside this state'''.

('''e''') The provisions of subsection (b) of this Code section shall not apply to:

* ('''1''') The activities of law enforcement and prosecution agencies in the investigation and prosecution of criminal offenses;

* ('''2''') Legitimate medical, scientific, or educational activities;

* ('''3''') Any person who transmits or posts a photograph or video depicting only himself or herself engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct;

* ('''4''') The transmission or posting of a photograph or video that was originally made for commercial purposes;

* ('''5''') Any person who transmits or posts a photograph or video depicting a person voluntarily engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct in a public setting; or

* ('''6''') A transmission that is made pursuant to or in anticipation of a civil action.

('''f''') There shall be a rebuttable presumption that an information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server, including specifically a service or system that provides access to the Internet, for content provided by another person, does not know the content of an electronic transmission or post.

('''g''') Any violation of this Code section shall constitute a separate offense and shall not merge with any other crimes set forth in this title.</blockquote><ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com">

{{cite web
|url=https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html
|title=Georgia Code Title 16. Crimes and Offenses § 16-11-90
|last=
|first=
|date=2021-04-14
|website=[[w:FindLaw]]
|publisher=[[w:Georgia (U.S. state)]]
|access-date=2022-01-04
|quote=}}

</ref>

== Law against synthesis crimes in New York State in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of New York.svg|thumb|right|200px|New York State]]
=== New York State - CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy SECTION 52-C - Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual ===
[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/-CH6 '''CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights'''] [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/A5 '''ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual '''SECTION 52-C''' - '''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual''']<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list" />

'''The law is as follows:'''
<blockquote>
<big>'''§ 52-c''' - '''''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual.''''' </big><sup>Obs: There are 2 § 52-c's</sup>

'''1. For the purposes of this section:'''

* '''a.''' "'''''depicted individual'''''" means an individual who '''appears''', as a result of digitization, '''to be giving a performance they did not actually perform''' or '''to be performing in a performance that was actually performed by the depicted individual but was subsequently altered to be in violation of this section'''.

* '''b.''' "'''''digitization'''''" means to '''realistically depict the nude body parts of another human being as the nude body parts of the depicted individual''', '''computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the depicted individual''' or the '''depicted individual engaging in sexual conduct''', as defined in subdivision ten of section 130.00 of the penal law, '''in which the depicted individual did not engage'''.

* '''c.''' "''individual''" means a natural person.

* '''d.''' "''person''" means a human being or legal entity.

* '''e.''' "''sexually explicit material''" means any portion of an audio visual work that shows the depicted individual performing in the nude, meaning with an unclothed or exposed intimate part, as defined in section 245.15 of the penal law, or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct, as defined in subdivision ten of section 130.00 of the penal law.

'''2. a.''' A depicted individual shall have a '''cause of action''' against a person who, '''discloses''', '''disseminates''' or '''publishes''' sexually explicit material related to the depicted individual, and the person knows or reasonably should have known the depicted individual in that material '''did not consent''' to its '''creation''', disclosure, dissemination, or publication.

* '''b.''' It shall '''not be a defense''' to an action under this section that '''there is a disclaimer''' in the sexually explicit material that communicates that the inclusion of the depicted individual in the sexually explicit material was unauthorized or that the depicted individual did not participate in the creation or development of the material.

'''3. a.''' A depicted individual may only consent to the creation, disclosure, dissemination, or publication of sexually explicit material by knowingly and voluntarily signing an agreement written in plain language that includes a general description of the sexually explicit material and the audiovisual work in which it will be incorporated.

* '''b.''' A depicted individual may rescind consent by delivering written notice within three business days from the date consent was given to the person in whose favor consent was made, unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:

:* i. the depicted individual is given at least three business days to review the terms of the agreement before signing it; or

:* ii. if the depicted individual is represented, the attorney, talent agent, or personal manager authorized to represent the depicted individual provides additional written approval of the signed agreement.

'''4. a.''' A person is not liable under this section if:

:* i. the person discloses, disseminates or publishes the sexually explicit material in the course of reporting unlawful activity, exercising the person's law enforcement duties, or hearings, trials or other legal proceedings; or

:* ii. the sexually explicit material is a matter of legitimate public concern, a work of political or newsworthy value or similar work, or commentary, criticism or disclosure that is otherwise protected by the constitution of this state or the United States; provided that sexually explicit material shall not be considered of newsworthy value solely because the depicted individual is a public figure.

'''5.''' In any action commenced pursuant to this section, the finder of fact, in its discretion, '''may award injunctive relief''', '''punitive damages''', '''compensatory damages''', and '''reasonable court costs''' and '''attorney's fees'''.

'''6.''' A cause of action or special proceeding under this section shall be commenced the later of either:

* '''a.''' three years after the dissemination or publication of sexually explicit material; or

* '''b.''' one year from the date a person discovers, or reasonably should have discovered, the dissemination or publication of such sexually explicit material.

'''7.''' Nothing in this section shall be read to require a prior criminal complaint, prosecution or conviction to establish the elements of the cause of action provided for in this section.

'''8.''' The provisions of this section including the remedies are in addition to, and shall not supersede, any other rights or remedies available in law or equity.

'''9.''' If any provision of this section or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of this section which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this section are severable.

'''10.''' Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit, or to enlarge, the protections that 47 U.S.C. § 230 confers on an interactive
computer service for content provided by another information content provider, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. § 230.</blockquote><ref name="New York State Civil Rights CHAPTER 6, ARTICLE 5, SECTION 52-C">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual
|title= SECTION 52-C Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual
|last=
|first=
|date=2021-11-12
|website=nysenate.gov
|publisher=[[w:New York State Legislature]]
|access-date=2021-01-04
|quote=}}

</ref>

== Law against synthesis crimes in Florida 2025 ==
[https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2025/1161/?Tab=BillHistory '''''CS/CS/HB 1161: Removal of Altered Sexual Depictions Posted without Consent''''' at flsenate.gov] is set to become law in 2025

'''Reporting'''
* [https://floridapolitics.com/archives/733939-brookes-law-giving-deepfake-victims-recourse-against-platforms-will-head-to-governors-desk/ '''''‘Brooke’s Law,’ giving deepfake victims recourse against platforms, heads to Governor’s desk''''' at floridapolitics.com], April 2025 reporting by A.G. Gancarski

== Current bills in the USA ==

== 119th Congress ==
=== Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2025 (DEFIANCE Act of 2025) (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1837 '''''Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2025 (DEFIANCE Act of 2025)''''' at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of the US Senate bill S. 3696 - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images and Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024 (DEFIANCE Act of 2024) (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3696/text '''''S.3696 - DEFIANCE Act of 2024''''' at congress.gov], a bipartisan Senate bill against synthetic filth.

* [https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record/volume-170/issue-17/senate-section/article/S289-2 '''''Introductory Statement on S. 3696; Congressional Record Vol. 170, No. 17''''' at congress.gov] 2024-01-30
* [https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/press/releases/durbin-graham-klobuchar-hawley-introduce-defiance-act-to-hold-accountable-those-responsible-for-the-proliferation-of-nonconsensual-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-and-videos '''''Durbin, Graham, Klobuchar, Hawley Introduce DEFIANCE Act to Hold Accountable Those Responsible for the Proliferation of Nonconsensual, Sexually-Explicit “Deepfake” Images and Videos''''' at judiciary.senate.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>
* [https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118s3696is '''''S. 3696 (IS) - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024''''' at govinfo.gov]
* [https://www.durbin.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/defiance_act_of_2024.pdf '''DEFIANCE Act of 2024''' at durbin.senate.gov] explains that it would create ''a federal civil remedy for victims who are identifiable in a “digital forgery"''.

'''Reporting and commentary on DEFIANCE Act of 2024 bill'''
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/jan/30/taylor-swift-ai-deepfake-nonconsensual-sexual-images-bill '''''Taylor Swift AI images prompt US bill to tackle nonconsensual, sexual deepfakes''''' at theguardian.com]
* [https://www.theverge.com/2024/1/30/24056385/congress-defiance-act-proposed-ban-nonconsensual-ai-porn '''''Lawmakers propose anti-nonconsensual AI porn bill after Taylor Swift controversy''''' at theverge.com]

=== Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===

[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1027/text '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act)''''' at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of US House bill H.R.7123 - Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7123/text?s=1&r=3 '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-of-artificial-intelligence/the-terrifying-ai-scam-that-uses-your-loved-ones-voice</ref>

=== H.R.1941 - Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
This is a reintroduction of the older US House bill H.R. 3106 - Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3106/text '''''Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act''''' at congress.gov] was introduced in the House on 2023-05-05. It was [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/9631 a reintroduction of H.R. 9631 from the 117th Congress].

== State bills ==
=== NY Senate bill S6278 in the 2025-2026 regular session ===
This bill was reintroduced as [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S6278 S6278] to the 2025-2026 session.

[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S5583 '''NY Senate bill S5583 in the 2023-2024 regular session''' at nysenate.gov] would establish ''the crime of aggravated harassment by means of electronic or digital communication and provides for a private right of action for the unlawful dissemination or publication of deep fakes''.

== Past bills in the USA ==

=== US House bill H.R.6943 - No AI FRAUD Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6943/text '''No Artificial Intelligence Fake Replicas And Unauthorized Duplications Act of 2024''' or the ('''No AI FRAUD Act''') at congress.gov] was introduced to the 118th Congress 2nd session on 2024-01-24.<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>

=== US House bill H.R.5586 - Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023 (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5586/text “Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023” or the “DEEPFAKES Accountability Act” at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of earlier House bill H.R.3230 to the 118th Congress (2023-2024 session)

=== US Senate bill S1641 - Preventing Rampant Online Technological Exploitation and Criminal Trafficking Act of 2022 - (117th Congress) ===
The bill known as [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/4991/text?r=4&s=1 Senate bill '''S.4991''' - ''''''PROTECT Act'''''' at congress.gov] was read by Senator [[w:Mike Lee]] on Wednesday 2022-09-28 twice.

=== New York Senate bill - Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material - in regular session 2021-2022 ===
[[File:Flag of New York (1909–2020).png|thumb|right|200px|[[w:New York State Legislature]] regular session 2021-2022 is contemplating the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York senate bill '''S1641'''] and identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 assembly bill '''A6517'''] to ban sending unsolicited pornography.]]

Bill '''''Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material'''''' is essentially a bill that aims to ban sending unsolicited nudes.

In the 2021-2022 [[w:New York State Senate]] regular sessions, on 2021-01-14 Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored and Senators [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) and [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] of the New York State Senate co-sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law]. On 2021-03-19 an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] was introduced to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] by Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]).<ref group="1st seen in">

First seen in the [https://trackbill.com/search/#/related=%7B%22id%22:%221690501%22,%22state%22:%22CA%22,%22session%22:%222019%22,%22billId%22:%22AB602%22%7D&direction=desc&page=1&resultsPerPage=25&sort=relevancy&tracked&upcoming_hearings&type=bills&state=all&session suggestions for similar bills for Bills similar to CA AB602 by trackbill.com].

</ref>

If this bill passes it will be codified in the [[w:Consolidated Laws of New York]]. View the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York''' at nysenate.gov].

* '''Title of bill''': ''An act to amend the penal law, in relation to the creation of the criminal offense of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''

* '''Purpose''': ''The purpose of this bill is to make it unlawful to send sexually explicit material through electronic means unless the material is sent at the request of, or with the express consent of the recipient.''

* '''Summary of provisions''': Adds a '''new section 250.70''' to the penal law making it ''unlawful to knowingly transmit by electronic means visual material that depicts any person engaging in sexual conduct or with a person's intimate parts exposed unless the material is sent at the request of, or with the express consent of the recipient.

* '''Justification''': ''Currently under New York State law, indecent exposure in person is a crime, but it is not unlawful to send sexually explicit photos to nonconsenting adult recipients through electronic transmission. With the growing modem age of online dating, many individuals are receiving sexually explicit visual content without their consent from strangers. No person should be forced to view sexually explicit material without their consent.''

''The bill offers a clear deterrent to those considering sending unsolicited sexual pics and similar inappropriate conduct, and protects the
unwilling recipients who currently have no legal recourse for such abuses.

''What is illegal in the real world must be illegal in the digital world, and this legislation is a first step in the right direction in adding that accountability.''

* '''Legislative history''':
*# Senate - 2020 - S5949 Referred to Codes
*# Assembly - 2020 - A7801 Referred to Codes

* '''Fiscal implications''': ''Minimal''

* '''Effective date''': ''This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law.''

The text of the bill is, as of 2021-03-24, as follows:

:"Section 1. The penal law is amended by adding a new section 250.70 to read as follows:

:'''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL'''''.

:A person is guilty of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material if a person knowingly transmits by electronic means visual material that depicts any person engaging in sexual conduct or with a person's intimate parts exposed or depicts the covered genitals of a male person that are in a discernibly turgid state and such visual material is not sent at the request of or with the express consent of the recipient. For purposes of this section the term "intimate parts" means the naked genitals, pubic area, anus, or female postpubescent nipple of the person and the term "sexual conduct" shall have the same meaning as defined in [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/130.00 section 130.00 (Sex offenses; definitions of terms)] of this chapter. Unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material is a class a misdemeanor.

:'''§ 2'''. This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law."

----
<gallery>
File:Nopic.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law].
File:LIRR Elmont, Brian Benjamin (cropped).jpg|thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Todd_Kaminsky_Head_Shot.jpg||thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Aileen_Gunther.jpg|thumb|260px|NY Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]) presented an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] on 2021-03-19.
* [[w:New York State Legislature]]
</gallery>

=== US Senate bill - Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - 2019-2020 US Senate session (116th Congress) ===
The Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act (SISE) was a bill introduced to the 2019-2020 session of the US Senate.
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/5054?r=1&s=1 US Senate Bill ''''''S.5054''' - '''Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''''' at congress.gov]

=== US House bill - H.R.3230 - DEEP FAKES Accountability Act (116th Congress) ===

* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230/text '''H.R.3230''' - '''''DEEP FAKES Accountability Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> also known as ''Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2019'' and it aimed to include requirements for producers of synthetic human-like fakes '' to generally comply with certain [[w:Digital watermarking|w:digital watermark]] and disclosure requirements''.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230</ref>

=== US Senate bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress) ===
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/3805/text '''S.3805''' - '''''Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry">
Chatting with ChatGPT 2023

* First I asked ChatGPT to "''list some legislative approaches against so-called "deep fakes" or "deepfakes"''" and it mentioned the Singaporean [[#Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]] and the [[#Bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress)]]

</ref> aimed at criminalizing synthesizing human-likeness media for intent of breaking federal, state, local or tribal law

----

----

= Law proposals =
== Law proposals against synthetic filth by [[User:Juho Kunsola|Juho Kunsola]] ==

* '''Audience''': Developed with suitability for national, supranational and UN treaty levels.
* '''Writing context''':
** Written from context of inclusion to '''criminal codes'''.
** I'm a Finn so this has been worded to fit in the [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1889/18890039001#L24 Chapter 24 of the Criminal Code of Finland (in Finnish at finlex.fi)] titled "''Offences against privacy, public peace and personal reputation''"
** [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039 Access the English translations of the Finnish Criminal Code at finlex.fi] or [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039_20150766.pdf go straight to the latest .pdf from 2016]. Chapter 24 starts on page 107.
* '''History''': This version is an evolution of a Finnish language original written in 2016.

[[File:Suomen lippu valokuva.png|right|thumb|260px|[[w:Finland]] has very logical and very [https://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/ accessible laws], but also here we need updating of the laws for this age of industrial disinformation.]]

Existing law in <big>Chapter 24. of the Finnish Criminal Code - "''Offences against privacy, public peace and personal reputation''"</big> seems to be ineffective against many [[synthetic human-like fakes|synthetic human-like fake attack]] and seems it could be used to frame victims for crimes with [[synthetic human-like fakes#Digital sound-alikes|digital sound-alikes]].

The portions affected by or affecting the synthetic filth situation in bold font:

* Section 1 - Invasion of domestic premises (879/2013)
* Section 1(a) - '''Harassing communications''' (879/2013)
* Section 2 - Aggravated invasion of domestic premises (531/2000)
* Section 3 - Invasion of public premises (585/2005)
* Section 4 - Aggravated invasion of public premises (531/2000)
* Section 5 - '''Eavesdropping''' (531/2000)
* Section 6 - '''Illicit observation''' (531/2000)
* Section 7 - '''Preparation of eavesdropping or illicit observation''' (531/2000)
* Section 8 - '''Dissemination of information violating personal privacy''' (879/2013)
* Section 8(a) - '''Aggravated dissemination of information violating personal privacy''' (879/2013)
* Section 9 - '''Defamation''' (879/2013)
* Section 10 - '''Aggravated defamation''' (879/2013)
* Section 11 - Definition (531/2000)
* Section 12 - '''Right to bring charges''' (879/2013)
* Section 13 - '''Corporate criminal liability''' (511/2011)

[[File:The-diffuse-reflection-deducted-from-the-specular-reflection-Debevec-2000.png|thumb|right|260px|Subtraction of the diffuse reflection from the specular reflection. Image is scaled for luminocity. Diffuse reflection is acquired by placing polarizers in 90 degree angle and specular with 0 degree angle.
<br /><br />
[[:File:Deb-2000-reflectance-separation.png|Original picture]] by [[w:Paul Debevec|Debevec]] et al. - Copyright ACM 2000 https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=311779.344855]]

=== Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth ===

==== §1 Models of human appearance ====

A '''model of human appearance''' means
::* A realistic '''3D model'''
::* A '''[[Glossary#Bidirectional reflectance distribution function|7D bidirectional reflectance distribution function]] model'''
::* A '''direct-to-2D''' capable [[w:machine learning]] model
::* Or a model made with any technology whatsoever, that looks deceivingly like the target person.

==== §2 Producing synthetic pornography ====
Making '''projections''', still or videographic, where targets are portrayed in a '''nude''' or in a '''sexual situation''' from models of human appearance defined in §1 '''without express consent''' of the targets is '''illegal'''.

==== §3 Distributing synthetic pornography ====
'''Distributing''', '''making available''', '''public display''', '''purchase''', '''sale''', '''yielding''', '''import''' and '''export''' of non-authorized '''synthetic pornography''' defined in §2 are '''punishable'''.<ref group="footnote">People who are found in possession of this synthetic pornography should probably not be penalized, but rather advised to get some help.</ref>

==== §4 Aggravated producing and distributing synthetic pornography ====
If the media described in §2 or §3 is made or distributed with the '''intent''' to '''frame for a crime''' or for '''blackmail''', the crime should be judged as '''aggravated'''.

==== Afterwords ====
The original idea I had was to ban both the raw materials i.e. the models to make the visual synthetic filth and also the end product weaponized synthetic pornography, but then in July 2019 it appeared to me that [[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]] could really help in this age of industrial disinformation if it were built, trained and operational. Banning modeling of human appearance was in conflict with the revised plan.

It is safe to assume that collecting permissions to model each pornographic recording is not plausible, so an interesting question is that can we ban covert modeling from non-pornographic pictures, while still retaining the ability to model all porn found on the Internet.

In case we want to pursue banning modeling people's appearance from non-pornographic images/videos without explicit permission be pursued it must be <font color="green">formulated</font> so that this <font color="red">'''does not make'''</font> <big>'''[[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]]'''</big> <font color="red">illegal</font> / <font color="red">impossible</font>. This would seem to lead to a weird situation where modeling a human from non-pornographic media would be illegal, but modeling from pornography legal.

=== Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice ===
{{#ev:youtube|0sR1rU3gLzQ|360px|right|[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sR1rU3gLzQ Video 'This AI Clones Your Voice After Listening for 5 Seconds' by '2 minute papers' at YouTube] describes the voice thieving machine by Google Research in [[w:NeurIPS|w:NeurIPS]] 2018.}}

'''Motivation''': The current situation where the criminals can freely trade and grow their libraries of stolen voices is unwise.

==== §1 Unauthorized modeling of a human voice ====
'''Acquiring''' such a '''model of a human's voice''', that '''deceptively resembles''' some '''dead''' or '''living''' person's voice and the '''possession''', '''purchase''', '''sale''', '''yielding''', '''import''' and '''export''' '''without''' the '''express consent''' of the target are '''punishable'''.

==== §2 Application of unauthorized voice models ====
'''Producing''' and '''making available''' media from covert voice models defined in §1 is '''punishable'''.

==== §3 Aggravated application of unauthorized voice models ====
If the produced media is for a '''purpose''' to
::* '''frame''' a '''human''' target or targets for '''crimes'''
::* to attempt '''extortion''' or
::* to '''defame the target''',
the crime should be judged as '''aggravated'''.

----

= Resources and reporting on law =

== AI and law in general ==

[[File:LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg|thumb|right|340px|[[w:Library of Congress]] ([https://loc.gov/ loc.gov]) reading room]]

''' Reviews and regulation '''
From the '''[[w:Library of Congress]]''':

* [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/index.php ''''''Regulation of Artificial Intelligence'''''' at loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/compsum.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Comparative Summary' at loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/international.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: International and Regional Approaches' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/americas.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: The Americas and the Caribbean' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/asia-pacific.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: East/South Asia and the Pacific' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/europe-asia.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Europe and Central Asia' loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/middleeast-northafrica.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Middle East and North Africa' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/africa.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Sub-Saharan Africa' (loc.gov)]

'''[[w:Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher|w:Gibson Dunn & Crutcher]]''' (gibsondunn.com) publishes a quarterly legal update on 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems'. Gibson Dunn & Crutcher is a global [[w:law firm|w:law firm]], founded in Los Angeles in 1890.
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-4q18/ ''''''Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update'''''' Quarter 4 2018 at Gibson & Dunn]
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-1q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 1 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-2q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 2 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-3q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 3 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-automated-systems-legal-update-4q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 4 2019']

''' From Europe'''
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|180px|The [[w:European Union]]'s [[w:European Parliament|Parliament]]'s [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] on [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives].]]
* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf ''''''The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives'''''' (.pdf) at europarl.europa.eu], a March 2020 study by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] Starting from page 37 the .pdf lists organizations in the field.

== Synthetic filth in the law and media ==
* [https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4409&context=vlr ''''''"The New Weapon of Choice": Law's Current Inability to Properly Address Deepfake Pornography'''''' at scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu], October 2020 Notes by Anne Pechenik Gieseke published in the The [[w:Vanderbilt Law Review]], the flagship [[w:academic journal]] of [[w:Vanderbilt University Law School]].
* [https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/07/08/deepfakes-and-synthetic-media-in-financial-system-assessing-threat-scenarios-pub-82237 ''''''Deepfakes and Synthetic Media in the Financial System: Assessing Threat Scenarios'''''' at carnegieendowment.org], a 2020-07-08 assessment identifies some types of criminalities that can be made using [[synthetic human-like fakes]].
* [https://ssri.duke.edu/news/don%E2%80%99t-believe-your-eyes-or-ears-weaponization-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-and ''''''Don’t Believe Your Eyes (or Ears): The Weaponization of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deepfakes'''''' at ssri.duke.edu], an October 2019 news article by Joe Littell, published by the Social Science Research Institute at the [[w:Duke University]]
* [https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/dltr/vol17/iss1/4/ ''''''Deepfakes: False Pornography Is Here and the Law Cannot Protect You'''''' at scholarship.law.duke.edu], published in 2019 in the [[w:Duke Law Journal|Duke Law Journal]], a student-run law review.
* [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-20/deepfake-porn-political-ads-push-states-to-curb-rampant-ai-use '''''States Are Rushing to Regulate Deepfakes as AI Goes Mainstream''''' at bloomberg.com] (paywalled), June 2023 reporting on US legislation against synthetic human-like fakes. It lists CA, WA, WY, MN, TX, GA and VA as having anti-deepfake laws and lists LA, IL, MA and NJ as planning to legislate.

== The countries that have unfortunately banned full face veil ==

{{Q|There are currently 16 nations that have banned the burqa (not to be confused with the hijab), including [[w:Tunisia]],<ref name="reuters.com">

{{cite news
|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-tunisia-niqab-security-idUKKCN1U01CH
|title= Tunisian PM bans wearing of niqab in public institutions
|date=5 July 2019
|access-date=2021-03-13
|newspaper= Reuters
}}

</ref> [[w:Austria]], [[w:Denmark]], [[w:France]], [[w:Belgium]], [[w:Tajikistan]], [[w:Latvia]],<ref name="independent.co.uk">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/islamic-muslim-face-veil-niqab-burqa-banned-latvia-despite-being-worn-by-just-three-women-entire-a6993991.html
|title=A European government has banned Islamic face veils despite them being worn by just three women
|date=21 April 2016
|access-date=2021-03-13
}}

</ref> [[w:Bulgaria]],<ref>

[https://www.smh.com.au/world/bulgaria-the-latest-european-country-to-ban-the-burqa-and-niqab-in-public-places-20160930-grss9q.html Bulgaria the latest European country to ban the burqa and [niqab in public places], Smh.com.au: accessed 5 December 2016.

</ref> [[w:Cameroon]], [[w:Chad]], [[w:Congo-Brazzaville]], [[w:Gabon]], [[w:Netherlands]],<ref>
{{cite news
|last1=Halasz
|first1=Stephanie
|last2=McKenzie
|first2=Sheena
|title=The Netherlands introduces burqa ban in some public spaces
|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/27/europe/netherlands-partial-burqa-ban-intl/index.html
|access-date=2021-03-13
|agency=CNN
|issue=27 June 2018
|publisher=CNN
|date=27 June 2018
}}

</ref> [[w:China]],<ref>
{{cite news
|last1=Phillips
|first1=Tom
|title=China bans burqa in capital of Muslim region of Xinjiang
|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/11342070/China-bans-burqa-in-capital-of-Muslim-region-of-Xinjiang.html
|access-date=2021-03-13
|agency=The Telegraph
|issue=13 January 2015
|newspaper=The Telegraph
|date=13 January 2015
}}

</ref> [[w:Morocco]], and [[w:Switzerland]].|Wikipedia|[[w:Hijab by country]] as of 2021-03-13}}

Taking into consideration these times of industrial disinformation, it is vicious and uncivilized to have laws banning wearing a the full face veil in public.

== Quotes on the current laws and their application ==
{{#lst:Quotes|FinalLineOfDefenseForTheTimeBeing}}

----

= Footnotes =
<references group="footnote" />

= 1st seen in =
<references group="1st seen in" />

= References =
<references />

[[Category:In English]]
[[Category:Law]]
[[Category:Antifake]]

Laws against synthesis and other related crimes

2025-08-23T10:18:02Z

Juho Kunsola: /* Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence */ + link duplication + housekeeping

[[File:No-synthetic-F.png|thumb|right|260px|link=Main Page|This article is an attempt to track legislation against '''[[synthetic human-like fakes]]''' world-wide.]]
[[File:Screenshot at 27s of a moving digital-look-alike made to appear Obama-like by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed 2018.png|thumb|right|480px|link=Mediatheque/2018/Obama's appearance thieved - a public service announcement digital look-alike by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Obama-like-fake-2018}}]]
[[File:Appearance of Richard Nixon stolen by the Center for Advanced Virtuality of MIT for their awareness raising project In The Event of Moon Disaster 2020 screenshot at 376s.png|thumb|rightr|480px|link=Mediatheque/2020/Nixon's appearance and voice stolen - a public service announcement digital look-alike and sound-alike by MIT's Center for Advanced Virtuality|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Nixon-like-fake-2020}}]]
[[File:Justice scale silhouette, medium.svg|thumb|right|200px|Do you know of a law or jurisdiction that this list does not include? Add it! Or let us know through the chat in the lower-righthand side!]]

This article contains some current laws against abusive uses of synthetic human-like fakes and also information what kind of laws are being prepared and two SSFWIKI original law proposals, [[#Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth|one against digital look-alikes]] and [[#Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice|one against digital sound-alikes]].

'''Information elsewhere / legal information compilations''' (recommended)
<section begin=anti-fake-law-compilations/>
* <section begin=ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker/>[https://legislation.ballotpedia.org/ai-deepfakes/home '''''AI deepfake legislation tracker''''' at legislation.ballotpedia.org] by Ballotpedia.org for tracking US legislation.<section end=ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker/>
* {{#lst:Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|cybercivilrights.org law compilations}}
* <section begin=responsible.ai 2023/>[https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches '''''A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches''''' at responsible.ai]<ref name="responsible.ai 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches
| title = A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches
| last = Lawson
| first = Amanda
| date = 2023-04-24
| website = responsible.ai
| publisher = Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> April 2023 compilation and reporting by Amanda Lawson of the Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute.<section end=responsible.ai 2023/>
* <section begin=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>[https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/ '''''The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology''''' at legaljournal.princeton.edu]<ref name="Princeton Legal Journal 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/
| title = The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology
| last = Quirk
| first = Caroline
| date = 2023-06-19
| website = legaljournal.princeton.edu
| publisher = Princeton Legal Journal
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}

</ref> compilation and reporting by Caroline Quirk. PLJ is Princeton’s only student-run law review.<section end=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>
* <section begin=tech policy press 2023/>[https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/ '''''Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography''''' at techpolicy.press]<ref name="tech policy press 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/
| title = Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography
| last = Williams
| first = Kaylee
| date = 2023-05-15
| website = techpolicy.press
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> May 2023 compilation and reporting by Kaylee Williams<section end=tech policy press 2023/>

* <section begin=Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA/>[https://foundationra.com/deepfake-ai-laws/ '''''Deepfake AI laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com], [https://foundationra.com/sextortion-laws/ '''''Sextortion laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com] and [https://foundationra.com/revenge-porn-laws-us/ '''''Revenge porn laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com] compilations by [https://foundationra.com/ Foundation RA]<section end=Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA/>
* <section begin=Onfido 2024/>[https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/ '''''Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?''''' at onfido.com]<ref name="Onfido 2024">
{{cite web
| url = https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/
| title = Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?
| last = Owen
| first = Aled
| date = 2024-02-02
| website = onfido.com
| publisher = Onfido
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> February 2024 summary and compilation by Aled Owen, Director of Global Policy at Onfido (for-profit)<section end=Onfido 2024/>

* <section begin=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>[https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html '''''Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?''''' at criminaldefenselawyer.com] <ref name="criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html
| title = Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?
| last = Pirius
| first = Rebecca
| date = 2024-02-07
| website = Criminaldefenselawyer.com
| publisher = [[w:Nolo (publisher)]]
| access-date = 2024-02-22
| quote =
}}

</ref> by Rebecca Pirius is a good bring-together of the current illegality/legality situation in the USA federally and state-wise. Published by [[w:Nolo (publisher)]], updated Feb 2024<section end=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>

* <section begin=tclf 2023/>[https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/ '''''Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace''''' at tclf.in]<ref name="tclf 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/
| title = Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace
| last = Rastogi
| first = Janvhi
| date = 2023-10-16
| website = tclf.in
| publisher = The Contemporary Law Forum
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> October 2023 compilation and reporting by Janvhi Rastogi, published in the The Contemporary Law Forum.<section end=tclf 2023/>

* <section begin=endcyberabuse.org/>[https://endcyberabuse.org/country-factsheets/ '''''The Law on Image-Based Sexual Abuse Worldwide''''' at endcyberabuse.org] contains information for Bangladesh, Canada, England and Wales, France, Germany, India, Japan, Pakistan, Philippines and the USA.<section end=endcyberabuse.org/>
<section end=anti-fake-law-compilations/>

'''New laws'''
* [[#UK|UK]]'s [[#Online Safety Act 2023|Online Safety Act 2023]] has been passed to law and reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.
* The [[#EU|European Union]] has finalized a law package to regulate AI called the [[#Artificial Intelligence Act|Artificial Intelligence Act]]

'''New bills are currently in the works in'''
* Current [[#Bills in the EU|bills in the EU]] of high importance are the almost finalized [[#Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence|Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence]] and the [[#Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse|Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]
* [[#Current bills in the USA|US Senate is considering an anti-fake bill and the House is considering several bills]]
* [[#Canada|Canada]] is considering C-27
* [[#China|China]] seems to be planning to ban all synthetic pornography, however consensual its making was

'''Bills that didn't make it'''
* [[#Canada|Canada's House of Commons]] was considering banning all pornographic content, for which there is no proof-of-age and written consent from everybody visible in the pornographic recording.
* [[#Past bills in the USA|Past bills in the USA]]

= International =
The '''[[w:Convention on Cybercrime]]''', also known as the '''Budapest Convention on Cybercrime''' or the '''Budapest Convention''', is the first international [[w:treaty]] seeking to address [[w:Internet]] and [[w:computer crime]] (cybercrime) harmonizing [[w:municipal law|national laws]], improving investigative techniques, and increasing cooperation among nations.<ref>[https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=185 Convention on Cybercrime, Budapest, 23 November 2001.]</ref> (Wikipedia) The. convention was signed on 2001-11-23

'''[[w:Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime]]''', concerning the criminalisation of acts of a racist and xenophobic nature committed through computer systems is an additional protocol to the [[w:Council of Europe]] Convention on Cybercrime.

= Australia =

[[File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|thumb|right|200px|Australia]]

== Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Act 2024 ==
'''The Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024'''<ref group="1st seen in">ChatGPT Deep research on augmenting this list of laws</ref> criminalized the creation, distribution, and even possession of explicit synthetic human-like fakes without consent.<ref name="GLI2024">https://www.globallegalinsights.com/news/australia-introduces-legislation-to-combat-deepfake-sexual-material/</ref>

Those who create a sexual deepfake of someone without consent face up to 10 years in prison. Those who share or distribute such material (even if they didn’t create it) can get up to 7 years, and merely possessing deepfake porn can lead to 5 years behind bars. Penalties escalate for aggravated cases – if the deepfake is used to harass or blackmail or if the victim is a minor, sentences can reach 15 years.<ref name="GLI2024"/>

'''Official'''
* [https://ministers.ag.gov.au/media-centre/new-criminal-laws-combat-sexually-explicit-deepfakes-21-08-2024 '''''New criminal laws to combat sexually explicit deepfakes''''' at ministers.ag.gov.au]
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/bd/bd2324a/24bd081 '''''Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024 digest''' at aph.gov.au] by Owen Griffiths.
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_LEGislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r7205 '''''Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024''''' progression summary at aph.gov.au]

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.globallegalinsights.com/news/australia-introduces-legislation-to-combat-deepfake-sexual-material/ '''''Australia introduces legislation to combat deepfake sexual material''''' at globallegalinsights.com]

== Online Safety Act 2021 ==

The [https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2021A00076/latest/text '''Online Safety Act 2021''' at legislation.gov.au]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing paper">https://equalitynow.org/resource/briefing-paper-deepfake-image-based-sexual-abuse-tech-facilitated-sexual-exploitation-and-the-law/</ref> regulates the non-consensual sharing or threatening to share sexual images.

If the synthetic fake human-like images depict illegal and restricted online content, then the Online Content Scheme, as defined in the Online Safety Act 2021, may apply.<ref name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing">https://equalitynow.org/resource/briefing-paper-deepfake-image-based-sexual-abuse-tech-facilitated-sexual-exploitation-and-the-law/</ref>

[https://www.esafety.gov.au/ '''Office of the eSafety Commissioner''' at esafety.gov.au] is Australia's independent regulator for online safety.

'''Links'''
* [https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/whats-on/online-safety-act '''''Learn about the Online Safety Act''''' at esafety.gov.au]
* [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-technology-communications/internet/online-safety/current-legislation '''''Key elements of the Online Safety Act 2021''''' at infrastructure.gov.au]
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_LEGislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r6680 '''Online Safety Bill 2021''' at aph.gov.au]
* [https://foundationra.com/australia/ '''Revenge porn laws in Australia''' at foundationra.com]

= Canada =
[[File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg|thumb|right|200px|House of Commons of Canada was contemplating banning distribution of all pornography for which there are no consent declarations and proof-of-age for the people depicted.]]

The existing Canadian law ban the distribution of non-consensual disclosure of intimate images.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

== Active bills in Canada ==
=== Digital Charter Implementation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-27 ===
[https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/c-27 '''''Digital Charter Implementation Act''''' at parl.ca] or ''An Act to enact the Consumer Privacy Protection Act, the Personal Information and Data Protection Tribunal Act and the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act and to make consequential and related amendments to other Acts''

== Past bills in Canada ==
=== Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-270 ===

* [https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading House of Commons of Canada bill '''C-270''' ''''''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'''''' at parl.ca], an act to amend the [[w:Criminal Code (Canada)|Criminal Code]] regarding pornography was first read to the Commons by [[w:Arnold Viersen]] on Thursday 2022-04-28 at 10:15.

According to [https://www.townandcountrytoday.com/local-news/mp-submits-private-members-bill-for-second-time-5346232 townandcountrytoday.com] the author of the bill introduced an identical bill '''C-302''' on Thursday 2021-05-27, but that got killed off by oncoming federal elections

'''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''' - '''An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)''' is a private member's bill by Arnold Viersen ([https://www.arnoldviersen.ca/ Official Site at arnoldviersen.ca])

'''Summary of the C-270 from parl.ca'''
<blockquote>
"''This enactment amends the Criminal Code to prohibit a person from making, distributing or advertising pornographic material for commercial purposes without having first ascertained that, at the time the material was made, '''each person''' whose image is '''depicted''' in the material was '''18 years of age''' or older and '''gave their express consent''' to their image being depicted.''"</blockquote><ref name="Canada C-270">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading
|title= Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)
|last=Viersen
|first=Arnold
|date=2022-04-28
|website=parl.ca
|publisher=[[w:House of Commons of Canada]]
|access-date=2022-10-06
|quote=}}

</ref>

'''Sommaire en français / Summary in French'''
<blockquote>
''Le texte modifie le Code criminel afin d’interdire à toute personne de produire ou de distribuer du matériel pornographique à des fins commerciales, ou d’en faire la publicité, sans s’être au préalable assurée qu’au moment de la production du matériel, '''chaque personne''' dont l’image y est représentée '''était âgée de dix-huit ans''' ou plus et '''avait donné son consentement exprès''' à ce que son image y soit représentée''.</blockquote><ref>Bilingual version of C-270 https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf</ref>

'''Links'''

* [https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' in English et en français at publications.gc.ca]
* [https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/C-270 Parliament of Canada LEGISinfo: C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at parl.ca] in English
* [https://openparliament.ca/bills/44-1/C-270/ C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at openparliament.ca] includes motivation of Mr. Arnold Viersen and the co-sponsor of the bill Mr. Garnett Genuis.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.conservative.ca/mp-viersen-reintroduces-the-stopping-internet-sexual-exploitation-sise-act/ ''MP Viersen reintroduces the Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation (SISE) Act'' at conservative.ca]

----

= China =
This information should be updated.
[[File:Flag of China.png|thumb|right|200px|China passed a law requiring faked footage to be labeled as such, effective 2020-01-01]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in China ==

=== Mandatory labeling of fake media in China since 2020 ===
<section begin=China2020 />On Wednesday January 1 2020 Chinese law requiring that synthetically faked footage should bear a clear notice about its fakeness came into effect. Failure to comply could be considered a [[w:crime]] the [[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]] ([http://www.cac.gov.cn/ cac.gov.cn]) stated on its website. China announced this new law in November 2019.<ref name="Reuters2019">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-technology/china-seeks-to-root-out-fake-news-and-deepfakes-with-new-online-content-rules-idUSKBN1Y30VU
| title = China seeks to root out fake news and deepfakes with new online content rules
| last =
| first =
| date = 2019-11-29
| website = [[w:Reuters.com]]
| publisher = [[w:Reuters]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref> The Chinese government seems to be reserving the right to prosecute both users and [[w:online video platform]]s failing to abide by the rules. <ref name="TheVerge2019">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/29/20988363/china-deepfakes-ban-internet-rules-fake-news-disclosure-virtual-reality
| title = China makes it a criminal offense to publish deepfakes or fake news without disclosure
| last = Statt
| first = Nick
| date = 2019-11-29
| website =
| publisher = [[w:The Verge]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref>
<section end=China2020 />

=== Deep Synthesis Provisions 2023 ===
On Tuesday 2023-01-10 the Deep Synthesis Provisions came into effect. It was originally drafted in 2022 by the '''[[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]]''' as [https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/deep-synthesis-draft/ '''''Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis Internet Information Services''''' (Draft for solicitation of comments) at chinalawtranslate.com] or [http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-01/28/c_1644970458520968.htm view the Chinese language draft '''''国家互联网信息办公室关于《互联网信息服务深度合成管理规定（征求意见稿）》公开征求意见的通知''''' at cac.gov.cn]<ref group="1st seen in">'''Politico AI: Decoded''' mailing list Wednesday 2022-02-02</ref>.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://thediplomat.com/2023/03/chinas-new-legislation-on-deepfakes-should-the-rest-of-asia-follow-suit/ '''''China’s New Legislation on Deepfakes: Should the Rest of Asia Follow Suit?''''' at thediplomat.com] March 2023 reporting
----
= Denmark =
[[File:Animated flag GIFGIFs Denmark.gif|thumb|right|300px|Denmark is considering a novel approach against synthetic filth, by planning to give Danes copyright over their own appearance and voice, a shift from previous legislative approaches against [[synthetic human-like fakes]].]]
Denmark is currently considering changing its laws so that each Dane would have copyright over their own appearance and voice. The Danish approach is novel because it creates a [[w:Right to property|w:property right]] in one’s biometric identity, treating voice/appearance like [[w:intellectual property]], whereas the previous legislative steps elsewhere have been harms-based.

The legislative proposal comes from the Department of Culture of Denmark and is said to have massive support among MPs.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/> The planned changes to Danish copyright law will, once approved, theoretically give people in Denmark the right to demand that online platforms remove content that is in violation of a Danish human's copyright.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/> Parodies and satire get an exception and would still be permitted.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/>

{{Q|“I am extremely proud that we are now sending an unequivocal signal to all citizens that they have the right to their own body, their own voice, and their own facial features.
In a time when technology has outpaced legislation, I am pleased that so many parties in Parliament are joining to protect artists and everyday people from the digital identity theft that can now be done with just a few clicks.
We must not accept that human beings can simply go through the digital copy machine and be misused for all sorts of purposes.
Technology is developing rapidly, and in the future it will be even harder to distinguish reality from fiction in the digital world.
Therefore, it is high time that we build a safeguard against the spread of misinformation while also sending a clear signal to the tech giants.”|Jakob Engel-Schmidt, Culture Minister of Denmark (translated)<ref>https://kum.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/bred-aftale-om-deepfakes-giver-alle-ret-til-egen-krop-og-egen-stemme translation by ChatGPT</ref>|the Danish law initiative to give humans copyright to their own voice and appearance}}

'''Official'''
* [https://kum.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/bred-aftale-om-deepfakes-giver-alle-ret-til-egen-krop-og-egen-stemme '''''Bred aftale om deepfakes giver alle ret til egen krop og egen stemme''''' at kum.dk] press release of the Ministry of Culture on the new planned biometrics copyright protection bill Thursday 2025-06-26

'''Reporting'''

* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jun/27/deepfakes-denmark-copyright-law-artificial-intelligence '''''Denmark to tackle deepfakes by giving people copyright to their own features''''' at theguardian.com] by Miranda Bryant 2025-06-27<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025">
{{cite web
|last = Bryant
|first = Miranda
|date = 2025-06-27
|title = Denmark to tackle deepfakes by giving people copyright to their own features
|url = https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jun/27/deepfakes-denmark-copyright-law-artificial-intelligence
|website = theguardian.com
|location = UK
|publisher = The Guardian
|access-date = 2026-08-22
|quote = The Danish culture minister, Jakob Engel-Schmidt, said he hoped the bill before parliament would send an “unequivocal message” that everybody had the right to the way they looked and sounded. He told the Guardian: “In the bill we agree and are sending an unequivocal message that everybody has the right to their own body, their own voice and their own facial features, which is apparently not how the current law is protecting people against generative AI.”
}}
</ref>
* [https://www.euronews.com/next/2025/06/30/denmark-fights-back-against-deepfakes-with-copyright-protection-what-other-laws-exist-in-e '''''Denmark fights back against deepfakes with copyright protection. What other laws exist in Europe?''''' at euronews.com]<ref name="euronews-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025">
{{cite web
|last = Desmarais
|first = Anna
|date = 2025-06-30
|title = Denmark fights back against deepfakes with copyright protection. What other laws exist in Europe?
|url = https://www.euronews.com/next/2025/06/30/denmark-fights-back-against-deepfakes-with-copyright-protection-what-other-laws-exist-in-e
|website = euronews.com
|location = EU
|publisher = Euronews
|access-date = 2025-08-22
|quote = Denmark will give people copyright over their own likenesses as a way to fight back against generated “deepfake” videos, as countries around the world grapple with the rapid rise of artificial intelligence (AI). In a statement, the Danish government said the bill, which has been agreed upon by all major parties, will make it illegal to share deepfakes and other “digital imitations” of a person’s characteristics. “We are now sending an unequivocal signal to all citizens that you have the right to your own body, your own voice and your own facial features,” Denmark’s culture minister Jakob Engel-Schmidt said in a statement.
}}
</ref> reporting and outline of laws in other EU countries by Anna Desmarais 2025-06-30
* [https://lsj.com.au/articles/denmark-proposes-copyright-laws-to-protect-against-deepfakes/ '''''Denmark proposes copyright laws to protect against deepfakes''''' at lsj.com.au] reporting and analysis by Cat Woods 2025-07-16
* [https://www.indiatimes.com/news/your-face-your-rights-denmarks-tough-new-deepfake-law-could-change-how-ai-imitations-are-handled-across-europe/articleshow/122759842.html ''''''Your face, your rights': Denmark’s tough new Deepfake law could change how AI imitations are handled across Europe''''' at indiatimes.com] reporting putting the new move in bigger context, by Nancy Jaiswal 2025-07-10

----

= EU =
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|200px|The EU must address the malicious uses of AI in the law it is planning to regulate AI.]]
== Laws in the EU ==
=== Artificial Intelligence Act ===

The European Union has a law on AI called '''[[w:Artificial Intelligence Act]]'''. The European Commission proposed the AI Act in 2021. On Wednesday 2024-03-13 the MEPs adopted this law.<ref>

{{cite web
| url = https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law
| title = Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law
| last =
| first =
| date = 2024-03-13
| website = europarl.europa.eu
| publisher = [[w:European Parliament]]
| access-date = 2024-03-22
| quote = The regulation, agreed in negotiations with member states in December 2023, was endorsed by MEPs with 523 votes in favour, 46 against and 49 abstentions.
}}

</ref> The AI Act will have a key role in the effective implementation of upcoming EU [[#Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence|Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence]] and [[#Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse|Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]] that intend to protect us against synthetic pornography.

* European '''Artificial Intelligence Act''' has been approved by the member countries and is on track to be approved by April 2024.<ref>https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-artificial-intelligence-act-ai-technology-risk-rules/</ref> Read [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206 Proposal for a '''''REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL LAYING DOWN HARMONISED RULES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACT) AND AMENDING CERTAIN UNION LEGISLATIVE ACTS''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu]<ref group="1st seen in">https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/the-act/ via https://futureoflife.org/ newsletter</ref> (also contains translations)

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-europe-fit-for-the-digital-age/file-regulation-on-artificial-intelligence '''''Artificial intelligence act''''' in the Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu]

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law '''''Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a press announcement on the adoption of the Artificial Intelligence Act on Wednesday 2024-03-13.

'''Studies and information'''

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/stoa/en/document/EPRS_STU(2021)690039 '''''Tackling deepfakes in European policy''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a 2021 study by the Panel for the Future of Science and Technology and published by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]]. [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/690039/EPRS_STU(2021)690039_EN.pdf View .pdf at europarl.europa.eu]
* [https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/ '''''The EU Artificial Intelligence Act''''' at artificialintelligenceact.eu] is a website promising ''Up-to-date developments and analyses of the EU AI Act'' on the new EU law by the [https://futureoflife.org/ Future of Life Institute], an American non-profit NGO.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euractiv.com/section/artificial-intelligence/opinion/the-ai-act-vs-deepfakes-a-step-forward-but-is-it-enough/ '''''The AI Act vs. deepfakes: A step forward, but is it enough?''''' at euractiv.com], 2024-02-26 opinion piece by Cristina Vanberghen

=== Digital Services Act ===
[https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/digital-services-act-package '''The Digital Services Act''' package at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] [[w:Digital Services Act]] (DSA) came into force in November 2022.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

The Artificial Intelligence Act and Digital Services Act together will help in the enforcement of the upcoming protections to shield us from synthesis crimes.

=== Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence ===
The [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/1385/oj/eng '''''Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu] requires, among other things, that member states criminalize non-consensual [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|synthetic digital look-alike]] pornography in their criminal codes. The directive became active on 2024-05-14 and entered into force on 2024-06-13 and the directive must be implemented in the criminal codes of the member states within 3 years of when it came into force i.e. by Sunday 2027-06-13.

'''Official'''

* [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/1385/oj/eng '''Directive (EU) 2024/1385 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 May 2024 on combating violence against women and domestic violence''' at eur-lex.europa.eu] available in all languages of the EU

* [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/1385/oj/eng '''''Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' original EU Commission proposal at commission.europa.eu]

* [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52022PC0105 '''''Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu] has the directive text in all languages and various formats

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-new-push-for-european-democracy/file-legislative-proposal-on-gender-based-violence '''''Legislative proposal on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu]

* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_649 '''''Commission welcomes political agreement on new rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-02-06 press release by the [[w:European Commission]].

* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_1533 '''''International Women's Day 2022: Commission proposes EU-wide rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-03-08 press release by the EC.

'''Unofficial'''

* [https://hateaid.org/en/eu-protects-women-from-digital-violence/ '''''Deepfakes and dick pics: EU protects women from digital violence''''' at hateaid.org], a 2024-02-07 press release by HateAid.org

* [https://futureoflife.org/ai-policy/disrupting-the-deepfake-pipeline-in-europe/ '''''Disrupting the Deepfake Pipeline in Europe''''' at futureoflife.org], 2024-02-22 article on the approach of ''Leveraging corporate criminal liability under the Violence Against Women Directive to safeguard against pornographic deepfake exploitation'' by Alexandra Tsalidis

== Bills in the EU ==

=== Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse ===

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-promoting-our-european-way-of-life/file-combating-child-sexual-abuse-online '''''New legislation to fight child sexual abuse online''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''tabled''. (As of March 2024)
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/ '''''Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/timeline-prevention-of-online-child-sexual-abuse/ '''''Timeline - Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]

{{Q|The '''Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse''' ('''Child Sexual Abuse Regulation''', or '''CSAR''') is a [[w:European Union regulation]] proposed by the [[w:European Commissioner for Home Affairs]] [[w:Ylva Johansson]] on 11 May 2022. The stated aim of the legislation is to prevent child sexual abuse online through the implementation of a number of measures, including the establishment of a framework that would make the detection and reporting of child sexual abuse material ([[w:Child pornography|CSAM]]) by digital platforms a legal requirement within the European Union.|Wikipedia as of March 2024|[[w:Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]}}

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/02/06/new-eu-rules-will-criminalise-paedophilia-handbooks-and-deepfakes-of-child-abuse '''''New EU rules will criminalise 'paedophilia handbooks' and deepfakes of child abuse''''' at euronews.com], 2024-02-06 reporting

== Code of practice on Disinformation 2022 ==
The [https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation '''2022 Code of Practice on Disinformation''' at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] - ''Major online platforms, emerging and specialised platforms, players in the advertising industry, fact-checkers, research and civil society organisations delivered a strengthened Code of Practice on Disinformation following the Commission’s Guidance of May 2021''.<ref>https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation</ref>

= Finland =
[[File:Flag of Finland.svg|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|200px|Finland finally updated its laws in 2023 against synthetic filth attacks against adults.]]
[[File:Suomen lippu valokuva.png|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|255px|Finland strongly criminalized synthetic sexual pictures depicting children in 2011, upon the initiative of the [[w:Vanhanen II Cabinet]]]]
== Laws in Finland ==

[[File:Flag_of_Finland.svg|link=Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023|25px]] Suomeksi / in Finnish [[Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023]]

=== Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|what-is-it}}

=== Finland criminalized synthetic CSAM in 2011 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|history}}

----
= France =
[https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F32103 '''''Droit à l'image et respect de la vie privée''''' at service-public.fr] or in English [https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F32103?lang=en '''''Right to the image and respect for privacy''''' at service-public.fr] (automatic translation)

----

= Germany =
[[File:Flag of Germany.svg|thumb|right|200px|Existing German laws provide protection against appearance theft.]]
* [https://mj-cohen.com/2020/01/03/deepfakes-and-german-law/ '''''Deepfakes and German law''''' at mj-cohen.com], January 2020 summary by Maureen Cohen states that the existing German laws are well equipped rendering non-consensual digital look-alikes illegal.

----
= India =
[[File:Flag of India.svg|thumb|right|200px|India]]

'''Laws in India'''

Laws in India can be accessed through the [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/ '''India Code''' at indiacode.nic.in]

'''[[w:Information Technology Act, 2000]]'''
* Section 66. - '''Computer related offences.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=76&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66A. - Omitted. Would have been ''Punishment for sending offensive messages through communication service, etc.''
** Section 66B. - Punishment for dishonestly receiving stolen computer resource or communication device.
** Section 66C. - '''Punishment for identity theft.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=79&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66D. - '''Punishment for cheating by personation by using computer resource.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=80&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66E. - '''Punishment for violation of privacy.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=81#:~:text=Whoever%2C%20intentionally%20or%20knowingly%20captures,two%20lakh%20rupees%2C%20or%20with</ref>
** Section 66F. - Punishment for cyber terrorism.
* Section 67. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting obscene material in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=83&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67A. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material containing sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=84&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67B. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material depicting children in sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=85&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67C. - Preservation and retention of information by intermediaries.

'''[[w:Information Technology Rules, 2021]]'''

'''Past bills in India'''
* [[w:Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019]]
'''Legal compilations on the legal situation against synthetic filth in India'''
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|tclf 2023}}
* [https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916 '''''Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture''''' at livelaw.in]<ref name="Livelaw.in 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916
| title = Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture
| last = Rana
| first = Vikrant
| last2 = Gandhi
| first2 = Anuradha
| last3 = Thakur
| first3 = Rachita
| date = 2023-11-24
| website = livelaw.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-21
| quote =
}}
</ref> 2023-11-24 compilation on laws against synthetic fakes in India, by Vikrant Rana, Anuradha Gandhi and Rachita Thakur
* [https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/ '''''What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?''''' at cybercert.in]<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/
| title = What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website = cybercert.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-03-23
| quote = At present, India does not have any law specifically for deep fake cybercrime, but various other laws can be combined to deal with it.
}}
</ref>
* [https://cybercert.in/indian-cyber-laws/ '''''Cyberlaw in India''''' at cybercert.in] provides a wider look into the Indian Cyber Laws

----
= New Zealand =
[[File:Flag of New Zealand.svg|thumb|right|200px|New Zealand]]

* [https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2015/0063/latest/whole.html ''''Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015'''' at legislation.govt.nz]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing paper"/> criminalises intimate visual recordings and image-based sexual abuse.

* '''[[w:Netsafe]]''' [https://netsafe.org.nz/ netsafe.org.nz] is an online safety non-profit organisation in New Zealand. It provides educational, anti-bullying and support services. The organisation is contracted under the [[w:Harmful Digital Communications Act]] until 2026. (Wikipedia)

* [https://www.cert.govt.nz/ '''CERT.govt.nz'''], the [[w:Computer emergency response team]] of New Zealand - "''Responding to cyber security threats in New Zealand - CERT NZ is your first port of call when you need to report a cyber security problem.''"

* The '''[[w:Department of Internal Affairs]]''' investigates the possession of, and trading in, child exploitation material.<ref>https://www.police.govt.nz/advice-services/cybercrime-and-internet/online-child-safety</ref>

'''Links regarding the Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015'''
* [https://www.police.govt.nz/advice-services/cybercrime-and-internet/harmful-digital-communications-hdc ''''Harmful Digital Communications (HDC)'''' at police.govt.nz] by the [[w:New Zealand Police]]
* [https://www.justice.govt.nz/courts/civil/harmful-digital-communications/ ''''Harmful digital communications'''' at justice.govt.nz] by the [[w:Ministry of Justice (New Zealand)]]
* [https://netsafe.org.nz/what-is-the-hdca/ '''''What is the HDCA?''''' at netsafe.org.nz] by [[w:Netsafe]], the agency approved by the [[w:New Zealand Police]] to process complaints about harmful digital communications.
* See Wikipedia article on '''[[w:Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015]]''' for more info

----

= Singapore =
[[File:Flag of Singapore.svg|thumb|right|200px|Singapore]]
== Law in Singapore ==
=== Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019 ===

[[w:Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> is a [[w:statute]] of the [[w:Parliament of Singapore]] that enables authorities to tackle the spread of [[w:fake news]] or [[w:false information]]. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protection_from_Online_Falsehoods_and_Manipulation_Act_2019&oldid=1134029282 Wikipedia])

----

= South Africa =
[[File:Flag of the Republic of South Africa.svg|thumb|right|200px|[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 South Africa's relatively new Cybercrimes Act (Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020)] has been enacted only partially on Dec 1 2021]]

== Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020 ==
[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 '''South-Africa Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020''' (English / Afrikaans) at gov.za]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref> came only partially into effect on Wednesday 2021-12-01.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref>

* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-16-distribution-of-data-message-of-intimate-image/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 16 - Disclosure of data message of intimate image''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] Subsection 1 states <blockquote>''Any person (‘‘A’’) who unlawfully and intentionally discloses, by means of an electronic communications service, a data message of an intimate image of a person (‘‘B’’), without the consent of B, is guilty of an offence.''
</blockquote>

* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-17-attempting-conspiring-aiding-abetting-inducing-inciting-instigating-instructing-commanding-or-procuring-to-commit-offence/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 17 - Attempting, conspiring, aiding, abetting, inducing, inciting, instigating, instructing, commanding or procuring to commit offence''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] states
<blockquote>
Any person who unlawfully and intentionally
# attempts;
# conspires with any other person; or
# aids, abets, induces, incites, instigates, instructs, commands or procures another person, to commit an offence in terms of Part I or Part II of this Chapter, is guilty of an offence and is liable on conviction to the punishment to which a person convicted of actually committing that offence would be liable.
</blockquote>

'''Links'''
* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/ '''Cybercrimes Act''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] by Accessible Law contains the law in website format

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/ '''''Not all of the cogs in the Cybercrimes Act machine are turning at once — we still remain vulnerable''''' at dailymaverick.co.za]

----
= South Korea =
[[File:Flag of South Korea.svg|thumb|right|200px|South Korea has invested heavily in AI research and has also legislation to counter the menaces of synthetic human-like fakes.]]
== Law in South Korea ==
=== ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES ===
[https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawView.do?hseq=40947&lang=ENG '''ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES''' at elaw.klri.re.kr] is a law in South Korea.<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

----

= UK =
* {{#lst:Glossary|UK-Parliament-glossary}}
* {{#lst:Glossary|Law-Society-glossary}}

== Law against synthesis crimes in the UK ==
[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|thumb|right|200px|The UK has improved its legislation.]]

=== Anti-CSAM measures 2025 ===
On Saturday 2025-02-01 Home Secretary Yvette Cooper announced that the UK will be the 1st country in the world to<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-leading-the-way-protecting-children-from-online-predators</ref>
* "''make it illegal to possess, create or distribute AI tools designed to generate child sexual abuse material (CSAM), punishable by up to 5 years in prison''"
* "''make it illegal for anyone to possess AI ‘paedophile manuals’ which teach people how to use AI to sexually abuse children, punishable by up to 3 years in prison''"

Also a law to
* "''introduce a specific offence for predators who run websites designed for other paedophiles to share vile child sexual abuse content or advice on how to groom children, punishable by up to 10 years in prison''"

Additional powers will be given to the Border Force
* "''give Border Force the necessary powers to keep the UK safe and prevent the distribution of CSAM which is often filmed abroad by allowing officers to compel an individual who they reasonably suspect poses a sexual risk to children to unlock their digital devices for inspection, punishable by up to 3 years in prison, depending on the severity''"

Official
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-leading-the-way-protecting-children-from-online-predators '''''Britain's leading the way protecting children from online predators ''''' at gov.uk] - ''UK becomes the first country in the world to create new AI sexual abuse offences to protect children from predators generating AI images. ''

Reporting
* [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8d90qe4nylo '''''AI-generated child sex abuse images targeted with new laws''''' at bbc.com]
* [https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/02/uk/britain-criminalizes-ai-child-sex-abuse-intl-hnk/index.html '''''UK to target AI child sex abuse tools in world first legal crackdown''''' at edition.cnn.com]
* [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/2/uk-to-become-first-country-to-criminalise-ai-child-abuse-tools '''''UK to become first country to criminalise AI child abuse tools''''' at aljazeera.com]
* [https://www.voanews.com/a/uk-to-become-1st-country-to-criminalize-ai-child-abuse-tools/7959851.html '''''UK to become 1st country to criminalize AI child abuse tools''''' at voanews.com]

=== Creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in the UK 2024 ===
On Tuesday 2024-04-16 the UK announced that '''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK'''.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com]</ref> This is a very good move and next logical step would be the prohibition of non-consensually possessing other people's appearance models and voice models, as suggested in [[#Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola|Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola]]. There is really no logical reason to allow criminal leagues to legally possess and trade their libraries of models without this acquisition through covert modeling or trading and possession of raw materials (covert models) to produce the disinformation weapons being illegal.

Reporting
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''Creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com]

=== Online Safety Act 2023 ===
[[w:Online Safety Act 2023]] [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2023/50/enacted '''Online Safety Act 2023''' at legislation.gov.uk] received Royal Assent on 2023-10-26<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular</ref> and it reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.

* '''Part 4''' - '''CSEA reporting''' of the Act on CSEA reporting has not yet come into effect as of February 2024.
** Section 66 requires providers of services regulated under the Act to have systems and processes in place (so far as possible) to ensure that they report all detected and unreported CSEA content present on the service to the NCA (National Crime Agency)
** '''Offence in relation to CSEA reporting''' in Section 69
* '''Part 7''' – '''Enforcement offences'''
* '''Part 10''' - '''Communication offences''' establishes
** '''False communications offence''' in Section 179
** '''Threatening communications offence''' in Section 181
** '''Offences of sending or showing flashing images electronically''' in Section 183
** '''Offence of encouraging or assisting serious self-harm''' in Section 184
** '''Sending etc photograph or film of genitals''' in Section 187
** '''Sharing or threatening to share intimate photograph or film''' in Section 188

The Online Safety Act 2023 came to be from a House of Lords bill UK's [https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3137 '''HL Bill 151''' - '''''Online Safety Bill''''' at bills.parliament.uk] The bill originated from the House of Commons sessions 2021-22 2022-23.

* [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular '''''Online Safety Act: new criminal offences circular''''' at gov.uk] published 2024-01-31 - It is a ''circular is issued to inform the police and other relevant public authorities of certain provisions of the Online Safety Act in particular new criminal offences.''
* [https://www.ofcom.org.uk/news-centre/2023/safer-life-online-for-people-in-uk ''Creating a safer life online for people in the UK'' at ofcom.org.uk]

* [https://www.gov.uk/guidance/a-guide-to-the-online-safety-bill ''A guide to the Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/online-safety-bill ''Documents, publications and announcements relating to the government's Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]

'''Reporting and summaries of the Online Safety Act'''
* [https://www.infolaw.co.uk/newsletter/2023/11/the-online-safety-act-2023-a-primer/ '''''The Online Safety Act 2023: a primer''''' at infolaw.co.uk], a 2023 primer on the Online Safety Act by Alex Heshmaty on 2023-11-29
* [https://www.epra.org/news_items/uk-the-online-safety-act-is-now-law-ofcom-s-powers-as-online-safety-regulator-have-officially-commenced '''''UK: The Online Safety Act is now law; Ofcom’s powers as online safety regulator have officially commenced''''' at epra.org] states that there will three successive implementation phases.

=== The Domestic Abuse Act 2021 Chapter 17, part 6 - Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films ===
'''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/contents/enacted Chapter 17] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/enacted Part 6 - ''Offences involving abusive or violent behaviour''] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted ''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films'' - ''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress'']

According to the UK-based [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/ '''Revenge Porn Helpline''' at revengepornhelpline.org.uk] article [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/ '''''What to do if someone is threatening to share your intimate images'''''] threats to share intimate images with the intent to cause distress is now an offense in UK law. This is included within the '''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' which was enacted into UK law on 29th June 2021.<ref>https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/</ref>

We don't know quite yet if the bug has been fixed, that if the pictures <u>are not pictures of you</u>, but [[synthetic human-like fakes]] the police cannot do anything.

'''Links'''
* [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted '''Domestic Abuse Act 2021''' / '''Chapter 17''' / '''Part 6''' / '''''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films''''' - '''''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress''''' at legislation.gov.uk]

=== Historical about the UK law against synthesis crimes ===

The UK law was not very up-to-date on the issue of synthetic filth until recent improvements.

The independent [[w:Law Commission (England and Wales)]] reviewed the law where it applies to taking, making and sharing intimate images without consent. The outcome of the consultation was due to be published later in 2021.<ref name="BBC2021">

{{cite web
|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-55546372
|title = 'Deepfake porn images still give me nightmares'
|last = Royle
|first = Sara
|date = 2021-01-05
|website = [[w:BBC Online]]
|publisher = [[w:BBC]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = She alerted the police to the images but was told that no action could be taken. Dr Aislinn O'Connell, a lecturer in law at Royal Holloway University of London, explained that Helen's case fell outside the current law.}}

</ref>

"In 2019, law expert Dr Aislinn O’Connell told [[w:The Independent]] that our current laws on image sharing are piecemeal and not fit for purpose. In October 2018 The [[w:Women and Equalities Committee]] called on the UK Government to introduce new legislation on image-based sexual abuse in order to '''criminalise ALL''' non-consensual creation and distribution of intimate sexual images."<ref name="MortPetition2020">

{{cite web
|url = https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images
|title = Change.org petition: 'Tighten regulation on taking, making and faking explicit images'
|last = Mort
|first = Helen
|date = 2020
|website = [[w:Change.org]]
|publisher = [[w:Change.org]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = Unlike other forms of revenge porn, creating pictures or videos like this is not yet illegal in the UK, though it is in some places in the US. The police were unable to help me.}}

</ref> This call is for similar laws as California put in place on January 1 2020.

----

= USA =

[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|thumb|right|200px|Various US states have enacted state laws aimed against synthetic human-like fakes and since May 2025 through the [[w:TAKE IT DOWN Act]] USA has federal legislation against this menace. Many other [[#Past bills in the USA|federal bills have been introduced in the USA]].]]

* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker}}
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024}}
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA}}

{{#lst:Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|cybercivilrights.org law compilations}}

See also:
* [[#Current bills in the USA|Current bills in the USA]] and [[#Past bills in the USA|past bills in the USA]]
* [https://www.congress.gov/legislative-process/introduction-and-referral-of-bills '''The Legislative Process: Introduction and Referral of Bills (Video)''' at congress.gov]
* {{#lst:Glossary|US-Congress-glossary}}

== Federal laws in the USA against synthesis crimes ==
=== US Senate Act S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
The [https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/146 '''''S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act''''' at congress.gov], a bipartisan act against non-consensual intimate image-based abuse, or in other words, against naked synthetic digital look-alikes and real image-based abuse. The long name for citing this act is '''''T'''ools to '''A'''ddress '''K'''nown '''E'''xploitation by '''I'''mmobilizing '''T'''echnological '''D'''eepfakes '''o'''n '''W'''ebsites and '''N'''etworks Act'''''.

It became federal law on Monday 2025-05-19. It was passed by the House of Representatives on Monday 2025-04-28. There is a one year delay on some of the requirements of the TAKE IT DOWN Act.

* In Wikipedia [[w:TAKE IT DOWN Act]]

* [https://rainn.org/policy/take-it-down-act '''''Take It Down Act''''' summary at rainn.org] - ''Criminalizing tech-enabled sexual abuse'' - ''Join us in celebrating this landmark victory for survivors of image-based sexual abuse!''
* [https://rainn.org/news/rainn-backed-%E2%80%9Ctake-it-down-act%E2%80%9D-passes-congress '''''RAINN-Backed “Take It Down Act” Passes Congress!''''' at rainn.org] - ''HISTORIC WIN FOR VICTIMS OF TECH-ENABLED SEXUAL ABUSE: RAINN-Backed “Take It Down Act” Passes Congress!''
* [https://apnews.com/article/take-it-down-deepfake-trump-melania-first-amendment-741a6e525e81e5e3d8843aac20de8615 '''''Take It Down Act, addressing nonconsensual deepfakes and ‘revenge porn,’ passes. What is it?''''' at apnews.com], 2025-04-28 reporting by Barbara Ortutay

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.npr.org/2025/04/28/nx-s1-5380236/take-it-down-act-melania-trump '''''Congress approves a revenge porn bill backed by first lady Melania Trump''''' at npr.org], 2025-04-28 reporting by Ayana Archie
* [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/house-take-it-down-act-vote-deepfake-pornography-victims/ '''''House passes "Take it Down Act," sending revenge porn bill backed by Melania Trump to president's desk''''' at cbsnews.com], 2025-04-28 reporting by Caitlin Yilek

== Law against synthesis crimes in Virginia 2019 ==
=== Code of Virginia § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty ===
[[File:Flag of Virginia.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Virginia]], an avant-garde state. Motto "[[w:Sic semper tyrannis]]"]]

<section begin=Virginia2019 />[[File:Marcus Simon.jpeg|thumb|right|108px|Homie [[w:Marcus Simon|w:Marcus Simon]] ([http://marcussimon.com/ marcussimon.com]) is a Member of the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] and a true pioneer in legislating against synthetic filth.]] Since July 1 2019<ref>

{{Cite web
| url=https://www.fauquier.com/news/new-state-laws-go-into-effect-july/article_6e2e16c8-96b7-11e9-88d0-83a8852ef3eb.html
| title=New state laws go into effect July 1
}}

</ref> [[w:Virginia]] [[w:criminalization|w:has criminalized]] the sale and dissemination of unauthorized synthetic pornography, but not the manufacture.<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515">
{{cite web
| url = https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/
| title = § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website =
| publisher = [[w:Virginia]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref>, as section [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ § 18.2-386.2 titled ''''''Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''''''] became part of the '''[[w:Code of Virginia]]'''.

[https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/ '''Code of Virginia''' (TOC)] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/ '''Title 18.2.''' Crimes and Offenses Generally] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/ '''Chapter 8.''' Crimes Involving Morals and Decency] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title18.2/chapter8/article5/ '''Article 5.''' Obscenity and Related Offenses] » '''Section''' [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ § '''18.2-386.2.''' Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty]

The [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ section '''§ 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''' of Virginia] is as follows:
<blockquote>
'''A'''. ''Any [[w:person]] who, with the [[w:Intention (criminal law)|w:intent]] to [[w:coercion|w:coerce]], [[w:harassment|w:harass]], or [[w:intimidation|w:intimidate]], [[w:Malice_(law)|w:malicious]]ly [[w:dissemination|w:disseminates]] or [[w:sales|w:sells]] any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever that [[w:Depiction|w:depicts]] another person who is totally [[w:nudity|w:nude]], or in a state of undress so as to expose the [[w:sex organs|w:genitals]], pubic area, [[w:buttocks]], or female [[w:breast]], where such person knows or has reason to know that he is not [[w:license]]d or [[w:authorization|w:authorized]] to disseminate or sell such [[w:Video|w:videographic]] or [[w:Film still|w:still image]] is [[w:Guilt (law)|w:guilty]] of a Class 1 [[w:Misdemeanor#United States|w:misdemeanor]]. ''
::For purposes of this subsection, "another person" includes a person whose image was used in creating, adapting, or modifying a videographic or still image with the intent to depict an actual person and who is recognizable as an actual person by the person's [[w:face]], [[w:Simulacrum|w:likeness]], or other distinguishing characteristic.''

'''B'''. ''If a person uses [[w:Service (economics)|w:services]] of an [[w:Internet service provider]], an electronic mail service provider, or any other information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server in committing acts prohibited under this section, such provider shall not be held responsible for violating this section for content provided by another person.''

'''C.''' ''Venue for a prosecution under this section may lie in the [[w:jurisdiction]] where the unlawful act occurs or where any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever is produced, reproduced, found, stored, received, or possessed in violation of this section.''

'''D.''' ''The provisions of this section shall not preclude prosecution under any other [[w:statute]].''<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515"/>

The identical bills were [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+HB2678 House Bill 2678] presented by [[w:Delegate (American politics)|w:Delegate]] [[w:Marcus Simon]] to the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] on January 14 2019 and three day later an identical [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+SB1736 Senate bill 1736] was introduced to the [[w:Senate of Virginia]] by Senator [[w:Adam Ebbin]].
</blockquote>
<section end=Virginia2019 />

== Law against synthesis crimes in Texas 2019 ==
=== Texas SB 751 - Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election ===
[[File:Flag of Texas.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Texas]], the Lone Star State has protected the political candidates, but not ordinary folk against synthetic filth.]]

<section begin=Texas2019 />On September 1 2019 [[w:Texas Senate]] bill [https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/86R/billtext/html/SB00751F.htm '''SB 751''' - '''''Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election'''''] [[w:amendment]]s to the election code came into effect in the [[w:Law of Texas]], giving [[w:candidates]] in [[w:elections]] a '''30-day protection period''' to the elections during which making and distributing digital look-alikes or synthetic fakes of the candidates is an offense. The law text defines the subject of the law as "''a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality''"<ref name="TexasSB751">

{{cite web
|url= https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751
|title= Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election
|last=
|first=
|date= 2019-06-14
|website=
|publisher= [[w:Texas]]
|access-date= 2021-01-23
|quote= In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality}}

</ref> SB 751 was introduced to the Senate by [[w:Bryan Hughes (politician)]].<ref name="Texas SB 751 history">https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751</ref>

<section end=Texas2019 />

The text of '''S.B. No. 751''' is as follows
<blockquote>
'''''AN ACT relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election.'''''

''BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:''

SECTION 1. ''[https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/EL/htm/EL.255.htm Section 255.004, Election Code], is [[w:Amend (motion)|w:amended]] by adding Subsections (d) and (e) to read as follows:''
* ('''d''') ''A person commits an offense if the person, with intent to injure a candidate or influence the result of an election:''
*# '''''creates''' a [[w:deepfake|deep fake]] video; and''
*# ''causes the deep fake video to be '''published''' or '''distributed''' within '''30 days''' of an '''election'''.''
* ('''e''') ''In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the '''intent to deceive''', that '''appears to depict''' a real person performing an action that '''did not occur''' in '''reality'''.''
SECTION 2. ''This Act takes effect September 1, 2019.''
</blockquote>
----

* [[w:Texas Legislature]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in California 2020 ==
=== California AB-602 - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action ===
[[File:Flag of California.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:California]] moved later than Virginia, but it outlawed also the manufacture of synthetic filth on Jan 1 2020.]]

<section begin=California2020 />[[File:Marc Berman.jpg|thumb|120px|right|Homie [[w:Marc Berman|w:Marc Berman]], a righteous fighter for our human rights in this age of industrial disinformation filth and an Assemblymember of the [[w:California State Assembly]], most loved for authoring [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 '''AB-602''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''], which came into effect on Jan 1 2020, banning both the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted.]] January 1 2020 <ref name="KFI2019">

{{cite web
|url= https://kfiam640.iheart.com/content/2019-12-30-here-are-the-new-california-laws-going-into-effect-in-2020/
|title= Here Are the New California Laws Going Into Effect in 2020
|last= Johnson
|first= R.J.
|date= 2019-12-30
|website= [[KFI]]
|publisher= [[iHeartMedia]]
|access-date= 2021-01-23
|quote=}}

</ref> the [[w:California]] [[w:State law (United States)|w:US state law]] '''[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 "AB-602 ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''."]''' came into effect in the [[w:California Civil Code|civil code]] of the [[w:California Codes]] banning the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted. AB-602 provides victims of synthetic pornography with [[w:injunction|w:injunctive relief]] and poses legal threats of [[w:statutory damages|w:statutory]] and [[w:punitive damages]] on [[w:criminal]]s making or distributing synthetic pornography without consent. The bill AB-602 was signed into law by California [[w:Governor (United States)|w:Governor]] [[w:Gavin Newsom]] on October 3 2019 and was authored by [[w:California State Assembly]]member [[w:Marc Berman]] and an identical Senate bill was coauthored by [[w:California State Senate|w:California Senator]] [[w:Connie Leyva]].<ref name="OpenStates AB 602">

{{cite web
|url=https://openstates.org/ca/bills/20192020/AB602/
|title=AB 602 - California Assembly Bill 2019-2020 Regular Session - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action.
|last=
|first=
|date=
|website=openstates.org
|publisher=openstates.org
|access-date=2021-03-24
|quote=}}

</ref><ref name="CNET2019">

{{cite web
| last = Mihalcik
| first = Carrie
| title = California laws seek to crack down on deepfakes in politics and porn
| website = [[w:cnet.com]]
| publisher = [[w:CNET]]
| date = 2019-10-04
| url = https://www.cnet.com/news/california-laws-seek-to-crack-down-on-deepfakes-in-politics-and-porn/
| access-date = 2021-01-23
}}

</ref> [https://trackbill.com/bill/california-assembly-bill-602-depiction-of-individual-using-digital-or-electronic-technology-sexually-explicit-material-cause-of-action/1690501/ AB602 at trackbill.com]
<section end=California2020 />

[[File:Connie Leyva 2015.jpg|thumb|right|240px|[[w:California]] [[w:California State Senate|w:Senator]] [[w:Connie Leyva]] sponsored [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB564&showamends=false '''California Senate Bill SB 564''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''] in Feb '''2019''' and the Senate Bill was [https://www.sagaftra.org/action-alert-support-california-bill-end-deepfake-porn endorsed by SAG-AFTRA], but the Assembly Bill AB-602 authored by [[w:California State Assembly]]member [[w:Marc Berman]] was the one that became law on 1 January 2020 in the [[w:California Civil Code|w:California Civil Code]] of the [[w:California Codes]].]]

'''Introduction''' by [https://a24.asmdc.org/ Assemblymember Marc Berman]:

'''AB 602''', Berman. '''''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action'''''.

Existing law creates a private [[w:Cause of action|w:right of action]] against a person who intentionally distributes a photograph or recorded image of another that exposes the intimate body parts of that person or of a person engaged in a sexual act '''without the person’s consent''' if specified conditions are met.

This bill would provide that a '''depicted individual''', as defined, has a '''[[w:cause of action]] against''' a person who '''either'''
* (1) '''creates''' and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material if the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted''' individual '''did not [[w:consent]]''' to its creation or disclosure or
* (2) who '''intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create if the person knows the '''depicted''' individual '''did not consent''' to its creation.

The bill would specify exceptions to those provisions, including if the material is a matter of legitimate public concern or a work of political or newsworthy value.

The bill would authorize a prevailing [[w:plaintiff]] who suffers harm to seek [[w:Injunction|w:injunctive]] relief and recover reasonable [[w:attorney’s fee]]s and costs as well as specified monetary [[w:damages]], including [[w:Statutory damages|statutory]] and [[w:punitive damages]].

'''The law is as follows''':
<blockquote>
SECTION 1. Section 1708.86 is added to the [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codesTOCSelected.xhtml?tocCode=CIV&tocTitle=+Civil+Code+-+CIV Civil Code of California], to read:

'''1708.86.''' ('''a''') '''For purposes of this section''':
* (1) “''Altered depiction''” means a performance that was actually performed by the depicted individual but was subsequently altered to be in violation of this section.
* (2) “''Authorized Representative''” means an attorney, talent agent, or personal manager authorized to represent a depicted individual if the depicted individual is represented.
* (3) (A) “''Consent''” means an agreement written in plain language signed knowingly and voluntarily by the depicted individual that includes a general description of the sexually explicit material and the audiovisual work in which it will be incorporated.
* (3) (B) A depicted individual may rescind consent by delivering written notice within three business days from the date consent was given to the person in whose favor consent was made, unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:
:**(i) The depicted individual is given at least 72 hours to review the terms of the agreement before signing it.
:**(ii) The depicted individual’s authorized representative provides written approval of the signed agreement.
* (4) “''Depicted individual''” means an individual who appears, as a result of digitization, to be giving a performance they did not actually perform or to be performing in an altered depiction.
* (5) “''Despicable conduct''” means conduct that is so vile, base, or contemptible that it would be looked down on and despised by a reasonable person.
* (6) “''Digitization''” means to realistically depict any of the following:
** (A) The nude body parts of another human being as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
** (B) Computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
** (C) The depicted individual engaging in sexual conduct in which the depicted individual did not engage.
* (7) “''Disclose''” means to publish, make available, or distribute to the public.
* (8) “''Individual''” means a natural person.
* (9) “''Malice''” means that the defendant acted with intent to cause harm to the plaintiff or despicable conduct that was done with a willful and knowing disregard of the rights of the plaintiff. A person acts with knowing disregard within the meaning of this paragraph when they are aware of the probable harmful consequences of their conduct and deliberately fail to avoid those consequences.
* (10) “''Nude''” means visible genitals, pubic area, anus, or a female’s postpubescent nipple or areola.
* (11) “''Person''” means a human being or legal entity.
* (12) “''Plaintiff''” includes cross-plaintiff.
* (13) “''Sexual conduct''” means any of the following:
** (A) Masturbation.
** (B) Sexual intercourse, including genital, oral, or anal, whether between persons regardless of sex or gender or between humans and animals.
** (C) Sexual penetration of the vagina or rectum by, or with, an object.
** (D) The transfer of semen by means of sexual conduct from the penis directly onto the depicted individual as a result of ejaculation.
** (E) Sadomasochistic abuse involving the depicted individual.
(14) “''Sexually explicit material''” means any portion of an audiovisual work that shows the depicted individual performing in the nude or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct.

('''b''') '''A depicted individual has a cause of action against''' a person who does '''either of the following''':
* (1) '''Creates and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material''' and the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted individual''' in that material '''did not consent''' to its creation or disclosure.
* (2) '''Intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create and the person knows the depicted individual in that material '''did not consent''' to the creation of the sexually explicit material.

('''c''') (1) A person is '''not liable''' under this section in either of the following circumstances:
* (A) The person discloses the sexually explicit material in the course of any of the following:
:** (i) Reporting unlawful activity.
:** (ii) Exercising the person’s law enforcement duties.
:**(iii) Hearings, trials, or other legal proceedings.
* (B) The material is any of the following:
:** (i) A matter of legitimate public concern.
:** (ii) A work of political or newsworthy value or similar work.
:** (iii) Commentary, criticism, or disclosure that is otherwise protected by the California Constitution or the United States Constitution.
* (2) For purposes of this subdivision, sexually explicit material is not of newsworthy value solely because the depicted individual is a public figure.

('''d''') It shall not be a defense to an action under this section that there is a disclaimer included in the sexually explicit material that communicates that the inclusion of the depicted individual in the sexually explicit material was unauthorized or that the depicted individual did not participate in the creation or development of the material.

('''e''') (1) A prevailing plaintiff who suffers harm as a result of the violation of subdivision (b) may recover any of the following:
* (A) An amount equal to the monetary gain made by the defendant from the creation, development, or disclosure of the sexually explicit material.
* (B) One of the following:
:** (i) Economic and noneconomic damages proximately caused by the disclosure of the sexually explicit material, including damages for emotional distress.
:** (ii) Upon request of the plaintiff at any time before the final judgment is rendered, the plaintiff may instead recover an award of statutory damages for all unauthorized acts involved in the action, with respect to any one work, as follows:
:** (I) A sum of not less than one thousand five hundred dollars ($1,500) but not more than thirty thousand dollars ($30,000).
:** (II) If the unlawful act was committed with malice, the award of statutory damages may be increased to a maximum of one hundred fifty thousand dollars ($150,000).
* (C) Punitive damages.
* (D) Reasonable attorney’s fees and costs.
* (E) Any other available relief, including injunctive relief.
(2) The remedies provided by this section are cumulative and shall not be construed as restricting a remedy that is available under any other law.

('''f''') An action under this section shall be commenced no later than three years from the date the unauthorized creation, development, or disclosure was discovered or should have been discovered with the exercise of reasonable diligence.

('''g''') The provisions of this section are severable. If any provision of this section or its application is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions.
</blockquote>
<ref name="CaliforniaStateLaw AB 602">
{{Citation
| title = "AB-602 Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action."
| first = Marc
| last = Berman
| author-link = w:Marc Berman
| first2 = Connie
| last2 = Leyva
| author2-link = w:Connie Leyva
| series =
| year = 2019
| publisher = [[w:California]]
| url = https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602
}}

</ref>

----

* [[w:California State Legislature]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in Georgia in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of Georgia (U.S. state) II.png|thumb|right|200px|Georgia's motto is ''"Wisdom, Justice, Moderation"'' and one could say it is well manifested in how their law against synthetic filth [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html '''GA CODE § 16-11-90'''] is thought out and written.]]
=== Georgia Code § 16-11-90 ===

'''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/ Georgia Code]''' / '''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ Title 16. Crimes and Offenses]''' [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html Chapter 11 "Offenses Against Public Order and Safety", Article 3 "Invasions of Privacy", Part 3 "Invasion of privacy" '''GA CODE § 16-11-90''']
<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list">https://cybercivilrights.org/deep-fake-laws/</ref>

'''The law is''' as of April 14, 2021<ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com" /> as follows:
<blockquote>
('''a''') As used in this Code section, the term:

* ('''1''') “''Harassment''” means engaging in conduct directed at a depicted person that is intended to cause substantial emotional harm to the depicted person.

* ('''2''') “''Nudity''” means:

::* (A) The showing of the human male or female genitals, pubic area, or buttocks without any covering or with less than a full opaque covering;

::* (B) The showing of the female breasts without any covering or with less than a full opaque covering; or

::* (C) The depiction of covered male genitals in a discernibly turgid state.

* ('''3''') “''Sexually explicit conduct” shall have the same meaning as set forth in Code Section 16-12-100 .

('''b''') '''A person violates this Code section if he or she, knowing the content of a transmission or post, knowingly and without the consent of the depicted person''':

* ('''1''') '''Electronically transmits or posts''', in one or more transmissions or posts, a photograph or video which depicts nudity or sexually explicit conduct of an adult, '''including a falsely created videographic or still image''', when the transmission or post is harassment or causes financial loss to the depicted person and serves no legitimate purpose to the depicted person; or

* ('''2''') '''Causes the electronic transmission or posting''', in one or more transmissions or posts, of a photograph or video which depicts nudity or sexually explicit conduct of an adult, '''including a falsely created videographic or still image''', when the transmission or post is harassment or causes financial loss to the depicted person and serves no legitimate purpose to the depicted person.

:Nothing in this Code section shall be construed to impose liability on an interactive computer service, as such term is defined in 47 U.S.C. 230(f)(2) , or an information service or telecommunications service, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. 153 , for content provided by another person.

('''c''') Any person who violates this Code section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of a high and aggravated nature; provided, however, that upon a second or subsequent violation of this Code section, he or she shall be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by imprisonment of not less than one nor more than five years, a fine of not more than $100,000.00, or both.

('''d''') A person shall be '''subject to prosecution in this state''' pursuant to Code Section 17-2-1 for any conduct made unlawful by this Code section which the person engages in while:

* ('''1''') '''Either within''' or '''outside of this state''' if, by such conduct, the person commits a violation of this Code section which involves an '''individual who resides in this state'''; or

* ('''2''') '''Within this state''' if, by such conduct, the person commits a violation of this Code section which involves an '''individual who resides within or outside this state'''.

('''e''') The provisions of subsection (b) of this Code section shall not apply to:

* ('''1''') The activities of law enforcement and prosecution agencies in the investigation and prosecution of criminal offenses;

* ('''2''') Legitimate medical, scientific, or educational activities;

* ('''3''') Any person who transmits or posts a photograph or video depicting only himself or herself engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct;

* ('''4''') The transmission or posting of a photograph or video that was originally made for commercial purposes;

* ('''5''') Any person who transmits or posts a photograph or video depicting a person voluntarily engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct in a public setting; or

* ('''6''') A transmission that is made pursuant to or in anticipation of a civil action.

('''f''') There shall be a rebuttable presumption that an information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server, including specifically a service or system that provides access to the Internet, for content provided by another person, does not know the content of an electronic transmission or post.

('''g''') Any violation of this Code section shall constitute a separate offense and shall not merge with any other crimes set forth in this title.</blockquote><ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com">

{{cite web
|url=https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html
|title=Georgia Code Title 16. Crimes and Offenses § 16-11-90
|last=
|first=
|date=2021-04-14
|website=[[w:FindLaw]]
|publisher=[[w:Georgia (U.S. state)]]
|access-date=2022-01-04
|quote=}}

</ref>

== Law against synthesis crimes in New York State in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of New York.svg|thumb|right|200px|New York State]]
=== New York State - CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy SECTION 52-C - Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual ===
[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/-CH6 '''CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights'''] [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/A5 '''ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual '''SECTION 52-C''' - '''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual''']<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list" />

'''The law is as follows:'''
<blockquote>
<big>'''§ 52-c''' - '''''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual.''''' </big><sup>Obs: There are 2 § 52-c's</sup>

'''1. For the purposes of this section:'''

* '''a.''' "'''''depicted individual'''''" means an individual who '''appears''', as a result of digitization, '''to be giving a performance they did not actually perform''' or '''to be performing in a performance that was actually performed by the depicted individual but was subsequently altered to be in violation of this section'''.

* '''b.''' "'''''digitization'''''" means to '''realistically depict the nude body parts of another human being as the nude body parts of the depicted individual''', '''computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the depicted individual''' or the '''depicted individual engaging in sexual conduct''', as defined in subdivision ten of section 130.00 of the penal law, '''in which the depicted individual did not engage'''.

* '''c.''' "''individual''" means a natural person.

* '''d.''' "''person''" means a human being or legal entity.

* '''e.''' "''sexually explicit material''" means any portion of an audio visual work that shows the depicted individual performing in the nude, meaning with an unclothed or exposed intimate part, as defined in section 245.15 of the penal law, or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct, as defined in subdivision ten of section 130.00 of the penal law.

'''2. a.''' A depicted individual shall have a '''cause of action''' against a person who, '''discloses''', '''disseminates''' or '''publishes''' sexually explicit material related to the depicted individual, and the person knows or reasonably should have known the depicted individual in that material '''did not consent''' to its '''creation''', disclosure, dissemination, or publication.

* '''b.''' It shall '''not be a defense''' to an action under this section that '''there is a disclaimer''' in the sexually explicit material that communicates that the inclusion of the depicted individual in the sexually explicit material was unauthorized or that the depicted individual did not participate in the creation or development of the material.

'''3. a.''' A depicted individual may only consent to the creation, disclosure, dissemination, or publication of sexually explicit material by knowingly and voluntarily signing an agreement written in plain language that includes a general description of the sexually explicit material and the audiovisual work in which it will be incorporated.

* '''b.''' A depicted individual may rescind consent by delivering written notice within three business days from the date consent was given to the person in whose favor consent was made, unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:

:* i. the depicted individual is given at least three business days to review the terms of the agreement before signing it; or

:* ii. if the depicted individual is represented, the attorney, talent agent, or personal manager authorized to represent the depicted individual provides additional written approval of the signed agreement.

'''4. a.''' A person is not liable under this section if:

:* i. the person discloses, disseminates or publishes the sexually explicit material in the course of reporting unlawful activity, exercising the person's law enforcement duties, or hearings, trials or other legal proceedings; or

:* ii. the sexually explicit material is a matter of legitimate public concern, a work of political or newsworthy value or similar work, or commentary, criticism or disclosure that is otherwise protected by the constitution of this state or the United States; provided that sexually explicit material shall not be considered of newsworthy value solely because the depicted individual is a public figure.

'''5.''' In any action commenced pursuant to this section, the finder of fact, in its discretion, '''may award injunctive relief''', '''punitive damages''', '''compensatory damages''', and '''reasonable court costs''' and '''attorney's fees'''.

'''6.''' A cause of action or special proceeding under this section shall be commenced the later of either:

* '''a.''' three years after the dissemination or publication of sexually explicit material; or

* '''b.''' one year from the date a person discovers, or reasonably should have discovered, the dissemination or publication of such sexually explicit material.

'''7.''' Nothing in this section shall be read to require a prior criminal complaint, prosecution or conviction to establish the elements of the cause of action provided for in this section.

'''8.''' The provisions of this section including the remedies are in addition to, and shall not supersede, any other rights or remedies available in law or equity.

'''9.''' If any provision of this section or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of this section which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this section are severable.

'''10.''' Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit, or to enlarge, the protections that 47 U.S.C. § 230 confers on an interactive
computer service for content provided by another information content provider, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. § 230.</blockquote><ref name="New York State Civil Rights CHAPTER 6, ARTICLE 5, SECTION 52-C">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual
|title= SECTION 52-C Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual
|last=
|first=
|date=2021-11-12
|website=nysenate.gov
|publisher=[[w:New York State Legislature]]
|access-date=2021-01-04
|quote=}}

</ref>

== Law against synthesis crimes in Florida 2025 ==
[https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2025/1161/?Tab=BillHistory '''''CS/CS/HB 1161: Removal of Altered Sexual Depictions Posted without Consent''''' at flsenate.gov] is set to become law in 2025

'''Reporting'''
* [https://floridapolitics.com/archives/733939-brookes-law-giving-deepfake-victims-recourse-against-platforms-will-head-to-governors-desk/ '''''‘Brooke’s Law,’ giving deepfake victims recourse against platforms, heads to Governor’s desk''''' at floridapolitics.com], April 2025 reporting by A.G. Gancarski

== Current bills in the USA ==

== 119th Congress ==
=== Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2025 (DEFIANCE Act of 2025) (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1837 '''''Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2025 (DEFIANCE Act of 2025)''''' at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of the US Senate bill S. 3696 - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images and Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024 (DEFIANCE Act of 2024) (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3696/text '''''S.3696 - DEFIANCE Act of 2024''''' at congress.gov], a bipartisan Senate bill against synthetic filth.

* [https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record/volume-170/issue-17/senate-section/article/S289-2 '''''Introductory Statement on S. 3696; Congressional Record Vol. 170, No. 17''''' at congress.gov] 2024-01-30
* [https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/press/releases/durbin-graham-klobuchar-hawley-introduce-defiance-act-to-hold-accountable-those-responsible-for-the-proliferation-of-nonconsensual-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-and-videos '''''Durbin, Graham, Klobuchar, Hawley Introduce DEFIANCE Act to Hold Accountable Those Responsible for the Proliferation of Nonconsensual, Sexually-Explicit “Deepfake” Images and Videos''''' at judiciary.senate.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>
* [https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118s3696is '''''S. 3696 (IS) - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024''''' at govinfo.gov]
* [https://www.durbin.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/defiance_act_of_2024.pdf '''DEFIANCE Act of 2024''' at durbin.senate.gov] explains that it would create ''a federal civil remedy for victims who are identifiable in a “digital forgery"''.

'''Reporting and commentary on DEFIANCE Act of 2024 bill'''
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/jan/30/taylor-swift-ai-deepfake-nonconsensual-sexual-images-bill '''''Taylor Swift AI images prompt US bill to tackle nonconsensual, sexual deepfakes''''' at theguardian.com]
* [https://www.theverge.com/2024/1/30/24056385/congress-defiance-act-proposed-ban-nonconsensual-ai-porn '''''Lawmakers propose anti-nonconsensual AI porn bill after Taylor Swift controversy''''' at theverge.com]

=== Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===

[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1027/text '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act)''''' at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of US House bill H.R.7123 - Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7123/text?s=1&r=3 '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-of-artificial-intelligence/the-terrifying-ai-scam-that-uses-your-loved-ones-voice</ref>

=== H.R.1941 - Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
This is a reintroduction of the older US House bill H.R. 3106 - Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3106/text '''''Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act''''' at congress.gov] was introduced in the House on 2023-05-05. It was [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/9631 a reintroduction of H.R. 9631 from the 117th Congress].

== State bills ==
=== NY Senate bill S6278 in the 2025-2026 regular session ===
This bill was reintroduced as [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S6278 S6278] to the 2025-2026 session.

[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S5583 '''NY Senate bill S5583 in the 2023-2024 regular session''' at nysenate.gov] would establish ''the crime of aggravated harassment by means of electronic or digital communication and provides for a private right of action for the unlawful dissemination or publication of deep fakes''.

== Past bills in the USA ==

=== US House bill H.R.6943 - No AI FRAUD Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6943/text '''No Artificial Intelligence Fake Replicas And Unauthorized Duplications Act of 2024''' or the ('''No AI FRAUD Act''') at congress.gov] was introduced to the 118th Congress 2nd session on 2024-01-24.<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>

=== US House bill H.R.5586 - Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023 (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5586/text “Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023” or the “DEEPFAKES Accountability Act” at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of earlier House bill H.R.3230 to the 118th Congress (2023-2024 session)

=== US Senate bill S1641 - Preventing Rampant Online Technological Exploitation and Criminal Trafficking Act of 2022 - (117th Congress) ===
The bill known as [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/4991/text?r=4&s=1 Senate bill '''S.4991''' - ''''''PROTECT Act'''''' at congress.gov] was read by Senator [[w:Mike Lee]] on Wednesday 2022-09-28 twice.

=== New York Senate bill - Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material - in regular session 2021-2022 ===
[[File:Flag of New York (1909–2020).png|thumb|right|200px|[[w:New York State Legislature]] regular session 2021-2022 is contemplating the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York senate bill '''S1641'''] and identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 assembly bill '''A6517'''] to ban sending unsolicited pornography.]]

Bill '''''Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material'''''' is essentially a bill that aims to ban sending unsolicited nudes.

In the 2021-2022 [[w:New York State Senate]] regular sessions, on 2021-01-14 Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored and Senators [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) and [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] of the New York State Senate co-sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law]. On 2021-03-19 an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] was introduced to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] by Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]).<ref group="1st seen in">

First seen in the [https://trackbill.com/search/#/related=%7B%22id%22:%221690501%22,%22state%22:%22CA%22,%22session%22:%222019%22,%22billId%22:%22AB602%22%7D&direction=desc&page=1&resultsPerPage=25&sort=relevancy&tracked&upcoming_hearings&type=bills&state=all&session suggestions for similar bills for Bills similar to CA AB602 by trackbill.com].

</ref>

If this bill passes it will be codified in the [[w:Consolidated Laws of New York]]. View the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York''' at nysenate.gov].

* '''Title of bill''': ''An act to amend the penal law, in relation to the creation of the criminal offense of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''

* '''Purpose''': ''The purpose of this bill is to make it unlawful to send sexually explicit material through electronic means unless the material is sent at the request of, or with the express consent of the recipient.''

* '''Summary of provisions''': Adds a '''new section 250.70''' to the penal law making it ''unlawful to knowingly transmit by electronic means visual material that depicts any person engaging in sexual conduct or with a person's intimate parts exposed unless the material is sent at the request of, or with the express consent of the recipient.

* '''Justification''': ''Currently under New York State law, indecent exposure in person is a crime, but it is not unlawful to send sexually explicit photos to nonconsenting adult recipients through electronic transmission. With the growing modem age of online dating, many individuals are receiving sexually explicit visual content without their consent from strangers. No person should be forced to view sexually explicit material without their consent.''

''The bill offers a clear deterrent to those considering sending unsolicited sexual pics and similar inappropriate conduct, and protects the
unwilling recipients who currently have no legal recourse for such abuses.

''What is illegal in the real world must be illegal in the digital world, and this legislation is a first step in the right direction in adding that accountability.''

* '''Legislative history''':
*# Senate - 2020 - S5949 Referred to Codes
*# Assembly - 2020 - A7801 Referred to Codes

* '''Fiscal implications''': ''Minimal''

* '''Effective date''': ''This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law.''

The text of the bill is, as of 2021-03-24, as follows:

:"Section 1. The penal law is amended by adding a new section 250.70 to read as follows:

:'''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL'''''.

:A person is guilty of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material if a person knowingly transmits by electronic means visual material that depicts any person engaging in sexual conduct or with a person's intimate parts exposed or depicts the covered genitals of a male person that are in a discernibly turgid state and such visual material is not sent at the request of or with the express consent of the recipient. For purposes of this section the term "intimate parts" means the naked genitals, pubic area, anus, or female postpubescent nipple of the person and the term "sexual conduct" shall have the same meaning as defined in [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/130.00 section 130.00 (Sex offenses; definitions of terms)] of this chapter. Unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material is a class a misdemeanor.

:'''§ 2'''. This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law."

----
<gallery>
File:Nopic.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law].
File:LIRR Elmont, Brian Benjamin (cropped).jpg|thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Todd_Kaminsky_Head_Shot.jpg||thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Aileen_Gunther.jpg|thumb|260px|NY Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]) presented an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] on 2021-03-19.
* [[w:New York State Legislature]]
</gallery>

=== US Senate bill - Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - 2019-2020 US Senate session (116th Congress) ===
The Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act (SISE) was a bill introduced to the 2019-2020 session of the US Senate.
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/5054?r=1&s=1 US Senate Bill ''''''S.5054''' - '''Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''''' at congress.gov]

=== US House bill - H.R.3230 - DEEP FAKES Accountability Act (116th Congress) ===

* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230/text '''H.R.3230''' - '''''DEEP FAKES Accountability Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> also known as ''Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2019'' and it aimed to include requirements for producers of synthetic human-like fakes '' to generally comply with certain [[w:Digital watermarking|w:digital watermark]] and disclosure requirements''.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230</ref>

=== US Senate bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress) ===
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/3805/text '''S.3805''' - '''''Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry">
Chatting with ChatGPT 2023

* First I asked ChatGPT to "''list some legislative approaches against so-called "deep fakes" or "deepfakes"''" and it mentioned the Singaporean [[#Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]] and the [[#Bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress)]]

</ref> aimed at criminalizing synthesizing human-likeness media for intent of breaking federal, state, local or tribal law

----

----

= Law proposals =
== Law proposals against synthetic filth by [[User:Juho Kunsola|Juho Kunsola]] ==

* '''Audience''': Developed with suitability for national, supranational and UN treaty levels.
* '''Writing context''':
** Written from context of inclusion to '''criminal codes'''.
** I'm a Finn so this has been worded to fit in the [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1889/18890039001#L24 Chapter 24 of the Criminal Code of Finland (in Finnish at finlex.fi)] titled "''Offences against privacy, public peace and personal reputation''"
** [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039 Access the English translations of the Finnish Criminal Code at finlex.fi] or [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039_20150766.pdf go straight to the latest .pdf from 2016]. Chapter 24 starts on page 107.
* '''History''': This version is an evolution of a Finnish language original written in 2016.

[[File:Suomen lippu valokuva.png|right|thumb|260px|[[w:Finland]] has very logical and very [https://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/ accessible laws], but also here we need updating of the laws for this age of industrial disinformation.]]

Existing law in <big>Chapter 24. of the Finnish Criminal Code - "''Offences against privacy, public peace and personal reputation''"</big> seems to be ineffective against many [[synthetic human-like fakes|synthetic human-like fake attack]] and seems it could be used to frame victims for crimes with [[synthetic human-like fakes#Digital sound-alikes|digital sound-alikes]].

The portions affected by or affecting the synthetic filth situation in bold font:

* Section 1 - Invasion of domestic premises (879/2013)
* Section 1(a) - '''Harassing communications''' (879/2013)
* Section 2 - Aggravated invasion of domestic premises (531/2000)
* Section 3 - Invasion of public premises (585/2005)
* Section 4 - Aggravated invasion of public premises (531/2000)
* Section 5 - '''Eavesdropping''' (531/2000)
* Section 6 - '''Illicit observation''' (531/2000)
* Section 7 - '''Preparation of eavesdropping or illicit observation''' (531/2000)
* Section 8 - '''Dissemination of information violating personal privacy''' (879/2013)
* Section 8(a) - '''Aggravated dissemination of information violating personal privacy''' (879/2013)
* Section 9 - '''Defamation''' (879/2013)
* Section 10 - '''Aggravated defamation''' (879/2013)
* Section 11 - Definition (531/2000)
* Section 12 - '''Right to bring charges''' (879/2013)
* Section 13 - '''Corporate criminal liability''' (511/2011)

[[File:The-diffuse-reflection-deducted-from-the-specular-reflection-Debevec-2000.png|thumb|right|260px|Subtraction of the diffuse reflection from the specular reflection. Image is scaled for luminocity. Diffuse reflection is acquired by placing polarizers in 90 degree angle and specular with 0 degree angle.
<br /><br />
[[:File:Deb-2000-reflectance-separation.png|Original picture]] by [[w:Paul Debevec|Debevec]] et al. - Copyright ACM 2000 https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=311779.344855]]

=== Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth ===

==== §1 Models of human appearance ====

A '''model of human appearance''' means
::* A realistic '''3D model'''
::* A '''[[Glossary#Bidirectional reflectance distribution function|7D bidirectional reflectance distribution function]] model'''
::* A '''direct-to-2D''' capable [[w:machine learning]] model
::* Or a model made with any technology whatsoever, that looks deceivingly like the target person.

==== §2 Producing synthetic pornography ====
Making '''projections''', still or videographic, where targets are portrayed in a '''nude''' or in a '''sexual situation''' from models of human appearance defined in §1 '''without express consent''' of the targets is '''illegal'''.

==== §3 Distributing synthetic pornography ====
'''Distributing''', '''making available''', '''public display''', '''purchase''', '''sale''', '''yielding''', '''import''' and '''export''' of non-authorized '''synthetic pornography''' defined in §2 are '''punishable'''.<ref group="footnote">People who are found in possession of this synthetic pornography should probably not be penalized, but rather advised to get some help.</ref>

==== §4 Aggravated producing and distributing synthetic pornography ====
If the media described in §2 or §3 is made or distributed with the '''intent''' to '''frame for a crime''' or for '''blackmail''', the crime should be judged as '''aggravated'''.

==== Afterwords ====
The original idea I had was to ban both the raw materials i.e. the models to make the visual synthetic filth and also the end product weaponized synthetic pornography, but then in July 2019 it appeared to me that [[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]] could really help in this age of industrial disinformation if it were built, trained and operational. Banning modeling of human appearance was in conflict with the revised plan.

It is safe to assume that collecting permissions to model each pornographic recording is not plausible, so an interesting question is that can we ban covert modeling from non-pornographic pictures, while still retaining the ability to model all porn found on the Internet.

In case we want to pursue banning modeling people's appearance from non-pornographic images/videos without explicit permission be pursued it must be <font color="green">formulated</font> so that this <font color="red">'''does not make'''</font> <big>'''[[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]]'''</big> <font color="red">illegal</font> / <font color="red">impossible</font>. This would seem to lead to a weird situation where modeling a human from non-pornographic media would be illegal, but modeling from pornography legal.

=== Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice ===
{{#ev:youtube|0sR1rU3gLzQ|360px|right|[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sR1rU3gLzQ Video 'This AI Clones Your Voice After Listening for 5 Seconds' by '2 minute papers' at YouTube] describes the voice thieving machine by Google Research in [[w:NeurIPS|w:NeurIPS]] 2018.}}

'''Motivation''': The current situation where the criminals can freely trade and grow their libraries of stolen voices is unwise.

==== §1 Unauthorized modeling of a human voice ====
'''Acquiring''' such a '''model of a human's voice''', that '''deceptively resembles''' some '''dead''' or '''living''' person's voice and the '''possession''', '''purchase''', '''sale''', '''yielding''', '''import''' and '''export''' '''without''' the '''express consent''' of the target are '''punishable'''.

==== §2 Application of unauthorized voice models ====
'''Producing''' and '''making available''' media from covert voice models defined in §1 is '''punishable'''.

==== §3 Aggravated application of unauthorized voice models ====
If the produced media is for a '''purpose''' to
::* '''frame''' a '''human''' target or targets for '''crimes'''
::* to attempt '''extortion''' or
::* to '''defame the target''',
the crime should be judged as '''aggravated'''.

----

= Resources and reporting on law =

== AI and law in general ==

[[File:LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg|thumb|right|340px|[[w:Library of Congress]] ([https://loc.gov/ loc.gov]) reading room]]

''' Reviews and regulation '''
From the '''[[w:Library of Congress]]''':

* [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/index.php ''''''Regulation of Artificial Intelligence'''''' at loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/compsum.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Comparative Summary' at loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/international.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: International and Regional Approaches' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/americas.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: The Americas and the Caribbean' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/asia-pacific.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: East/South Asia and the Pacific' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/europe-asia.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Europe and Central Asia' loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/middleeast-northafrica.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Middle East and North Africa' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/africa.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Sub-Saharan Africa' (loc.gov)]

'''[[w:Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher|w:Gibson Dunn & Crutcher]]''' (gibsondunn.com) publishes a quarterly legal update on 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems'. Gibson Dunn & Crutcher is a global [[w:law firm|w:law firm]], founded in Los Angeles in 1890.
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-4q18/ ''''''Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update'''''' Quarter 4 2018 at Gibson & Dunn]
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-1q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 1 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-2q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 2 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-3q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 3 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-automated-systems-legal-update-4q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 4 2019']

''' From Europe'''
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|180px|The [[w:European Union]]'s [[w:European Parliament|Parliament]]'s [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] on [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives].]]
* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf ''''''The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives'''''' (.pdf) at europarl.europa.eu], a March 2020 study by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] Starting from page 37 the .pdf lists organizations in the field.

== Synthetic filth in the law and media ==
* [https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4409&context=vlr ''''''"The New Weapon of Choice": Law's Current Inability to Properly Address Deepfake Pornography'''''' at scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu], October 2020 Notes by Anne Pechenik Gieseke published in the The [[w:Vanderbilt Law Review]], the flagship [[w:academic journal]] of [[w:Vanderbilt University Law School]].
* [https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/07/08/deepfakes-and-synthetic-media-in-financial-system-assessing-threat-scenarios-pub-82237 ''''''Deepfakes and Synthetic Media in the Financial System: Assessing Threat Scenarios'''''' at carnegieendowment.org], a 2020-07-08 assessment identifies some types of criminalities that can be made using [[synthetic human-like fakes]].
* [https://ssri.duke.edu/news/don%E2%80%99t-believe-your-eyes-or-ears-weaponization-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-and ''''''Don’t Believe Your Eyes (or Ears): The Weaponization of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deepfakes'''''' at ssri.duke.edu], an October 2019 news article by Joe Littell, published by the Social Science Research Institute at the [[w:Duke University]]
* [https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/dltr/vol17/iss1/4/ ''''''Deepfakes: False Pornography Is Here and the Law Cannot Protect You'''''' at scholarship.law.duke.edu], published in 2019 in the [[w:Duke Law Journal|Duke Law Journal]], a student-run law review.
* [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-20/deepfake-porn-political-ads-push-states-to-curb-rampant-ai-use '''''States Are Rushing to Regulate Deepfakes as AI Goes Mainstream''''' at bloomberg.com] (paywalled), June 2023 reporting on US legislation against synthetic human-like fakes. It lists CA, WA, WY, MN, TX, GA and VA as having anti-deepfake laws and lists LA, IL, MA and NJ as planning to legislate.

== The countries that have unfortunately banned full face veil ==

{{Q|There are currently 16 nations that have banned the burqa (not to be confused with the hijab), including [[w:Tunisia]],<ref name="reuters.com">

{{cite news
|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-tunisia-niqab-security-idUKKCN1U01CH
|title= Tunisian PM bans wearing of niqab in public institutions
|date=5 July 2019
|access-date=2021-03-13
|newspaper= Reuters
}}

</ref> [[w:Austria]], [[w:Denmark]], [[w:France]], [[w:Belgium]], [[w:Tajikistan]], [[w:Latvia]],<ref name="independent.co.uk">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/islamic-muslim-face-veil-niqab-burqa-banned-latvia-despite-being-worn-by-just-three-women-entire-a6993991.html
|title=A European government has banned Islamic face veils despite them being worn by just three women
|date=21 April 2016
|access-date=2021-03-13
}}

</ref> [[w:Bulgaria]],<ref>

[https://www.smh.com.au/world/bulgaria-the-latest-european-country-to-ban-the-burqa-and-niqab-in-public-places-20160930-grss9q.html Bulgaria the latest European country to ban the burqa and [niqab in public places], Smh.com.au: accessed 5 December 2016.

</ref> [[w:Cameroon]], [[w:Chad]], [[w:Congo-Brazzaville]], [[w:Gabon]], [[w:Netherlands]],<ref>
{{cite news
|last1=Halasz
|first1=Stephanie
|last2=McKenzie
|first2=Sheena
|title=The Netherlands introduces burqa ban in some public spaces
|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/27/europe/netherlands-partial-burqa-ban-intl/index.html
|access-date=2021-03-13
|agency=CNN
|issue=27 June 2018
|publisher=CNN
|date=27 June 2018
}}

</ref> [[w:China]],<ref>
{{cite news
|last1=Phillips
|first1=Tom
|title=China bans burqa in capital of Muslim region of Xinjiang
|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/11342070/China-bans-burqa-in-capital-of-Muslim-region-of-Xinjiang.html
|access-date=2021-03-13
|agency=The Telegraph
|issue=13 January 2015
|newspaper=The Telegraph
|date=13 January 2015
}}

</ref> [[w:Morocco]], and [[w:Switzerland]].|Wikipedia|[[w:Hijab by country]] as of 2021-03-13}}

Taking into consideration these times of industrial disinformation, it is vicious and uncivilized to have laws banning wearing a the full face veil in public.

== Quotes on the current laws and their application ==
{{#lst:Quotes|FinalLineOfDefenseForTheTimeBeing}}

----

= Footnotes =
<references group="footnote" />

= 1st seen in =
<references group="1st seen in" />

= References =
<references />

[[Category:In English]]
[[Category:Law]]
[[Category:Antifake]]

Laws against synthesis and other related crimes

2025-08-23T10:12:40Z

Juho Kunsola: /* Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence */ archiving original EU Commission proposal at commission.europa.eu and replacing the first link with one to the eur-lex.europa.eu

[[File:No-synthetic-F.png|thumb|right|260px|link=Main Page|This article is an attempt to track legislation against '''[[synthetic human-like fakes]]''' world-wide.]]
[[File:Screenshot at 27s of a moving digital-look-alike made to appear Obama-like by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed 2018.png|thumb|right|480px|link=Mediatheque/2018/Obama's appearance thieved - a public service announcement digital look-alike by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Obama-like-fake-2018}}]]
[[File:Appearance of Richard Nixon stolen by the Center for Advanced Virtuality of MIT for their awareness raising project In The Event of Moon Disaster 2020 screenshot at 376s.png|thumb|rightr|480px|link=Mediatheque/2020/Nixon's appearance and voice stolen - a public service announcement digital look-alike and sound-alike by MIT's Center for Advanced Virtuality|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Nixon-like-fake-2020}}]]
[[File:Justice scale silhouette, medium.svg|thumb|right|200px|Do you know of a law or jurisdiction that this list does not include? Add it! Or let us know through the chat in the lower-righthand side!]]

This article contains some current laws against abusive uses of synthetic human-like fakes and also information what kind of laws are being prepared and two SSFWIKI original law proposals, [[#Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth|one against digital look-alikes]] and [[#Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice|one against digital sound-alikes]].

'''Information elsewhere / legal information compilations''' (recommended)
<section begin=anti-fake-law-compilations/>
* <section begin=ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker/>[https://legislation.ballotpedia.org/ai-deepfakes/home '''''AI deepfake legislation tracker''''' at legislation.ballotpedia.org] by Ballotpedia.org for tracking US legislation.<section end=ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker/>
* {{#lst:Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|cybercivilrights.org law compilations}}
* <section begin=responsible.ai 2023/>[https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches '''''A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches''''' at responsible.ai]<ref name="responsible.ai 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches
| title = A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches
| last = Lawson
| first = Amanda
| date = 2023-04-24
| website = responsible.ai
| publisher = Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> April 2023 compilation and reporting by Amanda Lawson of the Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute.<section end=responsible.ai 2023/>
* <section begin=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>[https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/ '''''The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology''''' at legaljournal.princeton.edu]<ref name="Princeton Legal Journal 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/
| title = The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology
| last = Quirk
| first = Caroline
| date = 2023-06-19
| website = legaljournal.princeton.edu
| publisher = Princeton Legal Journal
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}

</ref> compilation and reporting by Caroline Quirk. PLJ is Princeton’s only student-run law review.<section end=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>
* <section begin=tech policy press 2023/>[https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/ '''''Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography''''' at techpolicy.press]<ref name="tech policy press 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/
| title = Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography
| last = Williams
| first = Kaylee
| date = 2023-05-15
| website = techpolicy.press
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> May 2023 compilation and reporting by Kaylee Williams<section end=tech policy press 2023/>

* <section begin=Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA/>[https://foundationra.com/deepfake-ai-laws/ '''''Deepfake AI laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com], [https://foundationra.com/sextortion-laws/ '''''Sextortion laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com] and [https://foundationra.com/revenge-porn-laws-us/ '''''Revenge porn laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com] compilations by [https://foundationra.com/ Foundation RA]<section end=Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA/>
* <section begin=Onfido 2024/>[https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/ '''''Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?''''' at onfido.com]<ref name="Onfido 2024">
{{cite web
| url = https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/
| title = Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?
| last = Owen
| first = Aled
| date = 2024-02-02
| website = onfido.com
| publisher = Onfido
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> February 2024 summary and compilation by Aled Owen, Director of Global Policy at Onfido (for-profit)<section end=Onfido 2024/>

* <section begin=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>[https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html '''''Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?''''' at criminaldefenselawyer.com] <ref name="criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html
| title = Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?
| last = Pirius
| first = Rebecca
| date = 2024-02-07
| website = Criminaldefenselawyer.com
| publisher = [[w:Nolo (publisher)]]
| access-date = 2024-02-22
| quote =
}}

</ref> by Rebecca Pirius is a good bring-together of the current illegality/legality situation in the USA federally and state-wise. Published by [[w:Nolo (publisher)]], updated Feb 2024<section end=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>

* <section begin=tclf 2023/>[https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/ '''''Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace''''' at tclf.in]<ref name="tclf 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/
| title = Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace
| last = Rastogi
| first = Janvhi
| date = 2023-10-16
| website = tclf.in
| publisher = The Contemporary Law Forum
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> October 2023 compilation and reporting by Janvhi Rastogi, published in the The Contemporary Law Forum.<section end=tclf 2023/>

* <section begin=endcyberabuse.org/>[https://endcyberabuse.org/country-factsheets/ '''''The Law on Image-Based Sexual Abuse Worldwide''''' at endcyberabuse.org] contains information for Bangladesh, Canada, England and Wales, France, Germany, India, Japan, Pakistan, Philippines and the USA.<section end=endcyberabuse.org/>
<section end=anti-fake-law-compilations/>

'''New laws'''
* [[#UK|UK]]'s [[#Online Safety Act 2023|Online Safety Act 2023]] has been passed to law and reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.
* The [[#EU|European Union]] has finalized a law package to regulate AI called the [[#Artificial Intelligence Act|Artificial Intelligence Act]]

'''New bills are currently in the works in'''
* Current [[#Bills in the EU|bills in the EU]] of high importance are the almost finalized [[#Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence|Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence]] and the [[#Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse|Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]
* [[#Current bills in the USA|US Senate is considering an anti-fake bill and the House is considering several bills]]
* [[#Canada|Canada]] is considering C-27
* [[#China|China]] seems to be planning to ban all synthetic pornography, however consensual its making was

'''Bills that didn't make it'''
* [[#Canada|Canada's House of Commons]] was considering banning all pornographic content, for which there is no proof-of-age and written consent from everybody visible in the pornographic recording.
* [[#Past bills in the USA|Past bills in the USA]]

= International =
The '''[[w:Convention on Cybercrime]]''', also known as the '''Budapest Convention on Cybercrime''' or the '''Budapest Convention''', is the first international [[w:treaty]] seeking to address [[w:Internet]] and [[w:computer crime]] (cybercrime) harmonizing [[w:municipal law|national laws]], improving investigative techniques, and increasing cooperation among nations.<ref>[https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=185 Convention on Cybercrime, Budapest, 23 November 2001.]</ref> (Wikipedia) The. convention was signed on 2001-11-23

'''[[w:Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime]]''', concerning the criminalisation of acts of a racist and xenophobic nature committed through computer systems is an additional protocol to the [[w:Council of Europe]] Convention on Cybercrime.

= Australia =

[[File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|thumb|right|200px|Australia]]

== Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Act 2024 ==
'''The Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024'''<ref group="1st seen in">ChatGPT Deep research on augmenting this list of laws</ref> criminalized the creation, distribution, and even possession of explicit synthetic human-like fakes without consent.<ref name="GLI2024">https://www.globallegalinsights.com/news/australia-introduces-legislation-to-combat-deepfake-sexual-material/</ref>

Those who create a sexual deepfake of someone without consent face up to 10 years in prison. Those who share or distribute such material (even if they didn’t create it) can get up to 7 years, and merely possessing deepfake porn can lead to 5 years behind bars. Penalties escalate for aggravated cases – if the deepfake is used to harass or blackmail or if the victim is a minor, sentences can reach 15 years.<ref name="GLI2024"/>

'''Official'''
* [https://ministers.ag.gov.au/media-centre/new-criminal-laws-combat-sexually-explicit-deepfakes-21-08-2024 '''''New criminal laws to combat sexually explicit deepfakes''''' at ministers.ag.gov.au]
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/bd/bd2324a/24bd081 '''''Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024 digest''' at aph.gov.au] by Owen Griffiths.
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_LEGislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r7205 '''''Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024''''' progression summary at aph.gov.au]

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.globallegalinsights.com/news/australia-introduces-legislation-to-combat-deepfake-sexual-material/ '''''Australia introduces legislation to combat deepfake sexual material''''' at globallegalinsights.com]

== Online Safety Act 2021 ==

The [https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2021A00076/latest/text '''Online Safety Act 2021''' at legislation.gov.au]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing paper">https://equalitynow.org/resource/briefing-paper-deepfake-image-based-sexual-abuse-tech-facilitated-sexual-exploitation-and-the-law/</ref> regulates the non-consensual sharing or threatening to share sexual images.

If the synthetic fake human-like images depict illegal and restricted online content, then the Online Content Scheme, as defined in the Online Safety Act 2021, may apply.<ref name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing">https://equalitynow.org/resource/briefing-paper-deepfake-image-based-sexual-abuse-tech-facilitated-sexual-exploitation-and-the-law/</ref>

[https://www.esafety.gov.au/ '''Office of the eSafety Commissioner''' at esafety.gov.au] is Australia's independent regulator for online safety.

'''Links'''
* [https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/whats-on/online-safety-act '''''Learn about the Online Safety Act''''' at esafety.gov.au]
* [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-technology-communications/internet/online-safety/current-legislation '''''Key elements of the Online Safety Act 2021''''' at infrastructure.gov.au]
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_LEGislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r6680 '''Online Safety Bill 2021''' at aph.gov.au]
* [https://foundationra.com/australia/ '''Revenge porn laws in Australia''' at foundationra.com]

= Canada =
[[File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg|thumb|right|200px|House of Commons of Canada was contemplating banning distribution of all pornography for which there are no consent declarations and proof-of-age for the people depicted.]]

The existing Canadian law ban the distribution of non-consensual disclosure of intimate images.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

== Active bills in Canada ==
=== Digital Charter Implementation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-27 ===
[https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/c-27 '''''Digital Charter Implementation Act''''' at parl.ca] or ''An Act to enact the Consumer Privacy Protection Act, the Personal Information and Data Protection Tribunal Act and the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act and to make consequential and related amendments to other Acts''

== Past bills in Canada ==
=== Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-270 ===

* [https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading House of Commons of Canada bill '''C-270''' ''''''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'''''' at parl.ca], an act to amend the [[w:Criminal Code (Canada)|Criminal Code]] regarding pornography was first read to the Commons by [[w:Arnold Viersen]] on Thursday 2022-04-28 at 10:15.

According to [https://www.townandcountrytoday.com/local-news/mp-submits-private-members-bill-for-second-time-5346232 townandcountrytoday.com] the author of the bill introduced an identical bill '''C-302''' on Thursday 2021-05-27, but that got killed off by oncoming federal elections

'''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''' - '''An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)''' is a private member's bill by Arnold Viersen ([https://www.arnoldviersen.ca/ Official Site at arnoldviersen.ca])

'''Summary of the C-270 from parl.ca'''
<blockquote>
"''This enactment amends the Criminal Code to prohibit a person from making, distributing or advertising pornographic material for commercial purposes without having first ascertained that, at the time the material was made, '''each person''' whose image is '''depicted''' in the material was '''18 years of age''' or older and '''gave their express consent''' to their image being depicted.''"</blockquote><ref name="Canada C-270">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading
|title= Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)
|last=Viersen
|first=Arnold
|date=2022-04-28
|website=parl.ca
|publisher=[[w:House of Commons of Canada]]
|access-date=2022-10-06
|quote=}}

</ref>

'''Sommaire en français / Summary in French'''
<blockquote>
''Le texte modifie le Code criminel afin d’interdire à toute personne de produire ou de distribuer du matériel pornographique à des fins commerciales, ou d’en faire la publicité, sans s’être au préalable assurée qu’au moment de la production du matériel, '''chaque personne''' dont l’image y est représentée '''était âgée de dix-huit ans''' ou plus et '''avait donné son consentement exprès''' à ce que son image y soit représentée''.</blockquote><ref>Bilingual version of C-270 https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf</ref>

'''Links'''

* [https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' in English et en français at publications.gc.ca]
* [https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/C-270 Parliament of Canada LEGISinfo: C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at parl.ca] in English
* [https://openparliament.ca/bills/44-1/C-270/ C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at openparliament.ca] includes motivation of Mr. Arnold Viersen and the co-sponsor of the bill Mr. Garnett Genuis.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.conservative.ca/mp-viersen-reintroduces-the-stopping-internet-sexual-exploitation-sise-act/ ''MP Viersen reintroduces the Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation (SISE) Act'' at conservative.ca]

----

= China =
This information should be updated.
[[File:Flag of China.png|thumb|right|200px|China passed a law requiring faked footage to be labeled as such, effective 2020-01-01]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in China ==

=== Mandatory labeling of fake media in China since 2020 ===
<section begin=China2020 />On Wednesday January 1 2020 Chinese law requiring that synthetically faked footage should bear a clear notice about its fakeness came into effect. Failure to comply could be considered a [[w:crime]] the [[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]] ([http://www.cac.gov.cn/ cac.gov.cn]) stated on its website. China announced this new law in November 2019.<ref name="Reuters2019">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-technology/china-seeks-to-root-out-fake-news-and-deepfakes-with-new-online-content-rules-idUSKBN1Y30VU
| title = China seeks to root out fake news and deepfakes with new online content rules
| last =
| first =
| date = 2019-11-29
| website = [[w:Reuters.com]]
| publisher = [[w:Reuters]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref> The Chinese government seems to be reserving the right to prosecute both users and [[w:online video platform]]s failing to abide by the rules. <ref name="TheVerge2019">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/29/20988363/china-deepfakes-ban-internet-rules-fake-news-disclosure-virtual-reality
| title = China makes it a criminal offense to publish deepfakes or fake news without disclosure
| last = Statt
| first = Nick
| date = 2019-11-29
| website =
| publisher = [[w:The Verge]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref>
<section end=China2020 />

=== Deep Synthesis Provisions 2023 ===
On Tuesday 2023-01-10 the Deep Synthesis Provisions came into effect. It was originally drafted in 2022 by the '''[[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]]''' as [https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/deep-synthesis-draft/ '''''Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis Internet Information Services''''' (Draft for solicitation of comments) at chinalawtranslate.com] or [http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-01/28/c_1644970458520968.htm view the Chinese language draft '''''国家互联网信息办公室关于《互联网信息服务深度合成管理规定（征求意见稿）》公开征求意见的通知''''' at cac.gov.cn]<ref group="1st seen in">'''Politico AI: Decoded''' mailing list Wednesday 2022-02-02</ref>.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://thediplomat.com/2023/03/chinas-new-legislation-on-deepfakes-should-the-rest-of-asia-follow-suit/ '''''China’s New Legislation on Deepfakes: Should the Rest of Asia Follow Suit?''''' at thediplomat.com] March 2023 reporting
----
= Denmark =
[[File:Animated flag GIFGIFs Denmark.gif|thumb|right|300px|Denmark is considering a novel approach against synthetic filth, by planning to give Danes copyright over their own appearance and voice, a shift from previous legislative approaches against [[synthetic human-like fakes]].]]
Denmark is currently considering changing its laws so that each Dane would have copyright over their own appearance and voice. The Danish approach is novel because it creates a [[w:Right to property|w:property right]] in one’s biometric identity, treating voice/appearance like [[w:intellectual property]], whereas the previous legislative steps elsewhere have been harms-based.

The legislative proposal comes from the Department of Culture of Denmark and is said to have massive support among MPs.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/> The planned changes to Danish copyright law will, once approved, theoretically give people in Denmark the right to demand that online platforms remove content that is in violation of a Danish human's copyright.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/> Parodies and satire get an exception and would still be permitted.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/>

{{Q|“I am extremely proud that we are now sending an unequivocal signal to all citizens that they have the right to their own body, their own voice, and their own facial features.
In a time when technology has outpaced legislation, I am pleased that so many parties in Parliament are joining to protect artists and everyday people from the digital identity theft that can now be done with just a few clicks.
We must not accept that human beings can simply go through the digital copy machine and be misused for all sorts of purposes.
Technology is developing rapidly, and in the future it will be even harder to distinguish reality from fiction in the digital world.
Therefore, it is high time that we build a safeguard against the spread of misinformation while also sending a clear signal to the tech giants.”|Jakob Engel-Schmidt, Culture Minister of Denmark (translated)<ref>https://kum.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/bred-aftale-om-deepfakes-giver-alle-ret-til-egen-krop-og-egen-stemme translation by ChatGPT</ref>|the Danish law initiative to give humans copyright to their own voice and appearance}}

'''Official'''
* [https://kum.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/bred-aftale-om-deepfakes-giver-alle-ret-til-egen-krop-og-egen-stemme '''''Bred aftale om deepfakes giver alle ret til egen krop og egen stemme''''' at kum.dk] press release of the Ministry of Culture on the new planned biometrics copyright protection bill Thursday 2025-06-26

'''Reporting'''

* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jun/27/deepfakes-denmark-copyright-law-artificial-intelligence '''''Denmark to tackle deepfakes by giving people copyright to their own features''''' at theguardian.com] by Miranda Bryant 2025-06-27<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025">
{{cite web
|last = Bryant
|first = Miranda
|date = 2025-06-27
|title = Denmark to tackle deepfakes by giving people copyright to their own features
|url = https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jun/27/deepfakes-denmark-copyright-law-artificial-intelligence
|website = theguardian.com
|location = UK
|publisher = The Guardian
|access-date = 2026-08-22
|quote = The Danish culture minister, Jakob Engel-Schmidt, said he hoped the bill before parliament would send an “unequivocal message” that everybody had the right to the way they looked and sounded. He told the Guardian: “In the bill we agree and are sending an unequivocal message that everybody has the right to their own body, their own voice and their own facial features, which is apparently not how the current law is protecting people against generative AI.”
}}
</ref>
* [https://www.euronews.com/next/2025/06/30/denmark-fights-back-against-deepfakes-with-copyright-protection-what-other-laws-exist-in-e '''''Denmark fights back against deepfakes with copyright protection. What other laws exist in Europe?''''' at euronews.com]<ref name="euronews-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025">
{{cite web
|last = Desmarais
|first = Anna
|date = 2025-06-30
|title = Denmark fights back against deepfakes with copyright protection. What other laws exist in Europe?
|url = https://www.euronews.com/next/2025/06/30/denmark-fights-back-against-deepfakes-with-copyright-protection-what-other-laws-exist-in-e
|website = euronews.com
|location = EU
|publisher = Euronews
|access-date = 2025-08-22
|quote = Denmark will give people copyright over their own likenesses as a way to fight back against generated “deepfake” videos, as countries around the world grapple with the rapid rise of artificial intelligence (AI). In a statement, the Danish government said the bill, which has been agreed upon by all major parties, will make it illegal to share deepfakes and other “digital imitations” of a person’s characteristics. “We are now sending an unequivocal signal to all citizens that you have the right to your own body, your own voice and your own facial features,” Denmark’s culture minister Jakob Engel-Schmidt said in a statement.
}}
</ref> reporting and outline of laws in other EU countries by Anna Desmarais 2025-06-30
* [https://lsj.com.au/articles/denmark-proposes-copyright-laws-to-protect-against-deepfakes/ '''''Denmark proposes copyright laws to protect against deepfakes''''' at lsj.com.au] reporting and analysis by Cat Woods 2025-07-16
* [https://www.indiatimes.com/news/your-face-your-rights-denmarks-tough-new-deepfake-law-could-change-how-ai-imitations-are-handled-across-europe/articleshow/122759842.html ''''''Your face, your rights': Denmark’s tough new Deepfake law could change how AI imitations are handled across Europe''''' at indiatimes.com] reporting putting the new move in bigger context, by Nancy Jaiswal 2025-07-10

----

= EU =
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|200px|The EU must address the malicious uses of AI in the law it is planning to regulate AI.]]
== Laws in the EU ==
=== Artificial Intelligence Act ===

The European Union has a law on AI called '''[[w:Artificial Intelligence Act]]'''. The European Commission proposed the AI Act in 2021. On Wednesday 2024-03-13 the MEPs adopted this law.<ref>

{{cite web
| url = https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law
| title = Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law
| last =
| first =
| date = 2024-03-13
| website = europarl.europa.eu
| publisher = [[w:European Parliament]]
| access-date = 2024-03-22
| quote = The regulation, agreed in negotiations with member states in December 2023, was endorsed by MEPs with 523 votes in favour, 46 against and 49 abstentions.
}}

</ref> The AI Act will have a key role in the effective implementation of upcoming EU [[#Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence|Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence]] and [[#Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse|Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]] that intend to protect us against synthetic pornography.

* European '''Artificial Intelligence Act''' has been approved by the member countries and is on track to be approved by April 2024.<ref>https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-artificial-intelligence-act-ai-technology-risk-rules/</ref> Read [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206 Proposal for a '''''REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL LAYING DOWN HARMONISED RULES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACT) AND AMENDING CERTAIN UNION LEGISLATIVE ACTS''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu]<ref group="1st seen in">https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/the-act/ via https://futureoflife.org/ newsletter</ref> (also contains translations)

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-europe-fit-for-the-digital-age/file-regulation-on-artificial-intelligence '''''Artificial intelligence act''''' in the Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu]

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law '''''Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a press announcement on the adoption of the Artificial Intelligence Act on Wednesday 2024-03-13.

'''Studies and information'''

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/stoa/en/document/EPRS_STU(2021)690039 '''''Tackling deepfakes in European policy''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a 2021 study by the Panel for the Future of Science and Technology and published by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]]. [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/690039/EPRS_STU(2021)690039_EN.pdf View .pdf at europarl.europa.eu]
* [https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/ '''''The EU Artificial Intelligence Act''''' at artificialintelligenceact.eu] is a website promising ''Up-to-date developments and analyses of the EU AI Act'' on the new EU law by the [https://futureoflife.org/ Future of Life Institute], an American non-profit NGO.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euractiv.com/section/artificial-intelligence/opinion/the-ai-act-vs-deepfakes-a-step-forward-but-is-it-enough/ '''''The AI Act vs. deepfakes: A step forward, but is it enough?''''' at euractiv.com], 2024-02-26 opinion piece by Cristina Vanberghen

=== Digital Services Act ===
[https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/digital-services-act-package '''The Digital Services Act''' package at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] [[w:Digital Services Act]] (DSA) came into force in November 2022.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

The Artificial Intelligence Act and Digital Services Act together will help in the enforcement of the upcoming protections to shield us from synthesis crimes.

=== Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence ===
The [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/1385/oj/eng '''''Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu] requires, among other things, that member states criminalize non-consensual [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|synthetic digital look-alike]] pornography in their criminal codes. The directive became active on 2024-05-14 and entered into force on 2024-06-13 and the directive must be implemented in the criminal codes of the member states within 3 years of when it came into force i.e. by Sunday 2027-06-13.

'''Official'''

* [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/1385/oj/eng '''''Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' original EU Commission proposal at commission.europa.eu]

* [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52022PC0105 '''''Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu] has the directive text in all languages and various formats

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-new-push-for-european-democracy/file-legislative-proposal-on-gender-based-violence '''''Legislative proposal on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''close to adoption''. (As of March 2024)

* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_649 '''''Commission welcomes political agreement on new rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-02-06 press release by the [[w:European Commission]].

* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_1533 '''''International Women's Day 2022: Commission proposes EU-wide rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-03-08 press release by the EC.

'''Unofficial'''

* [https://hateaid.org/en/eu-protects-women-from-digital-violence/ '''''Deepfakes and dick pics: EU protects women from digital violence''''' at hateaid.org], a 2024-02-07 press release by HateAid.org

* [https://futureoflife.org/ai-policy/disrupting-the-deepfake-pipeline-in-europe/ '''''Disrupting the Deepfake Pipeline in Europe''''' at futureoflife.org], 2024-02-22 article on the approach of ''Leveraging corporate criminal liability under the Violence Against Women Directive to safeguard against pornographic deepfake exploitation'' by Alexandra Tsalidis

== Bills in the EU ==

=== Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse ===

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-promoting-our-european-way-of-life/file-combating-child-sexual-abuse-online '''''New legislation to fight child sexual abuse online''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''tabled''. (As of March 2024)
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/ '''''Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/timeline-prevention-of-online-child-sexual-abuse/ '''''Timeline - Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]

{{Q|The '''Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse''' ('''Child Sexual Abuse Regulation''', or '''CSAR''') is a [[w:European Union regulation]] proposed by the [[w:European Commissioner for Home Affairs]] [[w:Ylva Johansson]] on 11 May 2022. The stated aim of the legislation is to prevent child sexual abuse online through the implementation of a number of measures, including the establishment of a framework that would make the detection and reporting of child sexual abuse material ([[w:Child pornography|CSAM]]) by digital platforms a legal requirement within the European Union.|Wikipedia as of March 2024|[[w:Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]}}

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/02/06/new-eu-rules-will-criminalise-paedophilia-handbooks-and-deepfakes-of-child-abuse '''''New EU rules will criminalise 'paedophilia handbooks' and deepfakes of child abuse''''' at euronews.com], 2024-02-06 reporting

== Code of practice on Disinformation 2022 ==
The [https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation '''2022 Code of Practice on Disinformation''' at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] - ''Major online platforms, emerging and specialised platforms, players in the advertising industry, fact-checkers, research and civil society organisations delivered a strengthened Code of Practice on Disinformation following the Commission’s Guidance of May 2021''.<ref>https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation</ref>

= Finland =
[[File:Flag of Finland.svg|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|200px|Finland finally updated its laws in 2023 against synthetic filth attacks against adults.]]
[[File:Suomen lippu valokuva.png|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|255px|Finland strongly criminalized synthetic sexual pictures depicting children in 2011, upon the initiative of the [[w:Vanhanen II Cabinet]]]]
== Laws in Finland ==

[[File:Flag_of_Finland.svg|link=Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023|25px]] Suomeksi / in Finnish [[Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023]]

=== Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|what-is-it}}

=== Finland criminalized synthetic CSAM in 2011 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|history}}

----
= France =
[https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F32103 '''''Droit à l'image et respect de la vie privée''''' at service-public.fr] or in English [https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F32103?lang=en '''''Right to the image and respect for privacy''''' at service-public.fr] (automatic translation)

----

= Germany =
[[File:Flag of Germany.svg|thumb|right|200px|Existing German laws provide protection against appearance theft.]]
* [https://mj-cohen.com/2020/01/03/deepfakes-and-german-law/ '''''Deepfakes and German law''''' at mj-cohen.com], January 2020 summary by Maureen Cohen states that the existing German laws are well equipped rendering non-consensual digital look-alikes illegal.

----
= India =
[[File:Flag of India.svg|thumb|right|200px|India]]

'''Laws in India'''

Laws in India can be accessed through the [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/ '''India Code''' at indiacode.nic.in]

'''[[w:Information Technology Act, 2000]]'''
* Section 66. - '''Computer related offences.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=76&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66A. - Omitted. Would have been ''Punishment for sending offensive messages through communication service, etc.''
** Section 66B. - Punishment for dishonestly receiving stolen computer resource or communication device.
** Section 66C. - '''Punishment for identity theft.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=79&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66D. - '''Punishment for cheating by personation by using computer resource.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=80&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66E. - '''Punishment for violation of privacy.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=81#:~:text=Whoever%2C%20intentionally%20or%20knowingly%20captures,two%20lakh%20rupees%2C%20or%20with</ref>
** Section 66F. - Punishment for cyber terrorism.
* Section 67. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting obscene material in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=83&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67A. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material containing sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=84&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67B. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material depicting children in sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=85&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67C. - Preservation and retention of information by intermediaries.

'''[[w:Information Technology Rules, 2021]]'''

'''Past bills in India'''
* [[w:Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019]]
'''Legal compilations on the legal situation against synthetic filth in India'''
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|tclf 2023}}
* [https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916 '''''Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture''''' at livelaw.in]<ref name="Livelaw.in 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916
| title = Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture
| last = Rana
| first = Vikrant
| last2 = Gandhi
| first2 = Anuradha
| last3 = Thakur
| first3 = Rachita
| date = 2023-11-24
| website = livelaw.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-21
| quote =
}}
</ref> 2023-11-24 compilation on laws against synthetic fakes in India, by Vikrant Rana, Anuradha Gandhi and Rachita Thakur
* [https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/ '''''What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?''''' at cybercert.in]<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/
| title = What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website = cybercert.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-03-23
| quote = At present, India does not have any law specifically for deep fake cybercrime, but various other laws can be combined to deal with it.
}}
</ref>
* [https://cybercert.in/indian-cyber-laws/ '''''Cyberlaw in India''''' at cybercert.in] provides a wider look into the Indian Cyber Laws

----
= New Zealand =
[[File:Flag of New Zealand.svg|thumb|right|200px|New Zealand]]

* [https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2015/0063/latest/whole.html ''''Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015'''' at legislation.govt.nz]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing paper"/> criminalises intimate visual recordings and image-based sexual abuse.

* '''[[w:Netsafe]]''' [https://netsafe.org.nz/ netsafe.org.nz] is an online safety non-profit organisation in New Zealand. It provides educational, anti-bullying and support services. The organisation is contracted under the [[w:Harmful Digital Communications Act]] until 2026. (Wikipedia)

* [https://www.cert.govt.nz/ '''CERT.govt.nz'''], the [[w:Computer emergency response team]] of New Zealand - "''Responding to cyber security threats in New Zealand - CERT NZ is your first port of call when you need to report a cyber security problem.''"

* The '''[[w:Department of Internal Affairs]]''' investigates the possession of, and trading in, child exploitation material.<ref>https://www.police.govt.nz/advice-services/cybercrime-and-internet/online-child-safety</ref>

'''Links regarding the Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015'''
* [https://www.police.govt.nz/advice-services/cybercrime-and-internet/harmful-digital-communications-hdc ''''Harmful Digital Communications (HDC)'''' at police.govt.nz] by the [[w:New Zealand Police]]
* [https://www.justice.govt.nz/courts/civil/harmful-digital-communications/ ''''Harmful digital communications'''' at justice.govt.nz] by the [[w:Ministry of Justice (New Zealand)]]
* [https://netsafe.org.nz/what-is-the-hdca/ '''''What is the HDCA?''''' at netsafe.org.nz] by [[w:Netsafe]], the agency approved by the [[w:New Zealand Police]] to process complaints about harmful digital communications.
* See Wikipedia article on '''[[w:Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015]]''' for more info

----

= Singapore =
[[File:Flag of Singapore.svg|thumb|right|200px|Singapore]]
== Law in Singapore ==
=== Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019 ===

[[w:Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> is a [[w:statute]] of the [[w:Parliament of Singapore]] that enables authorities to tackle the spread of [[w:fake news]] or [[w:false information]]. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protection_from_Online_Falsehoods_and_Manipulation_Act_2019&oldid=1134029282 Wikipedia])

----

= South Africa =
[[File:Flag of the Republic of South Africa.svg|thumb|right|200px|[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 South Africa's relatively new Cybercrimes Act (Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020)] has been enacted only partially on Dec 1 2021]]

== Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020 ==
[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 '''South-Africa Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020''' (English / Afrikaans) at gov.za]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref> came only partially into effect on Wednesday 2021-12-01.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref>

* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-16-distribution-of-data-message-of-intimate-image/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 16 - Disclosure of data message of intimate image''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] Subsection 1 states <blockquote>''Any person (‘‘A’’) who unlawfully and intentionally discloses, by means of an electronic communications service, a data message of an intimate image of a person (‘‘B’’), without the consent of B, is guilty of an offence.''
</blockquote>

* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-17-attempting-conspiring-aiding-abetting-inducing-inciting-instigating-instructing-commanding-or-procuring-to-commit-offence/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 17 - Attempting, conspiring, aiding, abetting, inducing, inciting, instigating, instructing, commanding or procuring to commit offence''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] states
<blockquote>
Any person who unlawfully and intentionally
# attempts;
# conspires with any other person; or
# aids, abets, induces, incites, instigates, instructs, commands or procures another person, to commit an offence in terms of Part I or Part II of this Chapter, is guilty of an offence and is liable on conviction to the punishment to which a person convicted of actually committing that offence would be liable.
</blockquote>

'''Links'''
* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/ '''Cybercrimes Act''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] by Accessible Law contains the law in website format

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/ '''''Not all of the cogs in the Cybercrimes Act machine are turning at once — we still remain vulnerable''''' at dailymaverick.co.za]

----
= South Korea =
[[File:Flag of South Korea.svg|thumb|right|200px|South Korea has invested heavily in AI research and has also legislation to counter the menaces of synthetic human-like fakes.]]
== Law in South Korea ==
=== ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES ===
[https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawView.do?hseq=40947&lang=ENG '''ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES''' at elaw.klri.re.kr] is a law in South Korea.<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

----

= UK =
* {{#lst:Glossary|UK-Parliament-glossary}}
* {{#lst:Glossary|Law-Society-glossary}}

== Law against synthesis crimes in the UK ==
[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|thumb|right|200px|The UK has improved its legislation.]]

=== Anti-CSAM measures 2025 ===
On Saturday 2025-02-01 Home Secretary Yvette Cooper announced that the UK will be the 1st country in the world to<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-leading-the-way-protecting-children-from-online-predators</ref>
* "''make it illegal to possess, create or distribute AI tools designed to generate child sexual abuse material (CSAM), punishable by up to 5 years in prison''"
* "''make it illegal for anyone to possess AI ‘paedophile manuals’ which teach people how to use AI to sexually abuse children, punishable by up to 3 years in prison''"

Also a law to
* "''introduce a specific offence for predators who run websites designed for other paedophiles to share vile child sexual abuse content or advice on how to groom children, punishable by up to 10 years in prison''"

Additional powers will be given to the Border Force
* "''give Border Force the necessary powers to keep the UK safe and prevent the distribution of CSAM which is often filmed abroad by allowing officers to compel an individual who they reasonably suspect poses a sexual risk to children to unlock their digital devices for inspection, punishable by up to 3 years in prison, depending on the severity''"

Official
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-leading-the-way-protecting-children-from-online-predators '''''Britain's leading the way protecting children from online predators ''''' at gov.uk] - ''UK becomes the first country in the world to create new AI sexual abuse offences to protect children from predators generating AI images. ''

Reporting
* [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8d90qe4nylo '''''AI-generated child sex abuse images targeted with new laws''''' at bbc.com]
* [https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/02/uk/britain-criminalizes-ai-child-sex-abuse-intl-hnk/index.html '''''UK to target AI child sex abuse tools in world first legal crackdown''''' at edition.cnn.com]
* [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/2/uk-to-become-first-country-to-criminalise-ai-child-abuse-tools '''''UK to become first country to criminalise AI child abuse tools''''' at aljazeera.com]
* [https://www.voanews.com/a/uk-to-become-1st-country-to-criminalize-ai-child-abuse-tools/7959851.html '''''UK to become 1st country to criminalize AI child abuse tools''''' at voanews.com]

=== Creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in the UK 2024 ===
On Tuesday 2024-04-16 the UK announced that '''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK'''.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com]</ref> This is a very good move and next logical step would be the prohibition of non-consensually possessing other people's appearance models and voice models, as suggested in [[#Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola|Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola]]. There is really no logical reason to allow criminal leagues to legally possess and trade their libraries of models without this acquisition through covert modeling or trading and possession of raw materials (covert models) to produce the disinformation weapons being illegal.

Reporting
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''Creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com]

=== Online Safety Act 2023 ===
[[w:Online Safety Act 2023]] [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2023/50/enacted '''Online Safety Act 2023''' at legislation.gov.uk] received Royal Assent on 2023-10-26<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular</ref> and it reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.

* '''Part 4''' - '''CSEA reporting''' of the Act on CSEA reporting has not yet come into effect as of February 2024.
** Section 66 requires providers of services regulated under the Act to have systems and processes in place (so far as possible) to ensure that they report all detected and unreported CSEA content present on the service to the NCA (National Crime Agency)
** '''Offence in relation to CSEA reporting''' in Section 69
* '''Part 7''' – '''Enforcement offences'''
* '''Part 10''' - '''Communication offences''' establishes
** '''False communications offence''' in Section 179
** '''Threatening communications offence''' in Section 181
** '''Offences of sending or showing flashing images electronically''' in Section 183
** '''Offence of encouraging or assisting serious self-harm''' in Section 184
** '''Sending etc photograph or film of genitals''' in Section 187
** '''Sharing or threatening to share intimate photograph or film''' in Section 188

The Online Safety Act 2023 came to be from a House of Lords bill UK's [https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3137 '''HL Bill 151''' - '''''Online Safety Bill''''' at bills.parliament.uk] The bill originated from the House of Commons sessions 2021-22 2022-23.

* [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular '''''Online Safety Act: new criminal offences circular''''' at gov.uk] published 2024-01-31 - It is a ''circular is issued to inform the police and other relevant public authorities of certain provisions of the Online Safety Act in particular new criminal offences.''
* [https://www.ofcom.org.uk/news-centre/2023/safer-life-online-for-people-in-uk ''Creating a safer life online for people in the UK'' at ofcom.org.uk]

* [https://www.gov.uk/guidance/a-guide-to-the-online-safety-bill ''A guide to the Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/online-safety-bill ''Documents, publications and announcements relating to the government's Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]

'''Reporting and summaries of the Online Safety Act'''
* [https://www.infolaw.co.uk/newsletter/2023/11/the-online-safety-act-2023-a-primer/ '''''The Online Safety Act 2023: a primer''''' at infolaw.co.uk], a 2023 primer on the Online Safety Act by Alex Heshmaty on 2023-11-29
* [https://www.epra.org/news_items/uk-the-online-safety-act-is-now-law-ofcom-s-powers-as-online-safety-regulator-have-officially-commenced '''''UK: The Online Safety Act is now law; Ofcom’s powers as online safety regulator have officially commenced''''' at epra.org] states that there will three successive implementation phases.

=== The Domestic Abuse Act 2021 Chapter 17, part 6 - Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films ===
'''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/contents/enacted Chapter 17] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/enacted Part 6 - ''Offences involving abusive or violent behaviour''] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted ''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films'' - ''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress'']

According to the UK-based [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/ '''Revenge Porn Helpline''' at revengepornhelpline.org.uk] article [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/ '''''What to do if someone is threatening to share your intimate images'''''] threats to share intimate images with the intent to cause distress is now an offense in UK law. This is included within the '''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' which was enacted into UK law on 29th June 2021.<ref>https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/</ref>

We don't know quite yet if the bug has been fixed, that if the pictures <u>are not pictures of you</u>, but [[synthetic human-like fakes]] the police cannot do anything.

'''Links'''
* [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted '''Domestic Abuse Act 2021''' / '''Chapter 17''' / '''Part 6''' / '''''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films''''' - '''''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress''''' at legislation.gov.uk]

=== Historical about the UK law against synthesis crimes ===

The UK law was not very up-to-date on the issue of synthetic filth until recent improvements.

The independent [[w:Law Commission (England and Wales)]] reviewed the law where it applies to taking, making and sharing intimate images without consent. The outcome of the consultation was due to be published later in 2021.<ref name="BBC2021">

{{cite web
|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-55546372
|title = 'Deepfake porn images still give me nightmares'
|last = Royle
|first = Sara
|date = 2021-01-05
|website = [[w:BBC Online]]
|publisher = [[w:BBC]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = She alerted the police to the images but was told that no action could be taken. Dr Aislinn O'Connell, a lecturer in law at Royal Holloway University of London, explained that Helen's case fell outside the current law.}}

</ref>

"In 2019, law expert Dr Aislinn O’Connell told [[w:The Independent]] that our current laws on image sharing are piecemeal and not fit for purpose. In October 2018 The [[w:Women and Equalities Committee]] called on the UK Government to introduce new legislation on image-based sexual abuse in order to '''criminalise ALL''' non-consensual creation and distribution of intimate sexual images."<ref name="MortPetition2020">

{{cite web
|url = https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images
|title = Change.org petition: 'Tighten regulation on taking, making and faking explicit images'
|last = Mort
|first = Helen
|date = 2020
|website = [[w:Change.org]]
|publisher = [[w:Change.org]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = Unlike other forms of revenge porn, creating pictures or videos like this is not yet illegal in the UK, though it is in some places in the US. The police were unable to help me.}}

</ref> This call is for similar laws as California put in place on January 1 2020.

----

= USA =

[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|thumb|right|200px|Various US states have enacted state laws aimed against synthetic human-like fakes and since May 2025 through the [[w:TAKE IT DOWN Act]] USA has federal legislation against this menace. Many other [[#Past bills in the USA|federal bills have been introduced in the USA]].]]

* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker}}
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024}}
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA}}

{{#lst:Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|cybercivilrights.org law compilations}}

See also:
* [[#Current bills in the USA|Current bills in the USA]] and [[#Past bills in the USA|past bills in the USA]]
* [https://www.congress.gov/legislative-process/introduction-and-referral-of-bills '''The Legislative Process: Introduction and Referral of Bills (Video)''' at congress.gov]
* {{#lst:Glossary|US-Congress-glossary}}

== Federal laws in the USA against synthesis crimes ==
=== US Senate Act S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
The [https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/146 '''''S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act''''' at congress.gov], a bipartisan act against non-consensual intimate image-based abuse, or in other words, against naked synthetic digital look-alikes and real image-based abuse. The long name for citing this act is '''''T'''ools to '''A'''ddress '''K'''nown '''E'''xploitation by '''I'''mmobilizing '''T'''echnological '''D'''eepfakes '''o'''n '''W'''ebsites and '''N'''etworks Act'''''.

It became federal law on Monday 2025-05-19. It was passed by the House of Representatives on Monday 2025-04-28. There is a one year delay on some of the requirements of the TAKE IT DOWN Act.

* In Wikipedia [[w:TAKE IT DOWN Act]]

* [https://rainn.org/policy/take-it-down-act '''''Take It Down Act''''' summary at rainn.org] - ''Criminalizing tech-enabled sexual abuse'' - ''Join us in celebrating this landmark victory for survivors of image-based sexual abuse!''
* [https://rainn.org/news/rainn-backed-%E2%80%9Ctake-it-down-act%E2%80%9D-passes-congress '''''RAINN-Backed “Take It Down Act” Passes Congress!''''' at rainn.org] - ''HISTORIC WIN FOR VICTIMS OF TECH-ENABLED SEXUAL ABUSE: RAINN-Backed “Take It Down Act” Passes Congress!''
* [https://apnews.com/article/take-it-down-deepfake-trump-melania-first-amendment-741a6e525e81e5e3d8843aac20de8615 '''''Take It Down Act, addressing nonconsensual deepfakes and ‘revenge porn,’ passes. What is it?''''' at apnews.com], 2025-04-28 reporting by Barbara Ortutay

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.npr.org/2025/04/28/nx-s1-5380236/take-it-down-act-melania-trump '''''Congress approves a revenge porn bill backed by first lady Melania Trump''''' at npr.org], 2025-04-28 reporting by Ayana Archie
* [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/house-take-it-down-act-vote-deepfake-pornography-victims/ '''''House passes "Take it Down Act," sending revenge porn bill backed by Melania Trump to president's desk''''' at cbsnews.com], 2025-04-28 reporting by Caitlin Yilek

== Law against synthesis crimes in Virginia 2019 ==
=== Code of Virginia § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty ===
[[File:Flag of Virginia.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Virginia]], an avant-garde state. Motto "[[w:Sic semper tyrannis]]"]]

<section begin=Virginia2019 />[[File:Marcus Simon.jpeg|thumb|right|108px|Homie [[w:Marcus Simon|w:Marcus Simon]] ([http://marcussimon.com/ marcussimon.com]) is a Member of the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] and a true pioneer in legislating against synthetic filth.]] Since July 1 2019<ref>

{{Cite web
| url=https://www.fauquier.com/news/new-state-laws-go-into-effect-july/article_6e2e16c8-96b7-11e9-88d0-83a8852ef3eb.html
| title=New state laws go into effect July 1
}}

</ref> [[w:Virginia]] [[w:criminalization|w:has criminalized]] the sale and dissemination of unauthorized synthetic pornography, but not the manufacture.<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515">
{{cite web
| url = https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/
| title = § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website =
| publisher = [[w:Virginia]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref>, as section [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ § 18.2-386.2 titled ''''''Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''''''] became part of the '''[[w:Code of Virginia]]'''.

[https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/ '''Code of Virginia''' (TOC)] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/ '''Title 18.2.''' Crimes and Offenses Generally] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/ '''Chapter 8.''' Crimes Involving Morals and Decency] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title18.2/chapter8/article5/ '''Article 5.''' Obscenity and Related Offenses] » '''Section''' [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ § '''18.2-386.2.''' Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty]

The [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ section '''§ 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''' of Virginia] is as follows:
<blockquote>
'''A'''. ''Any [[w:person]] who, with the [[w:Intention (criminal law)|w:intent]] to [[w:coercion|w:coerce]], [[w:harassment|w:harass]], or [[w:intimidation|w:intimidate]], [[w:Malice_(law)|w:malicious]]ly [[w:dissemination|w:disseminates]] or [[w:sales|w:sells]] any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever that [[w:Depiction|w:depicts]] another person who is totally [[w:nudity|w:nude]], or in a state of undress so as to expose the [[w:sex organs|w:genitals]], pubic area, [[w:buttocks]], or female [[w:breast]], where such person knows or has reason to know that he is not [[w:license]]d or [[w:authorization|w:authorized]] to disseminate or sell such [[w:Video|w:videographic]] or [[w:Film still|w:still image]] is [[w:Guilt (law)|w:guilty]] of a Class 1 [[w:Misdemeanor#United States|w:misdemeanor]]. ''
::For purposes of this subsection, "another person" includes a person whose image was used in creating, adapting, or modifying a videographic or still image with the intent to depict an actual person and who is recognizable as an actual person by the person's [[w:face]], [[w:Simulacrum|w:likeness]], or other distinguishing characteristic.''

'''B'''. ''If a person uses [[w:Service (economics)|w:services]] of an [[w:Internet service provider]], an electronic mail service provider, or any other information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server in committing acts prohibited under this section, such provider shall not be held responsible for violating this section for content provided by another person.''

'''C.''' ''Venue for a prosecution under this section may lie in the [[w:jurisdiction]] where the unlawful act occurs or where any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever is produced, reproduced, found, stored, received, or possessed in violation of this section.''

'''D.''' ''The provisions of this section shall not preclude prosecution under any other [[w:statute]].''<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515"/>

The identical bills were [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+HB2678 House Bill 2678] presented by [[w:Delegate (American politics)|w:Delegate]] [[w:Marcus Simon]] to the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] on January 14 2019 and three day later an identical [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+SB1736 Senate bill 1736] was introduced to the [[w:Senate of Virginia]] by Senator [[w:Adam Ebbin]].
</blockquote>
<section end=Virginia2019 />

== Law against synthesis crimes in Texas 2019 ==
=== Texas SB 751 - Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election ===
[[File:Flag of Texas.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Texas]], the Lone Star State has protected the political candidates, but not ordinary folk against synthetic filth.]]

<section begin=Texas2019 />On September 1 2019 [[w:Texas Senate]] bill [https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/86R/billtext/html/SB00751F.htm '''SB 751''' - '''''Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election'''''] [[w:amendment]]s to the election code came into effect in the [[w:Law of Texas]], giving [[w:candidates]] in [[w:elections]] a '''30-day protection period''' to the elections during which making and distributing digital look-alikes or synthetic fakes of the candidates is an offense. The law text defines the subject of the law as "''a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality''"<ref name="TexasSB751">

{{cite web
|url= https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751
|title= Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election
|last=
|first=
|date= 2019-06-14
|website=
|publisher= [[w:Texas]]
|access-date= 2021-01-23
|quote= In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality}}

</ref> SB 751 was introduced to the Senate by [[w:Bryan Hughes (politician)]].<ref name="Texas SB 751 history">https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751</ref>

<section end=Texas2019 />

The text of '''S.B. No. 751''' is as follows
<blockquote>
'''''AN ACT relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election.'''''

''BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:''

SECTION 1. ''[https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/EL/htm/EL.255.htm Section 255.004, Election Code], is [[w:Amend (motion)|w:amended]] by adding Subsections (d) and (e) to read as follows:''
* ('''d''') ''A person commits an offense if the person, with intent to injure a candidate or influence the result of an election:''
*# '''''creates''' a [[w:deepfake|deep fake]] video; and''
*# ''causes the deep fake video to be '''published''' or '''distributed''' within '''30 days''' of an '''election'''.''
* ('''e''') ''In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the '''intent to deceive''', that '''appears to depict''' a real person performing an action that '''did not occur''' in '''reality'''.''
SECTION 2. ''This Act takes effect September 1, 2019.''
</blockquote>
----

* [[w:Texas Legislature]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in California 2020 ==
=== California AB-602 - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action ===
[[File:Flag of California.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:California]] moved later than Virginia, but it outlawed also the manufacture of synthetic filth on Jan 1 2020.]]

<section begin=California2020 />[[File:Marc Berman.jpg|thumb|120px|right|Homie [[w:Marc Berman|w:Marc Berman]], a righteous fighter for our human rights in this age of industrial disinformation filth and an Assemblymember of the [[w:California State Assembly]], most loved for authoring [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 '''AB-602''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''], which came into effect on Jan 1 2020, banning both the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted.]] January 1 2020 <ref name="KFI2019">

{{cite web
|url= https://kfiam640.iheart.com/content/2019-12-30-here-are-the-new-california-laws-going-into-effect-in-2020/
|title= Here Are the New California Laws Going Into Effect in 2020
|last= Johnson
|first= R.J.
|date= 2019-12-30
|website= [[KFI]]
|publisher= [[iHeartMedia]]
|access-date= 2021-01-23
|quote=}}

</ref> the [[w:California]] [[w:State law (United States)|w:US state law]] '''[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 "AB-602 ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''."]''' came into effect in the [[w:California Civil Code|civil code]] of the [[w:California Codes]] banning the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted. AB-602 provides victims of synthetic pornography with [[w:injunction|w:injunctive relief]] and poses legal threats of [[w:statutory damages|w:statutory]] and [[w:punitive damages]] on [[w:criminal]]s making or distributing synthetic pornography without consent. The bill AB-602 was signed into law by California [[w:Governor (United States)|w:Governor]] [[w:Gavin Newsom]] on October 3 2019 and was authored by [[w:California State Assembly]]member [[w:Marc Berman]] and an identical Senate bill was coauthored by [[w:California State Senate|w:California Senator]] [[w:Connie Leyva]].<ref name="OpenStates AB 602">

{{cite web
|url=https://openstates.org/ca/bills/20192020/AB602/
|title=AB 602 - California Assembly Bill 2019-2020 Regular Session - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action.
|last=
|first=
|date=
|website=openstates.org
|publisher=openstates.org
|access-date=2021-03-24
|quote=}}

</ref><ref name="CNET2019">

{{cite web
| last = Mihalcik
| first = Carrie
| title = California laws seek to crack down on deepfakes in politics and porn
| website = [[w:cnet.com]]
| publisher = [[w:CNET]]
| date = 2019-10-04
| url = https://www.cnet.com/news/california-laws-seek-to-crack-down-on-deepfakes-in-politics-and-porn/
| access-date = 2021-01-23
}}

</ref> [https://trackbill.com/bill/california-assembly-bill-602-depiction-of-individual-using-digital-or-electronic-technology-sexually-explicit-material-cause-of-action/1690501/ AB602 at trackbill.com]
<section end=California2020 />

[[File:Connie Leyva 2015.jpg|thumb|right|240px|[[w:California]] [[w:California State Senate|w:Senator]] [[w:Connie Leyva]] sponsored [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB564&showamends=false '''California Senate Bill SB 564''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''] in Feb '''2019''' and the Senate Bill was [https://www.sagaftra.org/action-alert-support-california-bill-end-deepfake-porn endorsed by SAG-AFTRA], but the Assembly Bill AB-602 authored by [[w:California State Assembly]]member [[w:Marc Berman]] was the one that became law on 1 January 2020 in the [[w:California Civil Code|w:California Civil Code]] of the [[w:California Codes]].]]

'''Introduction''' by [https://a24.asmdc.org/ Assemblymember Marc Berman]:

'''AB 602''', Berman. '''''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action'''''.

Existing law creates a private [[w:Cause of action|w:right of action]] against a person who intentionally distributes a photograph or recorded image of another that exposes the intimate body parts of that person or of a person engaged in a sexual act '''without the person’s consent''' if specified conditions are met.

This bill would provide that a '''depicted individual''', as defined, has a '''[[w:cause of action]] against''' a person who '''either'''
* (1) '''creates''' and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material if the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted''' individual '''did not [[w:consent]]''' to its creation or disclosure or
* (2) who '''intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create if the person knows the '''depicted''' individual '''did not consent''' to its creation.

The bill would specify exceptions to those provisions, including if the material is a matter of legitimate public concern or a work of political or newsworthy value.

The bill would authorize a prevailing [[w:plaintiff]] who suffers harm to seek [[w:Injunction|w:injunctive]] relief and recover reasonable [[w:attorney’s fee]]s and costs as well as specified monetary [[w:damages]], including [[w:Statutory damages|statutory]] and [[w:punitive damages]].

'''The law is as follows''':
<blockquote>
SECTION 1. Section 1708.86 is added to the [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codesTOCSelected.xhtml?tocCode=CIV&tocTitle=+Civil+Code+-+CIV Civil Code of California], to read:

'''1708.86.''' ('''a''') '''For purposes of this section''':
* (1) “''Altered depiction''” means a performance that was actually performed by the depicted individual but was subsequently altered to be in violation of this section.
* (2) “''Authorized Representative''” means an attorney, talent agent, or personal manager authorized to represent a depicted individual if the depicted individual is represented.
* (3) (A) “''Consent''” means an agreement written in plain language signed knowingly and voluntarily by the depicted individual that includes a general description of the sexually explicit material and the audiovisual work in which it will be incorporated.
* (3) (B) A depicted individual may rescind consent by delivering written notice within three business days from the date consent was given to the person in whose favor consent was made, unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:
:**(i) The depicted individual is given at least 72 hours to review the terms of the agreement before signing it.
:**(ii) The depicted individual’s authorized representative provides written approval of the signed agreement.
* (4) “''Depicted individual''” means an individual who appears, as a result of digitization, to be giving a performance they did not actually perform or to be performing in an altered depiction.
* (5) “''Despicable conduct''” means conduct that is so vile, base, or contemptible that it would be looked down on and despised by a reasonable person.
* (6) “''Digitization''” means to realistically depict any of the following:
** (A) The nude body parts of another human being as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
** (B) Computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
** (C) The depicted individual engaging in sexual conduct in which the depicted individual did not engage.
* (7) “''Disclose''” means to publish, make available, or distribute to the public.
* (8) “''Individual''” means a natural person.
* (9) “''Malice''” means that the defendant acted with intent to cause harm to the plaintiff or despicable conduct that was done with a willful and knowing disregard of the rights of the plaintiff. A person acts with knowing disregard within the meaning of this paragraph when they are aware of the probable harmful consequences of their conduct and deliberately fail to avoid those consequences.
* (10) “''Nude''” means visible genitals, pubic area, anus, or a female’s postpubescent nipple or areola.
* (11) “''Person''” means a human being or legal entity.
* (12) “''Plaintiff''” includes cross-plaintiff.
* (13) “''Sexual conduct''” means any of the following:
** (A) Masturbation.
** (B) Sexual intercourse, including genital, oral, or anal, whether between persons regardless of sex or gender or between humans and animals.
** (C) Sexual penetration of the vagina or rectum by, or with, an object.
** (D) The transfer of semen by means of sexual conduct from the penis directly onto the depicted individual as a result of ejaculation.
** (E) Sadomasochistic abuse involving the depicted individual.
(14) “''Sexually explicit material''” means any portion of an audiovisual work that shows the depicted individual performing in the nude or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct.

('''b''') '''A depicted individual has a cause of action against''' a person who does '''either of the following''':
* (1) '''Creates and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material''' and the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted individual''' in that material '''did not consent''' to its creation or disclosure.
* (2) '''Intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create and the person knows the depicted individual in that material '''did not consent''' to the creation of the sexually explicit material.

('''c''') (1) A person is '''not liable''' under this section in either of the following circumstances:
* (A) The person discloses the sexually explicit material in the course of any of the following:
:** (i) Reporting unlawful activity.
:** (ii) Exercising the person’s law enforcement duties.
:**(iii) Hearings, trials, or other legal proceedings.
* (B) The material is any of the following:
:** (i) A matter of legitimate public concern.
:** (ii) A work of political or newsworthy value or similar work.
:** (iii) Commentary, criticism, or disclosure that is otherwise protected by the California Constitution or the United States Constitution.
* (2) For purposes of this subdivision, sexually explicit material is not of newsworthy value solely because the depicted individual is a public figure.

('''d''') It shall not be a defense to an action under this section that there is a disclaimer included in the sexually explicit material that communicates that the inclusion of the depicted individual in the sexually explicit material was unauthorized or that the depicted individual did not participate in the creation or development of the material.

('''e''') (1) A prevailing plaintiff who suffers harm as a result of the violation of subdivision (b) may recover any of the following:
* (A) An amount equal to the monetary gain made by the defendant from the creation, development, or disclosure of the sexually explicit material.
* (B) One of the following:
:** (i) Economic and noneconomic damages proximately caused by the disclosure of the sexually explicit material, including damages for emotional distress.
:** (ii) Upon request of the plaintiff at any time before the final judgment is rendered, the plaintiff may instead recover an award of statutory damages for all unauthorized acts involved in the action, with respect to any one work, as follows:
:** (I) A sum of not less than one thousand five hundred dollars ($1,500) but not more than thirty thousand dollars ($30,000).
:** (II) If the unlawful act was committed with malice, the award of statutory damages may be increased to a maximum of one hundred fifty thousand dollars ($150,000).
* (C) Punitive damages.
* (D) Reasonable attorney’s fees and costs.
* (E) Any other available relief, including injunctive relief.
(2) The remedies provided by this section are cumulative and shall not be construed as restricting a remedy that is available under any other law.

('''f''') An action under this section shall be commenced no later than three years from the date the unauthorized creation, development, or disclosure was discovered or should have been discovered with the exercise of reasonable diligence.

('''g''') The provisions of this section are severable. If any provision of this section or its application is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions.
</blockquote>
<ref name="CaliforniaStateLaw AB 602">
{{Citation
| title = "AB-602 Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action."
| first = Marc
| last = Berman
| author-link = w:Marc Berman
| first2 = Connie
| last2 = Leyva
| author2-link = w:Connie Leyva
| series =
| year = 2019
| publisher = [[w:California]]
| url = https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602
}}

</ref>

----

* [[w:California State Legislature]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in Georgia in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of Georgia (U.S. state) II.png|thumb|right|200px|Georgia's motto is ''"Wisdom, Justice, Moderation"'' and one could say it is well manifested in how their law against synthetic filth [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html '''GA CODE § 16-11-90'''] is thought out and written.]]
=== Georgia Code § 16-11-90 ===

'''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/ Georgia Code]''' / '''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ Title 16. Crimes and Offenses]''' [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html Chapter 11 "Offenses Against Public Order and Safety", Article 3 "Invasions of Privacy", Part 3 "Invasion of privacy" '''GA CODE § 16-11-90''']
<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list">https://cybercivilrights.org/deep-fake-laws/</ref>

'''The law is''' as of April 14, 2021<ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com" /> as follows:
<blockquote>
('''a''') As used in this Code section, the term:

* ('''1''') “''Harassment''” means engaging in conduct directed at a depicted person that is intended to cause substantial emotional harm to the depicted person.

* ('''2''') “''Nudity''” means:

::* (A) The showing of the human male or female genitals, pubic area, or buttocks without any covering or with less than a full opaque covering;

::* (B) The showing of the female breasts without any covering or with less than a full opaque covering; or

::* (C) The depiction of covered male genitals in a discernibly turgid state.

* ('''3''') “''Sexually explicit conduct” shall have the same meaning as set forth in Code Section 16-12-100 .

('''b''') '''A person violates this Code section if he or she, knowing the content of a transmission or post, knowingly and without the consent of the depicted person''':

* ('''1''') '''Electronically transmits or posts''', in one or more transmissions or posts, a photograph or video which depicts nudity or sexually explicit conduct of an adult, '''including a falsely created videographic or still image''', when the transmission or post is harassment or causes financial loss to the depicted person and serves no legitimate purpose to the depicted person; or

* ('''2''') '''Causes the electronic transmission or posting''', in one or more transmissions or posts, of a photograph or video which depicts nudity or sexually explicit conduct of an adult, '''including a falsely created videographic or still image''', when the transmission or post is harassment or causes financial loss to the depicted person and serves no legitimate purpose to the depicted person.

:Nothing in this Code section shall be construed to impose liability on an interactive computer service, as such term is defined in 47 U.S.C. 230(f)(2) , or an information service or telecommunications service, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. 153 , for content provided by another person.

('''c''') Any person who violates this Code section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of a high and aggravated nature; provided, however, that upon a second or subsequent violation of this Code section, he or she shall be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by imprisonment of not less than one nor more than five years, a fine of not more than $100,000.00, or both.

('''d''') A person shall be '''subject to prosecution in this state''' pursuant to Code Section 17-2-1 for any conduct made unlawful by this Code section which the person engages in while:

* ('''1''') '''Either within''' or '''outside of this state''' if, by such conduct, the person commits a violation of this Code section which involves an '''individual who resides in this state'''; or

* ('''2''') '''Within this state''' if, by such conduct, the person commits a violation of this Code section which involves an '''individual who resides within or outside this state'''.

('''e''') The provisions of subsection (b) of this Code section shall not apply to:

* ('''1''') The activities of law enforcement and prosecution agencies in the investigation and prosecution of criminal offenses;

* ('''2''') Legitimate medical, scientific, or educational activities;

* ('''3''') Any person who transmits or posts a photograph or video depicting only himself or herself engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct;

* ('''4''') The transmission or posting of a photograph or video that was originally made for commercial purposes;

* ('''5''') Any person who transmits or posts a photograph or video depicting a person voluntarily engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct in a public setting; or

* ('''6''') A transmission that is made pursuant to or in anticipation of a civil action.

('''f''') There shall be a rebuttable presumption that an information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server, including specifically a service or system that provides access to the Internet, for content provided by another person, does not know the content of an electronic transmission or post.

('''g''') Any violation of this Code section shall constitute a separate offense and shall not merge with any other crimes set forth in this title.</blockquote><ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com">

{{cite web
|url=https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html
|title=Georgia Code Title 16. Crimes and Offenses § 16-11-90
|last=
|first=
|date=2021-04-14
|website=[[w:FindLaw]]
|publisher=[[w:Georgia (U.S. state)]]
|access-date=2022-01-04
|quote=}}

</ref>

== Law against synthesis crimes in New York State in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of New York.svg|thumb|right|200px|New York State]]
=== New York State - CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy SECTION 52-C - Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual ===
[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/-CH6 '''CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights'''] [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/A5 '''ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual '''SECTION 52-C''' - '''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual''']<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list" />

'''The law is as follows:'''
<blockquote>
<big>'''§ 52-c''' - '''''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual.''''' </big><sup>Obs: There are 2 § 52-c's</sup>

'''1. For the purposes of this section:'''

* '''a.''' "'''''depicted individual'''''" means an individual who '''appears''', as a result of digitization, '''to be giving a performance they did not actually perform''' or '''to be performing in a performance that was actually performed by the depicted individual but was subsequently altered to be in violation of this section'''.

* '''b.''' "'''''digitization'''''" means to '''realistically depict the nude body parts of another human being as the nude body parts of the depicted individual''', '''computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the depicted individual''' or the '''depicted individual engaging in sexual conduct''', as defined in subdivision ten of section 130.00 of the penal law, '''in which the depicted individual did not engage'''.

* '''c.''' "''individual''" means a natural person.

* '''d.''' "''person''" means a human being or legal entity.

* '''e.''' "''sexually explicit material''" means any portion of an audio visual work that shows the depicted individual performing in the nude, meaning with an unclothed or exposed intimate part, as defined in section 245.15 of the penal law, or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct, as defined in subdivision ten of section 130.00 of the penal law.

'''2. a.''' A depicted individual shall have a '''cause of action''' against a person who, '''discloses''', '''disseminates''' or '''publishes''' sexually explicit material related to the depicted individual, and the person knows or reasonably should have known the depicted individual in that material '''did not consent''' to its '''creation''', disclosure, dissemination, or publication.

* '''b.''' It shall '''not be a defense''' to an action under this section that '''there is a disclaimer''' in the sexually explicit material that communicates that the inclusion of the depicted individual in the sexually explicit material was unauthorized or that the depicted individual did not participate in the creation or development of the material.

'''3. a.''' A depicted individual may only consent to the creation, disclosure, dissemination, or publication of sexually explicit material by knowingly and voluntarily signing an agreement written in plain language that includes a general description of the sexually explicit material and the audiovisual work in which it will be incorporated.

* '''b.''' A depicted individual may rescind consent by delivering written notice within three business days from the date consent was given to the person in whose favor consent was made, unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:

:* i. the depicted individual is given at least three business days to review the terms of the agreement before signing it; or

:* ii. if the depicted individual is represented, the attorney, talent agent, or personal manager authorized to represent the depicted individual provides additional written approval of the signed agreement.

'''4. a.''' A person is not liable under this section if:

:* i. the person discloses, disseminates or publishes the sexually explicit material in the course of reporting unlawful activity, exercising the person's law enforcement duties, or hearings, trials or other legal proceedings; or

:* ii. the sexually explicit material is a matter of legitimate public concern, a work of political or newsworthy value or similar work, or commentary, criticism or disclosure that is otherwise protected by the constitution of this state or the United States; provided that sexually explicit material shall not be considered of newsworthy value solely because the depicted individual is a public figure.

'''5.''' In any action commenced pursuant to this section, the finder of fact, in its discretion, '''may award injunctive relief''', '''punitive damages''', '''compensatory damages''', and '''reasonable court costs''' and '''attorney's fees'''.

'''6.''' A cause of action or special proceeding under this section shall be commenced the later of either:

* '''a.''' three years after the dissemination or publication of sexually explicit material; or

* '''b.''' one year from the date a person discovers, or reasonably should have discovered, the dissemination or publication of such sexually explicit material.

'''7.''' Nothing in this section shall be read to require a prior criminal complaint, prosecution or conviction to establish the elements of the cause of action provided for in this section.

'''8.''' The provisions of this section including the remedies are in addition to, and shall not supersede, any other rights or remedies available in law or equity.

'''9.''' If any provision of this section or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of this section which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this section are severable.

'''10.''' Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit, or to enlarge, the protections that 47 U.S.C. § 230 confers on an interactive
computer service for content provided by another information content provider, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. § 230.</blockquote><ref name="New York State Civil Rights CHAPTER 6, ARTICLE 5, SECTION 52-C">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual
|title= SECTION 52-C Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual
|last=
|first=
|date=2021-11-12
|website=nysenate.gov
|publisher=[[w:New York State Legislature]]
|access-date=2021-01-04
|quote=}}

</ref>

== Law against synthesis crimes in Florida 2025 ==
[https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2025/1161/?Tab=BillHistory '''''CS/CS/HB 1161: Removal of Altered Sexual Depictions Posted without Consent''''' at flsenate.gov] is set to become law in 2025

'''Reporting'''
* [https://floridapolitics.com/archives/733939-brookes-law-giving-deepfake-victims-recourse-against-platforms-will-head-to-governors-desk/ '''''‘Brooke’s Law,’ giving deepfake victims recourse against platforms, heads to Governor’s desk''''' at floridapolitics.com], April 2025 reporting by A.G. Gancarski

== Current bills in the USA ==

== 119th Congress ==
=== Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2025 (DEFIANCE Act of 2025) (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1837 '''''Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2025 (DEFIANCE Act of 2025)''''' at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of the US Senate bill S. 3696 - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images and Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024 (DEFIANCE Act of 2024) (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3696/text '''''S.3696 - DEFIANCE Act of 2024''''' at congress.gov], a bipartisan Senate bill against synthetic filth.

* [https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record/volume-170/issue-17/senate-section/article/S289-2 '''''Introductory Statement on S. 3696; Congressional Record Vol. 170, No. 17''''' at congress.gov] 2024-01-30
* [https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/press/releases/durbin-graham-klobuchar-hawley-introduce-defiance-act-to-hold-accountable-those-responsible-for-the-proliferation-of-nonconsensual-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-and-videos '''''Durbin, Graham, Klobuchar, Hawley Introduce DEFIANCE Act to Hold Accountable Those Responsible for the Proliferation of Nonconsensual, Sexually-Explicit “Deepfake” Images and Videos''''' at judiciary.senate.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>
* [https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118s3696is '''''S. 3696 (IS) - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024''''' at govinfo.gov]
* [https://www.durbin.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/defiance_act_of_2024.pdf '''DEFIANCE Act of 2024''' at durbin.senate.gov] explains that it would create ''a federal civil remedy for victims who are identifiable in a “digital forgery"''.

'''Reporting and commentary on DEFIANCE Act of 2024 bill'''
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/jan/30/taylor-swift-ai-deepfake-nonconsensual-sexual-images-bill '''''Taylor Swift AI images prompt US bill to tackle nonconsensual, sexual deepfakes''''' at theguardian.com]
* [https://www.theverge.com/2024/1/30/24056385/congress-defiance-act-proposed-ban-nonconsensual-ai-porn '''''Lawmakers propose anti-nonconsensual AI porn bill after Taylor Swift controversy''''' at theverge.com]

=== Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===

[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1027/text '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act)''''' at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of US House bill H.R.7123 - Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7123/text?s=1&r=3 '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-of-artificial-intelligence/the-terrifying-ai-scam-that-uses-your-loved-ones-voice</ref>

=== H.R.1941 - Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
This is a reintroduction of the older US House bill H.R. 3106 - Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3106/text '''''Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act''''' at congress.gov] was introduced in the House on 2023-05-05. It was [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/9631 a reintroduction of H.R. 9631 from the 117th Congress].

== State bills ==
=== NY Senate bill S6278 in the 2025-2026 regular session ===
This bill was reintroduced as [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S6278 S6278] to the 2025-2026 session.

[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S5583 '''NY Senate bill S5583 in the 2023-2024 regular session''' at nysenate.gov] would establish ''the crime of aggravated harassment by means of electronic or digital communication and provides for a private right of action for the unlawful dissemination or publication of deep fakes''.

== Past bills in the USA ==

=== US House bill H.R.6943 - No AI FRAUD Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6943/text '''No Artificial Intelligence Fake Replicas And Unauthorized Duplications Act of 2024''' or the ('''No AI FRAUD Act''') at congress.gov] was introduced to the 118th Congress 2nd session on 2024-01-24.<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>

=== US House bill H.R.5586 - Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023 (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5586/text “Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023” or the “DEEPFAKES Accountability Act” at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of earlier House bill H.R.3230 to the 118th Congress (2023-2024 session)

=== US Senate bill S1641 - Preventing Rampant Online Technological Exploitation and Criminal Trafficking Act of 2022 - (117th Congress) ===
The bill known as [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/4991/text?r=4&s=1 Senate bill '''S.4991''' - ''''''PROTECT Act'''''' at congress.gov] was read by Senator [[w:Mike Lee]] on Wednesday 2022-09-28 twice.

=== New York Senate bill - Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material - in regular session 2021-2022 ===
[[File:Flag of New York (1909–2020).png|thumb|right|200px|[[w:New York State Legislature]] regular session 2021-2022 is contemplating the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York senate bill '''S1641'''] and identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 assembly bill '''A6517'''] to ban sending unsolicited pornography.]]

Bill '''''Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material'''''' is essentially a bill that aims to ban sending unsolicited nudes.

In the 2021-2022 [[w:New York State Senate]] regular sessions, on 2021-01-14 Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored and Senators [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) and [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] of the New York State Senate co-sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law]. On 2021-03-19 an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] was introduced to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] by Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]).<ref group="1st seen in">

First seen in the [https://trackbill.com/search/#/related=%7B%22id%22:%221690501%22,%22state%22:%22CA%22,%22session%22:%222019%22,%22billId%22:%22AB602%22%7D&direction=desc&page=1&resultsPerPage=25&sort=relevancy&tracked&upcoming_hearings&type=bills&state=all&session suggestions for similar bills for Bills similar to CA AB602 by trackbill.com].

</ref>

If this bill passes it will be codified in the [[w:Consolidated Laws of New York]]. View the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York''' at nysenate.gov].

* '''Title of bill''': ''An act to amend the penal law, in relation to the creation of the criminal offense of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''

* '''Purpose''': ''The purpose of this bill is to make it unlawful to send sexually explicit material through electronic means unless the material is sent at the request of, or with the express consent of the recipient.''

* '''Summary of provisions''': Adds a '''new section 250.70''' to the penal law making it ''unlawful to knowingly transmit by electronic means visual material that depicts any person engaging in sexual conduct or with a person's intimate parts exposed unless the material is sent at the request of, or with the express consent of the recipient.

* '''Justification''': ''Currently under New York State law, indecent exposure in person is a crime, but it is not unlawful to send sexually explicit photos to nonconsenting adult recipients through electronic transmission. With the growing modem age of online dating, many individuals are receiving sexually explicit visual content without their consent from strangers. No person should be forced to view sexually explicit material without their consent.''

''The bill offers a clear deterrent to those considering sending unsolicited sexual pics and similar inappropriate conduct, and protects the
unwilling recipients who currently have no legal recourse for such abuses.

''What is illegal in the real world must be illegal in the digital world, and this legislation is a first step in the right direction in adding that accountability.''

* '''Legislative history''':
*# Senate - 2020 - S5949 Referred to Codes
*# Assembly - 2020 - A7801 Referred to Codes

* '''Fiscal implications''': ''Minimal''

* '''Effective date''': ''This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law.''

The text of the bill is, as of 2021-03-24, as follows:

:"Section 1. The penal law is amended by adding a new section 250.70 to read as follows:

:'''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL'''''.

:A person is guilty of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material if a person knowingly transmits by electronic means visual material that depicts any person engaging in sexual conduct or with a person's intimate parts exposed or depicts the covered genitals of a male person that are in a discernibly turgid state and such visual material is not sent at the request of or with the express consent of the recipient. For purposes of this section the term "intimate parts" means the naked genitals, pubic area, anus, or female postpubescent nipple of the person and the term "sexual conduct" shall have the same meaning as defined in [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/130.00 section 130.00 (Sex offenses; definitions of terms)] of this chapter. Unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material is a class a misdemeanor.

:'''§ 2'''. This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law."

----
<gallery>
File:Nopic.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law].
File:LIRR Elmont, Brian Benjamin (cropped).jpg|thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Todd_Kaminsky_Head_Shot.jpg||thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Aileen_Gunther.jpg|thumb|260px|NY Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]) presented an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] on 2021-03-19.
* [[w:New York State Legislature]]
</gallery>

=== US Senate bill - Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - 2019-2020 US Senate session (116th Congress) ===
The Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act (SISE) was a bill introduced to the 2019-2020 session of the US Senate.
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/5054?r=1&s=1 US Senate Bill ''''''S.5054''' - '''Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''''' at congress.gov]

=== US House bill - H.R.3230 - DEEP FAKES Accountability Act (116th Congress) ===

* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230/text '''H.R.3230''' - '''''DEEP FAKES Accountability Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> also known as ''Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2019'' and it aimed to include requirements for producers of synthetic human-like fakes '' to generally comply with certain [[w:Digital watermarking|w:digital watermark]] and disclosure requirements''.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230</ref>

=== US Senate bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress) ===
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/3805/text '''S.3805''' - '''''Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry">
Chatting with ChatGPT 2023

* First I asked ChatGPT to "''list some legislative approaches against so-called "deep fakes" or "deepfakes"''" and it mentioned the Singaporean [[#Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]] and the [[#Bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress)]]

</ref> aimed at criminalizing synthesizing human-likeness media for intent of breaking federal, state, local or tribal law

----

----

= Law proposals =
== Law proposals against synthetic filth by [[User:Juho Kunsola|Juho Kunsola]] ==

* '''Audience''': Developed with suitability for national, supranational and UN treaty levels.
* '''Writing context''':
** Written from context of inclusion to '''criminal codes'''.
** I'm a Finn so this has been worded to fit in the [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1889/18890039001#L24 Chapter 24 of the Criminal Code of Finland (in Finnish at finlex.fi)] titled "''Offences against privacy, public peace and personal reputation''"
** [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039 Access the English translations of the Finnish Criminal Code at finlex.fi] or [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039_20150766.pdf go straight to the latest .pdf from 2016]. Chapter 24 starts on page 107.
* '''History''': This version is an evolution of a Finnish language original written in 2016.

[[File:Suomen lippu valokuva.png|right|thumb|260px|[[w:Finland]] has very logical and very [https://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/ accessible laws], but also here we need updating of the laws for this age of industrial disinformation.]]

Existing law in <big>Chapter 24. of the Finnish Criminal Code - "''Offences against privacy, public peace and personal reputation''"</big> seems to be ineffective against many [[synthetic human-like fakes|synthetic human-like fake attack]] and seems it could be used to frame victims for crimes with [[synthetic human-like fakes#Digital sound-alikes|digital sound-alikes]].

The portions affected by or affecting the synthetic filth situation in bold font:

* Section 1 - Invasion of domestic premises (879/2013)
* Section 1(a) - '''Harassing communications''' (879/2013)
* Section 2 - Aggravated invasion of domestic premises (531/2000)
* Section 3 - Invasion of public premises (585/2005)
* Section 4 - Aggravated invasion of public premises (531/2000)
* Section 5 - '''Eavesdropping''' (531/2000)
* Section 6 - '''Illicit observation''' (531/2000)
* Section 7 - '''Preparation of eavesdropping or illicit observation''' (531/2000)
* Section 8 - '''Dissemination of information violating personal privacy''' (879/2013)
* Section 8(a) - '''Aggravated dissemination of information violating personal privacy''' (879/2013)
* Section 9 - '''Defamation''' (879/2013)
* Section 10 - '''Aggravated defamation''' (879/2013)
* Section 11 - Definition (531/2000)
* Section 12 - '''Right to bring charges''' (879/2013)
* Section 13 - '''Corporate criminal liability''' (511/2011)

[[File:The-diffuse-reflection-deducted-from-the-specular-reflection-Debevec-2000.png|thumb|right|260px|Subtraction of the diffuse reflection from the specular reflection. Image is scaled for luminocity. Diffuse reflection is acquired by placing polarizers in 90 degree angle and specular with 0 degree angle.
<br /><br />
[[:File:Deb-2000-reflectance-separation.png|Original picture]] by [[w:Paul Debevec|Debevec]] et al. - Copyright ACM 2000 https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=311779.344855]]

=== Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth ===

==== §1 Models of human appearance ====

A '''model of human appearance''' means
::* A realistic '''3D model'''
::* A '''[[Glossary#Bidirectional reflectance distribution function|7D bidirectional reflectance distribution function]] model'''
::* A '''direct-to-2D''' capable [[w:machine learning]] model
::* Or a model made with any technology whatsoever, that looks deceivingly like the target person.

==== §2 Producing synthetic pornography ====
Making '''projections''', still or videographic, where targets are portrayed in a '''nude''' or in a '''sexual situation''' from models of human appearance defined in §1 '''without express consent''' of the targets is '''illegal'''.

==== §3 Distributing synthetic pornography ====
'''Distributing''', '''making available''', '''public display''', '''purchase''', '''sale''', '''yielding''', '''import''' and '''export''' of non-authorized '''synthetic pornography''' defined in §2 are '''punishable'''.<ref group="footnote">People who are found in possession of this synthetic pornography should probably not be penalized, but rather advised to get some help.</ref>

==== §4 Aggravated producing and distributing synthetic pornography ====
If the media described in §2 or §3 is made or distributed with the '''intent''' to '''frame for a crime''' or for '''blackmail''', the crime should be judged as '''aggravated'''.

==== Afterwords ====
The original idea I had was to ban both the raw materials i.e. the models to make the visual synthetic filth and also the end product weaponized synthetic pornography, but then in July 2019 it appeared to me that [[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]] could really help in this age of industrial disinformation if it were built, trained and operational. Banning modeling of human appearance was in conflict with the revised plan.

It is safe to assume that collecting permissions to model each pornographic recording is not plausible, so an interesting question is that can we ban covert modeling from non-pornographic pictures, while still retaining the ability to model all porn found on the Internet.

In case we want to pursue banning modeling people's appearance from non-pornographic images/videos without explicit permission be pursued it must be <font color="green">formulated</font> so that this <font color="red">'''does not make'''</font> <big>'''[[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]]'''</big> <font color="red">illegal</font> / <font color="red">impossible</font>. This would seem to lead to a weird situation where modeling a human from non-pornographic media would be illegal, but modeling from pornography legal.

=== Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice ===
{{#ev:youtube|0sR1rU3gLzQ|360px|right|[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sR1rU3gLzQ Video 'This AI Clones Your Voice After Listening for 5 Seconds' by '2 minute papers' at YouTube] describes the voice thieving machine by Google Research in [[w:NeurIPS|w:NeurIPS]] 2018.}}

'''Motivation''': The current situation where the criminals can freely trade and grow their libraries of stolen voices is unwise.

==== §1 Unauthorized modeling of a human voice ====
'''Acquiring''' such a '''model of a human's voice''', that '''deceptively resembles''' some '''dead''' or '''living''' person's voice and the '''possession''', '''purchase''', '''sale''', '''yielding''', '''import''' and '''export''' '''without''' the '''express consent''' of the target are '''punishable'''.

==== §2 Application of unauthorized voice models ====
'''Producing''' and '''making available''' media from covert voice models defined in §1 is '''punishable'''.

==== §3 Aggravated application of unauthorized voice models ====
If the produced media is for a '''purpose''' to
::* '''frame''' a '''human''' target or targets for '''crimes'''
::* to attempt '''extortion''' or
::* to '''defame the target''',
the crime should be judged as '''aggravated'''.

----

= Resources and reporting on law =

== AI and law in general ==

[[File:LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg|thumb|right|340px|[[w:Library of Congress]] ([https://loc.gov/ loc.gov]) reading room]]

''' Reviews and regulation '''
From the '''[[w:Library of Congress]]''':

* [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/index.php ''''''Regulation of Artificial Intelligence'''''' at loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/compsum.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Comparative Summary' at loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/international.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: International and Regional Approaches' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/americas.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: The Americas and the Caribbean' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/asia-pacific.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: East/South Asia and the Pacific' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/europe-asia.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Europe and Central Asia' loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/middleeast-northafrica.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Middle East and North Africa' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/africa.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Sub-Saharan Africa' (loc.gov)]

'''[[w:Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher|w:Gibson Dunn & Crutcher]]''' (gibsondunn.com) publishes a quarterly legal update on 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems'. Gibson Dunn & Crutcher is a global [[w:law firm|w:law firm]], founded in Los Angeles in 1890.
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-4q18/ ''''''Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update'''''' Quarter 4 2018 at Gibson & Dunn]
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-1q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 1 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-2q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 2 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-3q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 3 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-automated-systems-legal-update-4q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 4 2019']

''' From Europe'''
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|180px|The [[w:European Union]]'s [[w:European Parliament|Parliament]]'s [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] on [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives].]]
* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf ''''''The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives'''''' (.pdf) at europarl.europa.eu], a March 2020 study by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] Starting from page 37 the .pdf lists organizations in the field.

== Synthetic filth in the law and media ==
* [https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4409&context=vlr ''''''"The New Weapon of Choice": Law's Current Inability to Properly Address Deepfake Pornography'''''' at scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu], October 2020 Notes by Anne Pechenik Gieseke published in the The [[w:Vanderbilt Law Review]], the flagship [[w:academic journal]] of [[w:Vanderbilt University Law School]].
* [https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/07/08/deepfakes-and-synthetic-media-in-financial-system-assessing-threat-scenarios-pub-82237 ''''''Deepfakes and Synthetic Media in the Financial System: Assessing Threat Scenarios'''''' at carnegieendowment.org], a 2020-07-08 assessment identifies some types of criminalities that can be made using [[synthetic human-like fakes]].
* [https://ssri.duke.edu/news/don%E2%80%99t-believe-your-eyes-or-ears-weaponization-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-and ''''''Don’t Believe Your Eyes (or Ears): The Weaponization of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deepfakes'''''' at ssri.duke.edu], an October 2019 news article by Joe Littell, published by the Social Science Research Institute at the [[w:Duke University]]
* [https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/dltr/vol17/iss1/4/ ''''''Deepfakes: False Pornography Is Here and the Law Cannot Protect You'''''' at scholarship.law.duke.edu], published in 2019 in the [[w:Duke Law Journal|Duke Law Journal]], a student-run law review.
* [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-20/deepfake-porn-political-ads-push-states-to-curb-rampant-ai-use '''''States Are Rushing to Regulate Deepfakes as AI Goes Mainstream''''' at bloomberg.com] (paywalled), June 2023 reporting on US legislation against synthetic human-like fakes. It lists CA, WA, WY, MN, TX, GA and VA as having anti-deepfake laws and lists LA, IL, MA and NJ as planning to legislate.

== The countries that have unfortunately banned full face veil ==

{{Q|There are currently 16 nations that have banned the burqa (not to be confused with the hijab), including [[w:Tunisia]],<ref name="reuters.com">

{{cite news
|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-tunisia-niqab-security-idUKKCN1U01CH
|title= Tunisian PM bans wearing of niqab in public institutions
|date=5 July 2019
|access-date=2021-03-13
|newspaper= Reuters
}}

</ref> [[w:Austria]], [[w:Denmark]], [[w:France]], [[w:Belgium]], [[w:Tajikistan]], [[w:Latvia]],<ref name="independent.co.uk">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/islamic-muslim-face-veil-niqab-burqa-banned-latvia-despite-being-worn-by-just-three-women-entire-a6993991.html
|title=A European government has banned Islamic face veils despite them being worn by just three women
|date=21 April 2016
|access-date=2021-03-13
}}

</ref> [[w:Bulgaria]],<ref>

[https://www.smh.com.au/world/bulgaria-the-latest-european-country-to-ban-the-burqa-and-niqab-in-public-places-20160930-grss9q.html Bulgaria the latest European country to ban the burqa and [niqab in public places], Smh.com.au: accessed 5 December 2016.

</ref> [[w:Cameroon]], [[w:Chad]], [[w:Congo-Brazzaville]], [[w:Gabon]], [[w:Netherlands]],<ref>
{{cite news
|last1=Halasz
|first1=Stephanie
|last2=McKenzie
|first2=Sheena
|title=The Netherlands introduces burqa ban in some public spaces
|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/27/europe/netherlands-partial-burqa-ban-intl/index.html
|access-date=2021-03-13
|agency=CNN
|issue=27 June 2018
|publisher=CNN
|date=27 June 2018
}}

</ref> [[w:China]],<ref>
{{cite news
|last1=Phillips
|first1=Tom
|title=China bans burqa in capital of Muslim region of Xinjiang
|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/11342070/China-bans-burqa-in-capital-of-Muslim-region-of-Xinjiang.html
|access-date=2021-03-13
|agency=The Telegraph
|issue=13 January 2015
|newspaper=The Telegraph
|date=13 January 2015
}}

</ref> [[w:Morocco]], and [[w:Switzerland]].|Wikipedia|[[w:Hijab by country]] as of 2021-03-13}}

Taking into consideration these times of industrial disinformation, it is vicious and uncivilized to have laws banning wearing a the full face veil in public.

== Quotes on the current laws and their application ==
{{#lst:Quotes|FinalLineOfDefenseForTheTimeBeing}}

----

= Footnotes =
<references group="footnote" />

= 1st seen in =
<references group="1st seen in" />

= References =
<references />

[[Category:In English]]
[[Category:Law]]
[[Category:Antifake]]

Laws against synthesis and other related crimes

2025-08-23T10:08:20Z

Juho Kunsola: /* Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence */ the requirements of the directive must be implemented by the member states by Sunday 2027-06-13

[[File:No-synthetic-F.png|thumb|right|260px|link=Main Page|This article is an attempt to track legislation against '''[[synthetic human-like fakes]]''' world-wide.]]
[[File:Screenshot at 27s of a moving digital-look-alike made to appear Obama-like by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed 2018.png|thumb|right|480px|link=Mediatheque/2018/Obama's appearance thieved - a public service announcement digital look-alike by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Obama-like-fake-2018}}]]
[[File:Appearance of Richard Nixon stolen by the Center for Advanced Virtuality of MIT for their awareness raising project In The Event of Moon Disaster 2020 screenshot at 376s.png|thumb|rightr|480px|link=Mediatheque/2020/Nixon's appearance and voice stolen - a public service announcement digital look-alike and sound-alike by MIT's Center for Advanced Virtuality|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Nixon-like-fake-2020}}]]
[[File:Justice scale silhouette, medium.svg|thumb|right|200px|Do you know of a law or jurisdiction that this list does not include? Add it! Or let us know through the chat in the lower-righthand side!]]

This article contains some current laws against abusive uses of synthetic human-like fakes and also information what kind of laws are being prepared and two SSFWIKI original law proposals, [[#Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth|one against digital look-alikes]] and [[#Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice|one against digital sound-alikes]].

'''Information elsewhere / legal information compilations''' (recommended)
<section begin=anti-fake-law-compilations/>
* <section begin=ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker/>[https://legislation.ballotpedia.org/ai-deepfakes/home '''''AI deepfake legislation tracker''''' at legislation.ballotpedia.org] by Ballotpedia.org for tracking US legislation.<section end=ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker/>
* {{#lst:Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|cybercivilrights.org law compilations}}
* <section begin=responsible.ai 2023/>[https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches '''''A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches''''' at responsible.ai]<ref name="responsible.ai 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches
| title = A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches
| last = Lawson
| first = Amanda
| date = 2023-04-24
| website = responsible.ai
| publisher = Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> April 2023 compilation and reporting by Amanda Lawson of the Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute.<section end=responsible.ai 2023/>
* <section begin=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>[https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/ '''''The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology''''' at legaljournal.princeton.edu]<ref name="Princeton Legal Journal 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/
| title = The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology
| last = Quirk
| first = Caroline
| date = 2023-06-19
| website = legaljournal.princeton.edu
| publisher = Princeton Legal Journal
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}

</ref> compilation and reporting by Caroline Quirk. PLJ is Princeton’s only student-run law review.<section end=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>
* <section begin=tech policy press 2023/>[https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/ '''''Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography''''' at techpolicy.press]<ref name="tech policy press 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/
| title = Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography
| last = Williams
| first = Kaylee
| date = 2023-05-15
| website = techpolicy.press
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> May 2023 compilation and reporting by Kaylee Williams<section end=tech policy press 2023/>

* <section begin=Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA/>[https://foundationra.com/deepfake-ai-laws/ '''''Deepfake AI laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com], [https://foundationra.com/sextortion-laws/ '''''Sextortion laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com] and [https://foundationra.com/revenge-porn-laws-us/ '''''Revenge porn laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com] compilations by [https://foundationra.com/ Foundation RA]<section end=Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA/>
* <section begin=Onfido 2024/>[https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/ '''''Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?''''' at onfido.com]<ref name="Onfido 2024">
{{cite web
| url = https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/
| title = Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?
| last = Owen
| first = Aled
| date = 2024-02-02
| website = onfido.com
| publisher = Onfido
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> February 2024 summary and compilation by Aled Owen, Director of Global Policy at Onfido (for-profit)<section end=Onfido 2024/>

* <section begin=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>[https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html '''''Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?''''' at criminaldefenselawyer.com] <ref name="criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html
| title = Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?
| last = Pirius
| first = Rebecca
| date = 2024-02-07
| website = Criminaldefenselawyer.com
| publisher = [[w:Nolo (publisher)]]
| access-date = 2024-02-22
| quote =
}}

</ref> by Rebecca Pirius is a good bring-together of the current illegality/legality situation in the USA federally and state-wise. Published by [[w:Nolo (publisher)]], updated Feb 2024<section end=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>

* <section begin=tclf 2023/>[https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/ '''''Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace''''' at tclf.in]<ref name="tclf 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/
| title = Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace
| last = Rastogi
| first = Janvhi
| date = 2023-10-16
| website = tclf.in
| publisher = The Contemporary Law Forum
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> October 2023 compilation and reporting by Janvhi Rastogi, published in the The Contemporary Law Forum.<section end=tclf 2023/>

* <section begin=endcyberabuse.org/>[https://endcyberabuse.org/country-factsheets/ '''''The Law on Image-Based Sexual Abuse Worldwide''''' at endcyberabuse.org] contains information for Bangladesh, Canada, England and Wales, France, Germany, India, Japan, Pakistan, Philippines and the USA.<section end=endcyberabuse.org/>
<section end=anti-fake-law-compilations/>

'''New laws'''
* [[#UK|UK]]'s [[#Online Safety Act 2023|Online Safety Act 2023]] has been passed to law and reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.
* The [[#EU|European Union]] has finalized a law package to regulate AI called the [[#Artificial Intelligence Act|Artificial Intelligence Act]]

'''New bills are currently in the works in'''
* Current [[#Bills in the EU|bills in the EU]] of high importance are the almost finalized [[#Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence|Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence]] and the [[#Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse|Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]
* [[#Current bills in the USA|US Senate is considering an anti-fake bill and the House is considering several bills]]
* [[#Canada|Canada]] is considering C-27
* [[#China|China]] seems to be planning to ban all synthetic pornography, however consensual its making was

'''Bills that didn't make it'''
* [[#Canada|Canada's House of Commons]] was considering banning all pornographic content, for which there is no proof-of-age and written consent from everybody visible in the pornographic recording.
* [[#Past bills in the USA|Past bills in the USA]]

= International =
The '''[[w:Convention on Cybercrime]]''', also known as the '''Budapest Convention on Cybercrime''' or the '''Budapest Convention''', is the first international [[w:treaty]] seeking to address [[w:Internet]] and [[w:computer crime]] (cybercrime) harmonizing [[w:municipal law|national laws]], improving investigative techniques, and increasing cooperation among nations.<ref>[https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=185 Convention on Cybercrime, Budapest, 23 November 2001.]</ref> (Wikipedia) The. convention was signed on 2001-11-23

'''[[w:Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime]]''', concerning the criminalisation of acts of a racist and xenophobic nature committed through computer systems is an additional protocol to the [[w:Council of Europe]] Convention on Cybercrime.

= Australia =

[[File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|thumb|right|200px|Australia]]

== Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Act 2024 ==
'''The Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024'''<ref group="1st seen in">ChatGPT Deep research on augmenting this list of laws</ref> criminalized the creation, distribution, and even possession of explicit synthetic human-like fakes without consent.<ref name="GLI2024">https://www.globallegalinsights.com/news/australia-introduces-legislation-to-combat-deepfake-sexual-material/</ref>

Those who create a sexual deepfake of someone without consent face up to 10 years in prison. Those who share or distribute such material (even if they didn’t create it) can get up to 7 years, and merely possessing deepfake porn can lead to 5 years behind bars. Penalties escalate for aggravated cases – if the deepfake is used to harass or blackmail or if the victim is a minor, sentences can reach 15 years.<ref name="GLI2024"/>

'''Official'''
* [https://ministers.ag.gov.au/media-centre/new-criminal-laws-combat-sexually-explicit-deepfakes-21-08-2024 '''''New criminal laws to combat sexually explicit deepfakes''''' at ministers.ag.gov.au]
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/bd/bd2324a/24bd081 '''''Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024 digest''' at aph.gov.au] by Owen Griffiths.
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_LEGislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r7205 '''''Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024''''' progression summary at aph.gov.au]

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.globallegalinsights.com/news/australia-introduces-legislation-to-combat-deepfake-sexual-material/ '''''Australia introduces legislation to combat deepfake sexual material''''' at globallegalinsights.com]

== Online Safety Act 2021 ==

The [https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2021A00076/latest/text '''Online Safety Act 2021''' at legislation.gov.au]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing paper">https://equalitynow.org/resource/briefing-paper-deepfake-image-based-sexual-abuse-tech-facilitated-sexual-exploitation-and-the-law/</ref> regulates the non-consensual sharing or threatening to share sexual images.

If the synthetic fake human-like images depict illegal and restricted online content, then the Online Content Scheme, as defined in the Online Safety Act 2021, may apply.<ref name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing">https://equalitynow.org/resource/briefing-paper-deepfake-image-based-sexual-abuse-tech-facilitated-sexual-exploitation-and-the-law/</ref>

[https://www.esafety.gov.au/ '''Office of the eSafety Commissioner''' at esafety.gov.au] is Australia's independent regulator for online safety.

'''Links'''
* [https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/whats-on/online-safety-act '''''Learn about the Online Safety Act''''' at esafety.gov.au]
* [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-technology-communications/internet/online-safety/current-legislation '''''Key elements of the Online Safety Act 2021''''' at infrastructure.gov.au]
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_LEGislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r6680 '''Online Safety Bill 2021''' at aph.gov.au]
* [https://foundationra.com/australia/ '''Revenge porn laws in Australia''' at foundationra.com]

= Canada =
[[File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg|thumb|right|200px|House of Commons of Canada was contemplating banning distribution of all pornography for which there are no consent declarations and proof-of-age for the people depicted.]]

The existing Canadian law ban the distribution of non-consensual disclosure of intimate images.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

== Active bills in Canada ==
=== Digital Charter Implementation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-27 ===
[https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/c-27 '''''Digital Charter Implementation Act''''' at parl.ca] or ''An Act to enact the Consumer Privacy Protection Act, the Personal Information and Data Protection Tribunal Act and the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act and to make consequential and related amendments to other Acts''

== Past bills in Canada ==
=== Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-270 ===

* [https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading House of Commons of Canada bill '''C-270''' ''''''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'''''' at parl.ca], an act to amend the [[w:Criminal Code (Canada)|Criminal Code]] regarding pornography was first read to the Commons by [[w:Arnold Viersen]] on Thursday 2022-04-28 at 10:15.

According to [https://www.townandcountrytoday.com/local-news/mp-submits-private-members-bill-for-second-time-5346232 townandcountrytoday.com] the author of the bill introduced an identical bill '''C-302''' on Thursday 2021-05-27, but that got killed off by oncoming federal elections

'''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''' - '''An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)''' is a private member's bill by Arnold Viersen ([https://www.arnoldviersen.ca/ Official Site at arnoldviersen.ca])

'''Summary of the C-270 from parl.ca'''
<blockquote>
"''This enactment amends the Criminal Code to prohibit a person from making, distributing or advertising pornographic material for commercial purposes without having first ascertained that, at the time the material was made, '''each person''' whose image is '''depicted''' in the material was '''18 years of age''' or older and '''gave their express consent''' to their image being depicted.''"</blockquote><ref name="Canada C-270">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading
|title= Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)
|last=Viersen
|first=Arnold
|date=2022-04-28
|website=parl.ca
|publisher=[[w:House of Commons of Canada]]
|access-date=2022-10-06
|quote=}}

</ref>

'''Sommaire en français / Summary in French'''
<blockquote>
''Le texte modifie le Code criminel afin d’interdire à toute personne de produire ou de distribuer du matériel pornographique à des fins commerciales, ou d’en faire la publicité, sans s’être au préalable assurée qu’au moment de la production du matériel, '''chaque personne''' dont l’image y est représentée '''était âgée de dix-huit ans''' ou plus et '''avait donné son consentement exprès''' à ce que son image y soit représentée''.</blockquote><ref>Bilingual version of C-270 https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf</ref>

'''Links'''

* [https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' in English et en français at publications.gc.ca]
* [https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/C-270 Parliament of Canada LEGISinfo: C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at parl.ca] in English
* [https://openparliament.ca/bills/44-1/C-270/ C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at openparliament.ca] includes motivation of Mr. Arnold Viersen and the co-sponsor of the bill Mr. Garnett Genuis.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.conservative.ca/mp-viersen-reintroduces-the-stopping-internet-sexual-exploitation-sise-act/ ''MP Viersen reintroduces the Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation (SISE) Act'' at conservative.ca]

----

= China =
This information should be updated.
[[File:Flag of China.png|thumb|right|200px|China passed a law requiring faked footage to be labeled as such, effective 2020-01-01]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in China ==

=== Mandatory labeling of fake media in China since 2020 ===
<section begin=China2020 />On Wednesday January 1 2020 Chinese law requiring that synthetically faked footage should bear a clear notice about its fakeness came into effect. Failure to comply could be considered a [[w:crime]] the [[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]] ([http://www.cac.gov.cn/ cac.gov.cn]) stated on its website. China announced this new law in November 2019.<ref name="Reuters2019">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-technology/china-seeks-to-root-out-fake-news-and-deepfakes-with-new-online-content-rules-idUSKBN1Y30VU
| title = China seeks to root out fake news and deepfakes with new online content rules
| last =
| first =
| date = 2019-11-29
| website = [[w:Reuters.com]]
| publisher = [[w:Reuters]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref> The Chinese government seems to be reserving the right to prosecute both users and [[w:online video platform]]s failing to abide by the rules. <ref name="TheVerge2019">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/29/20988363/china-deepfakes-ban-internet-rules-fake-news-disclosure-virtual-reality
| title = China makes it a criminal offense to publish deepfakes or fake news without disclosure
| last = Statt
| first = Nick
| date = 2019-11-29
| website =
| publisher = [[w:The Verge]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref>
<section end=China2020 />

=== Deep Synthesis Provisions 2023 ===
On Tuesday 2023-01-10 the Deep Synthesis Provisions came into effect. It was originally drafted in 2022 by the '''[[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]]''' as [https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/deep-synthesis-draft/ '''''Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis Internet Information Services''''' (Draft for solicitation of comments) at chinalawtranslate.com] or [http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-01/28/c_1644970458520968.htm view the Chinese language draft '''''国家互联网信息办公室关于《互联网信息服务深度合成管理规定（征求意见稿）》公开征求意见的通知''''' at cac.gov.cn]<ref group="1st seen in">'''Politico AI: Decoded''' mailing list Wednesday 2022-02-02</ref>.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://thediplomat.com/2023/03/chinas-new-legislation-on-deepfakes-should-the-rest-of-asia-follow-suit/ '''''China’s New Legislation on Deepfakes: Should the Rest of Asia Follow Suit?''''' at thediplomat.com] March 2023 reporting
----
= Denmark =
[[File:Animated flag GIFGIFs Denmark.gif|thumb|right|300px|Denmark is considering a novel approach against synthetic filth, by planning to give Danes copyright over their own appearance and voice, a shift from previous legislative approaches against [[synthetic human-like fakes]].]]
Denmark is currently considering changing its laws so that each Dane would have copyright over their own appearance and voice. The Danish approach is novel because it creates a [[w:Right to property|w:property right]] in one’s biometric identity, treating voice/appearance like [[w:intellectual property]], whereas the previous legislative steps elsewhere have been harms-based.

The legislative proposal comes from the Department of Culture of Denmark and is said to have massive support among MPs.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/> The planned changes to Danish copyright law will, once approved, theoretically give people in Denmark the right to demand that online platforms remove content that is in violation of a Danish human's copyright.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/> Parodies and satire get an exception and would still be permitted.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/>

{{Q|“I am extremely proud that we are now sending an unequivocal signal to all citizens that they have the right to their own body, their own voice, and their own facial features.
In a time when technology has outpaced legislation, I am pleased that so many parties in Parliament are joining to protect artists and everyday people from the digital identity theft that can now be done with just a few clicks.
We must not accept that human beings can simply go through the digital copy machine and be misused for all sorts of purposes.
Technology is developing rapidly, and in the future it will be even harder to distinguish reality from fiction in the digital world.
Therefore, it is high time that we build a safeguard against the spread of misinformation while also sending a clear signal to the tech giants.”|Jakob Engel-Schmidt, Culture Minister of Denmark (translated)<ref>https://kum.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/bred-aftale-om-deepfakes-giver-alle-ret-til-egen-krop-og-egen-stemme translation by ChatGPT</ref>|the Danish law initiative to give humans copyright to their own voice and appearance}}

'''Official'''
* [https://kum.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/bred-aftale-om-deepfakes-giver-alle-ret-til-egen-krop-og-egen-stemme '''''Bred aftale om deepfakes giver alle ret til egen krop og egen stemme''''' at kum.dk] press release of the Ministry of Culture on the new planned biometrics copyright protection bill Thursday 2025-06-26

'''Reporting'''

* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jun/27/deepfakes-denmark-copyright-law-artificial-intelligence '''''Denmark to tackle deepfakes by giving people copyright to their own features''''' at theguardian.com] by Miranda Bryant 2025-06-27<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025">
{{cite web
|last = Bryant
|first = Miranda
|date = 2025-06-27
|title = Denmark to tackle deepfakes by giving people copyright to their own features
|url = https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jun/27/deepfakes-denmark-copyright-law-artificial-intelligence
|website = theguardian.com
|location = UK
|publisher = The Guardian
|access-date = 2026-08-22
|quote = The Danish culture minister, Jakob Engel-Schmidt, said he hoped the bill before parliament would send an “unequivocal message” that everybody had the right to the way they looked and sounded. He told the Guardian: “In the bill we agree and are sending an unequivocal message that everybody has the right to their own body, their own voice and their own facial features, which is apparently not how the current law is protecting people against generative AI.”
}}
</ref>
* [https://www.euronews.com/next/2025/06/30/denmark-fights-back-against-deepfakes-with-copyright-protection-what-other-laws-exist-in-e '''''Denmark fights back against deepfakes with copyright protection. What other laws exist in Europe?''''' at euronews.com]<ref name="euronews-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025">
{{cite web
|last = Desmarais
|first = Anna
|date = 2025-06-30
|title = Denmark fights back against deepfakes with copyright protection. What other laws exist in Europe?
|url = https://www.euronews.com/next/2025/06/30/denmark-fights-back-against-deepfakes-with-copyright-protection-what-other-laws-exist-in-e
|website = euronews.com
|location = EU
|publisher = Euronews
|access-date = 2025-08-22
|quote = Denmark will give people copyright over their own likenesses as a way to fight back against generated “deepfake” videos, as countries around the world grapple with the rapid rise of artificial intelligence (AI). In a statement, the Danish government said the bill, which has been agreed upon by all major parties, will make it illegal to share deepfakes and other “digital imitations” of a person’s characteristics. “We are now sending an unequivocal signal to all citizens that you have the right to your own body, your own voice and your own facial features,” Denmark’s culture minister Jakob Engel-Schmidt said in a statement.
}}
</ref> reporting and outline of laws in other EU countries by Anna Desmarais 2025-06-30
* [https://lsj.com.au/articles/denmark-proposes-copyright-laws-to-protect-against-deepfakes/ '''''Denmark proposes copyright laws to protect against deepfakes''''' at lsj.com.au] reporting and analysis by Cat Woods 2025-07-16
* [https://www.indiatimes.com/news/your-face-your-rights-denmarks-tough-new-deepfake-law-could-change-how-ai-imitations-are-handled-across-europe/articleshow/122759842.html ''''''Your face, your rights': Denmark’s tough new Deepfake law could change how AI imitations are handled across Europe''''' at indiatimes.com] reporting putting the new move in bigger context, by Nancy Jaiswal 2025-07-10

----

= EU =
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|200px|The EU must address the malicious uses of AI in the law it is planning to regulate AI.]]
== Laws in the EU ==
=== Artificial Intelligence Act ===

The European Union has a law on AI called '''[[w:Artificial Intelligence Act]]'''. The European Commission proposed the AI Act in 2021. On Wednesday 2024-03-13 the MEPs adopted this law.<ref>

{{cite web
| url = https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law
| title = Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law
| last =
| first =
| date = 2024-03-13
| website = europarl.europa.eu
| publisher = [[w:European Parliament]]
| access-date = 2024-03-22
| quote = The regulation, agreed in negotiations with member states in December 2023, was endorsed by MEPs with 523 votes in favour, 46 against and 49 abstentions.
}}

</ref> The AI Act will have a key role in the effective implementation of upcoming EU [[#Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence|Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence]] and [[#Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse|Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]] that intend to protect us against synthetic pornography.

* European '''Artificial Intelligence Act''' has been approved by the member countries and is on track to be approved by April 2024.<ref>https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-artificial-intelligence-act-ai-technology-risk-rules/</ref> Read [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206 Proposal for a '''''REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL LAYING DOWN HARMONISED RULES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACT) AND AMENDING CERTAIN UNION LEGISLATIVE ACTS''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu]<ref group="1st seen in">https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/the-act/ via https://futureoflife.org/ newsletter</ref> (also contains translations)

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-europe-fit-for-the-digital-age/file-regulation-on-artificial-intelligence '''''Artificial intelligence act''''' in the Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu]

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law '''''Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a press announcement on the adoption of the Artificial Intelligence Act on Wednesday 2024-03-13.

'''Studies and information'''

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/stoa/en/document/EPRS_STU(2021)690039 '''''Tackling deepfakes in European policy''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a 2021 study by the Panel for the Future of Science and Technology and published by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]]. [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/690039/EPRS_STU(2021)690039_EN.pdf View .pdf at europarl.europa.eu]
* [https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/ '''''The EU Artificial Intelligence Act''''' at artificialintelligenceact.eu] is a website promising ''Up-to-date developments and analyses of the EU AI Act'' on the new EU law by the [https://futureoflife.org/ Future of Life Institute], an American non-profit NGO.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euractiv.com/section/artificial-intelligence/opinion/the-ai-act-vs-deepfakes-a-step-forward-but-is-it-enough/ '''''The AI Act vs. deepfakes: A step forward, but is it enough?''''' at euractiv.com], 2024-02-26 opinion piece by Cristina Vanberghen

=== Digital Services Act ===
[https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/digital-services-act-package '''The Digital Services Act''' package at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] [[w:Digital Services Act]] (DSA) came into force in November 2022.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

The Artificial Intelligence Act and Digital Services Act together will help in the enforcement of the upcoming protections to shield us from synthesis crimes.

=== Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence ===
The [https://commission.europa.eu/document/28552314-3316-40b4-ae0f-17ff8ab9f43f_en '''''Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at commission.europa.eu] requires, among other things, that member states criminalize non-consensual [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|synthetic digital look-alike]] pornography in their criminal codes. The directive became active on 2024-05-14 and entered into force on 2024-06-13 and the directive must be implemented in the criminal codes of the member states within 3 years of when it came into force i.e. by Sunday 2027-06-13.

'''Official'''

* [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52022PC0105 '''''Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu] has the directive text in all languages and various formats

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-new-push-for-european-democracy/file-legislative-proposal-on-gender-based-violence '''''Legislative proposal on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''close to adoption''. (As of March 2024)

* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_649 '''''Commission welcomes political agreement on new rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-02-06 press release by the [[w:European Commission]].

* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_1533 '''''International Women's Day 2022: Commission proposes EU-wide rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-03-08 press release by the EC.

'''Unofficial'''

* [https://hateaid.org/en/eu-protects-women-from-digital-violence/ '''''Deepfakes and dick pics: EU protects women from digital violence''''' at hateaid.org], a 2024-02-07 press release by HateAid.org

* [https://futureoflife.org/ai-policy/disrupting-the-deepfake-pipeline-in-europe/ '''''Disrupting the Deepfake Pipeline in Europe''''' at futureoflife.org], 2024-02-22 article on the approach of ''Leveraging corporate criminal liability under the Violence Against Women Directive to safeguard against pornographic deepfake exploitation'' by Alexandra Tsalidis

== Bills in the EU ==

=== Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse ===

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-promoting-our-european-way-of-life/file-combating-child-sexual-abuse-online '''''New legislation to fight child sexual abuse online''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''tabled''. (As of March 2024)
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/ '''''Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/timeline-prevention-of-online-child-sexual-abuse/ '''''Timeline - Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]

{{Q|The '''Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse''' ('''Child Sexual Abuse Regulation''', or '''CSAR''') is a [[w:European Union regulation]] proposed by the [[w:European Commissioner for Home Affairs]] [[w:Ylva Johansson]] on 11 May 2022. The stated aim of the legislation is to prevent child sexual abuse online through the implementation of a number of measures, including the establishment of a framework that would make the detection and reporting of child sexual abuse material ([[w:Child pornography|CSAM]]) by digital platforms a legal requirement within the European Union.|Wikipedia as of March 2024|[[w:Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]}}

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/02/06/new-eu-rules-will-criminalise-paedophilia-handbooks-and-deepfakes-of-child-abuse '''''New EU rules will criminalise 'paedophilia handbooks' and deepfakes of child abuse''''' at euronews.com], 2024-02-06 reporting

== Code of practice on Disinformation 2022 ==
The [https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation '''2022 Code of Practice on Disinformation''' at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] - ''Major online platforms, emerging and specialised platforms, players in the advertising industry, fact-checkers, research and civil society organisations delivered a strengthened Code of Practice on Disinformation following the Commission’s Guidance of May 2021''.<ref>https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation</ref>

= Finland =
[[File:Flag of Finland.svg|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|200px|Finland finally updated its laws in 2023 against synthetic filth attacks against adults.]]
[[File:Suomen lippu valokuva.png|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|255px|Finland strongly criminalized synthetic sexual pictures depicting children in 2011, upon the initiative of the [[w:Vanhanen II Cabinet]]]]
== Laws in Finland ==

[[File:Flag_of_Finland.svg|link=Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023|25px]] Suomeksi / in Finnish [[Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023]]

=== Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|what-is-it}}

=== Finland criminalized synthetic CSAM in 2011 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|history}}

----
= France =
[https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F32103 '''''Droit à l'image et respect de la vie privée''''' at service-public.fr] or in English [https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F32103?lang=en '''''Right to the image and respect for privacy''''' at service-public.fr] (automatic translation)

----

= Germany =
[[File:Flag of Germany.svg|thumb|right|200px|Existing German laws provide protection against appearance theft.]]
* [https://mj-cohen.com/2020/01/03/deepfakes-and-german-law/ '''''Deepfakes and German law''''' at mj-cohen.com], January 2020 summary by Maureen Cohen states that the existing German laws are well equipped rendering non-consensual digital look-alikes illegal.

----
= India =
[[File:Flag of India.svg|thumb|right|200px|India]]

'''Laws in India'''

Laws in India can be accessed through the [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/ '''India Code''' at indiacode.nic.in]

'''[[w:Information Technology Act, 2000]]'''
* Section 66. - '''Computer related offences.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=76&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66A. - Omitted. Would have been ''Punishment for sending offensive messages through communication service, etc.''
** Section 66B. - Punishment for dishonestly receiving stolen computer resource or communication device.
** Section 66C. - '''Punishment for identity theft.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=79&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66D. - '''Punishment for cheating by personation by using computer resource.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=80&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66E. - '''Punishment for violation of privacy.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=81#:~:text=Whoever%2C%20intentionally%20or%20knowingly%20captures,two%20lakh%20rupees%2C%20or%20with</ref>
** Section 66F. - Punishment for cyber terrorism.
* Section 67. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting obscene material in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=83&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67A. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material containing sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=84&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67B. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material depicting children in sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=85&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67C. - Preservation and retention of information by intermediaries.

'''[[w:Information Technology Rules, 2021]]'''

'''Past bills in India'''
* [[w:Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019]]
'''Legal compilations on the legal situation against synthetic filth in India'''
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|tclf 2023}}
* [https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916 '''''Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture''''' at livelaw.in]<ref name="Livelaw.in 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916
| title = Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture
| last = Rana
| first = Vikrant
| last2 = Gandhi
| first2 = Anuradha
| last3 = Thakur
| first3 = Rachita
| date = 2023-11-24
| website = livelaw.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-21
| quote =
}}
</ref> 2023-11-24 compilation on laws against synthetic fakes in India, by Vikrant Rana, Anuradha Gandhi and Rachita Thakur
* [https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/ '''''What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?''''' at cybercert.in]<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/
| title = What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website = cybercert.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-03-23
| quote = At present, India does not have any law specifically for deep fake cybercrime, but various other laws can be combined to deal with it.
}}
</ref>
* [https://cybercert.in/indian-cyber-laws/ '''''Cyberlaw in India''''' at cybercert.in] provides a wider look into the Indian Cyber Laws

----
= New Zealand =
[[File:Flag of New Zealand.svg|thumb|right|200px|New Zealand]]

* [https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2015/0063/latest/whole.html ''''Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015'''' at legislation.govt.nz]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing paper"/> criminalises intimate visual recordings and image-based sexual abuse.

* '''[[w:Netsafe]]''' [https://netsafe.org.nz/ netsafe.org.nz] is an online safety non-profit organisation in New Zealand. It provides educational, anti-bullying and support services. The organisation is contracted under the [[w:Harmful Digital Communications Act]] until 2026. (Wikipedia)

* [https://www.cert.govt.nz/ '''CERT.govt.nz'''], the [[w:Computer emergency response team]] of New Zealand - "''Responding to cyber security threats in New Zealand - CERT NZ is your first port of call when you need to report a cyber security problem.''"

* The '''[[w:Department of Internal Affairs]]''' investigates the possession of, and trading in, child exploitation material.<ref>https://www.police.govt.nz/advice-services/cybercrime-and-internet/online-child-safety</ref>

'''Links regarding the Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015'''
* [https://www.police.govt.nz/advice-services/cybercrime-and-internet/harmful-digital-communications-hdc ''''Harmful Digital Communications (HDC)'''' at police.govt.nz] by the [[w:New Zealand Police]]
* [https://www.justice.govt.nz/courts/civil/harmful-digital-communications/ ''''Harmful digital communications'''' at justice.govt.nz] by the [[w:Ministry of Justice (New Zealand)]]
* [https://netsafe.org.nz/what-is-the-hdca/ '''''What is the HDCA?''''' at netsafe.org.nz] by [[w:Netsafe]], the agency approved by the [[w:New Zealand Police]] to process complaints about harmful digital communications.
* See Wikipedia article on '''[[w:Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015]]''' for more info

----

= Singapore =
[[File:Flag of Singapore.svg|thumb|right|200px|Singapore]]
== Law in Singapore ==
=== Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019 ===

[[w:Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> is a [[w:statute]] of the [[w:Parliament of Singapore]] that enables authorities to tackle the spread of [[w:fake news]] or [[w:false information]]. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protection_from_Online_Falsehoods_and_Manipulation_Act_2019&oldid=1134029282 Wikipedia])

----

= South Africa =
[[File:Flag of the Republic of South Africa.svg|thumb|right|200px|[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 South Africa's relatively new Cybercrimes Act (Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020)] has been enacted only partially on Dec 1 2021]]

== Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020 ==
[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 '''South-Africa Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020''' (English / Afrikaans) at gov.za]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref> came only partially into effect on Wednesday 2021-12-01.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref>

* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-16-distribution-of-data-message-of-intimate-image/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 16 - Disclosure of data message of intimate image''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] Subsection 1 states <blockquote>''Any person (‘‘A’’) who unlawfully and intentionally discloses, by means of an electronic communications service, a data message of an intimate image of a person (‘‘B’’), without the consent of B, is guilty of an offence.''
</blockquote>

* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-17-attempting-conspiring-aiding-abetting-inducing-inciting-instigating-instructing-commanding-or-procuring-to-commit-offence/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 17 - Attempting, conspiring, aiding, abetting, inducing, inciting, instigating, instructing, commanding or procuring to commit offence''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] states
<blockquote>
Any person who unlawfully and intentionally
# attempts;
# conspires with any other person; or
# aids, abets, induces, incites, instigates, instructs, commands or procures another person, to commit an offence in terms of Part I or Part II of this Chapter, is guilty of an offence and is liable on conviction to the punishment to which a person convicted of actually committing that offence would be liable.
</blockquote>

'''Links'''
* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/ '''Cybercrimes Act''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] by Accessible Law contains the law in website format

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/ '''''Not all of the cogs in the Cybercrimes Act machine are turning at once — we still remain vulnerable''''' at dailymaverick.co.za]

----
= South Korea =
[[File:Flag of South Korea.svg|thumb|right|200px|South Korea has invested heavily in AI research and has also legislation to counter the menaces of synthetic human-like fakes.]]
== Law in South Korea ==
=== ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES ===
[https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawView.do?hseq=40947&lang=ENG '''ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES''' at elaw.klri.re.kr] is a law in South Korea.<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

----

= UK =
* {{#lst:Glossary|UK-Parliament-glossary}}
* {{#lst:Glossary|Law-Society-glossary}}

== Law against synthesis crimes in the UK ==
[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|thumb|right|200px|The UK has improved its legislation.]]

=== Anti-CSAM measures 2025 ===
On Saturday 2025-02-01 Home Secretary Yvette Cooper announced that the UK will be the 1st country in the world to<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-leading-the-way-protecting-children-from-online-predators</ref>
* "''make it illegal to possess, create or distribute AI tools designed to generate child sexual abuse material (CSAM), punishable by up to 5 years in prison''"
* "''make it illegal for anyone to possess AI ‘paedophile manuals’ which teach people how to use AI to sexually abuse children, punishable by up to 3 years in prison''"

Also a law to
* "''introduce a specific offence for predators who run websites designed for other paedophiles to share vile child sexual abuse content or advice on how to groom children, punishable by up to 10 years in prison''"

Additional powers will be given to the Border Force
* "''give Border Force the necessary powers to keep the UK safe and prevent the distribution of CSAM which is often filmed abroad by allowing officers to compel an individual who they reasonably suspect poses a sexual risk to children to unlock their digital devices for inspection, punishable by up to 3 years in prison, depending on the severity''"

Official
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-leading-the-way-protecting-children-from-online-predators '''''Britain's leading the way protecting children from online predators ''''' at gov.uk] - ''UK becomes the first country in the world to create new AI sexual abuse offences to protect children from predators generating AI images. ''

Reporting
* [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8d90qe4nylo '''''AI-generated child sex abuse images targeted with new laws''''' at bbc.com]
* [https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/02/uk/britain-criminalizes-ai-child-sex-abuse-intl-hnk/index.html '''''UK to target AI child sex abuse tools in world first legal crackdown''''' at edition.cnn.com]
* [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/2/uk-to-become-first-country-to-criminalise-ai-child-abuse-tools '''''UK to become first country to criminalise AI child abuse tools''''' at aljazeera.com]
* [https://www.voanews.com/a/uk-to-become-1st-country-to-criminalize-ai-child-abuse-tools/7959851.html '''''UK to become 1st country to criminalize AI child abuse tools''''' at voanews.com]

=== Creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in the UK 2024 ===
On Tuesday 2024-04-16 the UK announced that '''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK'''.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com]</ref> This is a very good move and next logical step would be the prohibition of non-consensually possessing other people's appearance models and voice models, as suggested in [[#Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola|Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola]]. There is really no logical reason to allow criminal leagues to legally possess and trade their libraries of models without this acquisition through covert modeling or trading and possession of raw materials (covert models) to produce the disinformation weapons being illegal.

Reporting
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''Creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com]

=== Online Safety Act 2023 ===
[[w:Online Safety Act 2023]] [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2023/50/enacted '''Online Safety Act 2023''' at legislation.gov.uk] received Royal Assent on 2023-10-26<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular</ref> and it reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.

* '''Part 4''' - '''CSEA reporting''' of the Act on CSEA reporting has not yet come into effect as of February 2024.
** Section 66 requires providers of services regulated under the Act to have systems and processes in place (so far as possible) to ensure that they report all detected and unreported CSEA content present on the service to the NCA (National Crime Agency)
** '''Offence in relation to CSEA reporting''' in Section 69
* '''Part 7''' – '''Enforcement offences'''
* '''Part 10''' - '''Communication offences''' establishes
** '''False communications offence''' in Section 179
** '''Threatening communications offence''' in Section 181
** '''Offences of sending or showing flashing images electronically''' in Section 183
** '''Offence of encouraging or assisting serious self-harm''' in Section 184
** '''Sending etc photograph or film of genitals''' in Section 187
** '''Sharing or threatening to share intimate photograph or film''' in Section 188

The Online Safety Act 2023 came to be from a House of Lords bill UK's [https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3137 '''HL Bill 151''' - '''''Online Safety Bill''''' at bills.parliament.uk] The bill originated from the House of Commons sessions 2021-22 2022-23.

* [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular '''''Online Safety Act: new criminal offences circular''''' at gov.uk] published 2024-01-31 - It is a ''circular is issued to inform the police and other relevant public authorities of certain provisions of the Online Safety Act in particular new criminal offences.''
* [https://www.ofcom.org.uk/news-centre/2023/safer-life-online-for-people-in-uk ''Creating a safer life online for people in the UK'' at ofcom.org.uk]

* [https://www.gov.uk/guidance/a-guide-to-the-online-safety-bill ''A guide to the Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/online-safety-bill ''Documents, publications and announcements relating to the government's Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]

'''Reporting and summaries of the Online Safety Act'''
* [https://www.infolaw.co.uk/newsletter/2023/11/the-online-safety-act-2023-a-primer/ '''''The Online Safety Act 2023: a primer''''' at infolaw.co.uk], a 2023 primer on the Online Safety Act by Alex Heshmaty on 2023-11-29
* [https://www.epra.org/news_items/uk-the-online-safety-act-is-now-law-ofcom-s-powers-as-online-safety-regulator-have-officially-commenced '''''UK: The Online Safety Act is now law; Ofcom’s powers as online safety regulator have officially commenced''''' at epra.org] states that there will three successive implementation phases.

=== The Domestic Abuse Act 2021 Chapter 17, part 6 - Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films ===
'''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/contents/enacted Chapter 17] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/enacted Part 6 - ''Offences involving abusive or violent behaviour''] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted ''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films'' - ''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress'']

According to the UK-based [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/ '''Revenge Porn Helpline''' at revengepornhelpline.org.uk] article [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/ '''''What to do if someone is threatening to share your intimate images'''''] threats to share intimate images with the intent to cause distress is now an offense in UK law. This is included within the '''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' which was enacted into UK law on 29th June 2021.<ref>https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/</ref>

We don't know quite yet if the bug has been fixed, that if the pictures <u>are not pictures of you</u>, but [[synthetic human-like fakes]] the police cannot do anything.

'''Links'''
* [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted '''Domestic Abuse Act 2021''' / '''Chapter 17''' / '''Part 6''' / '''''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films''''' - '''''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress''''' at legislation.gov.uk]

=== Historical about the UK law against synthesis crimes ===

The UK law was not very up-to-date on the issue of synthetic filth until recent improvements.

The independent [[w:Law Commission (England and Wales)]] reviewed the law where it applies to taking, making and sharing intimate images without consent. The outcome of the consultation was due to be published later in 2021.<ref name="BBC2021">

{{cite web
|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-55546372
|title = 'Deepfake porn images still give me nightmares'
|last = Royle
|first = Sara
|date = 2021-01-05
|website = [[w:BBC Online]]
|publisher = [[w:BBC]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = She alerted the police to the images but was told that no action could be taken. Dr Aislinn O'Connell, a lecturer in law at Royal Holloway University of London, explained that Helen's case fell outside the current law.}}

</ref>

"In 2019, law expert Dr Aislinn O’Connell told [[w:The Independent]] that our current laws on image sharing are piecemeal and not fit for purpose. In October 2018 The [[w:Women and Equalities Committee]] called on the UK Government to introduce new legislation on image-based sexual abuse in order to '''criminalise ALL''' non-consensual creation and distribution of intimate sexual images."<ref name="MortPetition2020">

{{cite web
|url = https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images
|title = Change.org petition: 'Tighten regulation on taking, making and faking explicit images'
|last = Mort
|first = Helen
|date = 2020
|website = [[w:Change.org]]
|publisher = [[w:Change.org]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = Unlike other forms of revenge porn, creating pictures or videos like this is not yet illegal in the UK, though it is in some places in the US. The police were unable to help me.}}

</ref> This call is for similar laws as California put in place on January 1 2020.

----

= USA =

[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|thumb|right|200px|Various US states have enacted state laws aimed against synthetic human-like fakes and since May 2025 through the [[w:TAKE IT DOWN Act]] USA has federal legislation against this menace. Many other [[#Past bills in the USA|federal bills have been introduced in the USA]].]]

* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker}}
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024}}
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA}}

{{#lst:Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|cybercivilrights.org law compilations}}

See also:
* [[#Current bills in the USA|Current bills in the USA]] and [[#Past bills in the USA|past bills in the USA]]
* [https://www.congress.gov/legislative-process/introduction-and-referral-of-bills '''The Legislative Process: Introduction and Referral of Bills (Video)''' at congress.gov]
* {{#lst:Glossary|US-Congress-glossary}}

== Federal laws in the USA against synthesis crimes ==
=== US Senate Act S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
The [https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/146 '''''S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act''''' at congress.gov], a bipartisan act against non-consensual intimate image-based abuse, or in other words, against naked synthetic digital look-alikes and real image-based abuse. The long name for citing this act is '''''T'''ools to '''A'''ddress '''K'''nown '''E'''xploitation by '''I'''mmobilizing '''T'''echnological '''D'''eepfakes '''o'''n '''W'''ebsites and '''N'''etworks Act'''''.

It became federal law on Monday 2025-05-19. It was passed by the House of Representatives on Monday 2025-04-28. There is a one year delay on some of the requirements of the TAKE IT DOWN Act.

* In Wikipedia [[w:TAKE IT DOWN Act]]

* [https://rainn.org/policy/take-it-down-act '''''Take It Down Act''''' summary at rainn.org] - ''Criminalizing tech-enabled sexual abuse'' - ''Join us in celebrating this landmark victory for survivors of image-based sexual abuse!''
* [https://rainn.org/news/rainn-backed-%E2%80%9Ctake-it-down-act%E2%80%9D-passes-congress '''''RAINN-Backed “Take It Down Act” Passes Congress!''''' at rainn.org] - ''HISTORIC WIN FOR VICTIMS OF TECH-ENABLED SEXUAL ABUSE: RAINN-Backed “Take It Down Act” Passes Congress!''
* [https://apnews.com/article/take-it-down-deepfake-trump-melania-first-amendment-741a6e525e81e5e3d8843aac20de8615 '''''Take It Down Act, addressing nonconsensual deepfakes and ‘revenge porn,’ passes. What is it?''''' at apnews.com], 2025-04-28 reporting by Barbara Ortutay

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.npr.org/2025/04/28/nx-s1-5380236/take-it-down-act-melania-trump '''''Congress approves a revenge porn bill backed by first lady Melania Trump''''' at npr.org], 2025-04-28 reporting by Ayana Archie
* [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/house-take-it-down-act-vote-deepfake-pornography-victims/ '''''House passes "Take it Down Act," sending revenge porn bill backed by Melania Trump to president's desk''''' at cbsnews.com], 2025-04-28 reporting by Caitlin Yilek

== Law against synthesis crimes in Virginia 2019 ==
=== Code of Virginia § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty ===
[[File:Flag of Virginia.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Virginia]], an avant-garde state. Motto "[[w:Sic semper tyrannis]]"]]

<section begin=Virginia2019 />[[File:Marcus Simon.jpeg|thumb|right|108px|Homie [[w:Marcus Simon|w:Marcus Simon]] ([http://marcussimon.com/ marcussimon.com]) is a Member of the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] and a true pioneer in legislating against synthetic filth.]] Since July 1 2019<ref>

{{Cite web
| url=https://www.fauquier.com/news/new-state-laws-go-into-effect-july/article_6e2e16c8-96b7-11e9-88d0-83a8852ef3eb.html
| title=New state laws go into effect July 1
}}

</ref> [[w:Virginia]] [[w:criminalization|w:has criminalized]] the sale and dissemination of unauthorized synthetic pornography, but not the manufacture.<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515">
{{cite web
| url = https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/
| title = § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website =
| publisher = [[w:Virginia]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref>, as section [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ § 18.2-386.2 titled ''''''Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''''''] became part of the '''[[w:Code of Virginia]]'''.

[https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/ '''Code of Virginia''' (TOC)] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/ '''Title 18.2.''' Crimes and Offenses Generally] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/ '''Chapter 8.''' Crimes Involving Morals and Decency] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title18.2/chapter8/article5/ '''Article 5.''' Obscenity and Related Offenses] » '''Section''' [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ § '''18.2-386.2.''' Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty]

The [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ section '''§ 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''' of Virginia] is as follows:
<blockquote>
'''A'''. ''Any [[w:person]] who, with the [[w:Intention (criminal law)|w:intent]] to [[w:coercion|w:coerce]], [[w:harassment|w:harass]], or [[w:intimidation|w:intimidate]], [[w:Malice_(law)|w:malicious]]ly [[w:dissemination|w:disseminates]] or [[w:sales|w:sells]] any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever that [[w:Depiction|w:depicts]] another person who is totally [[w:nudity|w:nude]], or in a state of undress so as to expose the [[w:sex organs|w:genitals]], pubic area, [[w:buttocks]], or female [[w:breast]], where such person knows or has reason to know that he is not [[w:license]]d or [[w:authorization|w:authorized]] to disseminate or sell such [[w:Video|w:videographic]] or [[w:Film still|w:still image]] is [[w:Guilt (law)|w:guilty]] of a Class 1 [[w:Misdemeanor#United States|w:misdemeanor]]. ''
::For purposes of this subsection, "another person" includes a person whose image was used in creating, adapting, or modifying a videographic or still image with the intent to depict an actual person and who is recognizable as an actual person by the person's [[w:face]], [[w:Simulacrum|w:likeness]], or other distinguishing characteristic.''

'''B'''. ''If a person uses [[w:Service (economics)|w:services]] of an [[w:Internet service provider]], an electronic mail service provider, or any other information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server in committing acts prohibited under this section, such provider shall not be held responsible for violating this section for content provided by another person.''

'''C.''' ''Venue for a prosecution under this section may lie in the [[w:jurisdiction]] where the unlawful act occurs or where any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever is produced, reproduced, found, stored, received, or possessed in violation of this section.''

'''D.''' ''The provisions of this section shall not preclude prosecution under any other [[w:statute]].''<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515"/>

The identical bills were [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+HB2678 House Bill 2678] presented by [[w:Delegate (American politics)|w:Delegate]] [[w:Marcus Simon]] to the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] on January 14 2019 and three day later an identical [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+SB1736 Senate bill 1736] was introduced to the [[w:Senate of Virginia]] by Senator [[w:Adam Ebbin]].
</blockquote>
<section end=Virginia2019 />

== Law against synthesis crimes in Texas 2019 ==
=== Texas SB 751 - Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election ===
[[File:Flag of Texas.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Texas]], the Lone Star State has protected the political candidates, but not ordinary folk against synthetic filth.]]

<section begin=Texas2019 />On September 1 2019 [[w:Texas Senate]] bill [https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/86R/billtext/html/SB00751F.htm '''SB 751''' - '''''Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election'''''] [[w:amendment]]s to the election code came into effect in the [[w:Law of Texas]], giving [[w:candidates]] in [[w:elections]] a '''30-day protection period''' to the elections during which making and distributing digital look-alikes or synthetic fakes of the candidates is an offense. The law text defines the subject of the law as "''a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality''"<ref name="TexasSB751">

{{cite web
|url= https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751
|title= Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election
|last=
|first=
|date= 2019-06-14
|website=
|publisher= [[w:Texas]]
|access-date= 2021-01-23
|quote= In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality}}

</ref> SB 751 was introduced to the Senate by [[w:Bryan Hughes (politician)]].<ref name="Texas SB 751 history">https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751</ref>

<section end=Texas2019 />

The text of '''S.B. No. 751''' is as follows
<blockquote>
'''''AN ACT relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election.'''''

''BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:''

SECTION 1. ''[https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/EL/htm/EL.255.htm Section 255.004, Election Code], is [[w:Amend (motion)|w:amended]] by adding Subsections (d) and (e) to read as follows:''
* ('''d''') ''A person commits an offense if the person, with intent to injure a candidate or influence the result of an election:''
*# '''''creates''' a [[w:deepfake|deep fake]] video; and''
*# ''causes the deep fake video to be '''published''' or '''distributed''' within '''30 days''' of an '''election'''.''
* ('''e''') ''In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the '''intent to deceive''', that '''appears to depict''' a real person performing an action that '''did not occur''' in '''reality'''.''
SECTION 2. ''This Act takes effect September 1, 2019.''
</blockquote>
----

* [[w:Texas Legislature]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in California 2020 ==
=== California AB-602 - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action ===
[[File:Flag of California.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:California]] moved later than Virginia, but it outlawed also the manufacture of synthetic filth on Jan 1 2020.]]

<section begin=California2020 />[[File:Marc Berman.jpg|thumb|120px|right|Homie [[w:Marc Berman|w:Marc Berman]], a righteous fighter for our human rights in this age of industrial disinformation filth and an Assemblymember of the [[w:California State Assembly]], most loved for authoring [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 '''AB-602''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''], which came into effect on Jan 1 2020, banning both the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted.]] January 1 2020 <ref name="KFI2019">

{{cite web
|url= https://kfiam640.iheart.com/content/2019-12-30-here-are-the-new-california-laws-going-into-effect-in-2020/
|title= Here Are the New California Laws Going Into Effect in 2020
|last= Johnson
|first= R.J.
|date= 2019-12-30
|website= [[KFI]]
|publisher= [[iHeartMedia]]
|access-date= 2021-01-23
|quote=}}

</ref> the [[w:California]] [[w:State law (United States)|w:US state law]] '''[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 "AB-602 ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''."]''' came into effect in the [[w:California Civil Code|civil code]] of the [[w:California Codes]] banning the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted. AB-602 provides victims of synthetic pornography with [[w:injunction|w:injunctive relief]] and poses legal threats of [[w:statutory damages|w:statutory]] and [[w:punitive damages]] on [[w:criminal]]s making or distributing synthetic pornography without consent. The bill AB-602 was signed into law by California [[w:Governor (United States)|w:Governor]] [[w:Gavin Newsom]] on October 3 2019 and was authored by [[w:California State Assembly]]member [[w:Marc Berman]] and an identical Senate bill was coauthored by [[w:California State Senate|w:California Senator]] [[w:Connie Leyva]].<ref name="OpenStates AB 602">

{{cite web
|url=https://openstates.org/ca/bills/20192020/AB602/
|title=AB 602 - California Assembly Bill 2019-2020 Regular Session - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action.
|last=
|first=
|date=
|website=openstates.org
|publisher=openstates.org
|access-date=2021-03-24
|quote=}}

</ref><ref name="CNET2019">

{{cite web
| last = Mihalcik
| first = Carrie
| title = California laws seek to crack down on deepfakes in politics and porn
| website = [[w:cnet.com]]
| publisher = [[w:CNET]]
| date = 2019-10-04
| url = https://www.cnet.com/news/california-laws-seek-to-crack-down-on-deepfakes-in-politics-and-porn/
| access-date = 2021-01-23
}}

</ref> [https://trackbill.com/bill/california-assembly-bill-602-depiction-of-individual-using-digital-or-electronic-technology-sexually-explicit-material-cause-of-action/1690501/ AB602 at trackbill.com]
<section end=California2020 />

[[File:Connie Leyva 2015.jpg|thumb|right|240px|[[w:California]] [[w:California State Senate|w:Senator]] [[w:Connie Leyva]] sponsored [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB564&showamends=false '''California Senate Bill SB 564''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''] in Feb '''2019''' and the Senate Bill was [https://www.sagaftra.org/action-alert-support-california-bill-end-deepfake-porn endorsed by SAG-AFTRA], but the Assembly Bill AB-602 authored by [[w:California State Assembly]]member [[w:Marc Berman]] was the one that became law on 1 January 2020 in the [[w:California Civil Code|w:California Civil Code]] of the [[w:California Codes]].]]

'''Introduction''' by [https://a24.asmdc.org/ Assemblymember Marc Berman]:

'''AB 602''', Berman. '''''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action'''''.

Existing law creates a private [[w:Cause of action|w:right of action]] against a person who intentionally distributes a photograph or recorded image of another that exposes the intimate body parts of that person or of a person engaged in a sexual act '''without the person’s consent''' if specified conditions are met.

This bill would provide that a '''depicted individual''', as defined, has a '''[[w:cause of action]] against''' a person who '''either'''
* (1) '''creates''' and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material if the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted''' individual '''did not [[w:consent]]''' to its creation or disclosure or
* (2) who '''intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create if the person knows the '''depicted''' individual '''did not consent''' to its creation.

The bill would specify exceptions to those provisions, including if the material is a matter of legitimate public concern or a work of political or newsworthy value.

The bill would authorize a prevailing [[w:plaintiff]] who suffers harm to seek [[w:Injunction|w:injunctive]] relief and recover reasonable [[w:attorney’s fee]]s and costs as well as specified monetary [[w:damages]], including [[w:Statutory damages|statutory]] and [[w:punitive damages]].

'''The law is as follows''':
<blockquote>
SECTION 1. Section 1708.86 is added to the [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codesTOCSelected.xhtml?tocCode=CIV&tocTitle=+Civil+Code+-+CIV Civil Code of California], to read:

'''1708.86.''' ('''a''') '''For purposes of this section''':
* (1) “''Altered depiction''” means a performance that was actually performed by the depicted individual but was subsequently altered to be in violation of this section.
* (2) “''Authorized Representative''” means an attorney, talent agent, or personal manager authorized to represent a depicted individual if the depicted individual is represented.
* (3) (A) “''Consent''” means an agreement written in plain language signed knowingly and voluntarily by the depicted individual that includes a general description of the sexually explicit material and the audiovisual work in which it will be incorporated.
* (3) (B) A depicted individual may rescind consent by delivering written notice within three business days from the date consent was given to the person in whose favor consent was made, unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:
:**(i) The depicted individual is given at least 72 hours to review the terms of the agreement before signing it.
:**(ii) The depicted individual’s authorized representative provides written approval of the signed agreement.
* (4) “''Depicted individual''” means an individual who appears, as a result of digitization, to be giving a performance they did not actually perform or to be performing in an altered depiction.
* (5) “''Despicable conduct''” means conduct that is so vile, base, or contemptible that it would be looked down on and despised by a reasonable person.
* (6) “''Digitization''” means to realistically depict any of the following:
** (A) The nude body parts of another human being as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
** (B) Computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
** (C) The depicted individual engaging in sexual conduct in which the depicted individual did not engage.
* (7) “''Disclose''” means to publish, make available, or distribute to the public.
* (8) “''Individual''” means a natural person.
* (9) “''Malice''” means that the defendant acted with intent to cause harm to the plaintiff or despicable conduct that was done with a willful and knowing disregard of the rights of the plaintiff. A person acts with knowing disregard within the meaning of this paragraph when they are aware of the probable harmful consequences of their conduct and deliberately fail to avoid those consequences.
* (10) “''Nude''” means visible genitals, pubic area, anus, or a female’s postpubescent nipple or areola.
* (11) “''Person''” means a human being or legal entity.
* (12) “''Plaintiff''” includes cross-plaintiff.
* (13) “''Sexual conduct''” means any of the following:
** (A) Masturbation.
** (B) Sexual intercourse, including genital, oral, or anal, whether between persons regardless of sex or gender or between humans and animals.
** (C) Sexual penetration of the vagina or rectum by, or with, an object.
** (D) The transfer of semen by means of sexual conduct from the penis directly onto the depicted individual as a result of ejaculation.
** (E) Sadomasochistic abuse involving the depicted individual.
(14) “''Sexually explicit material''” means any portion of an audiovisual work that shows the depicted individual performing in the nude or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct.

('''b''') '''A depicted individual has a cause of action against''' a person who does '''either of the following''':
* (1) '''Creates and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material''' and the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted individual''' in that material '''did not consent''' to its creation or disclosure.
* (2) '''Intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create and the person knows the depicted individual in that material '''did not consent''' to the creation of the sexually explicit material.

('''c''') (1) A person is '''not liable''' under this section in either of the following circumstances:
* (A) The person discloses the sexually explicit material in the course of any of the following:
:** (i) Reporting unlawful activity.
:** (ii) Exercising the person’s law enforcement duties.
:**(iii) Hearings, trials, or other legal proceedings.
* (B) The material is any of the following:
:** (i) A matter of legitimate public concern.
:** (ii) A work of political or newsworthy value or similar work.
:** (iii) Commentary, criticism, or disclosure that is otherwise protected by the California Constitution or the United States Constitution.
* (2) For purposes of this subdivision, sexually explicit material is not of newsworthy value solely because the depicted individual is a public figure.

('''d''') It shall not be a defense to an action under this section that there is a disclaimer included in the sexually explicit material that communicates that the inclusion of the depicted individual in the sexually explicit material was unauthorized or that the depicted individual did not participate in the creation or development of the material.

('''e''') (1) A prevailing plaintiff who suffers harm as a result of the violation of subdivision (b) may recover any of the following:
* (A) An amount equal to the monetary gain made by the defendant from the creation, development, or disclosure of the sexually explicit material.
* (B) One of the following:
:** (i) Economic and noneconomic damages proximately caused by the disclosure of the sexually explicit material, including damages for emotional distress.
:** (ii) Upon request of the plaintiff at any time before the final judgment is rendered, the plaintiff may instead recover an award of statutory damages for all unauthorized acts involved in the action, with respect to any one work, as follows:
:** (I) A sum of not less than one thousand five hundred dollars ($1,500) but not more than thirty thousand dollars ($30,000).
:** (II) If the unlawful act was committed with malice, the award of statutory damages may be increased to a maximum of one hundred fifty thousand dollars ($150,000).
* (C) Punitive damages.
* (D) Reasonable attorney’s fees and costs.
* (E) Any other available relief, including injunctive relief.
(2) The remedies provided by this section are cumulative and shall not be construed as restricting a remedy that is available under any other law.

('''f''') An action under this section shall be commenced no later than three years from the date the unauthorized creation, development, or disclosure was discovered or should have been discovered with the exercise of reasonable diligence.

('''g''') The provisions of this section are severable. If any provision of this section or its application is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions.
</blockquote>
<ref name="CaliforniaStateLaw AB 602">
{{Citation
| title = "AB-602 Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action."
| first = Marc
| last = Berman
| author-link = w:Marc Berman
| first2 = Connie
| last2 = Leyva
| author2-link = w:Connie Leyva
| series =
| year = 2019
| publisher = [[w:California]]
| url = https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602
}}

</ref>

----

* [[w:California State Legislature]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in Georgia in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of Georgia (U.S. state) II.png|thumb|right|200px|Georgia's motto is ''"Wisdom, Justice, Moderation"'' and one could say it is well manifested in how their law against synthetic filth [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html '''GA CODE § 16-11-90'''] is thought out and written.]]
=== Georgia Code § 16-11-90 ===

'''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/ Georgia Code]''' / '''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ Title 16. Crimes and Offenses]''' [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html Chapter 11 "Offenses Against Public Order and Safety", Article 3 "Invasions of Privacy", Part 3 "Invasion of privacy" '''GA CODE § 16-11-90''']
<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list">https://cybercivilrights.org/deep-fake-laws/</ref>

'''The law is''' as of April 14, 2021<ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com" /> as follows:
<blockquote>
('''a''') As used in this Code section, the term:

* ('''1''') “''Harassment''” means engaging in conduct directed at a depicted person that is intended to cause substantial emotional harm to the depicted person.

* ('''2''') “''Nudity''” means:

::* (A) The showing of the human male or female genitals, pubic area, or buttocks without any covering or with less than a full opaque covering;

::* (B) The showing of the female breasts without any covering or with less than a full opaque covering; or

::* (C) The depiction of covered male genitals in a discernibly turgid state.

* ('''3''') “''Sexually explicit conduct” shall have the same meaning as set forth in Code Section 16-12-100 .

('''b''') '''A person violates this Code section if he or she, knowing the content of a transmission or post, knowingly and without the consent of the depicted person''':

* ('''1''') '''Electronically transmits or posts''', in one or more transmissions or posts, a photograph or video which depicts nudity or sexually explicit conduct of an adult, '''including a falsely created videographic or still image''', when the transmission or post is harassment or causes financial loss to the depicted person and serves no legitimate purpose to the depicted person; or

* ('''2''') '''Causes the electronic transmission or posting''', in one or more transmissions or posts, of a photograph or video which depicts nudity or sexually explicit conduct of an adult, '''including a falsely created videographic or still image''', when the transmission or post is harassment or causes financial loss to the depicted person and serves no legitimate purpose to the depicted person.

:Nothing in this Code section shall be construed to impose liability on an interactive computer service, as such term is defined in 47 U.S.C. 230(f)(2) , or an information service or telecommunications service, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. 153 , for content provided by another person.

('''c''') Any person who violates this Code section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of a high and aggravated nature; provided, however, that upon a second or subsequent violation of this Code section, he or she shall be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by imprisonment of not less than one nor more than five years, a fine of not more than $100,000.00, or both.

('''d''') A person shall be '''subject to prosecution in this state''' pursuant to Code Section 17-2-1 for any conduct made unlawful by this Code section which the person engages in while:

* ('''1''') '''Either within''' or '''outside of this state''' if, by such conduct, the person commits a violation of this Code section which involves an '''individual who resides in this state'''; or

* ('''2''') '''Within this state''' if, by such conduct, the person commits a violation of this Code section which involves an '''individual who resides within or outside this state'''.

('''e''') The provisions of subsection (b) of this Code section shall not apply to:

* ('''1''') The activities of law enforcement and prosecution agencies in the investigation and prosecution of criminal offenses;

* ('''2''') Legitimate medical, scientific, or educational activities;

* ('''3''') Any person who transmits or posts a photograph or video depicting only himself or herself engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct;

* ('''4''') The transmission or posting of a photograph or video that was originally made for commercial purposes;

* ('''5''') Any person who transmits or posts a photograph or video depicting a person voluntarily engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct in a public setting; or

* ('''6''') A transmission that is made pursuant to or in anticipation of a civil action.

('''f''') There shall be a rebuttable presumption that an information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server, including specifically a service or system that provides access to the Internet, for content provided by another person, does not know the content of an electronic transmission or post.

('''g''') Any violation of this Code section shall constitute a separate offense and shall not merge with any other crimes set forth in this title.</blockquote><ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com">

{{cite web
|url=https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html
|title=Georgia Code Title 16. Crimes and Offenses § 16-11-90
|last=
|first=
|date=2021-04-14
|website=[[w:FindLaw]]
|publisher=[[w:Georgia (U.S. state)]]
|access-date=2022-01-04
|quote=}}

</ref>

== Law against synthesis crimes in New York State in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of New York.svg|thumb|right|200px|New York State]]
=== New York State - CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy SECTION 52-C - Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual ===
[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/-CH6 '''CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights'''] [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/A5 '''ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual '''SECTION 52-C''' - '''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual''']<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list" />

'''The law is as follows:'''
<blockquote>
<big>'''§ 52-c''' - '''''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual.''''' </big><sup>Obs: There are 2 § 52-c's</sup>

'''1. For the purposes of this section:'''

* '''a.''' "'''''depicted individual'''''" means an individual who '''appears''', as a result of digitization, '''to be giving a performance they did not actually perform''' or '''to be performing in a performance that was actually performed by the depicted individual but was subsequently altered to be in violation of this section'''.

* '''b.''' "'''''digitization'''''" means to '''realistically depict the nude body parts of another human being as the nude body parts of the depicted individual''', '''computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the depicted individual''' or the '''depicted individual engaging in sexual conduct''', as defined in subdivision ten of section 130.00 of the penal law, '''in which the depicted individual did not engage'''.

* '''c.''' "''individual''" means a natural person.

* '''d.''' "''person''" means a human being or legal entity.

* '''e.''' "''sexually explicit material''" means any portion of an audio visual work that shows the depicted individual performing in the nude, meaning with an unclothed or exposed intimate part, as defined in section 245.15 of the penal law, or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct, as defined in subdivision ten of section 130.00 of the penal law.

'''2. a.''' A depicted individual shall have a '''cause of action''' against a person who, '''discloses''', '''disseminates''' or '''publishes''' sexually explicit material related to the depicted individual, and the person knows or reasonably should have known the depicted individual in that material '''did not consent''' to its '''creation''', disclosure, dissemination, or publication.

* '''b.''' It shall '''not be a defense''' to an action under this section that '''there is a disclaimer''' in the sexually explicit material that communicates that the inclusion of the depicted individual in the sexually explicit material was unauthorized or that the depicted individual did not participate in the creation or development of the material.

'''3. a.''' A depicted individual may only consent to the creation, disclosure, dissemination, or publication of sexually explicit material by knowingly and voluntarily signing an agreement written in plain language that includes a general description of the sexually explicit material and the audiovisual work in which it will be incorporated.

* '''b.''' A depicted individual may rescind consent by delivering written notice within three business days from the date consent was given to the person in whose favor consent was made, unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:

:* i. the depicted individual is given at least three business days to review the terms of the agreement before signing it; or

:* ii. if the depicted individual is represented, the attorney, talent agent, or personal manager authorized to represent the depicted individual provides additional written approval of the signed agreement.

'''4. a.''' A person is not liable under this section if:

:* i. the person discloses, disseminates or publishes the sexually explicit material in the course of reporting unlawful activity, exercising the person's law enforcement duties, or hearings, trials or other legal proceedings; or

:* ii. the sexually explicit material is a matter of legitimate public concern, a work of political or newsworthy value or similar work, or commentary, criticism or disclosure that is otherwise protected by the constitution of this state or the United States; provided that sexually explicit material shall not be considered of newsworthy value solely because the depicted individual is a public figure.

'''5.''' In any action commenced pursuant to this section, the finder of fact, in its discretion, '''may award injunctive relief''', '''punitive damages''', '''compensatory damages''', and '''reasonable court costs''' and '''attorney's fees'''.

'''6.''' A cause of action or special proceeding under this section shall be commenced the later of either:

* '''a.''' three years after the dissemination or publication of sexually explicit material; or

* '''b.''' one year from the date a person discovers, or reasonably should have discovered, the dissemination or publication of such sexually explicit material.

'''7.''' Nothing in this section shall be read to require a prior criminal complaint, prosecution or conviction to establish the elements of the cause of action provided for in this section.

'''8.''' The provisions of this section including the remedies are in addition to, and shall not supersede, any other rights or remedies available in law or equity.

'''9.''' If any provision of this section or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of this section which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this section are severable.

'''10.''' Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit, or to enlarge, the protections that 47 U.S.C. § 230 confers on an interactive
computer service for content provided by another information content provider, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. § 230.</blockquote><ref name="New York State Civil Rights CHAPTER 6, ARTICLE 5, SECTION 52-C">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual
|title= SECTION 52-C Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual
|last=
|first=
|date=2021-11-12
|website=nysenate.gov
|publisher=[[w:New York State Legislature]]
|access-date=2021-01-04
|quote=}}

</ref>

== Law against synthesis crimes in Florida 2025 ==
[https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2025/1161/?Tab=BillHistory '''''CS/CS/HB 1161: Removal of Altered Sexual Depictions Posted without Consent''''' at flsenate.gov] is set to become law in 2025

'''Reporting'''
* [https://floridapolitics.com/archives/733939-brookes-law-giving-deepfake-victims-recourse-against-platforms-will-head-to-governors-desk/ '''''‘Brooke’s Law,’ giving deepfake victims recourse against platforms, heads to Governor’s desk''''' at floridapolitics.com], April 2025 reporting by A.G. Gancarski

== Current bills in the USA ==

== 119th Congress ==
=== Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2025 (DEFIANCE Act of 2025) (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1837 '''''Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2025 (DEFIANCE Act of 2025)''''' at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of the US Senate bill S. 3696 - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images and Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024 (DEFIANCE Act of 2024) (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3696/text '''''S.3696 - DEFIANCE Act of 2024''''' at congress.gov], a bipartisan Senate bill against synthetic filth.

* [https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record/volume-170/issue-17/senate-section/article/S289-2 '''''Introductory Statement on S. 3696; Congressional Record Vol. 170, No. 17''''' at congress.gov] 2024-01-30
* [https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/press/releases/durbin-graham-klobuchar-hawley-introduce-defiance-act-to-hold-accountable-those-responsible-for-the-proliferation-of-nonconsensual-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-and-videos '''''Durbin, Graham, Klobuchar, Hawley Introduce DEFIANCE Act to Hold Accountable Those Responsible for the Proliferation of Nonconsensual, Sexually-Explicit “Deepfake” Images and Videos''''' at judiciary.senate.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>
* [https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118s3696is '''''S. 3696 (IS) - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024''''' at govinfo.gov]
* [https://www.durbin.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/defiance_act_of_2024.pdf '''DEFIANCE Act of 2024''' at durbin.senate.gov] explains that it would create ''a federal civil remedy for victims who are identifiable in a “digital forgery"''.

'''Reporting and commentary on DEFIANCE Act of 2024 bill'''
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/jan/30/taylor-swift-ai-deepfake-nonconsensual-sexual-images-bill '''''Taylor Swift AI images prompt US bill to tackle nonconsensual, sexual deepfakes''''' at theguardian.com]
* [https://www.theverge.com/2024/1/30/24056385/congress-defiance-act-proposed-ban-nonconsensual-ai-porn '''''Lawmakers propose anti-nonconsensual AI porn bill after Taylor Swift controversy''''' at theverge.com]

=== Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===

[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1027/text '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act)''''' at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of US House bill H.R.7123 - Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7123/text?s=1&r=3 '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-of-artificial-intelligence/the-terrifying-ai-scam-that-uses-your-loved-ones-voice</ref>

=== H.R.1941 - Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
This is a reintroduction of the older US House bill H.R. 3106 - Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3106/text '''''Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act''''' at congress.gov] was introduced in the House on 2023-05-05. It was [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/9631 a reintroduction of H.R. 9631 from the 117th Congress].

== State bills ==
=== NY Senate bill S6278 in the 2025-2026 regular session ===
This bill was reintroduced as [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S6278 S6278] to the 2025-2026 session.

[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S5583 '''NY Senate bill S5583 in the 2023-2024 regular session''' at nysenate.gov] would establish ''the crime of aggravated harassment by means of electronic or digital communication and provides for a private right of action for the unlawful dissemination or publication of deep fakes''.

== Past bills in the USA ==

=== US House bill H.R.6943 - No AI FRAUD Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6943/text '''No Artificial Intelligence Fake Replicas And Unauthorized Duplications Act of 2024''' or the ('''No AI FRAUD Act''') at congress.gov] was introduced to the 118th Congress 2nd session on 2024-01-24.<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>

=== US House bill H.R.5586 - Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023 (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5586/text “Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023” or the “DEEPFAKES Accountability Act” at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of earlier House bill H.R.3230 to the 118th Congress (2023-2024 session)

=== US Senate bill S1641 - Preventing Rampant Online Technological Exploitation and Criminal Trafficking Act of 2022 - (117th Congress) ===
The bill known as [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/4991/text?r=4&s=1 Senate bill '''S.4991''' - ''''''PROTECT Act'''''' at congress.gov] was read by Senator [[w:Mike Lee]] on Wednesday 2022-09-28 twice.

=== New York Senate bill - Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material - in regular session 2021-2022 ===
[[File:Flag of New York (1909–2020).png|thumb|right|200px|[[w:New York State Legislature]] regular session 2021-2022 is contemplating the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York senate bill '''S1641'''] and identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 assembly bill '''A6517'''] to ban sending unsolicited pornography.]]

Bill '''''Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material'''''' is essentially a bill that aims to ban sending unsolicited nudes.

In the 2021-2022 [[w:New York State Senate]] regular sessions, on 2021-01-14 Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored and Senators [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) and [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] of the New York State Senate co-sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law]. On 2021-03-19 an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] was introduced to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] by Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]).<ref group="1st seen in">

First seen in the [https://trackbill.com/search/#/related=%7B%22id%22:%221690501%22,%22state%22:%22CA%22,%22session%22:%222019%22,%22billId%22:%22AB602%22%7D&direction=desc&page=1&resultsPerPage=25&sort=relevancy&tracked&upcoming_hearings&type=bills&state=all&session suggestions for similar bills for Bills similar to CA AB602 by trackbill.com].

</ref>

If this bill passes it will be codified in the [[w:Consolidated Laws of New York]]. View the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York''' at nysenate.gov].

* '''Title of bill''': ''An act to amend the penal law, in relation to the creation of the criminal offense of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''

* '''Purpose''': ''The purpose of this bill is to make it unlawful to send sexually explicit material through electronic means unless the material is sent at the request of, or with the express consent of the recipient.''

* '''Summary of provisions''': Adds a '''new section 250.70''' to the penal law making it ''unlawful to knowingly transmit by electronic means visual material that depicts any person engaging in sexual conduct or with a person's intimate parts exposed unless the material is sent at the request of, or with the express consent of the recipient.

* '''Justification''': ''Currently under New York State law, indecent exposure in person is a crime, but it is not unlawful to send sexually explicit photos to nonconsenting adult recipients through electronic transmission. With the growing modem age of online dating, many individuals are receiving sexually explicit visual content without their consent from strangers. No person should be forced to view sexually explicit material without their consent.''

''The bill offers a clear deterrent to those considering sending unsolicited sexual pics and similar inappropriate conduct, and protects the
unwilling recipients who currently have no legal recourse for such abuses.

''What is illegal in the real world must be illegal in the digital world, and this legislation is a first step in the right direction in adding that accountability.''

* '''Legislative history''':
*# Senate - 2020 - S5949 Referred to Codes
*# Assembly - 2020 - A7801 Referred to Codes

* '''Fiscal implications''': ''Minimal''

* '''Effective date''': ''This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law.''

The text of the bill is, as of 2021-03-24, as follows:

:"Section 1. The penal law is amended by adding a new section 250.70 to read as follows:

:'''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL'''''.

:A person is guilty of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material if a person knowingly transmits by electronic means visual material that depicts any person engaging in sexual conduct or with a person's intimate parts exposed or depicts the covered genitals of a male person that are in a discernibly turgid state and such visual material is not sent at the request of or with the express consent of the recipient. For purposes of this section the term "intimate parts" means the naked genitals, pubic area, anus, or female postpubescent nipple of the person and the term "sexual conduct" shall have the same meaning as defined in [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/130.00 section 130.00 (Sex offenses; definitions of terms)] of this chapter. Unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material is a class a misdemeanor.

:'''§ 2'''. This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law."

----
<gallery>
File:Nopic.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law].
File:LIRR Elmont, Brian Benjamin (cropped).jpg|thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Todd_Kaminsky_Head_Shot.jpg||thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Aileen_Gunther.jpg|thumb|260px|NY Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]) presented an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] on 2021-03-19.
* [[w:New York State Legislature]]
</gallery>

=== US Senate bill - Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - 2019-2020 US Senate session (116th Congress) ===
The Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act (SISE) was a bill introduced to the 2019-2020 session of the US Senate.
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/5054?r=1&s=1 US Senate Bill ''''''S.5054''' - '''Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''''' at congress.gov]

=== US House bill - H.R.3230 - DEEP FAKES Accountability Act (116th Congress) ===

* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230/text '''H.R.3230''' - '''''DEEP FAKES Accountability Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> also known as ''Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2019'' and it aimed to include requirements for producers of synthetic human-like fakes '' to generally comply with certain [[w:Digital watermarking|w:digital watermark]] and disclosure requirements''.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230</ref>

=== US Senate bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress) ===
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/3805/text '''S.3805''' - '''''Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry">
Chatting with ChatGPT 2023

* First I asked ChatGPT to "''list some legislative approaches against so-called "deep fakes" or "deepfakes"''" and it mentioned the Singaporean [[#Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]] and the [[#Bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress)]]

</ref> aimed at criminalizing synthesizing human-likeness media for intent of breaking federal, state, local or tribal law

----

----

= Law proposals =
== Law proposals against synthetic filth by [[User:Juho Kunsola|Juho Kunsola]] ==

* '''Audience''': Developed with suitability for national, supranational and UN treaty levels.
* '''Writing context''':
** Written from context of inclusion to '''criminal codes'''.
** I'm a Finn so this has been worded to fit in the [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1889/18890039001#L24 Chapter 24 of the Criminal Code of Finland (in Finnish at finlex.fi)] titled "''Offences against privacy, public peace and personal reputation''"
** [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039 Access the English translations of the Finnish Criminal Code at finlex.fi] or [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039_20150766.pdf go straight to the latest .pdf from 2016]. Chapter 24 starts on page 107.
* '''History''': This version is an evolution of a Finnish language original written in 2016.

[[File:Suomen lippu valokuva.png|right|thumb|260px|[[w:Finland]] has very logical and very [https://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/ accessible laws], but also here we need updating of the laws for this age of industrial disinformation.]]

Existing law in <big>Chapter 24. of the Finnish Criminal Code - "''Offences against privacy, public peace and personal reputation''"</big> seems to be ineffective against many [[synthetic human-like fakes|synthetic human-like fake attack]] and seems it could be used to frame victims for crimes with [[synthetic human-like fakes#Digital sound-alikes|digital sound-alikes]].

The portions affected by or affecting the synthetic filth situation in bold font:

* Section 1 - Invasion of domestic premises (879/2013)
* Section 1(a) - '''Harassing communications''' (879/2013)
* Section 2 - Aggravated invasion of domestic premises (531/2000)
* Section 3 - Invasion of public premises (585/2005)
* Section 4 - Aggravated invasion of public premises (531/2000)
* Section 5 - '''Eavesdropping''' (531/2000)
* Section 6 - '''Illicit observation''' (531/2000)
* Section 7 - '''Preparation of eavesdropping or illicit observation''' (531/2000)
* Section 8 - '''Dissemination of information violating personal privacy''' (879/2013)
* Section 8(a) - '''Aggravated dissemination of information violating personal privacy''' (879/2013)
* Section 9 - '''Defamation''' (879/2013)
* Section 10 - '''Aggravated defamation''' (879/2013)
* Section 11 - Definition (531/2000)
* Section 12 - '''Right to bring charges''' (879/2013)
* Section 13 - '''Corporate criminal liability''' (511/2011)

[[File:The-diffuse-reflection-deducted-from-the-specular-reflection-Debevec-2000.png|thumb|right|260px|Subtraction of the diffuse reflection from the specular reflection. Image is scaled for luminocity. Diffuse reflection is acquired by placing polarizers in 90 degree angle and specular with 0 degree angle.
<br /><br />
[[:File:Deb-2000-reflectance-separation.png|Original picture]] by [[w:Paul Debevec|Debevec]] et al. - Copyright ACM 2000 https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=311779.344855]]

=== Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth ===

==== §1 Models of human appearance ====

A '''model of human appearance''' means
::* A realistic '''3D model'''
::* A '''[[Glossary#Bidirectional reflectance distribution function|7D bidirectional reflectance distribution function]] model'''
::* A '''direct-to-2D''' capable [[w:machine learning]] model
::* Or a model made with any technology whatsoever, that looks deceivingly like the target person.

==== §2 Producing synthetic pornography ====
Making '''projections''', still or videographic, where targets are portrayed in a '''nude''' or in a '''sexual situation''' from models of human appearance defined in §1 '''without express consent''' of the targets is '''illegal'''.

==== §3 Distributing synthetic pornography ====
'''Distributing''', '''making available''', '''public display''', '''purchase''', '''sale''', '''yielding''', '''import''' and '''export''' of non-authorized '''synthetic pornography''' defined in §2 are '''punishable'''.<ref group="footnote">People who are found in possession of this synthetic pornography should probably not be penalized, but rather advised to get some help.</ref>

==== §4 Aggravated producing and distributing synthetic pornography ====
If the media described in §2 or §3 is made or distributed with the '''intent''' to '''frame for a crime''' or for '''blackmail''', the crime should be judged as '''aggravated'''.

==== Afterwords ====
The original idea I had was to ban both the raw materials i.e. the models to make the visual synthetic filth and also the end product weaponized synthetic pornography, but then in July 2019 it appeared to me that [[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]] could really help in this age of industrial disinformation if it were built, trained and operational. Banning modeling of human appearance was in conflict with the revised plan.

It is safe to assume that collecting permissions to model each pornographic recording is not plausible, so an interesting question is that can we ban covert modeling from non-pornographic pictures, while still retaining the ability to model all porn found on the Internet.

In case we want to pursue banning modeling people's appearance from non-pornographic images/videos without explicit permission be pursued it must be <font color="green">formulated</font> so that this <font color="red">'''does not make'''</font> <big>'''[[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]]'''</big> <font color="red">illegal</font> / <font color="red">impossible</font>. This would seem to lead to a weird situation where modeling a human from non-pornographic media would be illegal, but modeling from pornography legal.

=== Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice ===
{{#ev:youtube|0sR1rU3gLzQ|360px|right|[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sR1rU3gLzQ Video 'This AI Clones Your Voice After Listening for 5 Seconds' by '2 minute papers' at YouTube] describes the voice thieving machine by Google Research in [[w:NeurIPS|w:NeurIPS]] 2018.}}

'''Motivation''': The current situation where the criminals can freely trade and grow their libraries of stolen voices is unwise.

==== §1 Unauthorized modeling of a human voice ====
'''Acquiring''' such a '''model of a human's voice''', that '''deceptively resembles''' some '''dead''' or '''living''' person's voice and the '''possession''', '''purchase''', '''sale''', '''yielding''', '''import''' and '''export''' '''without''' the '''express consent''' of the target are '''punishable'''.

==== §2 Application of unauthorized voice models ====
'''Producing''' and '''making available''' media from covert voice models defined in §1 is '''punishable'''.

==== §3 Aggravated application of unauthorized voice models ====
If the produced media is for a '''purpose''' to
::* '''frame''' a '''human''' target or targets for '''crimes'''
::* to attempt '''extortion''' or
::* to '''defame the target''',
the crime should be judged as '''aggravated'''.

----

= Resources and reporting on law =

== AI and law in general ==

[[File:LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg|thumb|right|340px|[[w:Library of Congress]] ([https://loc.gov/ loc.gov]) reading room]]

''' Reviews and regulation '''
From the '''[[w:Library of Congress]]''':

* [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/index.php ''''''Regulation of Artificial Intelligence'''''' at loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/compsum.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Comparative Summary' at loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/international.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: International and Regional Approaches' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/americas.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: The Americas and the Caribbean' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/asia-pacific.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: East/South Asia and the Pacific' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/europe-asia.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Europe and Central Asia' loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/middleeast-northafrica.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Middle East and North Africa' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/africa.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Sub-Saharan Africa' (loc.gov)]

'''[[w:Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher|w:Gibson Dunn & Crutcher]]''' (gibsondunn.com) publishes a quarterly legal update on 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems'. Gibson Dunn & Crutcher is a global [[w:law firm|w:law firm]], founded in Los Angeles in 1890.
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-4q18/ ''''''Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update'''''' Quarter 4 2018 at Gibson & Dunn]
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-1q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 1 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-2q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 2 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-3q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 3 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-automated-systems-legal-update-4q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 4 2019']

''' From Europe'''
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|180px|The [[w:European Union]]'s [[w:European Parliament|Parliament]]'s [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] on [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives].]]
* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf ''''''The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives'''''' (.pdf) at europarl.europa.eu], a March 2020 study by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] Starting from page 37 the .pdf lists organizations in the field.

== Synthetic filth in the law and media ==
* [https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4409&context=vlr ''''''"The New Weapon of Choice": Law's Current Inability to Properly Address Deepfake Pornography'''''' at scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu], October 2020 Notes by Anne Pechenik Gieseke published in the The [[w:Vanderbilt Law Review]], the flagship [[w:academic journal]] of [[w:Vanderbilt University Law School]].
* [https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/07/08/deepfakes-and-synthetic-media-in-financial-system-assessing-threat-scenarios-pub-82237 ''''''Deepfakes and Synthetic Media in the Financial System: Assessing Threat Scenarios'''''' at carnegieendowment.org], a 2020-07-08 assessment identifies some types of criminalities that can be made using [[synthetic human-like fakes]].
* [https://ssri.duke.edu/news/don%E2%80%99t-believe-your-eyes-or-ears-weaponization-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-and ''''''Don’t Believe Your Eyes (or Ears): The Weaponization of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deepfakes'''''' at ssri.duke.edu], an October 2019 news article by Joe Littell, published by the Social Science Research Institute at the [[w:Duke University]]
* [https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/dltr/vol17/iss1/4/ ''''''Deepfakes: False Pornography Is Here and the Law Cannot Protect You'''''' at scholarship.law.duke.edu], published in 2019 in the [[w:Duke Law Journal|Duke Law Journal]], a student-run law review.
* [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-20/deepfake-porn-political-ads-push-states-to-curb-rampant-ai-use '''''States Are Rushing to Regulate Deepfakes as AI Goes Mainstream''''' at bloomberg.com] (paywalled), June 2023 reporting on US legislation against synthetic human-like fakes. It lists CA, WA, WY, MN, TX, GA and VA as having anti-deepfake laws and lists LA, IL, MA and NJ as planning to legislate.

== The countries that have unfortunately banned full face veil ==

{{Q|There are currently 16 nations that have banned the burqa (not to be confused with the hijab), including [[w:Tunisia]],<ref name="reuters.com">

{{cite news
|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-tunisia-niqab-security-idUKKCN1U01CH
|title= Tunisian PM bans wearing of niqab in public institutions
|date=5 July 2019
|access-date=2021-03-13
|newspaper= Reuters
}}

</ref> [[w:Austria]], [[w:Denmark]], [[w:France]], [[w:Belgium]], [[w:Tajikistan]], [[w:Latvia]],<ref name="independent.co.uk">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/islamic-muslim-face-veil-niqab-burqa-banned-latvia-despite-being-worn-by-just-three-women-entire-a6993991.html
|title=A European government has banned Islamic face veils despite them being worn by just three women
|date=21 April 2016
|access-date=2021-03-13
}}

</ref> [[w:Bulgaria]],<ref>

[https://www.smh.com.au/world/bulgaria-the-latest-european-country-to-ban-the-burqa-and-niqab-in-public-places-20160930-grss9q.html Bulgaria the latest European country to ban the burqa and [niqab in public places], Smh.com.au: accessed 5 December 2016.

</ref> [[w:Cameroon]], [[w:Chad]], [[w:Congo-Brazzaville]], [[w:Gabon]], [[w:Netherlands]],<ref>
{{cite news
|last1=Halasz
|first1=Stephanie
|last2=McKenzie
|first2=Sheena
|title=The Netherlands introduces burqa ban in some public spaces
|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/27/europe/netherlands-partial-burqa-ban-intl/index.html
|access-date=2021-03-13
|agency=CNN
|issue=27 June 2018
|publisher=CNN
|date=27 June 2018
}}

</ref> [[w:China]],<ref>
{{cite news
|last1=Phillips
|first1=Tom
|title=China bans burqa in capital of Muslim region of Xinjiang
|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/11342070/China-bans-burqa-in-capital-of-Muslim-region-of-Xinjiang.html
|access-date=2021-03-13
|agency=The Telegraph
|issue=13 January 2015
|newspaper=The Telegraph
|date=13 January 2015
}}

</ref> [[w:Morocco]], and [[w:Switzerland]].|Wikipedia|[[w:Hijab by country]] as of 2021-03-13}}

Taking into consideration these times of industrial disinformation, it is vicious and uncivilized to have laws banning wearing a the full face veil in public.

== Quotes on the current laws and their application ==
{{#lst:Quotes|FinalLineOfDefenseForTheTimeBeing}}

----

= Footnotes =
<references group="footnote" />

= 1st seen in =
<references group="1st seen in" />

= References =
<references />

[[Category:In English]]
[[Category:Law]]
[[Category:Antifake]]

Laws against synthesis and other related crimes

2025-08-23T10:00:24Z

Juho Kunsola: /* EU */ The === Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence === was published and adopted in May 2024, moving

[[File:No-synthetic-F.png|thumb|right|260px|link=Main Page|This article is an attempt to track legislation against '''[[synthetic human-like fakes]]''' world-wide.]]
[[File:Screenshot at 27s of a moving digital-look-alike made to appear Obama-like by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed 2018.png|thumb|right|480px|link=Mediatheque/2018/Obama's appearance thieved - a public service announcement digital look-alike by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Obama-like-fake-2018}}]]
[[File:Appearance of Richard Nixon stolen by the Center for Advanced Virtuality of MIT for their awareness raising project In The Event of Moon Disaster 2020 screenshot at 376s.png|thumb|rightr|480px|link=Mediatheque/2020/Nixon's appearance and voice stolen - a public service announcement digital look-alike and sound-alike by MIT's Center for Advanced Virtuality|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Nixon-like-fake-2020}}]]
[[File:Justice scale silhouette, medium.svg|thumb|right|200px|Do you know of a law or jurisdiction that this list does not include? Add it! Or let us know through the chat in the lower-righthand side!]]

This article contains some current laws against abusive uses of synthetic human-like fakes and also information what kind of laws are being prepared and two SSFWIKI original law proposals, [[#Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth|one against digital look-alikes]] and [[#Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice|one against digital sound-alikes]].

'''Information elsewhere / legal information compilations''' (recommended)
<section begin=anti-fake-law-compilations/>
* <section begin=ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker/>[https://legislation.ballotpedia.org/ai-deepfakes/home '''''AI deepfake legislation tracker''''' at legislation.ballotpedia.org] by Ballotpedia.org for tracking US legislation.<section end=ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker/>
* {{#lst:Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|cybercivilrights.org law compilations}}
* <section begin=responsible.ai 2023/>[https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches '''''A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches''''' at responsible.ai]<ref name="responsible.ai 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches
| title = A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches
| last = Lawson
| first = Amanda
| date = 2023-04-24
| website = responsible.ai
| publisher = Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> April 2023 compilation and reporting by Amanda Lawson of the Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute.<section end=responsible.ai 2023/>
* <section begin=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>[https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/ '''''The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology''''' at legaljournal.princeton.edu]<ref name="Princeton Legal Journal 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/
| title = The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology
| last = Quirk
| first = Caroline
| date = 2023-06-19
| website = legaljournal.princeton.edu
| publisher = Princeton Legal Journal
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}

</ref> compilation and reporting by Caroline Quirk. PLJ is Princeton’s only student-run law review.<section end=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>
* <section begin=tech policy press 2023/>[https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/ '''''Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography''''' at techpolicy.press]<ref name="tech policy press 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/
| title = Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography
| last = Williams
| first = Kaylee
| date = 2023-05-15
| website = techpolicy.press
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> May 2023 compilation and reporting by Kaylee Williams<section end=tech policy press 2023/>

* <section begin=Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA/>[https://foundationra.com/deepfake-ai-laws/ '''''Deepfake AI laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com], [https://foundationra.com/sextortion-laws/ '''''Sextortion laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com] and [https://foundationra.com/revenge-porn-laws-us/ '''''Revenge porn laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com] compilations by [https://foundationra.com/ Foundation RA]<section end=Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA/>
* <section begin=Onfido 2024/>[https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/ '''''Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?''''' at onfido.com]<ref name="Onfido 2024">
{{cite web
| url = https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/
| title = Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?
| last = Owen
| first = Aled
| date = 2024-02-02
| website = onfido.com
| publisher = Onfido
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> February 2024 summary and compilation by Aled Owen, Director of Global Policy at Onfido (for-profit)<section end=Onfido 2024/>

* <section begin=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>[https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html '''''Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?''''' at criminaldefenselawyer.com] <ref name="criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html
| title = Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?
| last = Pirius
| first = Rebecca
| date = 2024-02-07
| website = Criminaldefenselawyer.com
| publisher = [[w:Nolo (publisher)]]
| access-date = 2024-02-22
| quote =
}}

</ref> by Rebecca Pirius is a good bring-together of the current illegality/legality situation in the USA federally and state-wise. Published by [[w:Nolo (publisher)]], updated Feb 2024<section end=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>

* <section begin=tclf 2023/>[https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/ '''''Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace''''' at tclf.in]<ref name="tclf 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/
| title = Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace
| last = Rastogi
| first = Janvhi
| date = 2023-10-16
| website = tclf.in
| publisher = The Contemporary Law Forum
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> October 2023 compilation and reporting by Janvhi Rastogi, published in the The Contemporary Law Forum.<section end=tclf 2023/>

* <section begin=endcyberabuse.org/>[https://endcyberabuse.org/country-factsheets/ '''''The Law on Image-Based Sexual Abuse Worldwide''''' at endcyberabuse.org] contains information for Bangladesh, Canada, England and Wales, France, Germany, India, Japan, Pakistan, Philippines and the USA.<section end=endcyberabuse.org/>
<section end=anti-fake-law-compilations/>

'''New laws'''
* [[#UK|UK]]'s [[#Online Safety Act 2023|Online Safety Act 2023]] has been passed to law and reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.
* The [[#EU|European Union]] has finalized a law package to regulate AI called the [[#Artificial Intelligence Act|Artificial Intelligence Act]]

'''New bills are currently in the works in'''
* Current [[#Bills in the EU|bills in the EU]] of high importance are the almost finalized [[#Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence|Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence]] and the [[#Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse|Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]
* [[#Current bills in the USA|US Senate is considering an anti-fake bill and the House is considering several bills]]
* [[#Canada|Canada]] is considering C-27
* [[#China|China]] seems to be planning to ban all synthetic pornography, however consensual its making was

'''Bills that didn't make it'''
* [[#Canada|Canada's House of Commons]] was considering banning all pornographic content, for which there is no proof-of-age and written consent from everybody visible in the pornographic recording.
* [[#Past bills in the USA|Past bills in the USA]]

= International =
The '''[[w:Convention on Cybercrime]]''', also known as the '''Budapest Convention on Cybercrime''' or the '''Budapest Convention''', is the first international [[w:treaty]] seeking to address [[w:Internet]] and [[w:computer crime]] (cybercrime) harmonizing [[w:municipal law|national laws]], improving investigative techniques, and increasing cooperation among nations.<ref>[https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=185 Convention on Cybercrime, Budapest, 23 November 2001.]</ref> (Wikipedia) The. convention was signed on 2001-11-23

'''[[w:Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime]]''', concerning the criminalisation of acts of a racist and xenophobic nature committed through computer systems is an additional protocol to the [[w:Council of Europe]] Convention on Cybercrime.

= Australia =

[[File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|thumb|right|200px|Australia]]

== Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Act 2024 ==
'''The Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024'''<ref group="1st seen in">ChatGPT Deep research on augmenting this list of laws</ref> criminalized the creation, distribution, and even possession of explicit synthetic human-like fakes without consent.<ref name="GLI2024">https://www.globallegalinsights.com/news/australia-introduces-legislation-to-combat-deepfake-sexual-material/</ref>

Those who create a sexual deepfake of someone without consent face up to 10 years in prison. Those who share or distribute such material (even if they didn’t create it) can get up to 7 years, and merely possessing deepfake porn can lead to 5 years behind bars. Penalties escalate for aggravated cases – if the deepfake is used to harass or blackmail or if the victim is a minor, sentences can reach 15 years.<ref name="GLI2024"/>

'''Official'''
* [https://ministers.ag.gov.au/media-centre/new-criminal-laws-combat-sexually-explicit-deepfakes-21-08-2024 '''''New criminal laws to combat sexually explicit deepfakes''''' at ministers.ag.gov.au]
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/bd/bd2324a/24bd081 '''''Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024 digest''' at aph.gov.au] by Owen Griffiths.
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_LEGislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r7205 '''''Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024''''' progression summary at aph.gov.au]

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.globallegalinsights.com/news/australia-introduces-legislation-to-combat-deepfake-sexual-material/ '''''Australia introduces legislation to combat deepfake sexual material''''' at globallegalinsights.com]

== Online Safety Act 2021 ==

The [https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2021A00076/latest/text '''Online Safety Act 2021''' at legislation.gov.au]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing paper">https://equalitynow.org/resource/briefing-paper-deepfake-image-based-sexual-abuse-tech-facilitated-sexual-exploitation-and-the-law/</ref> regulates the non-consensual sharing or threatening to share sexual images.

If the synthetic fake human-like images depict illegal and restricted online content, then the Online Content Scheme, as defined in the Online Safety Act 2021, may apply.<ref name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing">https://equalitynow.org/resource/briefing-paper-deepfake-image-based-sexual-abuse-tech-facilitated-sexual-exploitation-and-the-law/</ref>

[https://www.esafety.gov.au/ '''Office of the eSafety Commissioner''' at esafety.gov.au] is Australia's independent regulator for online safety.

'''Links'''
* [https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/whats-on/online-safety-act '''''Learn about the Online Safety Act''''' at esafety.gov.au]
* [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-technology-communications/internet/online-safety/current-legislation '''''Key elements of the Online Safety Act 2021''''' at infrastructure.gov.au]
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_LEGislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r6680 '''Online Safety Bill 2021''' at aph.gov.au]
* [https://foundationra.com/australia/ '''Revenge porn laws in Australia''' at foundationra.com]

= Canada =
[[File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg|thumb|right|200px|House of Commons of Canada was contemplating banning distribution of all pornography for which there are no consent declarations and proof-of-age for the people depicted.]]

The existing Canadian law ban the distribution of non-consensual disclosure of intimate images.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

== Active bills in Canada ==
=== Digital Charter Implementation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-27 ===
[https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/c-27 '''''Digital Charter Implementation Act''''' at parl.ca] or ''An Act to enact the Consumer Privacy Protection Act, the Personal Information and Data Protection Tribunal Act and the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act and to make consequential and related amendments to other Acts''

== Past bills in Canada ==
=== Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-270 ===

* [https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading House of Commons of Canada bill '''C-270''' ''''''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'''''' at parl.ca], an act to amend the [[w:Criminal Code (Canada)|Criminal Code]] regarding pornography was first read to the Commons by [[w:Arnold Viersen]] on Thursday 2022-04-28 at 10:15.

According to [https://www.townandcountrytoday.com/local-news/mp-submits-private-members-bill-for-second-time-5346232 townandcountrytoday.com] the author of the bill introduced an identical bill '''C-302''' on Thursday 2021-05-27, but that got killed off by oncoming federal elections

'''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''' - '''An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)''' is a private member's bill by Arnold Viersen ([https://www.arnoldviersen.ca/ Official Site at arnoldviersen.ca])

'''Summary of the C-270 from parl.ca'''
<blockquote>
"''This enactment amends the Criminal Code to prohibit a person from making, distributing or advertising pornographic material for commercial purposes without having first ascertained that, at the time the material was made, '''each person''' whose image is '''depicted''' in the material was '''18 years of age''' or older and '''gave their express consent''' to their image being depicted.''"</blockquote><ref name="Canada C-270">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading
|title= Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)
|last=Viersen
|first=Arnold
|date=2022-04-28
|website=parl.ca
|publisher=[[w:House of Commons of Canada]]
|access-date=2022-10-06
|quote=}}

</ref>

'''Sommaire en français / Summary in French'''
<blockquote>
''Le texte modifie le Code criminel afin d’interdire à toute personne de produire ou de distribuer du matériel pornographique à des fins commerciales, ou d’en faire la publicité, sans s’être au préalable assurée qu’au moment de la production du matériel, '''chaque personne''' dont l’image y est représentée '''était âgée de dix-huit ans''' ou plus et '''avait donné son consentement exprès''' à ce que son image y soit représentée''.</blockquote><ref>Bilingual version of C-270 https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf</ref>

'''Links'''

* [https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' in English et en français at publications.gc.ca]
* [https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/C-270 Parliament of Canada LEGISinfo: C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at parl.ca] in English
* [https://openparliament.ca/bills/44-1/C-270/ C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at openparliament.ca] includes motivation of Mr. Arnold Viersen and the co-sponsor of the bill Mr. Garnett Genuis.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.conservative.ca/mp-viersen-reintroduces-the-stopping-internet-sexual-exploitation-sise-act/ ''MP Viersen reintroduces the Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation (SISE) Act'' at conservative.ca]

----

= China =
This information should be updated.
[[File:Flag of China.png|thumb|right|200px|China passed a law requiring faked footage to be labeled as such, effective 2020-01-01]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in China ==

=== Mandatory labeling of fake media in China since 2020 ===
<section begin=China2020 />On Wednesday January 1 2020 Chinese law requiring that synthetically faked footage should bear a clear notice about its fakeness came into effect. Failure to comply could be considered a [[w:crime]] the [[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]] ([http://www.cac.gov.cn/ cac.gov.cn]) stated on its website. China announced this new law in November 2019.<ref name="Reuters2019">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-technology/china-seeks-to-root-out-fake-news-and-deepfakes-with-new-online-content-rules-idUSKBN1Y30VU
| title = China seeks to root out fake news and deepfakes with new online content rules
| last =
| first =
| date = 2019-11-29
| website = [[w:Reuters.com]]
| publisher = [[w:Reuters]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref> The Chinese government seems to be reserving the right to prosecute both users and [[w:online video platform]]s failing to abide by the rules. <ref name="TheVerge2019">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/29/20988363/china-deepfakes-ban-internet-rules-fake-news-disclosure-virtual-reality
| title = China makes it a criminal offense to publish deepfakes or fake news without disclosure
| last = Statt
| first = Nick
| date = 2019-11-29
| website =
| publisher = [[w:The Verge]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref>
<section end=China2020 />

=== Deep Synthesis Provisions 2023 ===
On Tuesday 2023-01-10 the Deep Synthesis Provisions came into effect. It was originally drafted in 2022 by the '''[[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]]''' as [https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/deep-synthesis-draft/ '''''Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis Internet Information Services''''' (Draft for solicitation of comments) at chinalawtranslate.com] or [http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-01/28/c_1644970458520968.htm view the Chinese language draft '''''国家互联网信息办公室关于《互联网信息服务深度合成管理规定（征求意见稿）》公开征求意见的通知''''' at cac.gov.cn]<ref group="1st seen in">'''Politico AI: Decoded''' mailing list Wednesday 2022-02-02</ref>.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://thediplomat.com/2023/03/chinas-new-legislation-on-deepfakes-should-the-rest-of-asia-follow-suit/ '''''China’s New Legislation on Deepfakes: Should the Rest of Asia Follow Suit?''''' at thediplomat.com] March 2023 reporting
----
= Denmark =
[[File:Animated flag GIFGIFs Denmark.gif|thumb|right|300px|Denmark is considering a novel approach against synthetic filth, by planning to give Danes copyright over their own appearance and voice, a shift from previous legislative approaches against [[synthetic human-like fakes]].]]
Denmark is currently considering changing its laws so that each Dane would have copyright over their own appearance and voice. The Danish approach is novel because it creates a [[w:Right to property|w:property right]] in one’s biometric identity, treating voice/appearance like [[w:intellectual property]], whereas the previous legislative steps elsewhere have been harms-based.

The legislative proposal comes from the Department of Culture of Denmark and is said to have massive support among MPs.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/> The planned changes to Danish copyright law will, once approved, theoretically give people in Denmark the right to demand that online platforms remove content that is in violation of a Danish human's copyright.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/> Parodies and satire get an exception and would still be permitted.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/>

{{Q|“I am extremely proud that we are now sending an unequivocal signal to all citizens that they have the right to their own body, their own voice, and their own facial features.
In a time when technology has outpaced legislation, I am pleased that so many parties in Parliament are joining to protect artists and everyday people from the digital identity theft that can now be done with just a few clicks.
We must not accept that human beings can simply go through the digital copy machine and be misused for all sorts of purposes.
Technology is developing rapidly, and in the future it will be even harder to distinguish reality from fiction in the digital world.
Therefore, it is high time that we build a safeguard against the spread of misinformation while also sending a clear signal to the tech giants.”|Jakob Engel-Schmidt, Culture Minister of Denmark (translated)<ref>https://kum.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/bred-aftale-om-deepfakes-giver-alle-ret-til-egen-krop-og-egen-stemme translation by ChatGPT</ref>|the Danish law initiative to give humans copyright to their own voice and appearance}}

'''Official'''
* [https://kum.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/bred-aftale-om-deepfakes-giver-alle-ret-til-egen-krop-og-egen-stemme '''''Bred aftale om deepfakes giver alle ret til egen krop og egen stemme''''' at kum.dk] press release of the Ministry of Culture on the new planned biometrics copyright protection bill Thursday 2025-06-26

'''Reporting'''

* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jun/27/deepfakes-denmark-copyright-law-artificial-intelligence '''''Denmark to tackle deepfakes by giving people copyright to their own features''''' at theguardian.com] by Miranda Bryant 2025-06-27<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025">
{{cite web
|last = Bryant
|first = Miranda
|date = 2025-06-27
|title = Denmark to tackle deepfakes by giving people copyright to their own features
|url = https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jun/27/deepfakes-denmark-copyright-law-artificial-intelligence
|website = theguardian.com
|location = UK
|publisher = The Guardian
|access-date = 2026-08-22
|quote = The Danish culture minister, Jakob Engel-Schmidt, said he hoped the bill before parliament would send an “unequivocal message” that everybody had the right to the way they looked and sounded. He told the Guardian: “In the bill we agree and are sending an unequivocal message that everybody has the right to their own body, their own voice and their own facial features, which is apparently not how the current law is protecting people against generative AI.”
}}
</ref>
* [https://www.euronews.com/next/2025/06/30/denmark-fights-back-against-deepfakes-with-copyright-protection-what-other-laws-exist-in-e '''''Denmark fights back against deepfakes with copyright protection. What other laws exist in Europe?''''' at euronews.com]<ref name="euronews-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025">
{{cite web
|last = Desmarais
|first = Anna
|date = 2025-06-30
|title = Denmark fights back against deepfakes with copyright protection. What other laws exist in Europe?
|url = https://www.euronews.com/next/2025/06/30/denmark-fights-back-against-deepfakes-with-copyright-protection-what-other-laws-exist-in-e
|website = euronews.com
|location = EU
|publisher = Euronews
|access-date = 2025-08-22
|quote = Denmark will give people copyright over their own likenesses as a way to fight back against generated “deepfake” videos, as countries around the world grapple with the rapid rise of artificial intelligence (AI). In a statement, the Danish government said the bill, which has been agreed upon by all major parties, will make it illegal to share deepfakes and other “digital imitations” of a person’s characteristics. “We are now sending an unequivocal signal to all citizens that you have the right to your own body, your own voice and your own facial features,” Denmark’s culture minister Jakob Engel-Schmidt said in a statement.
}}
</ref> reporting and outline of laws in other EU countries by Anna Desmarais 2025-06-30
* [https://lsj.com.au/articles/denmark-proposes-copyright-laws-to-protect-against-deepfakes/ '''''Denmark proposes copyright laws to protect against deepfakes''''' at lsj.com.au] reporting and analysis by Cat Woods 2025-07-16
* [https://www.indiatimes.com/news/your-face-your-rights-denmarks-tough-new-deepfake-law-could-change-how-ai-imitations-are-handled-across-europe/articleshow/122759842.html ''''''Your face, your rights': Denmark’s tough new Deepfake law could change how AI imitations are handled across Europe''''' at indiatimes.com] reporting putting the new move in bigger context, by Nancy Jaiswal 2025-07-10

----

= EU =
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|200px|The EU must address the malicious uses of AI in the law it is planning to regulate AI.]]
== Laws in the EU ==
=== Artificial Intelligence Act ===

The European Union has a law on AI called '''[[w:Artificial Intelligence Act]]'''. The European Commission proposed the AI Act in 2021. On Wednesday 2024-03-13 the MEPs adopted this law.<ref>

{{cite web
| url = https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law
| title = Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law
| last =
| first =
| date = 2024-03-13
| website = europarl.europa.eu
| publisher = [[w:European Parliament]]
| access-date = 2024-03-22
| quote = The regulation, agreed in negotiations with member states in December 2023, was endorsed by MEPs with 523 votes in favour, 46 against and 49 abstentions.
}}

</ref> The AI Act will have a key role in the effective implementation of upcoming EU [[#Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence|Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence]] and [[#Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse|Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]] that intend to protect us against synthetic pornography.

* European '''Artificial Intelligence Act''' has been approved by the member countries and is on track to be approved by April 2024.<ref>https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-artificial-intelligence-act-ai-technology-risk-rules/</ref> Read [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206 Proposal for a '''''REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL LAYING DOWN HARMONISED RULES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACT) AND AMENDING CERTAIN UNION LEGISLATIVE ACTS''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu]<ref group="1st seen in">https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/the-act/ via https://futureoflife.org/ newsletter</ref> (also contains translations)

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-europe-fit-for-the-digital-age/file-regulation-on-artificial-intelligence '''''Artificial intelligence act''''' in the Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu]

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law '''''Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a press announcement on the adoption of the Artificial Intelligence Act on Wednesday 2024-03-13.

'''Studies and information'''

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/stoa/en/document/EPRS_STU(2021)690039 '''''Tackling deepfakes in European policy''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a 2021 study by the Panel for the Future of Science and Technology and published by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]]. [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/690039/EPRS_STU(2021)690039_EN.pdf View .pdf at europarl.europa.eu]
* [https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/ '''''The EU Artificial Intelligence Act''''' at artificialintelligenceact.eu] is a website promising ''Up-to-date developments and analyses of the EU AI Act'' on the new EU law by the [https://futureoflife.org/ Future of Life Institute], an American non-profit NGO.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euractiv.com/section/artificial-intelligence/opinion/the-ai-act-vs-deepfakes-a-step-forward-but-is-it-enough/ '''''The AI Act vs. deepfakes: A step forward, but is it enough?''''' at euractiv.com], 2024-02-26 opinion piece by Cristina Vanberghen

=== Digital Services Act ===
[https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/digital-services-act-package '''The Digital Services Act''' package at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] [[w:Digital Services Act]] (DSA) came into force in November 2022.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

The Artificial Intelligence Act and Digital Services Act together will help in the enforcement of the upcoming protections to shield us from synthesis crimes.

=== Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence ===
The [https://commission.europa.eu/document/28552314-3316-40b4-ae0f-17ff8ab9f43f_en '''''Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at commission.europa.eu] will require, among other things, that member states criminalize non-consensual [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|synthetic digital look-alike]] pornography in their criminal codes.

'''Official'''

* [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52022PC0105 '''''Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu] has the directive text in all languages and various formats

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-new-push-for-european-democracy/file-legislative-proposal-on-gender-based-violence '''''Legislative proposal on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''close to adoption''. (As of March 2024)

* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_649 '''''Commission welcomes political agreement on new rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-02-06 press release by the [[w:European Commission]].

* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_1533 '''''International Women's Day 2022: Commission proposes EU-wide rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-03-08 press release by the EC.

'''Unofficial'''

* [https://hateaid.org/en/eu-protects-women-from-digital-violence/ '''''Deepfakes and dick pics: EU protects women from digital violence''''' at hateaid.org], a 2024-02-07 press release by HateAid.org

* [https://futureoflife.org/ai-policy/disrupting-the-deepfake-pipeline-in-europe/ '''''Disrupting the Deepfake Pipeline in Europe''''' at futureoflife.org], 2024-02-22 article on the approach of ''Leveraging corporate criminal liability under the Violence Against Women Directive to safeguard against pornographic deepfake exploitation'' by Alexandra Tsalidis

== Bills in the EU ==

=== Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse ===

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-promoting-our-european-way-of-life/file-combating-child-sexual-abuse-online '''''New legislation to fight child sexual abuse online''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''tabled''. (As of March 2024)
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/ '''''Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/timeline-prevention-of-online-child-sexual-abuse/ '''''Timeline - Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]

{{Q|The '''Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse''' ('''Child Sexual Abuse Regulation''', or '''CSAR''') is a [[w:European Union regulation]] proposed by the [[w:European Commissioner for Home Affairs]] [[w:Ylva Johansson]] on 11 May 2022. The stated aim of the legislation is to prevent child sexual abuse online through the implementation of a number of measures, including the establishment of a framework that would make the detection and reporting of child sexual abuse material ([[w:Child pornography|CSAM]]) by digital platforms a legal requirement within the European Union.|Wikipedia as of March 2024|[[w:Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]}}

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/02/06/new-eu-rules-will-criminalise-paedophilia-handbooks-and-deepfakes-of-child-abuse '''''New EU rules will criminalise 'paedophilia handbooks' and deepfakes of child abuse''''' at euronews.com], 2024-02-06 reporting

== Code of practice on Disinformation 2022 ==
The [https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation '''2022 Code of Practice on Disinformation''' at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] - ''Major online platforms, emerging and specialised platforms, players in the advertising industry, fact-checkers, research and civil society organisations delivered a strengthened Code of Practice on Disinformation following the Commission’s Guidance of May 2021''.<ref>https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation</ref>

= Finland =
[[File:Flag of Finland.svg|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|200px|Finland finally updated its laws in 2023 against synthetic filth attacks against adults.]]
[[File:Suomen lippu valokuva.png|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|255px|Finland strongly criminalized synthetic sexual pictures depicting children in 2011, upon the initiative of the [[w:Vanhanen II Cabinet]]]]
== Laws in Finland ==

[[File:Flag_of_Finland.svg|link=Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023|25px]] Suomeksi / in Finnish [[Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023]]

=== Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|what-is-it}}

=== Finland criminalized synthetic CSAM in 2011 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|history}}

----
= France =
[https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F32103 '''''Droit à l'image et respect de la vie privée''''' at service-public.fr] or in English [https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F32103?lang=en '''''Right to the image and respect for privacy''''' at service-public.fr] (automatic translation)

----

= Germany =
[[File:Flag of Germany.svg|thumb|right|200px|Existing German laws provide protection against appearance theft.]]
* [https://mj-cohen.com/2020/01/03/deepfakes-and-german-law/ '''''Deepfakes and German law''''' at mj-cohen.com], January 2020 summary by Maureen Cohen states that the existing German laws are well equipped rendering non-consensual digital look-alikes illegal.

----
= India =
[[File:Flag of India.svg|thumb|right|200px|India]]

'''Laws in India'''

Laws in India can be accessed through the [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/ '''India Code''' at indiacode.nic.in]

'''[[w:Information Technology Act, 2000]]'''
* Section 66. - '''Computer related offences.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=76&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66A. - Omitted. Would have been ''Punishment for sending offensive messages through communication service, etc.''
** Section 66B. - Punishment for dishonestly receiving stolen computer resource or communication device.
** Section 66C. - '''Punishment for identity theft.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=79&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66D. - '''Punishment for cheating by personation by using computer resource.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=80&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66E. - '''Punishment for violation of privacy.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=81#:~:text=Whoever%2C%20intentionally%20or%20knowingly%20captures,two%20lakh%20rupees%2C%20or%20with</ref>
** Section 66F. - Punishment for cyber terrorism.
* Section 67. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting obscene material in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=83&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67A. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material containing sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=84&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67B. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material depicting children in sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=85&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67C. - Preservation and retention of information by intermediaries.

'''[[w:Information Technology Rules, 2021]]'''

'''Past bills in India'''
* [[w:Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019]]
'''Legal compilations on the legal situation against synthetic filth in India'''
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|tclf 2023}}
* [https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916 '''''Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture''''' at livelaw.in]<ref name="Livelaw.in 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916
| title = Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture
| last = Rana
| first = Vikrant
| last2 = Gandhi
| first2 = Anuradha
| last3 = Thakur
| first3 = Rachita
| date = 2023-11-24
| website = livelaw.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-21
| quote =
}}
</ref> 2023-11-24 compilation on laws against synthetic fakes in India, by Vikrant Rana, Anuradha Gandhi and Rachita Thakur
* [https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/ '''''What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?''''' at cybercert.in]<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/
| title = What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website = cybercert.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-03-23
| quote = At present, India does not have any law specifically for deep fake cybercrime, but various other laws can be combined to deal with it.
}}
</ref>
* [https://cybercert.in/indian-cyber-laws/ '''''Cyberlaw in India''''' at cybercert.in] provides a wider look into the Indian Cyber Laws

----
= New Zealand =
[[File:Flag of New Zealand.svg|thumb|right|200px|New Zealand]]

* [https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2015/0063/latest/whole.html ''''Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015'''' at legislation.govt.nz]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing paper"/> criminalises intimate visual recordings and image-based sexual abuse.

* '''[[w:Netsafe]]''' [https://netsafe.org.nz/ netsafe.org.nz] is an online safety non-profit organisation in New Zealand. It provides educational, anti-bullying and support services. The organisation is contracted under the [[w:Harmful Digital Communications Act]] until 2026. (Wikipedia)

* [https://www.cert.govt.nz/ '''CERT.govt.nz'''], the [[w:Computer emergency response team]] of New Zealand - "''Responding to cyber security threats in New Zealand - CERT NZ is your first port of call when you need to report a cyber security problem.''"

* The '''[[w:Department of Internal Affairs]]''' investigates the possession of, and trading in, child exploitation material.<ref>https://www.police.govt.nz/advice-services/cybercrime-and-internet/online-child-safety</ref>

'''Links regarding the Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015'''
* [https://www.police.govt.nz/advice-services/cybercrime-and-internet/harmful-digital-communications-hdc ''''Harmful Digital Communications (HDC)'''' at police.govt.nz] by the [[w:New Zealand Police]]
* [https://www.justice.govt.nz/courts/civil/harmful-digital-communications/ ''''Harmful digital communications'''' at justice.govt.nz] by the [[w:Ministry of Justice (New Zealand)]]
* [https://netsafe.org.nz/what-is-the-hdca/ '''''What is the HDCA?''''' at netsafe.org.nz] by [[w:Netsafe]], the agency approved by the [[w:New Zealand Police]] to process complaints about harmful digital communications.
* See Wikipedia article on '''[[w:Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015]]''' for more info

----

= Singapore =
[[File:Flag of Singapore.svg|thumb|right|200px|Singapore]]
== Law in Singapore ==
=== Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019 ===

[[w:Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> is a [[w:statute]] of the [[w:Parliament of Singapore]] that enables authorities to tackle the spread of [[w:fake news]] or [[w:false information]]. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protection_from_Online_Falsehoods_and_Manipulation_Act_2019&oldid=1134029282 Wikipedia])

----

= South Africa =
[[File:Flag of the Republic of South Africa.svg|thumb|right|200px|[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 South Africa's relatively new Cybercrimes Act (Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020)] has been enacted only partially on Dec 1 2021]]

== Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020 ==
[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 '''South-Africa Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020''' (English / Afrikaans) at gov.za]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref> came only partially into effect on Wednesday 2021-12-01.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref>

* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-16-distribution-of-data-message-of-intimate-image/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 16 - Disclosure of data message of intimate image''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] Subsection 1 states <blockquote>''Any person (‘‘A’’) who unlawfully and intentionally discloses, by means of an electronic communications service, a data message of an intimate image of a person (‘‘B’’), without the consent of B, is guilty of an offence.''
</blockquote>

* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-17-attempting-conspiring-aiding-abetting-inducing-inciting-instigating-instructing-commanding-or-procuring-to-commit-offence/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 17 - Attempting, conspiring, aiding, abetting, inducing, inciting, instigating, instructing, commanding or procuring to commit offence''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] states
<blockquote>
Any person who unlawfully and intentionally
# attempts;
# conspires with any other person; or
# aids, abets, induces, incites, instigates, instructs, commands or procures another person, to commit an offence in terms of Part I or Part II of this Chapter, is guilty of an offence and is liable on conviction to the punishment to which a person convicted of actually committing that offence would be liable.
</blockquote>

'''Links'''
* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/ '''Cybercrimes Act''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] by Accessible Law contains the law in website format

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/ '''''Not all of the cogs in the Cybercrimes Act machine are turning at once — we still remain vulnerable''''' at dailymaverick.co.za]

----
= South Korea =
[[File:Flag of South Korea.svg|thumb|right|200px|South Korea has invested heavily in AI research and has also legislation to counter the menaces of synthetic human-like fakes.]]
== Law in South Korea ==
=== ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES ===
[https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawView.do?hseq=40947&lang=ENG '''ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES''' at elaw.klri.re.kr] is a law in South Korea.<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

----

= UK =
* {{#lst:Glossary|UK-Parliament-glossary}}
* {{#lst:Glossary|Law-Society-glossary}}

== Law against synthesis crimes in the UK ==
[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|thumb|right|200px|The UK has improved its legislation.]]

=== Anti-CSAM measures 2025 ===
On Saturday 2025-02-01 Home Secretary Yvette Cooper announced that the UK will be the 1st country in the world to<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-leading-the-way-protecting-children-from-online-predators</ref>
* "''make it illegal to possess, create or distribute AI tools designed to generate child sexual abuse material (CSAM), punishable by up to 5 years in prison''"
* "''make it illegal for anyone to possess AI ‘paedophile manuals’ which teach people how to use AI to sexually abuse children, punishable by up to 3 years in prison''"

Also a law to
* "''introduce a specific offence for predators who run websites designed for other paedophiles to share vile child sexual abuse content or advice on how to groom children, punishable by up to 10 years in prison''"

Additional powers will be given to the Border Force
* "''give Border Force the necessary powers to keep the UK safe and prevent the distribution of CSAM which is often filmed abroad by allowing officers to compel an individual who they reasonably suspect poses a sexual risk to children to unlock their digital devices for inspection, punishable by up to 3 years in prison, depending on the severity''"

Official
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-leading-the-way-protecting-children-from-online-predators '''''Britain's leading the way protecting children from online predators ''''' at gov.uk] - ''UK becomes the first country in the world to create new AI sexual abuse offences to protect children from predators generating AI images. ''

Reporting
* [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8d90qe4nylo '''''AI-generated child sex abuse images targeted with new laws''''' at bbc.com]
* [https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/02/uk/britain-criminalizes-ai-child-sex-abuse-intl-hnk/index.html '''''UK to target AI child sex abuse tools in world first legal crackdown''''' at edition.cnn.com]
* [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/2/uk-to-become-first-country-to-criminalise-ai-child-abuse-tools '''''UK to become first country to criminalise AI child abuse tools''''' at aljazeera.com]
* [https://www.voanews.com/a/uk-to-become-1st-country-to-criminalize-ai-child-abuse-tools/7959851.html '''''UK to become 1st country to criminalize AI child abuse tools''''' at voanews.com]

=== Creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in the UK 2024 ===
On Tuesday 2024-04-16 the UK announced that '''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK'''.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com]</ref> This is a very good move and next logical step would be the prohibition of non-consensually possessing other people's appearance models and voice models, as suggested in [[#Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola|Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola]]. There is really no logical reason to allow criminal leagues to legally possess and trade their libraries of models without this acquisition through covert modeling or trading and possession of raw materials (covert models) to produce the disinformation weapons being illegal.

Reporting
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''Creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com]

=== Online Safety Act 2023 ===
[[w:Online Safety Act 2023]] [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2023/50/enacted '''Online Safety Act 2023''' at legislation.gov.uk] received Royal Assent on 2023-10-26<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular</ref> and it reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.

* '''Part 4''' - '''CSEA reporting''' of the Act on CSEA reporting has not yet come into effect as of February 2024.
** Section 66 requires providers of services regulated under the Act to have systems and processes in place (so far as possible) to ensure that they report all detected and unreported CSEA content present on the service to the NCA (National Crime Agency)
** '''Offence in relation to CSEA reporting''' in Section 69
* '''Part 7''' – '''Enforcement offences'''
* '''Part 10''' - '''Communication offences''' establishes
** '''False communications offence''' in Section 179
** '''Threatening communications offence''' in Section 181
** '''Offences of sending or showing flashing images electronically''' in Section 183
** '''Offence of encouraging or assisting serious self-harm''' in Section 184
** '''Sending etc photograph or film of genitals''' in Section 187
** '''Sharing or threatening to share intimate photograph or film''' in Section 188

The Online Safety Act 2023 came to be from a House of Lords bill UK's [https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3137 '''HL Bill 151''' - '''''Online Safety Bill''''' at bills.parliament.uk] The bill originated from the House of Commons sessions 2021-22 2022-23.

* [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular '''''Online Safety Act: new criminal offences circular''''' at gov.uk] published 2024-01-31 - It is a ''circular is issued to inform the police and other relevant public authorities of certain provisions of the Online Safety Act in particular new criminal offences.''
* [https://www.ofcom.org.uk/news-centre/2023/safer-life-online-for-people-in-uk ''Creating a safer life online for people in the UK'' at ofcom.org.uk]

* [https://www.gov.uk/guidance/a-guide-to-the-online-safety-bill ''A guide to the Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/online-safety-bill ''Documents, publications and announcements relating to the government's Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]

'''Reporting and summaries of the Online Safety Act'''
* [https://www.infolaw.co.uk/newsletter/2023/11/the-online-safety-act-2023-a-primer/ '''''The Online Safety Act 2023: a primer''''' at infolaw.co.uk], a 2023 primer on the Online Safety Act by Alex Heshmaty on 2023-11-29
* [https://www.epra.org/news_items/uk-the-online-safety-act-is-now-law-ofcom-s-powers-as-online-safety-regulator-have-officially-commenced '''''UK: The Online Safety Act is now law; Ofcom’s powers as online safety regulator have officially commenced''''' at epra.org] states that there will three successive implementation phases.

=== The Domestic Abuse Act 2021 Chapter 17, part 6 - Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films ===
'''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/contents/enacted Chapter 17] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/enacted Part 6 - ''Offences involving abusive or violent behaviour''] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted ''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films'' - ''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress'']

According to the UK-based [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/ '''Revenge Porn Helpline''' at revengepornhelpline.org.uk] article [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/ '''''What to do if someone is threatening to share your intimate images'''''] threats to share intimate images with the intent to cause distress is now an offense in UK law. This is included within the '''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' which was enacted into UK law on 29th June 2021.<ref>https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/</ref>

We don't know quite yet if the bug has been fixed, that if the pictures <u>are not pictures of you</u>, but [[synthetic human-like fakes]] the police cannot do anything.

'''Links'''
* [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted '''Domestic Abuse Act 2021''' / '''Chapter 17''' / '''Part 6''' / '''''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films''''' - '''''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress''''' at legislation.gov.uk]

=== Historical about the UK law against synthesis crimes ===

The UK law was not very up-to-date on the issue of synthetic filth until recent improvements.

The independent [[w:Law Commission (England and Wales)]] reviewed the law where it applies to taking, making and sharing intimate images without consent. The outcome of the consultation was due to be published later in 2021.<ref name="BBC2021">

{{cite web
|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-55546372
|title = 'Deepfake porn images still give me nightmares'
|last = Royle
|first = Sara
|date = 2021-01-05
|website = [[w:BBC Online]]
|publisher = [[w:BBC]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = She alerted the police to the images but was told that no action could be taken. Dr Aislinn O'Connell, a lecturer in law at Royal Holloway University of London, explained that Helen's case fell outside the current law.}}

</ref>

"In 2019, law expert Dr Aislinn O’Connell told [[w:The Independent]] that our current laws on image sharing are piecemeal and not fit for purpose. In October 2018 The [[w:Women and Equalities Committee]] called on the UK Government to introduce new legislation on image-based sexual abuse in order to '''criminalise ALL''' non-consensual creation and distribution of intimate sexual images."<ref name="MortPetition2020">

{{cite web
|url = https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images
|title = Change.org petition: 'Tighten regulation on taking, making and faking explicit images'
|last = Mort
|first = Helen
|date = 2020
|website = [[w:Change.org]]
|publisher = [[w:Change.org]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = Unlike other forms of revenge porn, creating pictures or videos like this is not yet illegal in the UK, though it is in some places in the US. The police were unable to help me.}}

</ref> This call is for similar laws as California put in place on January 1 2020.

----

= USA =

[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|thumb|right|200px|Various US states have enacted state laws aimed against synthetic human-like fakes and since May 2025 through the [[w:TAKE IT DOWN Act]] USA has federal legislation against this menace. Many other [[#Past bills in the USA|federal bills have been introduced in the USA]].]]

* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker}}
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024}}
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA}}

{{#lst:Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|cybercivilrights.org law compilations}}

See also:
* [[#Current bills in the USA|Current bills in the USA]] and [[#Past bills in the USA|past bills in the USA]]
* [https://www.congress.gov/legislative-process/introduction-and-referral-of-bills '''The Legislative Process: Introduction and Referral of Bills (Video)''' at congress.gov]
* {{#lst:Glossary|US-Congress-glossary}}

== Federal laws in the USA against synthesis crimes ==
=== US Senate Act S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
The [https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/146 '''''S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act''''' at congress.gov], a bipartisan act against non-consensual intimate image-based abuse, or in other words, against naked synthetic digital look-alikes and real image-based abuse. The long name for citing this act is '''''T'''ools to '''A'''ddress '''K'''nown '''E'''xploitation by '''I'''mmobilizing '''T'''echnological '''D'''eepfakes '''o'''n '''W'''ebsites and '''N'''etworks Act'''''.

It became federal law on Monday 2025-05-19. It was passed by the House of Representatives on Monday 2025-04-28. There is a one year delay on some of the requirements of the TAKE IT DOWN Act.

* In Wikipedia [[w:TAKE IT DOWN Act]]

* [https://rainn.org/policy/take-it-down-act '''''Take It Down Act''''' summary at rainn.org] - ''Criminalizing tech-enabled sexual abuse'' - ''Join us in celebrating this landmark victory for survivors of image-based sexual abuse!''
* [https://rainn.org/news/rainn-backed-%E2%80%9Ctake-it-down-act%E2%80%9D-passes-congress '''''RAINN-Backed “Take It Down Act” Passes Congress!''''' at rainn.org] - ''HISTORIC WIN FOR VICTIMS OF TECH-ENABLED SEXUAL ABUSE: RAINN-Backed “Take It Down Act” Passes Congress!''
* [https://apnews.com/article/take-it-down-deepfake-trump-melania-first-amendment-741a6e525e81e5e3d8843aac20de8615 '''''Take It Down Act, addressing nonconsensual deepfakes and ‘revenge porn,’ passes. What is it?''''' at apnews.com], 2025-04-28 reporting by Barbara Ortutay

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.npr.org/2025/04/28/nx-s1-5380236/take-it-down-act-melania-trump '''''Congress approves a revenge porn bill backed by first lady Melania Trump''''' at npr.org], 2025-04-28 reporting by Ayana Archie
* [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/house-take-it-down-act-vote-deepfake-pornography-victims/ '''''House passes "Take it Down Act," sending revenge porn bill backed by Melania Trump to president's desk''''' at cbsnews.com], 2025-04-28 reporting by Caitlin Yilek

== Law against synthesis crimes in Virginia 2019 ==
=== Code of Virginia § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty ===
[[File:Flag of Virginia.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Virginia]], an avant-garde state. Motto "[[w:Sic semper tyrannis]]"]]

<section begin=Virginia2019 />[[File:Marcus Simon.jpeg|thumb|right|108px|Homie [[w:Marcus Simon|w:Marcus Simon]] ([http://marcussimon.com/ marcussimon.com]) is a Member of the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] and a true pioneer in legislating against synthetic filth.]] Since July 1 2019<ref>

{{Cite web
| url=https://www.fauquier.com/news/new-state-laws-go-into-effect-july/article_6e2e16c8-96b7-11e9-88d0-83a8852ef3eb.html
| title=New state laws go into effect July 1
}}

</ref> [[w:Virginia]] [[w:criminalization|w:has criminalized]] the sale and dissemination of unauthorized synthetic pornography, but not the manufacture.<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515">
{{cite web
| url = https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/
| title = § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website =
| publisher = [[w:Virginia]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref>, as section [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ § 18.2-386.2 titled ''''''Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''''''] became part of the '''[[w:Code of Virginia]]'''.

[https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/ '''Code of Virginia''' (TOC)] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/ '''Title 18.2.''' Crimes and Offenses Generally] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/ '''Chapter 8.''' Crimes Involving Morals and Decency] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title18.2/chapter8/article5/ '''Article 5.''' Obscenity and Related Offenses] » '''Section''' [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ § '''18.2-386.2.''' Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty]

The [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ section '''§ 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''' of Virginia] is as follows:
<blockquote>
'''A'''. ''Any [[w:person]] who, with the [[w:Intention (criminal law)|w:intent]] to [[w:coercion|w:coerce]], [[w:harassment|w:harass]], or [[w:intimidation|w:intimidate]], [[w:Malice_(law)|w:malicious]]ly [[w:dissemination|w:disseminates]] or [[w:sales|w:sells]] any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever that [[w:Depiction|w:depicts]] another person who is totally [[w:nudity|w:nude]], or in a state of undress so as to expose the [[w:sex organs|w:genitals]], pubic area, [[w:buttocks]], or female [[w:breast]], where such person knows or has reason to know that he is not [[w:license]]d or [[w:authorization|w:authorized]] to disseminate or sell such [[w:Video|w:videographic]] or [[w:Film still|w:still image]] is [[w:Guilt (law)|w:guilty]] of a Class 1 [[w:Misdemeanor#United States|w:misdemeanor]]. ''
::For purposes of this subsection, "another person" includes a person whose image was used in creating, adapting, or modifying a videographic or still image with the intent to depict an actual person and who is recognizable as an actual person by the person's [[w:face]], [[w:Simulacrum|w:likeness]], or other distinguishing characteristic.''

'''B'''. ''If a person uses [[w:Service (economics)|w:services]] of an [[w:Internet service provider]], an electronic mail service provider, or any other information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server in committing acts prohibited under this section, such provider shall not be held responsible for violating this section for content provided by another person.''

'''C.''' ''Venue for a prosecution under this section may lie in the [[w:jurisdiction]] where the unlawful act occurs or where any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever is produced, reproduced, found, stored, received, or possessed in violation of this section.''

'''D.''' ''The provisions of this section shall not preclude prosecution under any other [[w:statute]].''<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515"/>

The identical bills were [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+HB2678 House Bill 2678] presented by [[w:Delegate (American politics)|w:Delegate]] [[w:Marcus Simon]] to the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] on January 14 2019 and three day later an identical [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+SB1736 Senate bill 1736] was introduced to the [[w:Senate of Virginia]] by Senator [[w:Adam Ebbin]].
</blockquote>
<section end=Virginia2019 />

== Law against synthesis crimes in Texas 2019 ==
=== Texas SB 751 - Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election ===
[[File:Flag of Texas.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Texas]], the Lone Star State has protected the political candidates, but not ordinary folk against synthetic filth.]]

<section begin=Texas2019 />On September 1 2019 [[w:Texas Senate]] bill [https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/86R/billtext/html/SB00751F.htm '''SB 751''' - '''''Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election'''''] [[w:amendment]]s to the election code came into effect in the [[w:Law of Texas]], giving [[w:candidates]] in [[w:elections]] a '''30-day protection period''' to the elections during which making and distributing digital look-alikes or synthetic fakes of the candidates is an offense. The law text defines the subject of the law as "''a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality''"<ref name="TexasSB751">

{{cite web
|url= https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751
|title= Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election
|last=
|first=
|date= 2019-06-14
|website=
|publisher= [[w:Texas]]
|access-date= 2021-01-23
|quote= In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality}}

</ref> SB 751 was introduced to the Senate by [[w:Bryan Hughes (politician)]].<ref name="Texas SB 751 history">https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751</ref>

<section end=Texas2019 />

The text of '''S.B. No. 751''' is as follows
<blockquote>
'''''AN ACT relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election.'''''

''BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:''

SECTION 1. ''[https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/EL/htm/EL.255.htm Section 255.004, Election Code], is [[w:Amend (motion)|w:amended]] by adding Subsections (d) and (e) to read as follows:''
* ('''d''') ''A person commits an offense if the person, with intent to injure a candidate or influence the result of an election:''
*# '''''creates''' a [[w:deepfake|deep fake]] video; and''
*# ''causes the deep fake video to be '''published''' or '''distributed''' within '''30 days''' of an '''election'''.''
* ('''e''') ''In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the '''intent to deceive''', that '''appears to depict''' a real person performing an action that '''did not occur''' in '''reality'''.''
SECTION 2. ''This Act takes effect September 1, 2019.''
</blockquote>
----

* [[w:Texas Legislature]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in California 2020 ==
=== California AB-602 - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action ===
[[File:Flag of California.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:California]] moved later than Virginia, but it outlawed also the manufacture of synthetic filth on Jan 1 2020.]]

<section begin=California2020 />[[File:Marc Berman.jpg|thumb|120px|right|Homie [[w:Marc Berman|w:Marc Berman]], a righteous fighter for our human rights in this age of industrial disinformation filth and an Assemblymember of the [[w:California State Assembly]], most loved for authoring [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 '''AB-602''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''], which came into effect on Jan 1 2020, banning both the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted.]] January 1 2020 <ref name="KFI2019">

{{cite web
|url= https://kfiam640.iheart.com/content/2019-12-30-here-are-the-new-california-laws-going-into-effect-in-2020/
|title= Here Are the New California Laws Going Into Effect in 2020
|last= Johnson
|first= R.J.
|date= 2019-12-30
|website= [[KFI]]
|publisher= [[iHeartMedia]]
|access-date= 2021-01-23
|quote=}}

</ref> the [[w:California]] [[w:State law (United States)|w:US state law]] '''[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 "AB-602 ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''."]''' came into effect in the [[w:California Civil Code|civil code]] of the [[w:California Codes]] banning the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted. AB-602 provides victims of synthetic pornography with [[w:injunction|w:injunctive relief]] and poses legal threats of [[w:statutory damages|w:statutory]] and [[w:punitive damages]] on [[w:criminal]]s making or distributing synthetic pornography without consent. The bill AB-602 was signed into law by California [[w:Governor (United States)|w:Governor]] [[w:Gavin Newsom]] on October 3 2019 and was authored by [[w:California State Assembly]]member [[w:Marc Berman]] and an identical Senate bill was coauthored by [[w:California State Senate|w:California Senator]] [[w:Connie Leyva]].<ref name="OpenStates AB 602">

{{cite web
|url=https://openstates.org/ca/bills/20192020/AB602/
|title=AB 602 - California Assembly Bill 2019-2020 Regular Session - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action.
|last=
|first=
|date=
|website=openstates.org
|publisher=openstates.org
|access-date=2021-03-24
|quote=}}

</ref><ref name="CNET2019">

{{cite web
| last = Mihalcik
| first = Carrie
| title = California laws seek to crack down on deepfakes in politics and porn
| website = [[w:cnet.com]]
| publisher = [[w:CNET]]
| date = 2019-10-04
| url = https://www.cnet.com/news/california-laws-seek-to-crack-down-on-deepfakes-in-politics-and-porn/
| access-date = 2021-01-23
}}

</ref> [https://trackbill.com/bill/california-assembly-bill-602-depiction-of-individual-using-digital-or-electronic-technology-sexually-explicit-material-cause-of-action/1690501/ AB602 at trackbill.com]
<section end=California2020 />

[[File:Connie Leyva 2015.jpg|thumb|right|240px|[[w:California]] [[w:California State Senate|w:Senator]] [[w:Connie Leyva]] sponsored [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB564&showamends=false '''California Senate Bill SB 564''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''] in Feb '''2019''' and the Senate Bill was [https://www.sagaftra.org/action-alert-support-california-bill-end-deepfake-porn endorsed by SAG-AFTRA], but the Assembly Bill AB-602 authored by [[w:California State Assembly]]member [[w:Marc Berman]] was the one that became law on 1 January 2020 in the [[w:California Civil Code|w:California Civil Code]] of the [[w:California Codes]].]]

'''Introduction''' by [https://a24.asmdc.org/ Assemblymember Marc Berman]:

'''AB 602''', Berman. '''''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action'''''.

Existing law creates a private [[w:Cause of action|w:right of action]] against a person who intentionally distributes a photograph or recorded image of another that exposes the intimate body parts of that person or of a person engaged in a sexual act '''without the person’s consent''' if specified conditions are met.

This bill would provide that a '''depicted individual''', as defined, has a '''[[w:cause of action]] against''' a person who '''either'''
* (1) '''creates''' and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material if the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted''' individual '''did not [[w:consent]]''' to its creation or disclosure or
* (2) who '''intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create if the person knows the '''depicted''' individual '''did not consent''' to its creation.

The bill would specify exceptions to those provisions, including if the material is a matter of legitimate public concern or a work of political or newsworthy value.

The bill would authorize a prevailing [[w:plaintiff]] who suffers harm to seek [[w:Injunction|w:injunctive]] relief and recover reasonable [[w:attorney’s fee]]s and costs as well as specified monetary [[w:damages]], including [[w:Statutory damages|statutory]] and [[w:punitive damages]].

'''The law is as follows''':
<blockquote>
SECTION 1. Section 1708.86 is added to the [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codesTOCSelected.xhtml?tocCode=CIV&tocTitle=+Civil+Code+-+CIV Civil Code of California], to read:

'''1708.86.''' ('''a''') '''For purposes of this section''':
* (1) “''Altered depiction''” means a performance that was actually performed by the depicted individual but was subsequently altered to be in violation of this section.
* (2) “''Authorized Representative''” means an attorney, talent agent, or personal manager authorized to represent a depicted individual if the depicted individual is represented.
* (3) (A) “''Consent''” means an agreement written in plain language signed knowingly and voluntarily by the depicted individual that includes a general description of the sexually explicit material and the audiovisual work in which it will be incorporated.
* (3) (B) A depicted individual may rescind consent by delivering written notice within three business days from the date consent was given to the person in whose favor consent was made, unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:
:**(i) The depicted individual is given at least 72 hours to review the terms of the agreement before signing it.
:**(ii) The depicted individual’s authorized representative provides written approval of the signed agreement.
* (4) “''Depicted individual''” means an individual who appears, as a result of digitization, to be giving a performance they did not actually perform or to be performing in an altered depiction.
* (5) “''Despicable conduct''” means conduct that is so vile, base, or contemptible that it would be looked down on and despised by a reasonable person.
* (6) “''Digitization''” means to realistically depict any of the following:
** (A) The nude body parts of another human being as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
** (B) Computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
** (C) The depicted individual engaging in sexual conduct in which the depicted individual did not engage.
* (7) “''Disclose''” means to publish, make available, or distribute to the public.
* (8) “''Individual''” means a natural person.
* (9) “''Malice''” means that the defendant acted with intent to cause harm to the plaintiff or despicable conduct that was done with a willful and knowing disregard of the rights of the plaintiff. A person acts with knowing disregard within the meaning of this paragraph when they are aware of the probable harmful consequences of their conduct and deliberately fail to avoid those consequences.
* (10) “''Nude''” means visible genitals, pubic area, anus, or a female’s postpubescent nipple or areola.
* (11) “''Person''” means a human being or legal entity.
* (12) “''Plaintiff''” includes cross-plaintiff.
* (13) “''Sexual conduct''” means any of the following:
** (A) Masturbation.
** (B) Sexual intercourse, including genital, oral, or anal, whether between persons regardless of sex or gender or between humans and animals.
** (C) Sexual penetration of the vagina or rectum by, or with, an object.
** (D) The transfer of semen by means of sexual conduct from the penis directly onto the depicted individual as a result of ejaculation.
** (E) Sadomasochistic abuse involving the depicted individual.
(14) “''Sexually explicit material''” means any portion of an audiovisual work that shows the depicted individual performing in the nude or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct.

('''b''') '''A depicted individual has a cause of action against''' a person who does '''either of the following''':
* (1) '''Creates and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material''' and the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted individual''' in that material '''did not consent''' to its creation or disclosure.
* (2) '''Intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create and the person knows the depicted individual in that material '''did not consent''' to the creation of the sexually explicit material.

('''c''') (1) A person is '''not liable''' under this section in either of the following circumstances:
* (A) The person discloses the sexually explicit material in the course of any of the following:
:** (i) Reporting unlawful activity.
:** (ii) Exercising the person’s law enforcement duties.
:**(iii) Hearings, trials, or other legal proceedings.
* (B) The material is any of the following:
:** (i) A matter of legitimate public concern.
:** (ii) A work of political or newsworthy value or similar work.
:** (iii) Commentary, criticism, or disclosure that is otherwise protected by the California Constitution or the United States Constitution.
* (2) For purposes of this subdivision, sexually explicit material is not of newsworthy value solely because the depicted individual is a public figure.

('''d''') It shall not be a defense to an action under this section that there is a disclaimer included in the sexually explicit material that communicates that the inclusion of the depicted individual in the sexually explicit material was unauthorized or that the depicted individual did not participate in the creation or development of the material.

('''e''') (1) A prevailing plaintiff who suffers harm as a result of the violation of subdivision (b) may recover any of the following:
* (A) An amount equal to the monetary gain made by the defendant from the creation, development, or disclosure of the sexually explicit material.
* (B) One of the following:
:** (i) Economic and noneconomic damages proximately caused by the disclosure of the sexually explicit material, including damages for emotional distress.
:** (ii) Upon request of the plaintiff at any time before the final judgment is rendered, the plaintiff may instead recover an award of statutory damages for all unauthorized acts involved in the action, with respect to any one work, as follows:
:** (I) A sum of not less than one thousand five hundred dollars ($1,500) but not more than thirty thousand dollars ($30,000).
:** (II) If the unlawful act was committed with malice, the award of statutory damages may be increased to a maximum of one hundred fifty thousand dollars ($150,000).
* (C) Punitive damages.
* (D) Reasonable attorney’s fees and costs.
* (E) Any other available relief, including injunctive relief.
(2) The remedies provided by this section are cumulative and shall not be construed as restricting a remedy that is available under any other law.

('''f''') An action under this section shall be commenced no later than three years from the date the unauthorized creation, development, or disclosure was discovered or should have been discovered with the exercise of reasonable diligence.

('''g''') The provisions of this section are severable. If any provision of this section or its application is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions.
</blockquote>
<ref name="CaliforniaStateLaw AB 602">
{{Citation
| title = "AB-602 Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action."
| first = Marc
| last = Berman
| author-link = w:Marc Berman
| first2 = Connie
| last2 = Leyva
| author2-link = w:Connie Leyva
| series =
| year = 2019
| publisher = [[w:California]]
| url = https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602
}}

</ref>

----

* [[w:California State Legislature]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in Georgia in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of Georgia (U.S. state) II.png|thumb|right|200px|Georgia's motto is ''"Wisdom, Justice, Moderation"'' and one could say it is well manifested in how their law against synthetic filth [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html '''GA CODE § 16-11-90'''] is thought out and written.]]
=== Georgia Code § 16-11-90 ===

'''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/ Georgia Code]''' / '''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ Title 16. Crimes and Offenses]''' [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html Chapter 11 "Offenses Against Public Order and Safety", Article 3 "Invasions of Privacy", Part 3 "Invasion of privacy" '''GA CODE § 16-11-90''']
<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list">https://cybercivilrights.org/deep-fake-laws/</ref>

'''The law is''' as of April 14, 2021<ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com" /> as follows:
<blockquote>
('''a''') As used in this Code section, the term:

* ('''1''') “''Harassment''” means engaging in conduct directed at a depicted person that is intended to cause substantial emotional harm to the depicted person.

* ('''2''') “''Nudity''” means:

::* (A) The showing of the human male or female genitals, pubic area, or buttocks without any covering or with less than a full opaque covering;

::* (B) The showing of the female breasts without any covering or with less than a full opaque covering; or

::* (C) The depiction of covered male genitals in a discernibly turgid state.

* ('''3''') “''Sexually explicit conduct” shall have the same meaning as set forth in Code Section 16-12-100 .

('''b''') '''A person violates this Code section if he or she, knowing the content of a transmission or post, knowingly and without the consent of the depicted person''':

* ('''1''') '''Electronically transmits or posts''', in one or more transmissions or posts, a photograph or video which depicts nudity or sexually explicit conduct of an adult, '''including a falsely created videographic or still image''', when the transmission or post is harassment or causes financial loss to the depicted person and serves no legitimate purpose to the depicted person; or

* ('''2''') '''Causes the electronic transmission or posting''', in one or more transmissions or posts, of a photograph or video which depicts nudity or sexually explicit conduct of an adult, '''including a falsely created videographic or still image''', when the transmission or post is harassment or causes financial loss to the depicted person and serves no legitimate purpose to the depicted person.

:Nothing in this Code section shall be construed to impose liability on an interactive computer service, as such term is defined in 47 U.S.C. 230(f)(2) , or an information service or telecommunications service, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. 153 , for content provided by another person.

('''c''') Any person who violates this Code section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of a high and aggravated nature; provided, however, that upon a second or subsequent violation of this Code section, he or she shall be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by imprisonment of not less than one nor more than five years, a fine of not more than $100,000.00, or both.

('''d''') A person shall be '''subject to prosecution in this state''' pursuant to Code Section 17-2-1 for any conduct made unlawful by this Code section which the person engages in while:

* ('''1''') '''Either within''' or '''outside of this state''' if, by such conduct, the person commits a violation of this Code section which involves an '''individual who resides in this state'''; or

* ('''2''') '''Within this state''' if, by such conduct, the person commits a violation of this Code section which involves an '''individual who resides within or outside this state'''.

('''e''') The provisions of subsection (b) of this Code section shall not apply to:

* ('''1''') The activities of law enforcement and prosecution agencies in the investigation and prosecution of criminal offenses;

* ('''2''') Legitimate medical, scientific, or educational activities;

* ('''3''') Any person who transmits or posts a photograph or video depicting only himself or herself engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct;

* ('''4''') The transmission or posting of a photograph or video that was originally made for commercial purposes;

* ('''5''') Any person who transmits or posts a photograph or video depicting a person voluntarily engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct in a public setting; or

* ('''6''') A transmission that is made pursuant to or in anticipation of a civil action.

('''f''') There shall be a rebuttable presumption that an information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server, including specifically a service or system that provides access to the Internet, for content provided by another person, does not know the content of an electronic transmission or post.

('''g''') Any violation of this Code section shall constitute a separate offense and shall not merge with any other crimes set forth in this title.</blockquote><ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com">

{{cite web
|url=https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html
|title=Georgia Code Title 16. Crimes and Offenses § 16-11-90
|last=
|first=
|date=2021-04-14
|website=[[w:FindLaw]]
|publisher=[[w:Georgia (U.S. state)]]
|access-date=2022-01-04
|quote=}}

</ref>

== Law against synthesis crimes in New York State in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of New York.svg|thumb|right|200px|New York State]]
=== New York State - CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy SECTION 52-C - Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual ===
[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/-CH6 '''CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights'''] [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/A5 '''ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual '''SECTION 52-C''' - '''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual''']<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list" />

'''The law is as follows:'''
<blockquote>
<big>'''§ 52-c''' - '''''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual.''''' </big><sup>Obs: There are 2 § 52-c's</sup>

'''1. For the purposes of this section:'''

* '''a.''' "'''''depicted individual'''''" means an individual who '''appears''', as a result of digitization, '''to be giving a performance they did not actually perform''' or '''to be performing in a performance that was actually performed by the depicted individual but was subsequently altered to be in violation of this section'''.

* '''b.''' "'''''digitization'''''" means to '''realistically depict the nude body parts of another human being as the nude body parts of the depicted individual''', '''computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the depicted individual''' or the '''depicted individual engaging in sexual conduct''', as defined in subdivision ten of section 130.00 of the penal law, '''in which the depicted individual did not engage'''.

* '''c.''' "''individual''" means a natural person.

* '''d.''' "''person''" means a human being or legal entity.

* '''e.''' "''sexually explicit material''" means any portion of an audio visual work that shows the depicted individual performing in the nude, meaning with an unclothed or exposed intimate part, as defined in section 245.15 of the penal law, or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct, as defined in subdivision ten of section 130.00 of the penal law.

'''2. a.''' A depicted individual shall have a '''cause of action''' against a person who, '''discloses''', '''disseminates''' or '''publishes''' sexually explicit material related to the depicted individual, and the person knows or reasonably should have known the depicted individual in that material '''did not consent''' to its '''creation''', disclosure, dissemination, or publication.

* '''b.''' It shall '''not be a defense''' to an action under this section that '''there is a disclaimer''' in the sexually explicit material that communicates that the inclusion of the depicted individual in the sexually explicit material was unauthorized or that the depicted individual did not participate in the creation or development of the material.

'''3. a.''' A depicted individual may only consent to the creation, disclosure, dissemination, or publication of sexually explicit material by knowingly and voluntarily signing an agreement written in plain language that includes a general description of the sexually explicit material and the audiovisual work in which it will be incorporated.

* '''b.''' A depicted individual may rescind consent by delivering written notice within three business days from the date consent was given to the person in whose favor consent was made, unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:

:* i. the depicted individual is given at least three business days to review the terms of the agreement before signing it; or

:* ii. if the depicted individual is represented, the attorney, talent agent, or personal manager authorized to represent the depicted individual provides additional written approval of the signed agreement.

'''4. a.''' A person is not liable under this section if:

:* i. the person discloses, disseminates or publishes the sexually explicit material in the course of reporting unlawful activity, exercising the person's law enforcement duties, or hearings, trials or other legal proceedings; or

:* ii. the sexually explicit material is a matter of legitimate public concern, a work of political or newsworthy value or similar work, or commentary, criticism or disclosure that is otherwise protected by the constitution of this state or the United States; provided that sexually explicit material shall not be considered of newsworthy value solely because the depicted individual is a public figure.

'''5.''' In any action commenced pursuant to this section, the finder of fact, in its discretion, '''may award injunctive relief''', '''punitive damages''', '''compensatory damages''', and '''reasonable court costs''' and '''attorney's fees'''.

'''6.''' A cause of action or special proceeding under this section shall be commenced the later of either:

* '''a.''' three years after the dissemination or publication of sexually explicit material; or

* '''b.''' one year from the date a person discovers, or reasonably should have discovered, the dissemination or publication of such sexually explicit material.

'''7.''' Nothing in this section shall be read to require a prior criminal complaint, prosecution or conviction to establish the elements of the cause of action provided for in this section.

'''8.''' The provisions of this section including the remedies are in addition to, and shall not supersede, any other rights or remedies available in law or equity.

'''9.''' If any provision of this section or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of this section which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this section are severable.

'''10.''' Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit, or to enlarge, the protections that 47 U.S.C. § 230 confers on an interactive
computer service for content provided by another information content provider, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. § 230.</blockquote><ref name="New York State Civil Rights CHAPTER 6, ARTICLE 5, SECTION 52-C">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual
|title= SECTION 52-C Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual
|last=
|first=
|date=2021-11-12
|website=nysenate.gov
|publisher=[[w:New York State Legislature]]
|access-date=2021-01-04
|quote=}}

</ref>

== Law against synthesis crimes in Florida 2025 ==
[https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2025/1161/?Tab=BillHistory '''''CS/CS/HB 1161: Removal of Altered Sexual Depictions Posted without Consent''''' at flsenate.gov] is set to become law in 2025

'''Reporting'''
* [https://floridapolitics.com/archives/733939-brookes-law-giving-deepfake-victims-recourse-against-platforms-will-head-to-governors-desk/ '''''‘Brooke’s Law,’ giving deepfake victims recourse against platforms, heads to Governor’s desk''''' at floridapolitics.com], April 2025 reporting by A.G. Gancarski

== Current bills in the USA ==

== 119th Congress ==
=== Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2025 (DEFIANCE Act of 2025) (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1837 '''''Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2025 (DEFIANCE Act of 2025)''''' at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of the US Senate bill S. 3696 - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images and Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024 (DEFIANCE Act of 2024) (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3696/text '''''S.3696 - DEFIANCE Act of 2024''''' at congress.gov], a bipartisan Senate bill against synthetic filth.

* [https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record/volume-170/issue-17/senate-section/article/S289-2 '''''Introductory Statement on S. 3696; Congressional Record Vol. 170, No. 17''''' at congress.gov] 2024-01-30
* [https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/press/releases/durbin-graham-klobuchar-hawley-introduce-defiance-act-to-hold-accountable-those-responsible-for-the-proliferation-of-nonconsensual-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-and-videos '''''Durbin, Graham, Klobuchar, Hawley Introduce DEFIANCE Act to Hold Accountable Those Responsible for the Proliferation of Nonconsensual, Sexually-Explicit “Deepfake” Images and Videos''''' at judiciary.senate.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>
* [https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118s3696is '''''S. 3696 (IS) - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024''''' at govinfo.gov]
* [https://www.durbin.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/defiance_act_of_2024.pdf '''DEFIANCE Act of 2024''' at durbin.senate.gov] explains that it would create ''a federal civil remedy for victims who are identifiable in a “digital forgery"''.

'''Reporting and commentary on DEFIANCE Act of 2024 bill'''
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/jan/30/taylor-swift-ai-deepfake-nonconsensual-sexual-images-bill '''''Taylor Swift AI images prompt US bill to tackle nonconsensual, sexual deepfakes''''' at theguardian.com]
* [https://www.theverge.com/2024/1/30/24056385/congress-defiance-act-proposed-ban-nonconsensual-ai-porn '''''Lawmakers propose anti-nonconsensual AI porn bill after Taylor Swift controversy''''' at theverge.com]

=== Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===

[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1027/text '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act)''''' at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of US House bill H.R.7123 - Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7123/text?s=1&r=3 '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-of-artificial-intelligence/the-terrifying-ai-scam-that-uses-your-loved-ones-voice</ref>

=== H.R.1941 - Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
This is a reintroduction of the older US House bill H.R. 3106 - Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3106/text '''''Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act''''' at congress.gov] was introduced in the House on 2023-05-05. It was [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/9631 a reintroduction of H.R. 9631 from the 117th Congress].

== State bills ==
=== NY Senate bill S6278 in the 2025-2026 regular session ===
This bill was reintroduced as [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S6278 S6278] to the 2025-2026 session.

[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S5583 '''NY Senate bill S5583 in the 2023-2024 regular session''' at nysenate.gov] would establish ''the crime of aggravated harassment by means of electronic or digital communication and provides for a private right of action for the unlawful dissemination or publication of deep fakes''.

== Past bills in the USA ==

=== US House bill H.R.6943 - No AI FRAUD Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6943/text '''No Artificial Intelligence Fake Replicas And Unauthorized Duplications Act of 2024''' or the ('''No AI FRAUD Act''') at congress.gov] was introduced to the 118th Congress 2nd session on 2024-01-24.<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>

=== US House bill H.R.5586 - Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023 (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5586/text “Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023” or the “DEEPFAKES Accountability Act” at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of earlier House bill H.R.3230 to the 118th Congress (2023-2024 session)

=== US Senate bill S1641 - Preventing Rampant Online Technological Exploitation and Criminal Trafficking Act of 2022 - (117th Congress) ===
The bill known as [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/4991/text?r=4&s=1 Senate bill '''S.4991''' - ''''''PROTECT Act'''''' at congress.gov] was read by Senator [[w:Mike Lee]] on Wednesday 2022-09-28 twice.

=== New York Senate bill - Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material - in regular session 2021-2022 ===
[[File:Flag of New York (1909–2020).png|thumb|right|200px|[[w:New York State Legislature]] regular session 2021-2022 is contemplating the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York senate bill '''S1641'''] and identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 assembly bill '''A6517'''] to ban sending unsolicited pornography.]]

Bill '''''Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material'''''' is essentially a bill that aims to ban sending unsolicited nudes.

In the 2021-2022 [[w:New York State Senate]] regular sessions, on 2021-01-14 Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored and Senators [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) and [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] of the New York State Senate co-sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law]. On 2021-03-19 an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] was introduced to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] by Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]).<ref group="1st seen in">

First seen in the [https://trackbill.com/search/#/related=%7B%22id%22:%221690501%22,%22state%22:%22CA%22,%22session%22:%222019%22,%22billId%22:%22AB602%22%7D&direction=desc&page=1&resultsPerPage=25&sort=relevancy&tracked&upcoming_hearings&type=bills&state=all&session suggestions for similar bills for Bills similar to CA AB602 by trackbill.com].

</ref>

If this bill passes it will be codified in the [[w:Consolidated Laws of New York]]. View the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York''' at nysenate.gov].

* '''Title of bill''': ''An act to amend the penal law, in relation to the creation of the criminal offense of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''

* '''Purpose''': ''The purpose of this bill is to make it unlawful to send sexually explicit material through electronic means unless the material is sent at the request of, or with the express consent of the recipient.''

* '''Summary of provisions''': Adds a '''new section 250.70''' to the penal law making it ''unlawful to knowingly transmit by electronic means visual material that depicts any person engaging in sexual conduct or with a person's intimate parts exposed unless the material is sent at the request of, or with the express consent of the recipient.

* '''Justification''': ''Currently under New York State law, indecent exposure in person is a crime, but it is not unlawful to send sexually explicit photos to nonconsenting adult recipients through electronic transmission. With the growing modem age of online dating, many individuals are receiving sexually explicit visual content without their consent from strangers. No person should be forced to view sexually explicit material without their consent.''

''The bill offers a clear deterrent to those considering sending unsolicited sexual pics and similar inappropriate conduct, and protects the
unwilling recipients who currently have no legal recourse for such abuses.

''What is illegal in the real world must be illegal in the digital world, and this legislation is a first step in the right direction in adding that accountability.''

* '''Legislative history''':
*# Senate - 2020 - S5949 Referred to Codes
*# Assembly - 2020 - A7801 Referred to Codes

* '''Fiscal implications''': ''Minimal''

* '''Effective date''': ''This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law.''

The text of the bill is, as of 2021-03-24, as follows:

:"Section 1. The penal law is amended by adding a new section 250.70 to read as follows:

:'''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL'''''.

:A person is guilty of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material if a person knowingly transmits by electronic means visual material that depicts any person engaging in sexual conduct or with a person's intimate parts exposed or depicts the covered genitals of a male person that are in a discernibly turgid state and such visual material is not sent at the request of or with the express consent of the recipient. For purposes of this section the term "intimate parts" means the naked genitals, pubic area, anus, or female postpubescent nipple of the person and the term "sexual conduct" shall have the same meaning as defined in [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/130.00 section 130.00 (Sex offenses; definitions of terms)] of this chapter. Unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material is a class a misdemeanor.

:'''§ 2'''. This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law."

----
<gallery>
File:Nopic.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law].
File:LIRR Elmont, Brian Benjamin (cropped).jpg|thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Todd_Kaminsky_Head_Shot.jpg||thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Aileen_Gunther.jpg|thumb|260px|NY Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]) presented an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] on 2021-03-19.
* [[w:New York State Legislature]]
</gallery>

=== US Senate bill - Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - 2019-2020 US Senate session (116th Congress) ===
The Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act (SISE) was a bill introduced to the 2019-2020 session of the US Senate.
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/5054?r=1&s=1 US Senate Bill ''''''S.5054''' - '''Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''''' at congress.gov]

=== US House bill - H.R.3230 - DEEP FAKES Accountability Act (116th Congress) ===

* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230/text '''H.R.3230''' - '''''DEEP FAKES Accountability Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> also known as ''Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2019'' and it aimed to include requirements for producers of synthetic human-like fakes '' to generally comply with certain [[w:Digital watermarking|w:digital watermark]] and disclosure requirements''.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230</ref>

=== US Senate bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress) ===
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/3805/text '''S.3805''' - '''''Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry">
Chatting with ChatGPT 2023

* First I asked ChatGPT to "''list some legislative approaches against so-called "deep fakes" or "deepfakes"''" and it mentioned the Singaporean [[#Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]] and the [[#Bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress)]]

</ref> aimed at criminalizing synthesizing human-likeness media for intent of breaking federal, state, local or tribal law

----

----

= Law proposals =
== Law proposals against synthetic filth by [[User:Juho Kunsola|Juho Kunsola]] ==

* '''Audience''': Developed with suitability for national, supranational and UN treaty levels.
* '''Writing context''':
** Written from context of inclusion to '''criminal codes'''.
** I'm a Finn so this has been worded to fit in the [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1889/18890039001#L24 Chapter 24 of the Criminal Code of Finland (in Finnish at finlex.fi)] titled "''Offences against privacy, public peace and personal reputation''"
** [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039 Access the English translations of the Finnish Criminal Code at finlex.fi] or [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039_20150766.pdf go straight to the latest .pdf from 2016]. Chapter 24 starts on page 107.
* '''History''': This version is an evolution of a Finnish language original written in 2016.

[[File:Suomen lippu valokuva.png|right|thumb|260px|[[w:Finland]] has very logical and very [https://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/ accessible laws], but also here we need updating of the laws for this age of industrial disinformation.]]

Existing law in <big>Chapter 24. of the Finnish Criminal Code - "''Offences against privacy, public peace and personal reputation''"</big> seems to be ineffective against many [[synthetic human-like fakes|synthetic human-like fake attack]] and seems it could be used to frame victims for crimes with [[synthetic human-like fakes#Digital sound-alikes|digital sound-alikes]].

The portions affected by or affecting the synthetic filth situation in bold font:

* Section 1 - Invasion of domestic premises (879/2013)
* Section 1(a) - '''Harassing communications''' (879/2013)
* Section 2 - Aggravated invasion of domestic premises (531/2000)
* Section 3 - Invasion of public premises (585/2005)
* Section 4 - Aggravated invasion of public premises (531/2000)
* Section 5 - '''Eavesdropping''' (531/2000)
* Section 6 - '''Illicit observation''' (531/2000)
* Section 7 - '''Preparation of eavesdropping or illicit observation''' (531/2000)
* Section 8 - '''Dissemination of information violating personal privacy''' (879/2013)
* Section 8(a) - '''Aggravated dissemination of information violating personal privacy''' (879/2013)
* Section 9 - '''Defamation''' (879/2013)
* Section 10 - '''Aggravated defamation''' (879/2013)
* Section 11 - Definition (531/2000)
* Section 12 - '''Right to bring charges''' (879/2013)
* Section 13 - '''Corporate criminal liability''' (511/2011)

[[File:The-diffuse-reflection-deducted-from-the-specular-reflection-Debevec-2000.png|thumb|right|260px|Subtraction of the diffuse reflection from the specular reflection. Image is scaled for luminocity. Diffuse reflection is acquired by placing polarizers in 90 degree angle and specular with 0 degree angle.
<br /><br />
[[:File:Deb-2000-reflectance-separation.png|Original picture]] by [[w:Paul Debevec|Debevec]] et al. - Copyright ACM 2000 https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=311779.344855]]

=== Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth ===

==== §1 Models of human appearance ====

A '''model of human appearance''' means
::* A realistic '''3D model'''
::* A '''[[Glossary#Bidirectional reflectance distribution function|7D bidirectional reflectance distribution function]] model'''
::* A '''direct-to-2D''' capable [[w:machine learning]] model
::* Or a model made with any technology whatsoever, that looks deceivingly like the target person.

==== §2 Producing synthetic pornography ====
Making '''projections''', still or videographic, where targets are portrayed in a '''nude''' or in a '''sexual situation''' from models of human appearance defined in §1 '''without express consent''' of the targets is '''illegal'''.

==== §3 Distributing synthetic pornography ====
'''Distributing''', '''making available''', '''public display''', '''purchase''', '''sale''', '''yielding''', '''import''' and '''export''' of non-authorized '''synthetic pornography''' defined in §2 are '''punishable'''.<ref group="footnote">People who are found in possession of this synthetic pornography should probably not be penalized, but rather advised to get some help.</ref>

==== §4 Aggravated producing and distributing synthetic pornography ====
If the media described in §2 or §3 is made or distributed with the '''intent''' to '''frame for a crime''' or for '''blackmail''', the crime should be judged as '''aggravated'''.

==== Afterwords ====
The original idea I had was to ban both the raw materials i.e. the models to make the visual synthetic filth and also the end product weaponized synthetic pornography, but then in July 2019 it appeared to me that [[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]] could really help in this age of industrial disinformation if it were built, trained and operational. Banning modeling of human appearance was in conflict with the revised plan.

It is safe to assume that collecting permissions to model each pornographic recording is not plausible, so an interesting question is that can we ban covert modeling from non-pornographic pictures, while still retaining the ability to model all porn found on the Internet.

In case we want to pursue banning modeling people's appearance from non-pornographic images/videos without explicit permission be pursued it must be <font color="green">formulated</font> so that this <font color="red">'''does not make'''</font> <big>'''[[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]]'''</big> <font color="red">illegal</font> / <font color="red">impossible</font>. This would seem to lead to a weird situation where modeling a human from non-pornographic media would be illegal, but modeling from pornography legal.

=== Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice ===
{{#ev:youtube|0sR1rU3gLzQ|360px|right|[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sR1rU3gLzQ Video 'This AI Clones Your Voice After Listening for 5 Seconds' by '2 minute papers' at YouTube] describes the voice thieving machine by Google Research in [[w:NeurIPS|w:NeurIPS]] 2018.}}

'''Motivation''': The current situation where the criminals can freely trade and grow their libraries of stolen voices is unwise.

==== §1 Unauthorized modeling of a human voice ====
'''Acquiring''' such a '''model of a human's voice''', that '''deceptively resembles''' some '''dead''' or '''living''' person's voice and the '''possession''', '''purchase''', '''sale''', '''yielding''', '''import''' and '''export''' '''without''' the '''express consent''' of the target are '''punishable'''.

==== §2 Application of unauthorized voice models ====
'''Producing''' and '''making available''' media from covert voice models defined in §1 is '''punishable'''.

==== §3 Aggravated application of unauthorized voice models ====
If the produced media is for a '''purpose''' to
::* '''frame''' a '''human''' target or targets for '''crimes'''
::* to attempt '''extortion''' or
::* to '''defame the target''',
the crime should be judged as '''aggravated'''.

----

= Resources and reporting on law =

== AI and law in general ==

[[File:LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg|thumb|right|340px|[[w:Library of Congress]] ([https://loc.gov/ loc.gov]) reading room]]

''' Reviews and regulation '''
From the '''[[w:Library of Congress]]''':

* [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/index.php ''''''Regulation of Artificial Intelligence'''''' at loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/compsum.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Comparative Summary' at loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/international.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: International and Regional Approaches' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/americas.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: The Americas and the Caribbean' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/asia-pacific.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: East/South Asia and the Pacific' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/europe-asia.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Europe and Central Asia' loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/middleeast-northafrica.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Middle East and North Africa' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/africa.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Sub-Saharan Africa' (loc.gov)]

'''[[w:Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher|w:Gibson Dunn & Crutcher]]''' (gibsondunn.com) publishes a quarterly legal update on 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems'. Gibson Dunn & Crutcher is a global [[w:law firm|w:law firm]], founded in Los Angeles in 1890.
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-4q18/ ''''''Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update'''''' Quarter 4 2018 at Gibson & Dunn]
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-1q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 1 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-2q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 2 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-3q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 3 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-automated-systems-legal-update-4q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 4 2019']

''' From Europe'''
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|180px|The [[w:European Union]]'s [[w:European Parliament|Parliament]]'s [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] on [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives].]]
* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf ''''''The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives'''''' (.pdf) at europarl.europa.eu], a March 2020 study by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] Starting from page 37 the .pdf lists organizations in the field.

== Synthetic filth in the law and media ==
* [https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4409&context=vlr ''''''"The New Weapon of Choice": Law's Current Inability to Properly Address Deepfake Pornography'''''' at scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu], October 2020 Notes by Anne Pechenik Gieseke published in the The [[w:Vanderbilt Law Review]], the flagship [[w:academic journal]] of [[w:Vanderbilt University Law School]].
* [https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/07/08/deepfakes-and-synthetic-media-in-financial-system-assessing-threat-scenarios-pub-82237 ''''''Deepfakes and Synthetic Media in the Financial System: Assessing Threat Scenarios'''''' at carnegieendowment.org], a 2020-07-08 assessment identifies some types of criminalities that can be made using [[synthetic human-like fakes]].
* [https://ssri.duke.edu/news/don%E2%80%99t-believe-your-eyes-or-ears-weaponization-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-and ''''''Don’t Believe Your Eyes (or Ears): The Weaponization of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deepfakes'''''' at ssri.duke.edu], an October 2019 news article by Joe Littell, published by the Social Science Research Institute at the [[w:Duke University]]
* [https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/dltr/vol17/iss1/4/ ''''''Deepfakes: False Pornography Is Here and the Law Cannot Protect You'''''' at scholarship.law.duke.edu], published in 2019 in the [[w:Duke Law Journal|Duke Law Journal]], a student-run law review.
* [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-20/deepfake-porn-political-ads-push-states-to-curb-rampant-ai-use '''''States Are Rushing to Regulate Deepfakes as AI Goes Mainstream''''' at bloomberg.com] (paywalled), June 2023 reporting on US legislation against synthetic human-like fakes. It lists CA, WA, WY, MN, TX, GA and VA as having anti-deepfake laws and lists LA, IL, MA and NJ as planning to legislate.

== The countries that have unfortunately banned full face veil ==

{{Q|There are currently 16 nations that have banned the burqa (not to be confused with the hijab), including [[w:Tunisia]],<ref name="reuters.com">

{{cite news
|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-tunisia-niqab-security-idUKKCN1U01CH
|title= Tunisian PM bans wearing of niqab in public institutions
|date=5 July 2019
|access-date=2021-03-13
|newspaper= Reuters
}}

</ref> [[w:Austria]], [[w:Denmark]], [[w:France]], [[w:Belgium]], [[w:Tajikistan]], [[w:Latvia]],<ref name="independent.co.uk">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/islamic-muslim-face-veil-niqab-burqa-banned-latvia-despite-being-worn-by-just-three-women-entire-a6993991.html
|title=A European government has banned Islamic face veils despite them being worn by just three women
|date=21 April 2016
|access-date=2021-03-13
}}

</ref> [[w:Bulgaria]],<ref>

[https://www.smh.com.au/world/bulgaria-the-latest-european-country-to-ban-the-burqa-and-niqab-in-public-places-20160930-grss9q.html Bulgaria the latest European country to ban the burqa and [niqab in public places], Smh.com.au: accessed 5 December 2016.

</ref> [[w:Cameroon]], [[w:Chad]], [[w:Congo-Brazzaville]], [[w:Gabon]], [[w:Netherlands]],<ref>
{{cite news
|last1=Halasz
|first1=Stephanie
|last2=McKenzie
|first2=Sheena
|title=The Netherlands introduces burqa ban in some public spaces
|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/27/europe/netherlands-partial-burqa-ban-intl/index.html
|access-date=2021-03-13
|agency=CNN
|issue=27 June 2018
|publisher=CNN
|date=27 June 2018
}}

</ref> [[w:China]],<ref>
{{cite news
|last1=Phillips
|first1=Tom
|title=China bans burqa in capital of Muslim region of Xinjiang
|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/11342070/China-bans-burqa-in-capital-of-Muslim-region-of-Xinjiang.html
|access-date=2021-03-13
|agency=The Telegraph
|issue=13 January 2015
|newspaper=The Telegraph
|date=13 January 2015
}}

</ref> [[w:Morocco]], and [[w:Switzerland]].|Wikipedia|[[w:Hijab by country]] as of 2021-03-13}}

Taking into consideration these times of industrial disinformation, it is vicious and uncivilized to have laws banning wearing a the full face veil in public.

== Quotes on the current laws and their application ==
{{#lst:Quotes|FinalLineOfDefenseForTheTimeBeing}}

----

= Footnotes =
<references group="footnote" />

= 1st seen in =
<references group="1st seen in" />

= References =
<references />

[[Category:In English]]
[[Category:Law]]
[[Category:Antifake]]

Laws against synthesis and other related crimes

2025-08-22T15:23:13Z

Juho Kunsola: /* Denmark */ fmt to <ref name="euronews-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025">

[[File:No-synthetic-F.png|thumb|right|260px|link=Main Page|This article is an attempt to track legislation against '''[[synthetic human-like fakes]]''' world-wide.]]
[[File:Screenshot at 27s of a moving digital-look-alike made to appear Obama-like by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed 2018.png|thumb|right|480px|link=Mediatheque/2018/Obama's appearance thieved - a public service announcement digital look-alike by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Obama-like-fake-2018}}]]
[[File:Appearance of Richard Nixon stolen by the Center for Advanced Virtuality of MIT for their awareness raising project In The Event of Moon Disaster 2020 screenshot at 376s.png|thumb|rightr|480px|link=Mediatheque/2020/Nixon's appearance and voice stolen - a public service announcement digital look-alike and sound-alike by MIT's Center for Advanced Virtuality|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Nixon-like-fake-2020}}]]
[[File:Justice scale silhouette, medium.svg|thumb|right|200px|Do you know of a law or jurisdiction that this list does not include? Add it! Or let us know through the chat in the lower-righthand side!]]

This article contains some current laws against abusive uses of synthetic human-like fakes and also information what kind of laws are being prepared and two SSFWIKI original law proposals, [[#Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth|one against digital look-alikes]] and [[#Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice|one against digital sound-alikes]].

'''Information elsewhere / legal information compilations''' (recommended)
<section begin=anti-fake-law-compilations/>
* <section begin=ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker/>[https://legislation.ballotpedia.org/ai-deepfakes/home '''''AI deepfake legislation tracker''''' at legislation.ballotpedia.org] by Ballotpedia.org for tracking US legislation.<section end=ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker/>
* {{#lst:Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|cybercivilrights.org law compilations}}
* <section begin=responsible.ai 2023/>[https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches '''''A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches''''' at responsible.ai]<ref name="responsible.ai 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches
| title = A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches
| last = Lawson
| first = Amanda
| date = 2023-04-24
| website = responsible.ai
| publisher = Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> April 2023 compilation and reporting by Amanda Lawson of the Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute.<section end=responsible.ai 2023/>
* <section begin=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>[https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/ '''''The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology''''' at legaljournal.princeton.edu]<ref name="Princeton Legal Journal 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/
| title = The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology
| last = Quirk
| first = Caroline
| date = 2023-06-19
| website = legaljournal.princeton.edu
| publisher = Princeton Legal Journal
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}

</ref> compilation and reporting by Caroline Quirk. PLJ is Princeton’s only student-run law review.<section end=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>
* <section begin=tech policy press 2023/>[https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/ '''''Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography''''' at techpolicy.press]<ref name="tech policy press 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/
| title = Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography
| last = Williams
| first = Kaylee
| date = 2023-05-15
| website = techpolicy.press
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> May 2023 compilation and reporting by Kaylee Williams<section end=tech policy press 2023/>

* <section begin=Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA/>[https://foundationra.com/deepfake-ai-laws/ '''''Deepfake AI laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com], [https://foundationra.com/sextortion-laws/ '''''Sextortion laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com] and [https://foundationra.com/revenge-porn-laws-us/ '''''Revenge porn laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com] compilations by [https://foundationra.com/ Foundation RA]<section end=Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA/>
* <section begin=Onfido 2024/>[https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/ '''''Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?''''' at onfido.com]<ref name="Onfido 2024">
{{cite web
| url = https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/
| title = Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?
| last = Owen
| first = Aled
| date = 2024-02-02
| website = onfido.com
| publisher = Onfido
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> February 2024 summary and compilation by Aled Owen, Director of Global Policy at Onfido (for-profit)<section end=Onfido 2024/>

* <section begin=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>[https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html '''''Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?''''' at criminaldefenselawyer.com] <ref name="criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html
| title = Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?
| last = Pirius
| first = Rebecca
| date = 2024-02-07
| website = Criminaldefenselawyer.com
| publisher = [[w:Nolo (publisher)]]
| access-date = 2024-02-22
| quote =
}}

</ref> by Rebecca Pirius is a good bring-together of the current illegality/legality situation in the USA federally and state-wise. Published by [[w:Nolo (publisher)]], updated Feb 2024<section end=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>

* <section begin=tclf 2023/>[https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/ '''''Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace''''' at tclf.in]<ref name="tclf 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/
| title = Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace
| last = Rastogi
| first = Janvhi
| date = 2023-10-16
| website = tclf.in
| publisher = The Contemporary Law Forum
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> October 2023 compilation and reporting by Janvhi Rastogi, published in the The Contemporary Law Forum.<section end=tclf 2023/>

* <section begin=endcyberabuse.org/>[https://endcyberabuse.org/country-factsheets/ '''''The Law on Image-Based Sexual Abuse Worldwide''''' at endcyberabuse.org] contains information for Bangladesh, Canada, England and Wales, France, Germany, India, Japan, Pakistan, Philippines and the USA.<section end=endcyberabuse.org/>
<section end=anti-fake-law-compilations/>

'''New laws'''
* [[#UK|UK]]'s [[#Online Safety Act 2023|Online Safety Act 2023]] has been passed to law and reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.
* The [[#EU|European Union]] has finalized a law package to regulate AI called the [[#Artificial Intelligence Act|Artificial Intelligence Act]]

'''New bills are currently in the works in'''
* Current [[#Bills in the EU|bills in the EU]] of high importance are the almost finalized [[#Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence|Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence]] and the [[#Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse|Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]
* [[#Current bills in the USA|US Senate is considering an anti-fake bill and the House is considering several bills]]
* [[#Canada|Canada]] is considering C-27
* [[#China|China]] seems to be planning to ban all synthetic pornography, however consensual its making was

'''Bills that didn't make it'''
* [[#Canada|Canada's House of Commons]] was considering banning all pornographic content, for which there is no proof-of-age and written consent from everybody visible in the pornographic recording.
* [[#Past bills in the USA|Past bills in the USA]]

= International =
The '''[[w:Convention on Cybercrime]]''', also known as the '''Budapest Convention on Cybercrime''' or the '''Budapest Convention''', is the first international [[w:treaty]] seeking to address [[w:Internet]] and [[w:computer crime]] (cybercrime) harmonizing [[w:municipal law|national laws]], improving investigative techniques, and increasing cooperation among nations.<ref>[https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=185 Convention on Cybercrime, Budapest, 23 November 2001.]</ref> (Wikipedia) The. convention was signed on 2001-11-23

'''[[w:Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime]]''', concerning the criminalisation of acts of a racist and xenophobic nature committed through computer systems is an additional protocol to the [[w:Council of Europe]] Convention on Cybercrime.

= Australia =

[[File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|thumb|right|200px|Australia]]

== Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Act 2024 ==
'''The Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024'''<ref group="1st seen in">ChatGPT Deep research on augmenting this list of laws</ref> criminalized the creation, distribution, and even possession of explicit synthetic human-like fakes without consent.<ref name="GLI2024">https://www.globallegalinsights.com/news/australia-introduces-legislation-to-combat-deepfake-sexual-material/</ref>

Those who create a sexual deepfake of someone without consent face up to 10 years in prison. Those who share or distribute such material (even if they didn’t create it) can get up to 7 years, and merely possessing deepfake porn can lead to 5 years behind bars. Penalties escalate for aggravated cases – if the deepfake is used to harass or blackmail or if the victim is a minor, sentences can reach 15 years.<ref name="GLI2024"/>

'''Official'''
* [https://ministers.ag.gov.au/media-centre/new-criminal-laws-combat-sexually-explicit-deepfakes-21-08-2024 '''''New criminal laws to combat sexually explicit deepfakes''''' at ministers.ag.gov.au]
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/bd/bd2324a/24bd081 '''''Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024 digest''' at aph.gov.au] by Owen Griffiths.
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_LEGislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r7205 '''''Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024''''' progression summary at aph.gov.au]

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.globallegalinsights.com/news/australia-introduces-legislation-to-combat-deepfake-sexual-material/ '''''Australia introduces legislation to combat deepfake sexual material''''' at globallegalinsights.com]

== Online Safety Act 2021 ==

The [https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2021A00076/latest/text '''Online Safety Act 2021''' at legislation.gov.au]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing paper">https://equalitynow.org/resource/briefing-paper-deepfake-image-based-sexual-abuse-tech-facilitated-sexual-exploitation-and-the-law/</ref> regulates the non-consensual sharing or threatening to share sexual images.

If the synthetic fake human-like images depict illegal and restricted online content, then the Online Content Scheme, as defined in the Online Safety Act 2021, may apply.<ref name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing">https://equalitynow.org/resource/briefing-paper-deepfake-image-based-sexual-abuse-tech-facilitated-sexual-exploitation-and-the-law/</ref>

[https://www.esafety.gov.au/ '''Office of the eSafety Commissioner''' at esafety.gov.au] is Australia's independent regulator for online safety.

'''Links'''
* [https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/whats-on/online-safety-act '''''Learn about the Online Safety Act''''' at esafety.gov.au]
* [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-technology-communications/internet/online-safety/current-legislation '''''Key elements of the Online Safety Act 2021''''' at infrastructure.gov.au]
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_LEGislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r6680 '''Online Safety Bill 2021''' at aph.gov.au]
* [https://foundationra.com/australia/ '''Revenge porn laws in Australia''' at foundationra.com]

= Canada =
[[File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg|thumb|right|200px|House of Commons of Canada was contemplating banning distribution of all pornography for which there are no consent declarations and proof-of-age for the people depicted.]]

The existing Canadian law ban the distribution of non-consensual disclosure of intimate images.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

== Active bills in Canada ==
=== Digital Charter Implementation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-27 ===
[https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/c-27 '''''Digital Charter Implementation Act''''' at parl.ca] or ''An Act to enact the Consumer Privacy Protection Act, the Personal Information and Data Protection Tribunal Act and the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act and to make consequential and related amendments to other Acts''

== Past bills in Canada ==
=== Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-270 ===

* [https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading House of Commons of Canada bill '''C-270''' ''''''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'''''' at parl.ca], an act to amend the [[w:Criminal Code (Canada)|Criminal Code]] regarding pornography was first read to the Commons by [[w:Arnold Viersen]] on Thursday 2022-04-28 at 10:15.

According to [https://www.townandcountrytoday.com/local-news/mp-submits-private-members-bill-for-second-time-5346232 townandcountrytoday.com] the author of the bill introduced an identical bill '''C-302''' on Thursday 2021-05-27, but that got killed off by oncoming federal elections

'''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''' - '''An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)''' is a private member's bill by Arnold Viersen ([https://www.arnoldviersen.ca/ Official Site at arnoldviersen.ca])

'''Summary of the C-270 from parl.ca'''
<blockquote>
"''This enactment amends the Criminal Code to prohibit a person from making, distributing or advertising pornographic material for commercial purposes without having first ascertained that, at the time the material was made, '''each person''' whose image is '''depicted''' in the material was '''18 years of age''' or older and '''gave their express consent''' to their image being depicted.''"</blockquote><ref name="Canada C-270">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading
|title= Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)
|last=Viersen
|first=Arnold
|date=2022-04-28
|website=parl.ca
|publisher=[[w:House of Commons of Canada]]
|access-date=2022-10-06
|quote=}}

</ref>

'''Sommaire en français / Summary in French'''
<blockquote>
''Le texte modifie le Code criminel afin d’interdire à toute personne de produire ou de distribuer du matériel pornographique à des fins commerciales, ou d’en faire la publicité, sans s’être au préalable assurée qu’au moment de la production du matériel, '''chaque personne''' dont l’image y est représentée '''était âgée de dix-huit ans''' ou plus et '''avait donné son consentement exprès''' à ce que son image y soit représentée''.</blockquote><ref>Bilingual version of C-270 https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf</ref>

'''Links'''

* [https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' in English et en français at publications.gc.ca]
* [https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/C-270 Parliament of Canada LEGISinfo: C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at parl.ca] in English
* [https://openparliament.ca/bills/44-1/C-270/ C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at openparliament.ca] includes motivation of Mr. Arnold Viersen and the co-sponsor of the bill Mr. Garnett Genuis.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.conservative.ca/mp-viersen-reintroduces-the-stopping-internet-sexual-exploitation-sise-act/ ''MP Viersen reintroduces the Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation (SISE) Act'' at conservative.ca]

----

= China =
This information should be updated.
[[File:Flag of China.png|thumb|right|200px|China passed a law requiring faked footage to be labeled as such, effective 2020-01-01]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in China ==

=== Mandatory labeling of fake media in China since 2020 ===
<section begin=China2020 />On Wednesday January 1 2020 Chinese law requiring that synthetically faked footage should bear a clear notice about its fakeness came into effect. Failure to comply could be considered a [[w:crime]] the [[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]] ([http://www.cac.gov.cn/ cac.gov.cn]) stated on its website. China announced this new law in November 2019.<ref name="Reuters2019">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-technology/china-seeks-to-root-out-fake-news-and-deepfakes-with-new-online-content-rules-idUSKBN1Y30VU
| title = China seeks to root out fake news and deepfakes with new online content rules
| last =
| first =
| date = 2019-11-29
| website = [[w:Reuters.com]]
| publisher = [[w:Reuters]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref> The Chinese government seems to be reserving the right to prosecute both users and [[w:online video platform]]s failing to abide by the rules. <ref name="TheVerge2019">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/29/20988363/china-deepfakes-ban-internet-rules-fake-news-disclosure-virtual-reality
| title = China makes it a criminal offense to publish deepfakes or fake news without disclosure
| last = Statt
| first = Nick
| date = 2019-11-29
| website =
| publisher = [[w:The Verge]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref>
<section end=China2020 />

=== Deep Synthesis Provisions 2023 ===
On Tuesday 2023-01-10 the Deep Synthesis Provisions came into effect. It was originally drafted in 2022 by the '''[[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]]''' as [https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/deep-synthesis-draft/ '''''Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis Internet Information Services''''' (Draft for solicitation of comments) at chinalawtranslate.com] or [http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-01/28/c_1644970458520968.htm view the Chinese language draft '''''国家互联网信息办公室关于《互联网信息服务深度合成管理规定（征求意见稿）》公开征求意见的通知''''' at cac.gov.cn]<ref group="1st seen in">'''Politico AI: Decoded''' mailing list Wednesday 2022-02-02</ref>.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://thediplomat.com/2023/03/chinas-new-legislation-on-deepfakes-should-the-rest-of-asia-follow-suit/ '''''China’s New Legislation on Deepfakes: Should the Rest of Asia Follow Suit?''''' at thediplomat.com] March 2023 reporting
----
= Denmark =
[[File:Animated flag GIFGIFs Denmark.gif|thumb|right|300px|Denmark is considering a novel approach against synthetic filth, by planning to give Danes copyright over their own appearance and voice, a shift from previous legislative approaches against [[synthetic human-like fakes]].]]
Denmark is currently considering changing its laws so that each Dane would have copyright over their own appearance and voice. The Danish approach is novel because it creates a [[w:Right to property|w:property right]] in one’s biometric identity, treating voice/appearance like [[w:intellectual property]], whereas the previous legislative steps elsewhere have been harms-based.

The legislative proposal comes from the Department of Culture of Denmark and is said to have massive support among MPs.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/> The planned changes to Danish copyright law will, once approved, theoretically give people in Denmark the right to demand that online platforms remove content that is in violation of a Danish human's copyright.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/> Parodies and satire get an exception and would still be permitted.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/>

{{Q|“I am extremely proud that we are now sending an unequivocal signal to all citizens that they have the right to their own body, their own voice, and their own facial features.
In a time when technology has outpaced legislation, I am pleased that so many parties in Parliament are joining to protect artists and everyday people from the digital identity theft that can now be done with just a few clicks.
We must not accept that human beings can simply go through the digital copy machine and be misused for all sorts of purposes.
Technology is developing rapidly, and in the future it will be even harder to distinguish reality from fiction in the digital world.
Therefore, it is high time that we build a safeguard against the spread of misinformation while also sending a clear signal to the tech giants.”|Jakob Engel-Schmidt, Culture Minister of Denmark (translated)<ref>https://kum.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/bred-aftale-om-deepfakes-giver-alle-ret-til-egen-krop-og-egen-stemme translation by ChatGPT</ref>|the Danish law initiative to give humans copyright to their own voice and appearance}}

'''Official'''
* [https://kum.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/bred-aftale-om-deepfakes-giver-alle-ret-til-egen-krop-og-egen-stemme '''''Bred aftale om deepfakes giver alle ret til egen krop og egen stemme''''' at kum.dk] press release of the Ministry of Culture on the new planned biometrics copyright protection bill Thursday 2025-06-26

'''Reporting'''

* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jun/27/deepfakes-denmark-copyright-law-artificial-intelligence '''''Denmark to tackle deepfakes by giving people copyright to their own features''''' at theguardian.com] by Miranda Bryant 2025-06-27<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025">
{{cite web
|last = Bryant
|first = Miranda
|date = 2025-06-27
|title = Denmark to tackle deepfakes by giving people copyright to their own features
|url = https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jun/27/deepfakes-denmark-copyright-law-artificial-intelligence
|website = theguardian.com
|location = UK
|publisher = The Guardian
|access-date = 2026-08-22
|quote = The Danish culture minister, Jakob Engel-Schmidt, said he hoped the bill before parliament would send an “unequivocal message” that everybody had the right to the way they looked and sounded. He told the Guardian: “In the bill we agree and are sending an unequivocal message that everybody has the right to their own body, their own voice and their own facial features, which is apparently not how the current law is protecting people against generative AI.”
}}
</ref>
* [https://www.euronews.com/next/2025/06/30/denmark-fights-back-against-deepfakes-with-copyright-protection-what-other-laws-exist-in-e '''''Denmark fights back against deepfakes with copyright protection. What other laws exist in Europe?''''' at euronews.com]<ref name="euronews-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025">
{{cite web
|last = Desmarais
|first = Anna
|date = 2025-06-30
|title = Denmark fights back against deepfakes with copyright protection. What other laws exist in Europe?
|url = https://www.euronews.com/next/2025/06/30/denmark-fights-back-against-deepfakes-with-copyright-protection-what-other-laws-exist-in-e
|website = euronews.com
|location = EU
|publisher = Euronews
|access-date = 2025-08-22
|quote = Denmark will give people copyright over their own likenesses as a way to fight back against generated “deepfake” videos, as countries around the world grapple with the rapid rise of artificial intelligence (AI). In a statement, the Danish government said the bill, which has been agreed upon by all major parties, will make it illegal to share deepfakes and other “digital imitations” of a person’s characteristics. “We are now sending an unequivocal signal to all citizens that you have the right to your own body, your own voice and your own facial features,” Denmark’s culture minister Jakob Engel-Schmidt said in a statement.
}}
</ref> reporting and outline of laws in other EU countries by Anna Desmarais 2025-06-30
* [https://lsj.com.au/articles/denmark-proposes-copyright-laws-to-protect-against-deepfakes/ '''''Denmark proposes copyright laws to protect against deepfakes''''' at lsj.com.au] reporting and analysis by Cat Woods 2025-07-16
* [https://www.indiatimes.com/news/your-face-your-rights-denmarks-tough-new-deepfake-law-could-change-how-ai-imitations-are-handled-across-europe/articleshow/122759842.html ''''''Your face, your rights': Denmark’s tough new Deepfake law could change how AI imitations are handled across Europe''''' at indiatimes.com] reporting putting the new move in bigger context, by Nancy Jaiswal 2025-07-10

----

= EU =
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|200px|The EU must address the malicious uses of AI in the law it is planning to regulate AI.]]
== Laws in the EU ==
=== Artificial Intelligence Act ===

The European Union has a law on AI called '''[[w:Artificial Intelligence Act]]'''. The European Commission proposed the AI Act in 2021. On Wednesday 2024-03-13 the MEPs adopted this law.<ref>

{{cite web
| url = https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law
| title = Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law
| last =
| first =
| date = 2024-03-13
| website = europarl.europa.eu
| publisher = [[w:European Parliament]]
| access-date = 2024-03-22
| quote = The regulation, agreed in negotiations with member states in December 2023, was endorsed by MEPs with 523 votes in favour, 46 against and 49 abstentions.
}}

</ref> The AI Act will have a key role in the effective implementation of upcoming EU [[#Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence|Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence]] and [[#Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse|Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]] that intend to protect us against synthetic pornography.

* European '''Artificial Intelligence Act''' has been approved by the member countries and is on track to be approved by April 2024.<ref>https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-artificial-intelligence-act-ai-technology-risk-rules/</ref> Read [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206 Proposal for a '''''REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL LAYING DOWN HARMONISED RULES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACT) AND AMENDING CERTAIN UNION LEGISLATIVE ACTS''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu]<ref group="1st seen in">https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/the-act/ via https://futureoflife.org/ newsletter</ref> (also contains translations)

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-europe-fit-for-the-digital-age/file-regulation-on-artificial-intelligence '''''Artificial intelligence act''''' in the Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu]

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law '''''Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a press announcement on the adoption of the Artificial Intelligence Act on Wednesday 2024-03-13.

'''Studies and information'''

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/stoa/en/document/EPRS_STU(2021)690039 '''''Tackling deepfakes in European policy''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a 2021 study by the Panel for the Future of Science and Technology and published by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]]. [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/690039/EPRS_STU(2021)690039_EN.pdf View .pdf at europarl.europa.eu]
* [https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/ '''''The EU Artificial Intelligence Act''''' at artificialintelligenceact.eu] is a website promising ''Up-to-date developments and analyses of the EU AI Act'' on the new EU law by the [https://futureoflife.org/ Future of Life Institute], an American non-profit NGO.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euractiv.com/section/artificial-intelligence/opinion/the-ai-act-vs-deepfakes-a-step-forward-but-is-it-enough/ '''''The AI Act vs. deepfakes: A step forward, but is it enough?''''' at euractiv.com], 2024-02-26 opinion piece by Cristina Vanberghen

=== Digital Services Act ===
[https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/digital-services-act-package '''The Digital Services Act''' package at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] [[w:Digital Services Act]] (DSA) came into force in November 2022.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

The Artificial Intelligence Act and Digital Services Act together will help in the enforcement of the upcoming protections to shield us from synthesis crimes.

== Bills in the EU ==
=== Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence ===
The [https://commission.europa.eu/document/28552314-3316-40b4-ae0f-17ff8ab9f43f_en '''''Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at commission.europa.eu] will require, among other things, that member states criminalize non-consensual [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|synthetic digital look-alike]] pornography in their criminal codes.

'''Official'''

* [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52022PC0105 '''''Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu] has the directive text in all languages and various formats

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-new-push-for-european-democracy/file-legislative-proposal-on-gender-based-violence '''''Legislative proposal on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''close to adoption''. (As of March 2024)

* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_649 '''''Commission welcomes political agreement on new rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-02-06 press release by the [[w:European Commission]].

* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_1533 '''''International Women's Day 2022: Commission proposes EU-wide rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-03-08 press release by the EC.

'''Unofficial'''

* [https://hateaid.org/en/eu-protects-women-from-digital-violence/ '''''Deepfakes and dick pics: EU protects women from digital violence''''' at hateaid.org], a 2024-02-07 press release by HateAid.org

* [https://futureoflife.org/ai-policy/disrupting-the-deepfake-pipeline-in-europe/ '''''Disrupting the Deepfake Pipeline in Europe''''' at futureoflife.org], 2024-02-22 article on the approach of ''Leveraging corporate criminal liability under the Violence Against Women Directive to safeguard against pornographic deepfake exploitation'' by Alexandra Tsalidis

=== Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse ===

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-promoting-our-european-way-of-life/file-combating-child-sexual-abuse-online '''''New legislation to fight child sexual abuse online''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''tabled''. (As of March 2024)
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/ '''''Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/timeline-prevention-of-online-child-sexual-abuse/ '''''Timeline - Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]

{{Q|The '''Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse''' ('''Child Sexual Abuse Regulation''', or '''CSAR''') is a [[w:European Union regulation]] proposed by the [[w:European Commissioner for Home Affairs]] [[w:Ylva Johansson]] on 11 May 2022. The stated aim of the legislation is to prevent child sexual abuse online through the implementation of a number of measures, including the establishment of a framework that would make the detection and reporting of child sexual abuse material ([[w:Child pornography|CSAM]]) by digital platforms a legal requirement within the European Union.|Wikipedia as of March 2024|[[w:Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]}}

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/02/06/new-eu-rules-will-criminalise-paedophilia-handbooks-and-deepfakes-of-child-abuse '''''New EU rules will criminalise 'paedophilia handbooks' and deepfakes of child abuse''''' at euronews.com], 2024-02-06 reporting

== Code of practice on Disinformation 2022 ==
The [https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation '''2022 Code of Practice on Disinformation''' at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] - ''Major online platforms, emerging and specialised platforms, players in the advertising industry, fact-checkers, research and civil society organisations delivered a strengthened Code of Practice on Disinformation following the Commission’s Guidance of May 2021''.<ref>https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation</ref>

= Finland =
[[File:Flag of Finland.svg|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|200px|Finland finally updated its laws in 2023 against synthetic filth attacks against adults.]]
[[File:Suomen lippu valokuva.png|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|255px|Finland strongly criminalized synthetic sexual pictures depicting children in 2011, upon the initiative of the [[w:Vanhanen II Cabinet]]]]
== Laws in Finland ==

[[File:Flag_of_Finland.svg|link=Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023|25px]] Suomeksi / in Finnish [[Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023]]

=== Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|what-is-it}}

=== Finland criminalized synthetic CSAM in 2011 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|history}}

----
= France =
[https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F32103 '''''Droit à l'image et respect de la vie privée''''' at service-public.fr] or in English [https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F32103?lang=en '''''Right to the image and respect for privacy''''' at service-public.fr] (automatic translation)

----

= Germany =
[[File:Flag of Germany.svg|thumb|right|200px|Existing German laws provide protection against appearance theft.]]
* [https://mj-cohen.com/2020/01/03/deepfakes-and-german-law/ '''''Deepfakes and German law''''' at mj-cohen.com], January 2020 summary by Maureen Cohen states that the existing German laws are well equipped rendering non-consensual digital look-alikes illegal.

----
= India =
[[File:Flag of India.svg|thumb|right|200px|India]]

'''Laws in India'''

Laws in India can be accessed through the [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/ '''India Code''' at indiacode.nic.in]

'''[[w:Information Technology Act, 2000]]'''
* Section 66. - '''Computer related offences.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=76&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66A. - Omitted. Would have been ''Punishment for sending offensive messages through communication service, etc.''
** Section 66B. - Punishment for dishonestly receiving stolen computer resource or communication device.
** Section 66C. - '''Punishment for identity theft.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=79&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66D. - '''Punishment for cheating by personation by using computer resource.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=80&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66E. - '''Punishment for violation of privacy.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=81#:~:text=Whoever%2C%20intentionally%20or%20knowingly%20captures,two%20lakh%20rupees%2C%20or%20with</ref>
** Section 66F. - Punishment for cyber terrorism.
* Section 67. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting obscene material in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=83&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67A. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material containing sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=84&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67B. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material depicting children in sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=85&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67C. - Preservation and retention of information by intermediaries.

'''[[w:Information Technology Rules, 2021]]'''

'''Past bills in India'''
* [[w:Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019]]
'''Legal compilations on the legal situation against synthetic filth in India'''
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|tclf 2023}}
* [https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916 '''''Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture''''' at livelaw.in]<ref name="Livelaw.in 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916
| title = Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture
| last = Rana
| first = Vikrant
| last2 = Gandhi
| first2 = Anuradha
| last3 = Thakur
| first3 = Rachita
| date = 2023-11-24
| website = livelaw.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-21
| quote =
}}
</ref> 2023-11-24 compilation on laws against synthetic fakes in India, by Vikrant Rana, Anuradha Gandhi and Rachita Thakur
* [https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/ '''''What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?''''' at cybercert.in]<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/
| title = What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website = cybercert.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-03-23
| quote = At present, India does not have any law specifically for deep fake cybercrime, but various other laws can be combined to deal with it.
}}
</ref>
* [https://cybercert.in/indian-cyber-laws/ '''''Cyberlaw in India''''' at cybercert.in] provides a wider look into the Indian Cyber Laws

----
= New Zealand =
[[File:Flag of New Zealand.svg|thumb|right|200px|New Zealand]]

* [https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2015/0063/latest/whole.html ''''Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015'''' at legislation.govt.nz]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing paper"/> criminalises intimate visual recordings and image-based sexual abuse.

* '''[[w:Netsafe]]''' [https://netsafe.org.nz/ netsafe.org.nz] is an online safety non-profit organisation in New Zealand. It provides educational, anti-bullying and support services. The organisation is contracted under the [[w:Harmful Digital Communications Act]] until 2026. (Wikipedia)

* [https://www.cert.govt.nz/ '''CERT.govt.nz'''], the [[w:Computer emergency response team]] of New Zealand - "''Responding to cyber security threats in New Zealand - CERT NZ is your first port of call when you need to report a cyber security problem.''"

* The '''[[w:Department of Internal Affairs]]''' investigates the possession of, and trading in, child exploitation material.<ref>https://www.police.govt.nz/advice-services/cybercrime-and-internet/online-child-safety</ref>

'''Links regarding the Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015'''
* [https://www.police.govt.nz/advice-services/cybercrime-and-internet/harmful-digital-communications-hdc ''''Harmful Digital Communications (HDC)'''' at police.govt.nz] by the [[w:New Zealand Police]]
* [https://www.justice.govt.nz/courts/civil/harmful-digital-communications/ ''''Harmful digital communications'''' at justice.govt.nz] by the [[w:Ministry of Justice (New Zealand)]]
* [https://netsafe.org.nz/what-is-the-hdca/ '''''What is the HDCA?''''' at netsafe.org.nz] by [[w:Netsafe]], the agency approved by the [[w:New Zealand Police]] to process complaints about harmful digital communications.
* See Wikipedia article on '''[[w:Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015]]''' for more info

----

= Singapore =
[[File:Flag of Singapore.svg|thumb|right|200px|Singapore]]
== Law in Singapore ==
=== Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019 ===

[[w:Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> is a [[w:statute]] of the [[w:Parliament of Singapore]] that enables authorities to tackle the spread of [[w:fake news]] or [[w:false information]]. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protection_from_Online_Falsehoods_and_Manipulation_Act_2019&oldid=1134029282 Wikipedia])

----

= South Africa =
[[File:Flag of the Republic of South Africa.svg|thumb|right|200px|[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 South Africa's relatively new Cybercrimes Act (Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020)] has been enacted only partially on Dec 1 2021]]

== Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020 ==
[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 '''South-Africa Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020''' (English / Afrikaans) at gov.za]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref> came only partially into effect on Wednesday 2021-12-01.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref>

* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-16-distribution-of-data-message-of-intimate-image/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 16 - Disclosure of data message of intimate image''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] Subsection 1 states <blockquote>''Any person (‘‘A’’) who unlawfully and intentionally discloses, by means of an electronic communications service, a data message of an intimate image of a person (‘‘B’’), without the consent of B, is guilty of an offence.''
</blockquote>

* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-17-attempting-conspiring-aiding-abetting-inducing-inciting-instigating-instructing-commanding-or-procuring-to-commit-offence/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 17 - Attempting, conspiring, aiding, abetting, inducing, inciting, instigating, instructing, commanding or procuring to commit offence''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] states
<blockquote>
Any person who unlawfully and intentionally
# attempts;
# conspires with any other person; or
# aids, abets, induces, incites, instigates, instructs, commands or procures another person, to commit an offence in terms of Part I or Part II of this Chapter, is guilty of an offence and is liable on conviction to the punishment to which a person convicted of actually committing that offence would be liable.
</blockquote>

'''Links'''
* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/ '''Cybercrimes Act''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] by Accessible Law contains the law in website format

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/ '''''Not all of the cogs in the Cybercrimes Act machine are turning at once — we still remain vulnerable''''' at dailymaverick.co.za]

----
= South Korea =
[[File:Flag of South Korea.svg|thumb|right|200px|South Korea has invested heavily in AI research and has also legislation to counter the menaces of synthetic human-like fakes.]]
== Law in South Korea ==
=== ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES ===
[https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawView.do?hseq=40947&lang=ENG '''ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES''' at elaw.klri.re.kr] is a law in South Korea.<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

----

= UK =
* {{#lst:Glossary|UK-Parliament-glossary}}
* {{#lst:Glossary|Law-Society-glossary}}

== Law against synthesis crimes in the UK ==
[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|thumb|right|200px|The UK has improved its legislation.]]

=== Anti-CSAM measures 2025 ===
On Saturday 2025-02-01 Home Secretary Yvette Cooper announced that the UK will be the 1st country in the world to<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-leading-the-way-protecting-children-from-online-predators</ref>
* "''make it illegal to possess, create or distribute AI tools designed to generate child sexual abuse material (CSAM), punishable by up to 5 years in prison''"
* "''make it illegal for anyone to possess AI ‘paedophile manuals’ which teach people how to use AI to sexually abuse children, punishable by up to 3 years in prison''"

Also a law to
* "''introduce a specific offence for predators who run websites designed for other paedophiles to share vile child sexual abuse content or advice on how to groom children, punishable by up to 10 years in prison''"

Additional powers will be given to the Border Force
* "''give Border Force the necessary powers to keep the UK safe and prevent the distribution of CSAM which is often filmed abroad by allowing officers to compel an individual who they reasonably suspect poses a sexual risk to children to unlock their digital devices for inspection, punishable by up to 3 years in prison, depending on the severity''"

Official
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-leading-the-way-protecting-children-from-online-predators '''''Britain's leading the way protecting children from online predators ''''' at gov.uk] - ''UK becomes the first country in the world to create new AI sexual abuse offences to protect children from predators generating AI images. ''

Reporting
* [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8d90qe4nylo '''''AI-generated child sex abuse images targeted with new laws''''' at bbc.com]
* [https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/02/uk/britain-criminalizes-ai-child-sex-abuse-intl-hnk/index.html '''''UK to target AI child sex abuse tools in world first legal crackdown''''' at edition.cnn.com]
* [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/2/uk-to-become-first-country-to-criminalise-ai-child-abuse-tools '''''UK to become first country to criminalise AI child abuse tools''''' at aljazeera.com]
* [https://www.voanews.com/a/uk-to-become-1st-country-to-criminalize-ai-child-abuse-tools/7959851.html '''''UK to become 1st country to criminalize AI child abuse tools''''' at voanews.com]

=== Creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in the UK 2024 ===
On Tuesday 2024-04-16 the UK announced that '''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK'''.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com]</ref> This is a very good move and next logical step would be the prohibition of non-consensually possessing other people's appearance models and voice models, as suggested in [[#Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola|Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola]]. There is really no logical reason to allow criminal leagues to legally possess and trade their libraries of models without this acquisition through covert modeling or trading and possession of raw materials (covert models) to produce the disinformation weapons being illegal.

Reporting
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''Creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com]

=== Online Safety Act 2023 ===
[[w:Online Safety Act 2023]] [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2023/50/enacted '''Online Safety Act 2023''' at legislation.gov.uk] received Royal Assent on 2023-10-26<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular</ref> and it reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.

* '''Part 4''' - '''CSEA reporting''' of the Act on CSEA reporting has not yet come into effect as of February 2024.
** Section 66 requires providers of services regulated under the Act to have systems and processes in place (so far as possible) to ensure that they report all detected and unreported CSEA content present on the service to the NCA (National Crime Agency)
** '''Offence in relation to CSEA reporting''' in Section 69
* '''Part 7''' – '''Enforcement offences'''
* '''Part 10''' - '''Communication offences''' establishes
** '''False communications offence''' in Section 179
** '''Threatening communications offence''' in Section 181
** '''Offences of sending or showing flashing images electronically''' in Section 183
** '''Offence of encouraging or assisting serious self-harm''' in Section 184
** '''Sending etc photograph or film of genitals''' in Section 187
** '''Sharing or threatening to share intimate photograph or film''' in Section 188

The Online Safety Act 2023 came to be from a House of Lords bill UK's [https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3137 '''HL Bill 151''' - '''''Online Safety Bill''''' at bills.parliament.uk] The bill originated from the House of Commons sessions 2021-22 2022-23.

* [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular '''''Online Safety Act: new criminal offences circular''''' at gov.uk] published 2024-01-31 - It is a ''circular is issued to inform the police and other relevant public authorities of certain provisions of the Online Safety Act in particular new criminal offences.''
* [https://www.ofcom.org.uk/news-centre/2023/safer-life-online-for-people-in-uk ''Creating a safer life online for people in the UK'' at ofcom.org.uk]

* [https://www.gov.uk/guidance/a-guide-to-the-online-safety-bill ''A guide to the Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/online-safety-bill ''Documents, publications and announcements relating to the government's Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]

'''Reporting and summaries of the Online Safety Act'''
* [https://www.infolaw.co.uk/newsletter/2023/11/the-online-safety-act-2023-a-primer/ '''''The Online Safety Act 2023: a primer''''' at infolaw.co.uk], a 2023 primer on the Online Safety Act by Alex Heshmaty on 2023-11-29
* [https://www.epra.org/news_items/uk-the-online-safety-act-is-now-law-ofcom-s-powers-as-online-safety-regulator-have-officially-commenced '''''UK: The Online Safety Act is now law; Ofcom’s powers as online safety regulator have officially commenced''''' at epra.org] states that there will three successive implementation phases.

=== The Domestic Abuse Act 2021 Chapter 17, part 6 - Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films ===
'''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/contents/enacted Chapter 17] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/enacted Part 6 - ''Offences involving abusive or violent behaviour''] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted ''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films'' - ''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress'']

According to the UK-based [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/ '''Revenge Porn Helpline''' at revengepornhelpline.org.uk] article [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/ '''''What to do if someone is threatening to share your intimate images'''''] threats to share intimate images with the intent to cause distress is now an offense in UK law. This is included within the '''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' which was enacted into UK law on 29th June 2021.<ref>https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/</ref>

We don't know quite yet if the bug has been fixed, that if the pictures <u>are not pictures of you</u>, but [[synthetic human-like fakes]] the police cannot do anything.

'''Links'''
* [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted '''Domestic Abuse Act 2021''' / '''Chapter 17''' / '''Part 6''' / '''''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films''''' - '''''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress''''' at legislation.gov.uk]

=== Historical about the UK law against synthesis crimes ===

The UK law was not very up-to-date on the issue of synthetic filth until recent improvements.

The independent [[w:Law Commission (England and Wales)]] reviewed the law where it applies to taking, making and sharing intimate images without consent. The outcome of the consultation was due to be published later in 2021.<ref name="BBC2021">

{{cite web
|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-55546372
|title = 'Deepfake porn images still give me nightmares'
|last = Royle
|first = Sara
|date = 2021-01-05
|website = [[w:BBC Online]]
|publisher = [[w:BBC]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = She alerted the police to the images but was told that no action could be taken. Dr Aislinn O'Connell, a lecturer in law at Royal Holloway University of London, explained that Helen's case fell outside the current law.}}

</ref>

"In 2019, law expert Dr Aislinn O’Connell told [[w:The Independent]] that our current laws on image sharing are piecemeal and not fit for purpose. In October 2018 The [[w:Women and Equalities Committee]] called on the UK Government to introduce new legislation on image-based sexual abuse in order to '''criminalise ALL''' non-consensual creation and distribution of intimate sexual images."<ref name="MortPetition2020">

{{cite web
|url = https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images
|title = Change.org petition: 'Tighten regulation on taking, making and faking explicit images'
|last = Mort
|first = Helen
|date = 2020
|website = [[w:Change.org]]
|publisher = [[w:Change.org]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = Unlike other forms of revenge porn, creating pictures or videos like this is not yet illegal in the UK, though it is in some places in the US. The police were unable to help me.}}

</ref> This call is for similar laws as California put in place on January 1 2020.

----

= USA =

[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|thumb|right|200px|Various US states have enacted state laws aimed against synthetic human-like fakes and since May 2025 through the [[w:TAKE IT DOWN Act]] USA has federal legislation against this menace. Many other [[#Past bills in the USA|federal bills have been introduced in the USA]].]]

* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker}}
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024}}
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA}}

{{#lst:Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|cybercivilrights.org law compilations}}

See also:
* [[#Current bills in the USA|Current bills in the USA]] and [[#Past bills in the USA|past bills in the USA]]
* [https://www.congress.gov/legislative-process/introduction-and-referral-of-bills '''The Legislative Process: Introduction and Referral of Bills (Video)''' at congress.gov]
* {{#lst:Glossary|US-Congress-glossary}}

== Federal laws in the USA against synthesis crimes ==
=== US Senate Act S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
The [https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/146 '''''S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act''''' at congress.gov], a bipartisan act against non-consensual intimate image-based abuse, or in other words, against naked synthetic digital look-alikes and real image-based abuse. The long name for citing this act is '''''T'''ools to '''A'''ddress '''K'''nown '''E'''xploitation by '''I'''mmobilizing '''T'''echnological '''D'''eepfakes '''o'''n '''W'''ebsites and '''N'''etworks Act'''''.

It became federal law on Monday 2025-05-19. It was passed by the House of Representatives on Monday 2025-04-28. There is a one year delay on some of the requirements of the TAKE IT DOWN Act.

* In Wikipedia [[w:TAKE IT DOWN Act]]

* [https://rainn.org/policy/take-it-down-act '''''Take It Down Act''''' summary at rainn.org] - ''Criminalizing tech-enabled sexual abuse'' - ''Join us in celebrating this landmark victory for survivors of image-based sexual abuse!''
* [https://rainn.org/news/rainn-backed-%E2%80%9Ctake-it-down-act%E2%80%9D-passes-congress '''''RAINN-Backed “Take It Down Act” Passes Congress!''''' at rainn.org] - ''HISTORIC WIN FOR VICTIMS OF TECH-ENABLED SEXUAL ABUSE: RAINN-Backed “Take It Down Act” Passes Congress!''
* [https://apnews.com/article/take-it-down-deepfake-trump-melania-first-amendment-741a6e525e81e5e3d8843aac20de8615 '''''Take It Down Act, addressing nonconsensual deepfakes and ‘revenge porn,’ passes. What is it?''''' at apnews.com], 2025-04-28 reporting by Barbara Ortutay

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.npr.org/2025/04/28/nx-s1-5380236/take-it-down-act-melania-trump '''''Congress approves a revenge porn bill backed by first lady Melania Trump''''' at npr.org], 2025-04-28 reporting by Ayana Archie
* [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/house-take-it-down-act-vote-deepfake-pornography-victims/ '''''House passes "Take it Down Act," sending revenge porn bill backed by Melania Trump to president's desk''''' at cbsnews.com], 2025-04-28 reporting by Caitlin Yilek

== Law against synthesis crimes in Virginia 2019 ==
=== Code of Virginia § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty ===
[[File:Flag of Virginia.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Virginia]], an avant-garde state. Motto "[[w:Sic semper tyrannis]]"]]

<section begin=Virginia2019 />[[File:Marcus Simon.jpeg|thumb|right|108px|Homie [[w:Marcus Simon|w:Marcus Simon]] ([http://marcussimon.com/ marcussimon.com]) is a Member of the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] and a true pioneer in legislating against synthetic filth.]] Since July 1 2019<ref>

{{Cite web
| url=https://www.fauquier.com/news/new-state-laws-go-into-effect-july/article_6e2e16c8-96b7-11e9-88d0-83a8852ef3eb.html
| title=New state laws go into effect July 1
}}

</ref> [[w:Virginia]] [[w:criminalization|w:has criminalized]] the sale and dissemination of unauthorized synthetic pornography, but not the manufacture.<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515">
{{cite web
| url = https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/
| title = § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website =
| publisher = [[w:Virginia]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref>, as section [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ § 18.2-386.2 titled ''''''Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''''''] became part of the '''[[w:Code of Virginia]]'''.

[https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/ '''Code of Virginia''' (TOC)] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/ '''Title 18.2.''' Crimes and Offenses Generally] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/ '''Chapter 8.''' Crimes Involving Morals and Decency] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title18.2/chapter8/article5/ '''Article 5.''' Obscenity and Related Offenses] » '''Section''' [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ § '''18.2-386.2.''' Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty]

The [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ section '''§ 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''' of Virginia] is as follows:
<blockquote>
'''A'''. ''Any [[w:person]] who, with the [[w:Intention (criminal law)|w:intent]] to [[w:coercion|w:coerce]], [[w:harassment|w:harass]], or [[w:intimidation|w:intimidate]], [[w:Malice_(law)|w:malicious]]ly [[w:dissemination|w:disseminates]] or [[w:sales|w:sells]] any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever that [[w:Depiction|w:depicts]] another person who is totally [[w:nudity|w:nude]], or in a state of undress so as to expose the [[w:sex organs|w:genitals]], pubic area, [[w:buttocks]], or female [[w:breast]], where such person knows or has reason to know that he is not [[w:license]]d or [[w:authorization|w:authorized]] to disseminate or sell such [[w:Video|w:videographic]] or [[w:Film still|w:still image]] is [[w:Guilt (law)|w:guilty]] of a Class 1 [[w:Misdemeanor#United States|w:misdemeanor]]. ''
::For purposes of this subsection, "another person" includes a person whose image was used in creating, adapting, or modifying a videographic or still image with the intent to depict an actual person and who is recognizable as an actual person by the person's [[w:face]], [[w:Simulacrum|w:likeness]], or other distinguishing characteristic.''

'''B'''. ''If a person uses [[w:Service (economics)|w:services]] of an [[w:Internet service provider]], an electronic mail service provider, or any other information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server in committing acts prohibited under this section, such provider shall not be held responsible for violating this section for content provided by another person.''

'''C.''' ''Venue for a prosecution under this section may lie in the [[w:jurisdiction]] where the unlawful act occurs or where any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever is produced, reproduced, found, stored, received, or possessed in violation of this section.''

'''D.''' ''The provisions of this section shall not preclude prosecution under any other [[w:statute]].''<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515"/>

The identical bills were [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+HB2678 House Bill 2678] presented by [[w:Delegate (American politics)|w:Delegate]] [[w:Marcus Simon]] to the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] on January 14 2019 and three day later an identical [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+SB1736 Senate bill 1736] was introduced to the [[w:Senate of Virginia]] by Senator [[w:Adam Ebbin]].
</blockquote>
<section end=Virginia2019 />

== Law against synthesis crimes in Texas 2019 ==
=== Texas SB 751 - Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election ===
[[File:Flag of Texas.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Texas]], the Lone Star State has protected the political candidates, but not ordinary folk against synthetic filth.]]

<section begin=Texas2019 />On September 1 2019 [[w:Texas Senate]] bill [https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/86R/billtext/html/SB00751F.htm '''SB 751''' - '''''Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election'''''] [[w:amendment]]s to the election code came into effect in the [[w:Law of Texas]], giving [[w:candidates]] in [[w:elections]] a '''30-day protection period''' to the elections during which making and distributing digital look-alikes or synthetic fakes of the candidates is an offense. The law text defines the subject of the law as "''a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality''"<ref name="TexasSB751">

{{cite web
|url= https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751
|title= Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election
|last=
|first=
|date= 2019-06-14
|website=
|publisher= [[w:Texas]]
|access-date= 2021-01-23
|quote= In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality}}

</ref> SB 751 was introduced to the Senate by [[w:Bryan Hughes (politician)]].<ref name="Texas SB 751 history">https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751</ref>

<section end=Texas2019 />

The text of '''S.B. No. 751''' is as follows
<blockquote>
'''''AN ACT relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election.'''''

''BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:''

SECTION 1. ''[https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/EL/htm/EL.255.htm Section 255.004, Election Code], is [[w:Amend (motion)|w:amended]] by adding Subsections (d) and (e) to read as follows:''
* ('''d''') ''A person commits an offense if the person, with intent to injure a candidate or influence the result of an election:''
*# '''''creates''' a [[w:deepfake|deep fake]] video; and''
*# ''causes the deep fake video to be '''published''' or '''distributed''' within '''30 days''' of an '''election'''.''
* ('''e''') ''In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the '''intent to deceive''', that '''appears to depict''' a real person performing an action that '''did not occur''' in '''reality'''.''
SECTION 2. ''This Act takes effect September 1, 2019.''
</blockquote>
----

* [[w:Texas Legislature]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in California 2020 ==
=== California AB-602 - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action ===
[[File:Flag of California.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:California]] moved later than Virginia, but it outlawed also the manufacture of synthetic filth on Jan 1 2020.]]

<section begin=California2020 />[[File:Marc Berman.jpg|thumb|120px|right|Homie [[w:Marc Berman|w:Marc Berman]], a righteous fighter for our human rights in this age of industrial disinformation filth and an Assemblymember of the [[w:California State Assembly]], most loved for authoring [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 '''AB-602''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''], which came into effect on Jan 1 2020, banning both the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted.]] January 1 2020 <ref name="KFI2019">

{{cite web
|url= https://kfiam640.iheart.com/content/2019-12-30-here-are-the-new-california-laws-going-into-effect-in-2020/
|title= Here Are the New California Laws Going Into Effect in 2020
|last= Johnson
|first= R.J.
|date= 2019-12-30
|website= [[KFI]]
|publisher= [[iHeartMedia]]
|access-date= 2021-01-23
|quote=}}

</ref> the [[w:California]] [[w:State law (United States)|w:US state law]] '''[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 "AB-602 ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''."]''' came into effect in the [[w:California Civil Code|civil code]] of the [[w:California Codes]] banning the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted. AB-602 provides victims of synthetic pornography with [[w:injunction|w:injunctive relief]] and poses legal threats of [[w:statutory damages|w:statutory]] and [[w:punitive damages]] on [[w:criminal]]s making or distributing synthetic pornography without consent. The bill AB-602 was signed into law by California [[w:Governor (United States)|w:Governor]] [[w:Gavin Newsom]] on October 3 2019 and was authored by [[w:California State Assembly]]member [[w:Marc Berman]] and an identical Senate bill was coauthored by [[w:California State Senate|w:California Senator]] [[w:Connie Leyva]].<ref name="OpenStates AB 602">

{{cite web
|url=https://openstates.org/ca/bills/20192020/AB602/
|title=AB 602 - California Assembly Bill 2019-2020 Regular Session - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action.
|last=
|first=
|date=
|website=openstates.org
|publisher=openstates.org
|access-date=2021-03-24
|quote=}}

</ref><ref name="CNET2019">

{{cite web
| last = Mihalcik
| first = Carrie
| title = California laws seek to crack down on deepfakes in politics and porn
| website = [[w:cnet.com]]
| publisher = [[w:CNET]]
| date = 2019-10-04
| url = https://www.cnet.com/news/california-laws-seek-to-crack-down-on-deepfakes-in-politics-and-porn/
| access-date = 2021-01-23
}}

</ref> [https://trackbill.com/bill/california-assembly-bill-602-depiction-of-individual-using-digital-or-electronic-technology-sexually-explicit-material-cause-of-action/1690501/ AB602 at trackbill.com]
<section end=California2020 />

[[File:Connie Leyva 2015.jpg|thumb|right|240px|[[w:California]] [[w:California State Senate|w:Senator]] [[w:Connie Leyva]] sponsored [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB564&showamends=false '''California Senate Bill SB 564''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''] in Feb '''2019''' and the Senate Bill was [https://www.sagaftra.org/action-alert-support-california-bill-end-deepfake-porn endorsed by SAG-AFTRA], but the Assembly Bill AB-602 authored by [[w:California State Assembly]]member [[w:Marc Berman]] was the one that became law on 1 January 2020 in the [[w:California Civil Code|w:California Civil Code]] of the [[w:California Codes]].]]

'''Introduction''' by [https://a24.asmdc.org/ Assemblymember Marc Berman]:

'''AB 602''', Berman. '''''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action'''''.

Existing law creates a private [[w:Cause of action|w:right of action]] against a person who intentionally distributes a photograph or recorded image of another that exposes the intimate body parts of that person or of a person engaged in a sexual act '''without the person’s consent''' if specified conditions are met.

This bill would provide that a '''depicted individual''', as defined, has a '''[[w:cause of action]] against''' a person who '''either'''
* (1) '''creates''' and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material if the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted''' individual '''did not [[w:consent]]''' to its creation or disclosure or
* (2) who '''intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create if the person knows the '''depicted''' individual '''did not consent''' to its creation.

The bill would specify exceptions to those provisions, including if the material is a matter of legitimate public concern or a work of political or newsworthy value.

The bill would authorize a prevailing [[w:plaintiff]] who suffers harm to seek [[w:Injunction|w:injunctive]] relief and recover reasonable [[w:attorney’s fee]]s and costs as well as specified monetary [[w:damages]], including [[w:Statutory damages|statutory]] and [[w:punitive damages]].

'''The law is as follows''':
<blockquote>
SECTION 1. Section 1708.86 is added to the [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codesTOCSelected.xhtml?tocCode=CIV&tocTitle=+Civil+Code+-+CIV Civil Code of California], to read:

'''1708.86.''' ('''a''') '''For purposes of this section''':
* (1) “''Altered depiction''” means a performance that was actually performed by the depicted individual but was subsequently altered to be in violation of this section.
* (2) “''Authorized Representative''” means an attorney, talent agent, or personal manager authorized to represent a depicted individual if the depicted individual is represented.
* (3) (A) “''Consent''” means an agreement written in plain language signed knowingly and voluntarily by the depicted individual that includes a general description of the sexually explicit material and the audiovisual work in which it will be incorporated.
* (3) (B) A depicted individual may rescind consent by delivering written notice within three business days from the date consent was given to the person in whose favor consent was made, unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:
:**(i) The depicted individual is given at least 72 hours to review the terms of the agreement before signing it.
:**(ii) The depicted individual’s authorized representative provides written approval of the signed agreement.
* (4) “''Depicted individual''” means an individual who appears, as a result of digitization, to be giving a performance they did not actually perform or to be performing in an altered depiction.
* (5) “''Despicable conduct''” means conduct that is so vile, base, or contemptible that it would be looked down on and despised by a reasonable person.
* (6) “''Digitization''” means to realistically depict any of the following:
** (A) The nude body parts of another human being as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
** (B) Computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
** (C) The depicted individual engaging in sexual conduct in which the depicted individual did not engage.
* (7) “''Disclose''” means to publish, make available, or distribute to the public.
* (8) “''Individual''” means a natural person.
* (9) “''Malice''” means that the defendant acted with intent to cause harm to the plaintiff or despicable conduct that was done with a willful and knowing disregard of the rights of the plaintiff. A person acts with knowing disregard within the meaning of this paragraph when they are aware of the probable harmful consequences of their conduct and deliberately fail to avoid those consequences.
* (10) “''Nude''” means visible genitals, pubic area, anus, or a female’s postpubescent nipple or areola.
* (11) “''Person''” means a human being or legal entity.
* (12) “''Plaintiff''” includes cross-plaintiff.
* (13) “''Sexual conduct''” means any of the following:
** (A) Masturbation.
** (B) Sexual intercourse, including genital, oral, or anal, whether between persons regardless of sex or gender or between humans and animals.
** (C) Sexual penetration of the vagina or rectum by, or with, an object.
** (D) The transfer of semen by means of sexual conduct from the penis directly onto the depicted individual as a result of ejaculation.
** (E) Sadomasochistic abuse involving the depicted individual.
(14) “''Sexually explicit material''” means any portion of an audiovisual work that shows the depicted individual performing in the nude or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct.

('''b''') '''A depicted individual has a cause of action against''' a person who does '''either of the following''':
* (1) '''Creates and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material''' and the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted individual''' in that material '''did not consent''' to its creation or disclosure.
* (2) '''Intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create and the person knows the depicted individual in that material '''did not consent''' to the creation of the sexually explicit material.

('''c''') (1) A person is '''not liable''' under this section in either of the following circumstances:
* (A) The person discloses the sexually explicit material in the course of any of the following:
:** (i) Reporting unlawful activity.
:** (ii) Exercising the person’s law enforcement duties.
:**(iii) Hearings, trials, or other legal proceedings.
* (B) The material is any of the following:
:** (i) A matter of legitimate public concern.
:** (ii) A work of political or newsworthy value or similar work.
:** (iii) Commentary, criticism, or disclosure that is otherwise protected by the California Constitution or the United States Constitution.
* (2) For purposes of this subdivision, sexually explicit material is not of newsworthy value solely because the depicted individual is a public figure.

('''d''') It shall not be a defense to an action under this section that there is a disclaimer included in the sexually explicit material that communicates that the inclusion of the depicted individual in the sexually explicit material was unauthorized or that the depicted individual did not participate in the creation or development of the material.

('''e''') (1) A prevailing plaintiff who suffers harm as a result of the violation of subdivision (b) may recover any of the following:
* (A) An amount equal to the monetary gain made by the defendant from the creation, development, or disclosure of the sexually explicit material.
* (B) One of the following:
:** (i) Economic and noneconomic damages proximately caused by the disclosure of the sexually explicit material, including damages for emotional distress.
:** (ii) Upon request of the plaintiff at any time before the final judgment is rendered, the plaintiff may instead recover an award of statutory damages for all unauthorized acts involved in the action, with respect to any one work, as follows:
:** (I) A sum of not less than one thousand five hundred dollars ($1,500) but not more than thirty thousand dollars ($30,000).
:** (II) If the unlawful act was committed with malice, the award of statutory damages may be increased to a maximum of one hundred fifty thousand dollars ($150,000).
* (C) Punitive damages.
* (D) Reasonable attorney’s fees and costs.
* (E) Any other available relief, including injunctive relief.
(2) The remedies provided by this section are cumulative and shall not be construed as restricting a remedy that is available under any other law.

('''f''') An action under this section shall be commenced no later than three years from the date the unauthorized creation, development, or disclosure was discovered or should have been discovered with the exercise of reasonable diligence.

('''g''') The provisions of this section are severable. If any provision of this section or its application is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions.
</blockquote>
<ref name="CaliforniaStateLaw AB 602">
{{Citation
| title = "AB-602 Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action."
| first = Marc
| last = Berman
| author-link = w:Marc Berman
| first2 = Connie
| last2 = Leyva
| author2-link = w:Connie Leyva
| series =
| year = 2019
| publisher = [[w:California]]
| url = https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602
}}

</ref>

----

* [[w:California State Legislature]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in Georgia in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of Georgia (U.S. state) II.png|thumb|right|200px|Georgia's motto is ''"Wisdom, Justice, Moderation"'' and one could say it is well manifested in how their law against synthetic filth [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html '''GA CODE § 16-11-90'''] is thought out and written.]]
=== Georgia Code § 16-11-90 ===

'''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/ Georgia Code]''' / '''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ Title 16. Crimes and Offenses]''' [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html Chapter 11 "Offenses Against Public Order and Safety", Article 3 "Invasions of Privacy", Part 3 "Invasion of privacy" '''GA CODE § 16-11-90''']
<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list">https://cybercivilrights.org/deep-fake-laws/</ref>

'''The law is''' as of April 14, 2021<ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com" /> as follows:
<blockquote>
('''a''') As used in this Code section, the term:

* ('''1''') “''Harassment''” means engaging in conduct directed at a depicted person that is intended to cause substantial emotional harm to the depicted person.

* ('''2''') “''Nudity''” means:

::* (A) The showing of the human male or female genitals, pubic area, or buttocks without any covering or with less than a full opaque covering;

::* (B) The showing of the female breasts without any covering or with less than a full opaque covering; or

::* (C) The depiction of covered male genitals in a discernibly turgid state.

* ('''3''') “''Sexually explicit conduct” shall have the same meaning as set forth in Code Section 16-12-100 .

('''b''') '''A person violates this Code section if he or she, knowing the content of a transmission or post, knowingly and without the consent of the depicted person''':

* ('''1''') '''Electronically transmits or posts''', in one or more transmissions or posts, a photograph or video which depicts nudity or sexually explicit conduct of an adult, '''including a falsely created videographic or still image''', when the transmission or post is harassment or causes financial loss to the depicted person and serves no legitimate purpose to the depicted person; or

* ('''2''') '''Causes the electronic transmission or posting''', in one or more transmissions or posts, of a photograph or video which depicts nudity or sexually explicit conduct of an adult, '''including a falsely created videographic or still image''', when the transmission or post is harassment or causes financial loss to the depicted person and serves no legitimate purpose to the depicted person.

:Nothing in this Code section shall be construed to impose liability on an interactive computer service, as such term is defined in 47 U.S.C. 230(f)(2) , or an information service or telecommunications service, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. 153 , for content provided by another person.

('''c''') Any person who violates this Code section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of a high and aggravated nature; provided, however, that upon a second or subsequent violation of this Code section, he or she shall be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by imprisonment of not less than one nor more than five years, a fine of not more than $100,000.00, or both.

('''d''') A person shall be '''subject to prosecution in this state''' pursuant to Code Section 17-2-1 for any conduct made unlawful by this Code section which the person engages in while:

* ('''1''') '''Either within''' or '''outside of this state''' if, by such conduct, the person commits a violation of this Code section which involves an '''individual who resides in this state'''; or

* ('''2''') '''Within this state''' if, by such conduct, the person commits a violation of this Code section which involves an '''individual who resides within or outside this state'''.

('''e''') The provisions of subsection (b) of this Code section shall not apply to:

* ('''1''') The activities of law enforcement and prosecution agencies in the investigation and prosecution of criminal offenses;

* ('''2''') Legitimate medical, scientific, or educational activities;

* ('''3''') Any person who transmits or posts a photograph or video depicting only himself or herself engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct;

* ('''4''') The transmission or posting of a photograph or video that was originally made for commercial purposes;

* ('''5''') Any person who transmits or posts a photograph or video depicting a person voluntarily engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct in a public setting; or

* ('''6''') A transmission that is made pursuant to or in anticipation of a civil action.

('''f''') There shall be a rebuttable presumption that an information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server, including specifically a service or system that provides access to the Internet, for content provided by another person, does not know the content of an electronic transmission or post.

('''g''') Any violation of this Code section shall constitute a separate offense and shall not merge with any other crimes set forth in this title.</blockquote><ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com">

{{cite web
|url=https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html
|title=Georgia Code Title 16. Crimes and Offenses § 16-11-90
|last=
|first=
|date=2021-04-14
|website=[[w:FindLaw]]
|publisher=[[w:Georgia (U.S. state)]]
|access-date=2022-01-04
|quote=}}

</ref>

== Law against synthesis crimes in New York State in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of New York.svg|thumb|right|200px|New York State]]
=== New York State - CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy SECTION 52-C - Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual ===
[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/-CH6 '''CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights'''] [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/A5 '''ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual '''SECTION 52-C''' - '''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual''']<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list" />

'''The law is as follows:'''
<blockquote>
<big>'''§ 52-c''' - '''''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual.''''' </big><sup>Obs: There are 2 § 52-c's</sup>

'''1. For the purposes of this section:'''

* '''a.''' "'''''depicted individual'''''" means an individual who '''appears''', as a result of digitization, '''to be giving a performance they did not actually perform''' or '''to be performing in a performance that was actually performed by the depicted individual but was subsequently altered to be in violation of this section'''.

* '''b.''' "'''''digitization'''''" means to '''realistically depict the nude body parts of another human being as the nude body parts of the depicted individual''', '''computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the depicted individual''' or the '''depicted individual engaging in sexual conduct''', as defined in subdivision ten of section 130.00 of the penal law, '''in which the depicted individual did not engage'''.

* '''c.''' "''individual''" means a natural person.

* '''d.''' "''person''" means a human being or legal entity.

* '''e.''' "''sexually explicit material''" means any portion of an audio visual work that shows the depicted individual performing in the nude, meaning with an unclothed or exposed intimate part, as defined in section 245.15 of the penal law, or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct, as defined in subdivision ten of section 130.00 of the penal law.

'''2. a.''' A depicted individual shall have a '''cause of action''' against a person who, '''discloses''', '''disseminates''' or '''publishes''' sexually explicit material related to the depicted individual, and the person knows or reasonably should have known the depicted individual in that material '''did not consent''' to its '''creation''', disclosure, dissemination, or publication.

* '''b.''' It shall '''not be a defense''' to an action under this section that '''there is a disclaimer''' in the sexually explicit material that communicates that the inclusion of the depicted individual in the sexually explicit material was unauthorized or that the depicted individual did not participate in the creation or development of the material.

'''3. a.''' A depicted individual may only consent to the creation, disclosure, dissemination, or publication of sexually explicit material by knowingly and voluntarily signing an agreement written in plain language that includes a general description of the sexually explicit material and the audiovisual work in which it will be incorporated.

* '''b.''' A depicted individual may rescind consent by delivering written notice within three business days from the date consent was given to the person in whose favor consent was made, unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:

:* i. the depicted individual is given at least three business days to review the terms of the agreement before signing it; or

:* ii. if the depicted individual is represented, the attorney, talent agent, or personal manager authorized to represent the depicted individual provides additional written approval of the signed agreement.

'''4. a.''' A person is not liable under this section if:

:* i. the person discloses, disseminates or publishes the sexually explicit material in the course of reporting unlawful activity, exercising the person's law enforcement duties, or hearings, trials or other legal proceedings; or

:* ii. the sexually explicit material is a matter of legitimate public concern, a work of political or newsworthy value or similar work, or commentary, criticism or disclosure that is otherwise protected by the constitution of this state or the United States; provided that sexually explicit material shall not be considered of newsworthy value solely because the depicted individual is a public figure.

'''5.''' In any action commenced pursuant to this section, the finder of fact, in its discretion, '''may award injunctive relief''', '''punitive damages''', '''compensatory damages''', and '''reasonable court costs''' and '''attorney's fees'''.

'''6.''' A cause of action or special proceeding under this section shall be commenced the later of either:

* '''a.''' three years after the dissemination or publication of sexually explicit material; or

* '''b.''' one year from the date a person discovers, or reasonably should have discovered, the dissemination or publication of such sexually explicit material.

'''7.''' Nothing in this section shall be read to require a prior criminal complaint, prosecution or conviction to establish the elements of the cause of action provided for in this section.

'''8.''' The provisions of this section including the remedies are in addition to, and shall not supersede, any other rights or remedies available in law or equity.

'''9.''' If any provision of this section or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of this section which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this section are severable.

'''10.''' Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit, or to enlarge, the protections that 47 U.S.C. § 230 confers on an interactive
computer service for content provided by another information content provider, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. § 230.</blockquote><ref name="New York State Civil Rights CHAPTER 6, ARTICLE 5, SECTION 52-C">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual
|title= SECTION 52-C Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual
|last=
|first=
|date=2021-11-12
|website=nysenate.gov
|publisher=[[w:New York State Legislature]]
|access-date=2021-01-04
|quote=}}

</ref>

== Law against synthesis crimes in Florida 2025 ==
[https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2025/1161/?Tab=BillHistory '''''CS/CS/HB 1161: Removal of Altered Sexual Depictions Posted without Consent''''' at flsenate.gov] is set to become law in 2025

'''Reporting'''
* [https://floridapolitics.com/archives/733939-brookes-law-giving-deepfake-victims-recourse-against-platforms-will-head-to-governors-desk/ '''''‘Brooke’s Law,’ giving deepfake victims recourse against platforms, heads to Governor’s desk''''' at floridapolitics.com], April 2025 reporting by A.G. Gancarski

== Current bills in the USA ==

== 119th Congress ==
=== Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2025 (DEFIANCE Act of 2025) (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1837 '''''Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2025 (DEFIANCE Act of 2025)''''' at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of the US Senate bill S. 3696 - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images and Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024 (DEFIANCE Act of 2024) (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3696/text '''''S.3696 - DEFIANCE Act of 2024''''' at congress.gov], a bipartisan Senate bill against synthetic filth.

* [https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record/volume-170/issue-17/senate-section/article/S289-2 '''''Introductory Statement on S. 3696; Congressional Record Vol. 170, No. 17''''' at congress.gov] 2024-01-30
* [https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/press/releases/durbin-graham-klobuchar-hawley-introduce-defiance-act-to-hold-accountable-those-responsible-for-the-proliferation-of-nonconsensual-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-and-videos '''''Durbin, Graham, Klobuchar, Hawley Introduce DEFIANCE Act to Hold Accountable Those Responsible for the Proliferation of Nonconsensual, Sexually-Explicit “Deepfake” Images and Videos''''' at judiciary.senate.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>
* [https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118s3696is '''''S. 3696 (IS) - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024''''' at govinfo.gov]
* [https://www.durbin.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/defiance_act_of_2024.pdf '''DEFIANCE Act of 2024''' at durbin.senate.gov] explains that it would create ''a federal civil remedy for victims who are identifiable in a “digital forgery"''.

'''Reporting and commentary on DEFIANCE Act of 2024 bill'''
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/jan/30/taylor-swift-ai-deepfake-nonconsensual-sexual-images-bill '''''Taylor Swift AI images prompt US bill to tackle nonconsensual, sexual deepfakes''''' at theguardian.com]
* [https://www.theverge.com/2024/1/30/24056385/congress-defiance-act-proposed-ban-nonconsensual-ai-porn '''''Lawmakers propose anti-nonconsensual AI porn bill after Taylor Swift controversy''''' at theverge.com]

=== Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===

[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1027/text '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act)''''' at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of US House bill H.R.7123 - Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7123/text?s=1&r=3 '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-of-artificial-intelligence/the-terrifying-ai-scam-that-uses-your-loved-ones-voice</ref>

=== H.R.1941 - Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
This is a reintroduction of the older US House bill H.R. 3106 - Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3106/text '''''Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act''''' at congress.gov] was introduced in the House on 2023-05-05. It was [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/9631 a reintroduction of H.R. 9631 from the 117th Congress].

== State bills ==
=== NY Senate bill S6278 in the 2025-2026 regular session ===
This bill was reintroduced as [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S6278 S6278] to the 2025-2026 session.

[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S5583 '''NY Senate bill S5583 in the 2023-2024 regular session''' at nysenate.gov] would establish ''the crime of aggravated harassment by means of electronic or digital communication and provides for a private right of action for the unlawful dissemination or publication of deep fakes''.

== Past bills in the USA ==

=== US House bill H.R.6943 - No AI FRAUD Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6943/text '''No Artificial Intelligence Fake Replicas And Unauthorized Duplications Act of 2024''' or the ('''No AI FRAUD Act''') at congress.gov] was introduced to the 118th Congress 2nd session on 2024-01-24.<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>

=== US House bill H.R.5586 - Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023 (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5586/text “Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023” or the “DEEPFAKES Accountability Act” at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of earlier House bill H.R.3230 to the 118th Congress (2023-2024 session)

=== US Senate bill S1641 - Preventing Rampant Online Technological Exploitation and Criminal Trafficking Act of 2022 - (117th Congress) ===
The bill known as [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/4991/text?r=4&s=1 Senate bill '''S.4991''' - ''''''PROTECT Act'''''' at congress.gov] was read by Senator [[w:Mike Lee]] on Wednesday 2022-09-28 twice.

=== New York Senate bill - Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material - in regular session 2021-2022 ===
[[File:Flag of New York (1909–2020).png|thumb|right|200px|[[w:New York State Legislature]] regular session 2021-2022 is contemplating the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York senate bill '''S1641'''] and identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 assembly bill '''A6517'''] to ban sending unsolicited pornography.]]

Bill '''''Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material'''''' is essentially a bill that aims to ban sending unsolicited nudes.

In the 2021-2022 [[w:New York State Senate]] regular sessions, on 2021-01-14 Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored and Senators [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) and [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] of the New York State Senate co-sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law]. On 2021-03-19 an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] was introduced to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] by Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]).<ref group="1st seen in">

First seen in the [https://trackbill.com/search/#/related=%7B%22id%22:%221690501%22,%22state%22:%22CA%22,%22session%22:%222019%22,%22billId%22:%22AB602%22%7D&direction=desc&page=1&resultsPerPage=25&sort=relevancy&tracked&upcoming_hearings&type=bills&state=all&session suggestions for similar bills for Bills similar to CA AB602 by trackbill.com].

</ref>

If this bill passes it will be codified in the [[w:Consolidated Laws of New York]]. View the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York''' at nysenate.gov].

* '''Title of bill''': ''An act to amend the penal law, in relation to the creation of the criminal offense of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''

* '''Purpose''': ''The purpose of this bill is to make it unlawful to send sexually explicit material through electronic means unless the material is sent at the request of, or with the express consent of the recipient.''

* '''Summary of provisions''': Adds a '''new section 250.70''' to the penal law making it ''unlawful to knowingly transmit by electronic means visual material that depicts any person engaging in sexual conduct or with a person's intimate parts exposed unless the material is sent at the request of, or with the express consent of the recipient.

* '''Justification''': ''Currently under New York State law, indecent exposure in person is a crime, but it is not unlawful to send sexually explicit photos to nonconsenting adult recipients through electronic transmission. With the growing modem age of online dating, many individuals are receiving sexually explicit visual content without their consent from strangers. No person should be forced to view sexually explicit material without their consent.''

''The bill offers a clear deterrent to those considering sending unsolicited sexual pics and similar inappropriate conduct, and protects the
unwilling recipients who currently have no legal recourse for such abuses.

''What is illegal in the real world must be illegal in the digital world, and this legislation is a first step in the right direction in adding that accountability.''

* '''Legislative history''':
*# Senate - 2020 - S5949 Referred to Codes
*# Assembly - 2020 - A7801 Referred to Codes

* '''Fiscal implications''': ''Minimal''

* '''Effective date''': ''This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law.''

The text of the bill is, as of 2021-03-24, as follows:

:"Section 1. The penal law is amended by adding a new section 250.70 to read as follows:

:'''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL'''''.

:A person is guilty of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material if a person knowingly transmits by electronic means visual material that depicts any person engaging in sexual conduct or with a person's intimate parts exposed or depicts the covered genitals of a male person that are in a discernibly turgid state and such visual material is not sent at the request of or with the express consent of the recipient. For purposes of this section the term "intimate parts" means the naked genitals, pubic area, anus, or female postpubescent nipple of the person and the term "sexual conduct" shall have the same meaning as defined in [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/130.00 section 130.00 (Sex offenses; definitions of terms)] of this chapter. Unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material is a class a misdemeanor.

:'''§ 2'''. This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law."

----
<gallery>
File:Nopic.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law].
File:LIRR Elmont, Brian Benjamin (cropped).jpg|thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Todd_Kaminsky_Head_Shot.jpg||thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Aileen_Gunther.jpg|thumb|260px|NY Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]) presented an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] on 2021-03-19.
* [[w:New York State Legislature]]
</gallery>

=== US Senate bill - Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - 2019-2020 US Senate session (116th Congress) ===
The Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act (SISE) was a bill introduced to the 2019-2020 session of the US Senate.
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/5054?r=1&s=1 US Senate Bill ''''''S.5054''' - '''Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''''' at congress.gov]

=== US House bill - H.R.3230 - DEEP FAKES Accountability Act (116th Congress) ===

* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230/text '''H.R.3230''' - '''''DEEP FAKES Accountability Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> also known as ''Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2019'' and it aimed to include requirements for producers of synthetic human-like fakes '' to generally comply with certain [[w:Digital watermarking|w:digital watermark]] and disclosure requirements''.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230</ref>

=== US Senate bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress) ===
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/3805/text '''S.3805''' - '''''Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry">
Chatting with ChatGPT 2023

* First I asked ChatGPT to "''list some legislative approaches against so-called "deep fakes" or "deepfakes"''" and it mentioned the Singaporean [[#Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]] and the [[#Bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress)]]

</ref> aimed at criminalizing synthesizing human-likeness media for intent of breaking federal, state, local or tribal law

----

----

= Law proposals =
== Law proposals against synthetic filth by [[User:Juho Kunsola|Juho Kunsola]] ==

* '''Audience''': Developed with suitability for national, supranational and UN treaty levels.
* '''Writing context''':
** Written from context of inclusion to '''criminal codes'''.
** I'm a Finn so this has been worded to fit in the [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1889/18890039001#L24 Chapter 24 of the Criminal Code of Finland (in Finnish at finlex.fi)] titled "''Offences against privacy, public peace and personal reputation''"
** [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039 Access the English translations of the Finnish Criminal Code at finlex.fi] or [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039_20150766.pdf go straight to the latest .pdf from 2016]. Chapter 24 starts on page 107.
* '''History''': This version is an evolution of a Finnish language original written in 2016.

[[File:Suomen lippu valokuva.png|right|thumb|260px|[[w:Finland]] has very logical and very [https://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/ accessible laws], but also here we need updating of the laws for this age of industrial disinformation.]]

Existing law in <big>Chapter 24. of the Finnish Criminal Code - "''Offences against privacy, public peace and personal reputation''"</big> seems to be ineffective against many [[synthetic human-like fakes|synthetic human-like fake attack]] and seems it could be used to frame victims for crimes with [[synthetic human-like fakes#Digital sound-alikes|digital sound-alikes]].

The portions affected by or affecting the synthetic filth situation in bold font:

* Section 1 - Invasion of domestic premises (879/2013)
* Section 1(a) - '''Harassing communications''' (879/2013)
* Section 2 - Aggravated invasion of domestic premises (531/2000)
* Section 3 - Invasion of public premises (585/2005)
* Section 4 - Aggravated invasion of public premises (531/2000)
* Section 5 - '''Eavesdropping''' (531/2000)
* Section 6 - '''Illicit observation''' (531/2000)
* Section 7 - '''Preparation of eavesdropping or illicit observation''' (531/2000)
* Section 8 - '''Dissemination of information violating personal privacy''' (879/2013)
* Section 8(a) - '''Aggravated dissemination of information violating personal privacy''' (879/2013)
* Section 9 - '''Defamation''' (879/2013)
* Section 10 - '''Aggravated defamation''' (879/2013)
* Section 11 - Definition (531/2000)
* Section 12 - '''Right to bring charges''' (879/2013)
* Section 13 - '''Corporate criminal liability''' (511/2011)

[[File:The-diffuse-reflection-deducted-from-the-specular-reflection-Debevec-2000.png|thumb|right|260px|Subtraction of the diffuse reflection from the specular reflection. Image is scaled for luminocity. Diffuse reflection is acquired by placing polarizers in 90 degree angle and specular with 0 degree angle.
<br /><br />
[[:File:Deb-2000-reflectance-separation.png|Original picture]] by [[w:Paul Debevec|Debevec]] et al. - Copyright ACM 2000 https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=311779.344855]]

=== Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth ===

==== §1 Models of human appearance ====

A '''model of human appearance''' means
::* A realistic '''3D model'''
::* A '''[[Glossary#Bidirectional reflectance distribution function|7D bidirectional reflectance distribution function]] model'''
::* A '''direct-to-2D''' capable [[w:machine learning]] model
::* Or a model made with any technology whatsoever, that looks deceivingly like the target person.

==== §2 Producing synthetic pornography ====
Making '''projections''', still or videographic, where targets are portrayed in a '''nude''' or in a '''sexual situation''' from models of human appearance defined in §1 '''without express consent''' of the targets is '''illegal'''.

==== §3 Distributing synthetic pornography ====
'''Distributing''', '''making available''', '''public display''', '''purchase''', '''sale''', '''yielding''', '''import''' and '''export''' of non-authorized '''synthetic pornography''' defined in §2 are '''punishable'''.<ref group="footnote">People who are found in possession of this synthetic pornography should probably not be penalized, but rather advised to get some help.</ref>

==== §4 Aggravated producing and distributing synthetic pornography ====
If the media described in §2 or §3 is made or distributed with the '''intent''' to '''frame for a crime''' or for '''blackmail''', the crime should be judged as '''aggravated'''.

==== Afterwords ====
The original idea I had was to ban both the raw materials i.e. the models to make the visual synthetic filth and also the end product weaponized synthetic pornography, but then in July 2019 it appeared to me that [[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]] could really help in this age of industrial disinformation if it were built, trained and operational. Banning modeling of human appearance was in conflict with the revised plan.

It is safe to assume that collecting permissions to model each pornographic recording is not plausible, so an interesting question is that can we ban covert modeling from non-pornographic pictures, while still retaining the ability to model all porn found on the Internet.

In case we want to pursue banning modeling people's appearance from non-pornographic images/videos without explicit permission be pursued it must be <font color="green">formulated</font> so that this <font color="red">'''does not make'''</font> <big>'''[[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]]'''</big> <font color="red">illegal</font> / <font color="red">impossible</font>. This would seem to lead to a weird situation where modeling a human from non-pornographic media would be illegal, but modeling from pornography legal.

=== Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice ===
{{#ev:youtube|0sR1rU3gLzQ|360px|right|[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sR1rU3gLzQ Video 'This AI Clones Your Voice After Listening for 5 Seconds' by '2 minute papers' at YouTube] describes the voice thieving machine by Google Research in [[w:NeurIPS|w:NeurIPS]] 2018.}}

'''Motivation''': The current situation where the criminals can freely trade and grow their libraries of stolen voices is unwise.

==== §1 Unauthorized modeling of a human voice ====
'''Acquiring''' such a '''model of a human's voice''', that '''deceptively resembles''' some '''dead''' or '''living''' person's voice and the '''possession''', '''purchase''', '''sale''', '''yielding''', '''import''' and '''export''' '''without''' the '''express consent''' of the target are '''punishable'''.

==== §2 Application of unauthorized voice models ====
'''Producing''' and '''making available''' media from covert voice models defined in §1 is '''punishable'''.

==== §3 Aggravated application of unauthorized voice models ====
If the produced media is for a '''purpose''' to
::* '''frame''' a '''human''' target or targets for '''crimes'''
::* to attempt '''extortion''' or
::* to '''defame the target''',
the crime should be judged as '''aggravated'''.

----

= Resources and reporting on law =

== AI and law in general ==

[[File:LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg|thumb|right|340px|[[w:Library of Congress]] ([https://loc.gov/ loc.gov]) reading room]]

''' Reviews and regulation '''
From the '''[[w:Library of Congress]]''':

* [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/index.php ''''''Regulation of Artificial Intelligence'''''' at loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/compsum.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Comparative Summary' at loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/international.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: International and Regional Approaches' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/americas.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: The Americas and the Caribbean' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/asia-pacific.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: East/South Asia and the Pacific' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/europe-asia.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Europe and Central Asia' loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/middleeast-northafrica.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Middle East and North Africa' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/africa.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Sub-Saharan Africa' (loc.gov)]

'''[[w:Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher|w:Gibson Dunn & Crutcher]]''' (gibsondunn.com) publishes a quarterly legal update on 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems'. Gibson Dunn & Crutcher is a global [[w:law firm|w:law firm]], founded in Los Angeles in 1890.
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-4q18/ ''''''Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update'''''' Quarter 4 2018 at Gibson & Dunn]
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-1q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 1 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-2q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 2 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-3q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 3 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-automated-systems-legal-update-4q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 4 2019']

''' From Europe'''
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|180px|The [[w:European Union]]'s [[w:European Parliament|Parliament]]'s [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] on [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives].]]
* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf ''''''The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives'''''' (.pdf) at europarl.europa.eu], a March 2020 study by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] Starting from page 37 the .pdf lists organizations in the field.

== Synthetic filth in the law and media ==
* [https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4409&context=vlr ''''''"The New Weapon of Choice": Law's Current Inability to Properly Address Deepfake Pornography'''''' at scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu], October 2020 Notes by Anne Pechenik Gieseke published in the The [[w:Vanderbilt Law Review]], the flagship [[w:academic journal]] of [[w:Vanderbilt University Law School]].
* [https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/07/08/deepfakes-and-synthetic-media-in-financial-system-assessing-threat-scenarios-pub-82237 ''''''Deepfakes and Synthetic Media in the Financial System: Assessing Threat Scenarios'''''' at carnegieendowment.org], a 2020-07-08 assessment identifies some types of criminalities that can be made using [[synthetic human-like fakes]].
* [https://ssri.duke.edu/news/don%E2%80%99t-believe-your-eyes-or-ears-weaponization-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-and ''''''Don’t Believe Your Eyes (or Ears): The Weaponization of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deepfakes'''''' at ssri.duke.edu], an October 2019 news article by Joe Littell, published by the Social Science Research Institute at the [[w:Duke University]]
* [https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/dltr/vol17/iss1/4/ ''''''Deepfakes: False Pornography Is Here and the Law Cannot Protect You'''''' at scholarship.law.duke.edu], published in 2019 in the [[w:Duke Law Journal|Duke Law Journal]], a student-run law review.
* [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-20/deepfake-porn-political-ads-push-states-to-curb-rampant-ai-use '''''States Are Rushing to Regulate Deepfakes as AI Goes Mainstream''''' at bloomberg.com] (paywalled), June 2023 reporting on US legislation against synthetic human-like fakes. It lists CA, WA, WY, MN, TX, GA and VA as having anti-deepfake laws and lists LA, IL, MA and NJ as planning to legislate.

== The countries that have unfortunately banned full face veil ==

{{Q|There are currently 16 nations that have banned the burqa (not to be confused with the hijab), including [[w:Tunisia]],<ref name="reuters.com">

{{cite news
|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-tunisia-niqab-security-idUKKCN1U01CH
|title= Tunisian PM bans wearing of niqab in public institutions
|date=5 July 2019
|access-date=2021-03-13
|newspaper= Reuters
}}

</ref> [[w:Austria]], [[w:Denmark]], [[w:France]], [[w:Belgium]], [[w:Tajikistan]], [[w:Latvia]],<ref name="independent.co.uk">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/islamic-muslim-face-veil-niqab-burqa-banned-latvia-despite-being-worn-by-just-three-women-entire-a6993991.html
|title=A European government has banned Islamic face veils despite them being worn by just three women
|date=21 April 2016
|access-date=2021-03-13
}}

</ref> [[w:Bulgaria]],<ref>

[https://www.smh.com.au/world/bulgaria-the-latest-european-country-to-ban-the-burqa-and-niqab-in-public-places-20160930-grss9q.html Bulgaria the latest European country to ban the burqa and [niqab in public places], Smh.com.au: accessed 5 December 2016.

</ref> [[w:Cameroon]], [[w:Chad]], [[w:Congo-Brazzaville]], [[w:Gabon]], [[w:Netherlands]],<ref>
{{cite news
|last1=Halasz
|first1=Stephanie
|last2=McKenzie
|first2=Sheena
|title=The Netherlands introduces burqa ban in some public spaces
|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/27/europe/netherlands-partial-burqa-ban-intl/index.html
|access-date=2021-03-13
|agency=CNN
|issue=27 June 2018
|publisher=CNN
|date=27 June 2018
}}

</ref> [[w:China]],<ref>
{{cite news
|last1=Phillips
|first1=Tom
|title=China bans burqa in capital of Muslim region of Xinjiang
|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/11342070/China-bans-burqa-in-capital-of-Muslim-region-of-Xinjiang.html
|access-date=2021-03-13
|agency=The Telegraph
|issue=13 January 2015
|newspaper=The Telegraph
|date=13 January 2015
}}

</ref> [[w:Morocco]], and [[w:Switzerland]].|Wikipedia|[[w:Hijab by country]] as of 2021-03-13}}

Taking into consideration these times of industrial disinformation, it is vicious and uncivilized to have laws banning wearing a the full face veil in public.

== Quotes on the current laws and their application ==
{{#lst:Quotes|FinalLineOfDefenseForTheTimeBeing}}

----

= Footnotes =
<references group="footnote" />

= 1st seen in =
<references group="1st seen in" />

= References =
<references />

[[Category:In English]]
[[Category:Law]]
[[Category:Antifake]]

Laws against synthesis and other related crimes

2025-08-22T13:00:10Z

Juho Kunsola: /* Denmark */ '''''Denmark fights back against deepfakes with copyright protection. What other laws exist in Europe?''''' at euronews.com] reporting and outline of laws in other EU countries by Anna Desmarais 2025-06-30

[[File:No-synthetic-F.png|thumb|right|260px|link=Main Page|This article is an attempt to track legislation against '''[[synthetic human-like fakes]]''' world-wide.]]
[[File:Screenshot at 27s of a moving digital-look-alike made to appear Obama-like by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed 2018.png|thumb|right|480px|link=Mediatheque/2018/Obama's appearance thieved - a public service announcement digital look-alike by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Obama-like-fake-2018}}]]
[[File:Appearance of Richard Nixon stolen by the Center for Advanced Virtuality of MIT for their awareness raising project In The Event of Moon Disaster 2020 screenshot at 376s.png|thumb|rightr|480px|link=Mediatheque/2020/Nixon's appearance and voice stolen - a public service announcement digital look-alike and sound-alike by MIT's Center for Advanced Virtuality|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Nixon-like-fake-2020}}]]
[[File:Justice scale silhouette, medium.svg|thumb|right|200px|Do you know of a law or jurisdiction that this list does not include? Add it! Or let us know through the chat in the lower-righthand side!]]

This article contains some current laws against abusive uses of synthetic human-like fakes and also information what kind of laws are being prepared and two SSFWIKI original law proposals, [[#Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth|one against digital look-alikes]] and [[#Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice|one against digital sound-alikes]].

'''Information elsewhere / legal information compilations''' (recommended)
<section begin=anti-fake-law-compilations/>
* <section begin=ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker/>[https://legislation.ballotpedia.org/ai-deepfakes/home '''''AI deepfake legislation tracker''''' at legislation.ballotpedia.org] by Ballotpedia.org for tracking US legislation.<section end=ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker/>
* {{#lst:Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|cybercivilrights.org law compilations}}
* <section begin=responsible.ai 2023/>[https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches '''''A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches''''' at responsible.ai]<ref name="responsible.ai 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches
| title = A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches
| last = Lawson
| first = Amanda
| date = 2023-04-24
| website = responsible.ai
| publisher = Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> April 2023 compilation and reporting by Amanda Lawson of the Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute.<section end=responsible.ai 2023/>
* <section begin=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>[https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/ '''''The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology''''' at legaljournal.princeton.edu]<ref name="Princeton Legal Journal 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/
| title = The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology
| last = Quirk
| first = Caroline
| date = 2023-06-19
| website = legaljournal.princeton.edu
| publisher = Princeton Legal Journal
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}

</ref> compilation and reporting by Caroline Quirk. PLJ is Princeton’s only student-run law review.<section end=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>
* <section begin=tech policy press 2023/>[https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/ '''''Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography''''' at techpolicy.press]<ref name="tech policy press 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/
| title = Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography
| last = Williams
| first = Kaylee
| date = 2023-05-15
| website = techpolicy.press
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> May 2023 compilation and reporting by Kaylee Williams<section end=tech policy press 2023/>

* <section begin=Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA/>[https://foundationra.com/deepfake-ai-laws/ '''''Deepfake AI laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com], [https://foundationra.com/sextortion-laws/ '''''Sextortion laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com] and [https://foundationra.com/revenge-porn-laws-us/ '''''Revenge porn laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com] compilations by [https://foundationra.com/ Foundation RA]<section end=Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA/>
* <section begin=Onfido 2024/>[https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/ '''''Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?''''' at onfido.com]<ref name="Onfido 2024">
{{cite web
| url = https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/
| title = Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?
| last = Owen
| first = Aled
| date = 2024-02-02
| website = onfido.com
| publisher = Onfido
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> February 2024 summary and compilation by Aled Owen, Director of Global Policy at Onfido (for-profit)<section end=Onfido 2024/>

* <section begin=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>[https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html '''''Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?''''' at criminaldefenselawyer.com] <ref name="criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html
| title = Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?
| last = Pirius
| first = Rebecca
| date = 2024-02-07
| website = Criminaldefenselawyer.com
| publisher = [[w:Nolo (publisher)]]
| access-date = 2024-02-22
| quote =
}}

</ref> by Rebecca Pirius is a good bring-together of the current illegality/legality situation in the USA federally and state-wise. Published by [[w:Nolo (publisher)]], updated Feb 2024<section end=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>

* <section begin=tclf 2023/>[https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/ '''''Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace''''' at tclf.in]<ref name="tclf 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/
| title = Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace
| last = Rastogi
| first = Janvhi
| date = 2023-10-16
| website = tclf.in
| publisher = The Contemporary Law Forum
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> October 2023 compilation and reporting by Janvhi Rastogi, published in the The Contemporary Law Forum.<section end=tclf 2023/>

* <section begin=endcyberabuse.org/>[https://endcyberabuse.org/country-factsheets/ '''''The Law on Image-Based Sexual Abuse Worldwide''''' at endcyberabuse.org] contains information for Bangladesh, Canada, England and Wales, France, Germany, India, Japan, Pakistan, Philippines and the USA.<section end=endcyberabuse.org/>
<section end=anti-fake-law-compilations/>

'''New laws'''
* [[#UK|UK]]'s [[#Online Safety Act 2023|Online Safety Act 2023]] has been passed to law and reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.
* The [[#EU|European Union]] has finalized a law package to regulate AI called the [[#Artificial Intelligence Act|Artificial Intelligence Act]]

'''New bills are currently in the works in'''
* Current [[#Bills in the EU|bills in the EU]] of high importance are the almost finalized [[#Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence|Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence]] and the [[#Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse|Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]
* [[#Current bills in the USA|US Senate is considering an anti-fake bill and the House is considering several bills]]
* [[#Canada|Canada]] is considering C-27
* [[#China|China]] seems to be planning to ban all synthetic pornography, however consensual its making was

'''Bills that didn't make it'''
* [[#Canada|Canada's House of Commons]] was considering banning all pornographic content, for which there is no proof-of-age and written consent from everybody visible in the pornographic recording.
* [[#Past bills in the USA|Past bills in the USA]]

= International =
The '''[[w:Convention on Cybercrime]]''', also known as the '''Budapest Convention on Cybercrime''' or the '''Budapest Convention''', is the first international [[w:treaty]] seeking to address [[w:Internet]] and [[w:computer crime]] (cybercrime) harmonizing [[w:municipal law|national laws]], improving investigative techniques, and increasing cooperation among nations.<ref>[https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=185 Convention on Cybercrime, Budapest, 23 November 2001.]</ref> (Wikipedia) The. convention was signed on 2001-11-23

'''[[w:Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime]]''', concerning the criminalisation of acts of a racist and xenophobic nature committed through computer systems is an additional protocol to the [[w:Council of Europe]] Convention on Cybercrime.

= Australia =

[[File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|thumb|right|200px|Australia]]

== Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Act 2024 ==
'''The Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024'''<ref group="1st seen in">ChatGPT Deep research on augmenting this list of laws</ref> criminalized the creation, distribution, and even possession of explicit synthetic human-like fakes without consent.<ref name="GLI2024">https://www.globallegalinsights.com/news/australia-introduces-legislation-to-combat-deepfake-sexual-material/</ref>

Those who create a sexual deepfake of someone without consent face up to 10 years in prison. Those who share or distribute such material (even if they didn’t create it) can get up to 7 years, and merely possessing deepfake porn can lead to 5 years behind bars. Penalties escalate for aggravated cases – if the deepfake is used to harass or blackmail or if the victim is a minor, sentences can reach 15 years.<ref name="GLI2024"/>

'''Official'''
* [https://ministers.ag.gov.au/media-centre/new-criminal-laws-combat-sexually-explicit-deepfakes-21-08-2024 '''''New criminal laws to combat sexually explicit deepfakes''''' at ministers.ag.gov.au]
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/bd/bd2324a/24bd081 '''''Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024 digest''' at aph.gov.au] by Owen Griffiths.
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_LEGislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r7205 '''''Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024''''' progression summary at aph.gov.au]

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.globallegalinsights.com/news/australia-introduces-legislation-to-combat-deepfake-sexual-material/ '''''Australia introduces legislation to combat deepfake sexual material''''' at globallegalinsights.com]

== Online Safety Act 2021 ==

The [https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2021A00076/latest/text '''Online Safety Act 2021''' at legislation.gov.au]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing paper">https://equalitynow.org/resource/briefing-paper-deepfake-image-based-sexual-abuse-tech-facilitated-sexual-exploitation-and-the-law/</ref> regulates the non-consensual sharing or threatening to share sexual images.

If the synthetic fake human-like images depict illegal and restricted online content, then the Online Content Scheme, as defined in the Online Safety Act 2021, may apply.<ref name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing">https://equalitynow.org/resource/briefing-paper-deepfake-image-based-sexual-abuse-tech-facilitated-sexual-exploitation-and-the-law/</ref>

[https://www.esafety.gov.au/ '''Office of the eSafety Commissioner''' at esafety.gov.au] is Australia's independent regulator for online safety.

'''Links'''
* [https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/whats-on/online-safety-act '''''Learn about the Online Safety Act''''' at esafety.gov.au]
* [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-technology-communications/internet/online-safety/current-legislation '''''Key elements of the Online Safety Act 2021''''' at infrastructure.gov.au]
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_LEGislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r6680 '''Online Safety Bill 2021''' at aph.gov.au]
* [https://foundationra.com/australia/ '''Revenge porn laws in Australia''' at foundationra.com]

= Canada =
[[File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg|thumb|right|200px|House of Commons of Canada was contemplating banning distribution of all pornography for which there are no consent declarations and proof-of-age for the people depicted.]]

The existing Canadian law ban the distribution of non-consensual disclosure of intimate images.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

== Active bills in Canada ==
=== Digital Charter Implementation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-27 ===
[https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/c-27 '''''Digital Charter Implementation Act''''' at parl.ca] or ''An Act to enact the Consumer Privacy Protection Act, the Personal Information and Data Protection Tribunal Act and the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act and to make consequential and related amendments to other Acts''

== Past bills in Canada ==
=== Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-270 ===

* [https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading House of Commons of Canada bill '''C-270''' ''''''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'''''' at parl.ca], an act to amend the [[w:Criminal Code (Canada)|Criminal Code]] regarding pornography was first read to the Commons by [[w:Arnold Viersen]] on Thursday 2022-04-28 at 10:15.

According to [https://www.townandcountrytoday.com/local-news/mp-submits-private-members-bill-for-second-time-5346232 townandcountrytoday.com] the author of the bill introduced an identical bill '''C-302''' on Thursday 2021-05-27, but that got killed off by oncoming federal elections

'''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''' - '''An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)''' is a private member's bill by Arnold Viersen ([https://www.arnoldviersen.ca/ Official Site at arnoldviersen.ca])

'''Summary of the C-270 from parl.ca'''
<blockquote>
"''This enactment amends the Criminal Code to prohibit a person from making, distributing or advertising pornographic material for commercial purposes without having first ascertained that, at the time the material was made, '''each person''' whose image is '''depicted''' in the material was '''18 years of age''' or older and '''gave their express consent''' to their image being depicted.''"</blockquote><ref name="Canada C-270">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading
|title= Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)
|last=Viersen
|first=Arnold
|date=2022-04-28
|website=parl.ca
|publisher=[[w:House of Commons of Canada]]
|access-date=2022-10-06
|quote=}}

</ref>

'''Sommaire en français / Summary in French'''
<blockquote>
''Le texte modifie le Code criminel afin d’interdire à toute personne de produire ou de distribuer du matériel pornographique à des fins commerciales, ou d’en faire la publicité, sans s’être au préalable assurée qu’au moment de la production du matériel, '''chaque personne''' dont l’image y est représentée '''était âgée de dix-huit ans''' ou plus et '''avait donné son consentement exprès''' à ce que son image y soit représentée''.</blockquote><ref>Bilingual version of C-270 https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf</ref>

'''Links'''

* [https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' in English et en français at publications.gc.ca]
* [https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/C-270 Parliament of Canada LEGISinfo: C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at parl.ca] in English
* [https://openparliament.ca/bills/44-1/C-270/ C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at openparliament.ca] includes motivation of Mr. Arnold Viersen and the co-sponsor of the bill Mr. Garnett Genuis.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.conservative.ca/mp-viersen-reintroduces-the-stopping-internet-sexual-exploitation-sise-act/ ''MP Viersen reintroduces the Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation (SISE) Act'' at conservative.ca]

----

= China =
This information should be updated.
[[File:Flag of China.png|thumb|right|200px|China passed a law requiring faked footage to be labeled as such, effective 2020-01-01]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in China ==

=== Mandatory labeling of fake media in China since 2020 ===
<section begin=China2020 />On Wednesday January 1 2020 Chinese law requiring that synthetically faked footage should bear a clear notice about its fakeness came into effect. Failure to comply could be considered a [[w:crime]] the [[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]] ([http://www.cac.gov.cn/ cac.gov.cn]) stated on its website. China announced this new law in November 2019.<ref name="Reuters2019">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-technology/china-seeks-to-root-out-fake-news-and-deepfakes-with-new-online-content-rules-idUSKBN1Y30VU
| title = China seeks to root out fake news and deepfakes with new online content rules
| last =
| first =
| date = 2019-11-29
| website = [[w:Reuters.com]]
| publisher = [[w:Reuters]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref> The Chinese government seems to be reserving the right to prosecute both users and [[w:online video platform]]s failing to abide by the rules. <ref name="TheVerge2019">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/29/20988363/china-deepfakes-ban-internet-rules-fake-news-disclosure-virtual-reality
| title = China makes it a criminal offense to publish deepfakes or fake news without disclosure
| last = Statt
| first = Nick
| date = 2019-11-29
| website =
| publisher = [[w:The Verge]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref>
<section end=China2020 />

=== Deep Synthesis Provisions 2023 ===
On Tuesday 2023-01-10 the Deep Synthesis Provisions came into effect. It was originally drafted in 2022 by the '''[[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]]''' as [https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/deep-synthesis-draft/ '''''Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis Internet Information Services''''' (Draft for solicitation of comments) at chinalawtranslate.com] or [http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-01/28/c_1644970458520968.htm view the Chinese language draft '''''国家互联网信息办公室关于《互联网信息服务深度合成管理规定（征求意见稿）》公开征求意见的通知''''' at cac.gov.cn]<ref group="1st seen in">'''Politico AI: Decoded''' mailing list Wednesday 2022-02-02</ref>.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://thediplomat.com/2023/03/chinas-new-legislation-on-deepfakes-should-the-rest-of-asia-follow-suit/ '''''China’s New Legislation on Deepfakes: Should the Rest of Asia Follow Suit?''''' at thediplomat.com] March 2023 reporting
----
= Denmark =
[[File:Animated flag GIFGIFs Denmark.gif|thumb|right|300px|Denmark is considering a novel approach against synthetic filth, by planning to give Danes copyright over their own appearance and voice, a shift from previous legislative approaches against [[synthetic human-like fakes]].]]
Denmark is currently considering changing its laws so that each Dane would have copyright over their own appearance and voice. The Danish approach is novel because it creates a [[w:Right to property|w:property right]] in one’s biometric identity, treating voice/appearance like [[w:intellectual property]], whereas the previous legislative steps elsewhere have been harms-based.

The legislative proposal comes from the Department of Culture of Denmark and is said to have massive support among MPs.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/> The planned changes to Danish copyright law will, once approved, theoretically give people in Denmark the right to demand that online platforms remove content that is in violation of a Danish human's copyright.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/> Parodies and satire get an exception and would still be permitted.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/>

{{Q|“I am extremely proud that we are now sending an unequivocal signal to all citizens that they have the right to their own body, their own voice, and their own facial features.
In a time when technology has outpaced legislation, I am pleased that so many parties in Parliament are joining to protect artists and everyday people from the digital identity theft that can now be done with just a few clicks.
We must not accept that human beings can simply go through the digital copy machine and be misused for all sorts of purposes.
Technology is developing rapidly, and in the future it will be even harder to distinguish reality from fiction in the digital world.
Therefore, it is high time that we build a safeguard against the spread of misinformation while also sending a clear signal to the tech giants.”|Jakob Engel-Schmidt, Culture Minister of Denmark (translated)<ref>https://kum.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/bred-aftale-om-deepfakes-giver-alle-ret-til-egen-krop-og-egen-stemme translation by ChatGPT</ref>|the Danish law initiative to give humans copyright to their own voice and appearance}}

'''Official'''
* [https://kum.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/bred-aftale-om-deepfakes-giver-alle-ret-til-egen-krop-og-egen-stemme '''''Bred aftale om deepfakes giver alle ret til egen krop og egen stemme''''' at kum.dk] press release of the Ministry of Culture on the new planned biometrics copyright protection bill Thursday 2025-06-26

'''Reporting'''

* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jun/27/deepfakes-denmark-copyright-law-artificial-intelligence '''''Denmark to tackle deepfakes by giving people copyright to their own features''''' at theguardian.com] by Miranda Bryant 2025-06-27<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025">
{{cite web
|last = Bryant
|first = Miranda
|date = 2025-06-27
|title = Denmark to tackle deepfakes by giving people copyright to their own features
|url = https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jun/27/deepfakes-denmark-copyright-law-artificial-intelligence
|website = theguardian.com
|location = UK
|publisher = The Guardian
|access-date = 2026-08-22
|quote = The Danish culture minister, Jakob Engel-Schmidt, said he hoped the bill before parliament would send an “unequivocal message” that everybody had the right to the way they looked and sounded. He told the Guardian: “In the bill we agree and are sending an unequivocal message that everybody has the right to their own body, their own voice and their own facial features, which is apparently not how the current law is protecting people against generative AI.”
}}
</ref>
* [https://www.euronews.com/next/2025/06/30/denmark-fights-back-against-deepfakes-with-copyright-protection-what-other-laws-exist-in-e '''''Denmark fights back against deepfakes with copyright protection. What other laws exist in Europe?''''' at euronews.com] reporting and outline of laws in other EU countries by Anna Desmarais 2025-06-30
* [https://lsj.com.au/articles/denmark-proposes-copyright-laws-to-protect-against-deepfakes/ '''''Denmark proposes copyright laws to protect against deepfakes''''' at lsj.com.au] reporting and analysis by Cat Woods 2025-07-16
* [https://www.indiatimes.com/news/your-face-your-rights-denmarks-tough-new-deepfake-law-could-change-how-ai-imitations-are-handled-across-europe/articleshow/122759842.html ''''''Your face, your rights': Denmark’s tough new Deepfake law could change how AI imitations are handled across Europe''''' at indiatimes.com] reporting putting the new move in bigger context, by Nancy Jaiswal 2025-07-10

----

= EU =
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|200px|The EU must address the malicious uses of AI in the law it is planning to regulate AI.]]
== Laws in the EU ==
=== Artificial Intelligence Act ===

The European Union has a law on AI called '''[[w:Artificial Intelligence Act]]'''. The European Commission proposed the AI Act in 2021. On Wednesday 2024-03-13 the MEPs adopted this law.<ref>

{{cite web
| url = https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law
| title = Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law
| last =
| first =
| date = 2024-03-13
| website = europarl.europa.eu
| publisher = [[w:European Parliament]]
| access-date = 2024-03-22
| quote = The regulation, agreed in negotiations with member states in December 2023, was endorsed by MEPs with 523 votes in favour, 46 against and 49 abstentions.
}}

</ref> The AI Act will have a key role in the effective implementation of upcoming EU [[#Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence|Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence]] and [[#Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse|Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]] that intend to protect us against synthetic pornography.

* European '''Artificial Intelligence Act''' has been approved by the member countries and is on track to be approved by April 2024.<ref>https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-artificial-intelligence-act-ai-technology-risk-rules/</ref> Read [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206 Proposal for a '''''REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL LAYING DOWN HARMONISED RULES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACT) AND AMENDING CERTAIN UNION LEGISLATIVE ACTS''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu]<ref group="1st seen in">https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/the-act/ via https://futureoflife.org/ newsletter</ref> (also contains translations)

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-europe-fit-for-the-digital-age/file-regulation-on-artificial-intelligence '''''Artificial intelligence act''''' in the Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu]

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law '''''Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a press announcement on the adoption of the Artificial Intelligence Act on Wednesday 2024-03-13.

'''Studies and information'''

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/stoa/en/document/EPRS_STU(2021)690039 '''''Tackling deepfakes in European policy''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a 2021 study by the Panel for the Future of Science and Technology and published by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]]. [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/690039/EPRS_STU(2021)690039_EN.pdf View .pdf at europarl.europa.eu]
* [https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/ '''''The EU Artificial Intelligence Act''''' at artificialintelligenceact.eu] is a website promising ''Up-to-date developments and analyses of the EU AI Act'' on the new EU law by the [https://futureoflife.org/ Future of Life Institute], an American non-profit NGO.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euractiv.com/section/artificial-intelligence/opinion/the-ai-act-vs-deepfakes-a-step-forward-but-is-it-enough/ '''''The AI Act vs. deepfakes: A step forward, but is it enough?''''' at euractiv.com], 2024-02-26 opinion piece by Cristina Vanberghen

=== Digital Services Act ===
[https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/digital-services-act-package '''The Digital Services Act''' package at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] [[w:Digital Services Act]] (DSA) came into force in November 2022.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

The Artificial Intelligence Act and Digital Services Act together will help in the enforcement of the upcoming protections to shield us from synthesis crimes.

== Bills in the EU ==
=== Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence ===
The [https://commission.europa.eu/document/28552314-3316-40b4-ae0f-17ff8ab9f43f_en '''''Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at commission.europa.eu] will require, among other things, that member states criminalize non-consensual [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|synthetic digital look-alike]] pornography in their criminal codes.

'''Official'''

* [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52022PC0105 '''''Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu] has the directive text in all languages and various formats

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-new-push-for-european-democracy/file-legislative-proposal-on-gender-based-violence '''''Legislative proposal on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''close to adoption''. (As of March 2024)

* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_649 '''''Commission welcomes political agreement on new rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-02-06 press release by the [[w:European Commission]].

* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_1533 '''''International Women's Day 2022: Commission proposes EU-wide rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-03-08 press release by the EC.

'''Unofficial'''

* [https://hateaid.org/en/eu-protects-women-from-digital-violence/ '''''Deepfakes and dick pics: EU protects women from digital violence''''' at hateaid.org], a 2024-02-07 press release by HateAid.org

* [https://futureoflife.org/ai-policy/disrupting-the-deepfake-pipeline-in-europe/ '''''Disrupting the Deepfake Pipeline in Europe''''' at futureoflife.org], 2024-02-22 article on the approach of ''Leveraging corporate criminal liability under the Violence Against Women Directive to safeguard against pornographic deepfake exploitation'' by Alexandra Tsalidis

=== Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse ===

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-promoting-our-european-way-of-life/file-combating-child-sexual-abuse-online '''''New legislation to fight child sexual abuse online''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''tabled''. (As of March 2024)
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/ '''''Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/timeline-prevention-of-online-child-sexual-abuse/ '''''Timeline - Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]

{{Q|The '''Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse''' ('''Child Sexual Abuse Regulation''', or '''CSAR''') is a [[w:European Union regulation]] proposed by the [[w:European Commissioner for Home Affairs]] [[w:Ylva Johansson]] on 11 May 2022. The stated aim of the legislation is to prevent child sexual abuse online through the implementation of a number of measures, including the establishment of a framework that would make the detection and reporting of child sexual abuse material ([[w:Child pornography|CSAM]]) by digital platforms a legal requirement within the European Union.|Wikipedia as of March 2024|[[w:Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]}}

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/02/06/new-eu-rules-will-criminalise-paedophilia-handbooks-and-deepfakes-of-child-abuse '''''New EU rules will criminalise 'paedophilia handbooks' and deepfakes of child abuse''''' at euronews.com], 2024-02-06 reporting

== Code of practice on Disinformation 2022 ==
The [https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation '''2022 Code of Practice on Disinformation''' at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] - ''Major online platforms, emerging and specialised platforms, players in the advertising industry, fact-checkers, research and civil society organisations delivered a strengthened Code of Practice on Disinformation following the Commission’s Guidance of May 2021''.<ref>https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation</ref>

= Finland =
[[File:Flag of Finland.svg|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|200px|Finland finally updated its laws in 2023 against synthetic filth attacks against adults.]]
[[File:Suomen lippu valokuva.png|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|255px|Finland strongly criminalized synthetic sexual pictures depicting children in 2011, upon the initiative of the [[w:Vanhanen II Cabinet]]]]
== Laws in Finland ==

[[File:Flag_of_Finland.svg|link=Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023|25px]] Suomeksi / in Finnish [[Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023]]

=== Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|what-is-it}}

=== Finland criminalized synthetic CSAM in 2011 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|history}}

----
= France =
[https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F32103 '''''Droit à l'image et respect de la vie privée''''' at service-public.fr] or in English [https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F32103?lang=en '''''Right to the image and respect for privacy''''' at service-public.fr] (automatic translation)

----

= Germany =
[[File:Flag of Germany.svg|thumb|right|200px|Existing German laws provide protection against appearance theft.]]
* [https://mj-cohen.com/2020/01/03/deepfakes-and-german-law/ '''''Deepfakes and German law''''' at mj-cohen.com], January 2020 summary by Maureen Cohen states that the existing German laws are well equipped rendering non-consensual digital look-alikes illegal.

----
= India =
[[File:Flag of India.svg|thumb|right|200px|India]]

'''Laws in India'''

Laws in India can be accessed through the [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/ '''India Code''' at indiacode.nic.in]

'''[[w:Information Technology Act, 2000]]'''
* Section 66. - '''Computer related offences.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=76&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66A. - Omitted. Would have been ''Punishment for sending offensive messages through communication service, etc.''
** Section 66B. - Punishment for dishonestly receiving stolen computer resource or communication device.
** Section 66C. - '''Punishment for identity theft.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=79&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66D. - '''Punishment for cheating by personation by using computer resource.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=80&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66E. - '''Punishment for violation of privacy.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=81#:~:text=Whoever%2C%20intentionally%20or%20knowingly%20captures,two%20lakh%20rupees%2C%20or%20with</ref>
** Section 66F. - Punishment for cyber terrorism.
* Section 67. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting obscene material in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=83&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67A. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material containing sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=84&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67B. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material depicting children in sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=85&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67C. - Preservation and retention of information by intermediaries.

'''[[w:Information Technology Rules, 2021]]'''

'''Past bills in India'''
* [[w:Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019]]
'''Legal compilations on the legal situation against synthetic filth in India'''
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|tclf 2023}}
* [https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916 '''''Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture''''' at livelaw.in]<ref name="Livelaw.in 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916
| title = Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture
| last = Rana
| first = Vikrant
| last2 = Gandhi
| first2 = Anuradha
| last3 = Thakur
| first3 = Rachita
| date = 2023-11-24
| website = livelaw.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-21
| quote =
}}
</ref> 2023-11-24 compilation on laws against synthetic fakes in India, by Vikrant Rana, Anuradha Gandhi and Rachita Thakur
* [https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/ '''''What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?''''' at cybercert.in]<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/
| title = What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website = cybercert.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-03-23
| quote = At present, India does not have any law specifically for deep fake cybercrime, but various other laws can be combined to deal with it.
}}
</ref>
* [https://cybercert.in/indian-cyber-laws/ '''''Cyberlaw in India''''' at cybercert.in] provides a wider look into the Indian Cyber Laws

----
= New Zealand =
[[File:Flag of New Zealand.svg|thumb|right|200px|New Zealand]]

* [https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2015/0063/latest/whole.html ''''Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015'''' at legislation.govt.nz]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing paper"/> criminalises intimate visual recordings and image-based sexual abuse.

* '''[[w:Netsafe]]''' [https://netsafe.org.nz/ netsafe.org.nz] is an online safety non-profit organisation in New Zealand. It provides educational, anti-bullying and support services. The organisation is contracted under the [[w:Harmful Digital Communications Act]] until 2026. (Wikipedia)

* [https://www.cert.govt.nz/ '''CERT.govt.nz'''], the [[w:Computer emergency response team]] of New Zealand - "''Responding to cyber security threats in New Zealand - CERT NZ is your first port of call when you need to report a cyber security problem.''"

* The '''[[w:Department of Internal Affairs]]''' investigates the possession of, and trading in, child exploitation material.<ref>https://www.police.govt.nz/advice-services/cybercrime-and-internet/online-child-safety</ref>

'''Links regarding the Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015'''
* [https://www.police.govt.nz/advice-services/cybercrime-and-internet/harmful-digital-communications-hdc ''''Harmful Digital Communications (HDC)'''' at police.govt.nz] by the [[w:New Zealand Police]]
* [https://www.justice.govt.nz/courts/civil/harmful-digital-communications/ ''''Harmful digital communications'''' at justice.govt.nz] by the [[w:Ministry of Justice (New Zealand)]]
* [https://netsafe.org.nz/what-is-the-hdca/ '''''What is the HDCA?''''' at netsafe.org.nz] by [[w:Netsafe]], the agency approved by the [[w:New Zealand Police]] to process complaints about harmful digital communications.
* See Wikipedia article on '''[[w:Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015]]''' for more info

----

= Singapore =
[[File:Flag of Singapore.svg|thumb|right|200px|Singapore]]
== Law in Singapore ==
=== Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019 ===

[[w:Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> is a [[w:statute]] of the [[w:Parliament of Singapore]] that enables authorities to tackle the spread of [[w:fake news]] or [[w:false information]]. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protection_from_Online_Falsehoods_and_Manipulation_Act_2019&oldid=1134029282 Wikipedia])

----

= South Africa =
[[File:Flag of the Republic of South Africa.svg|thumb|right|200px|[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 South Africa's relatively new Cybercrimes Act (Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020)] has been enacted only partially on Dec 1 2021]]

== Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020 ==
[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 '''South-Africa Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020''' (English / Afrikaans) at gov.za]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref> came only partially into effect on Wednesday 2021-12-01.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref>

* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-16-distribution-of-data-message-of-intimate-image/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 16 - Disclosure of data message of intimate image''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] Subsection 1 states <blockquote>''Any person (‘‘A’’) who unlawfully and intentionally discloses, by means of an electronic communications service, a data message of an intimate image of a person (‘‘B’’), without the consent of B, is guilty of an offence.''
</blockquote>

* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-17-attempting-conspiring-aiding-abetting-inducing-inciting-instigating-instructing-commanding-or-procuring-to-commit-offence/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 17 - Attempting, conspiring, aiding, abetting, inducing, inciting, instigating, instructing, commanding or procuring to commit offence''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] states
<blockquote>
Any person who unlawfully and intentionally
# attempts;
# conspires with any other person; or
# aids, abets, induces, incites, instigates, instructs, commands or procures another person, to commit an offence in terms of Part I or Part II of this Chapter, is guilty of an offence and is liable on conviction to the punishment to which a person convicted of actually committing that offence would be liable.
</blockquote>

'''Links'''
* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/ '''Cybercrimes Act''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] by Accessible Law contains the law in website format

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/ '''''Not all of the cogs in the Cybercrimes Act machine are turning at once — we still remain vulnerable''''' at dailymaverick.co.za]

----
= South Korea =
[[File:Flag of South Korea.svg|thumb|right|200px|South Korea has invested heavily in AI research and has also legislation to counter the menaces of synthetic human-like fakes.]]
== Law in South Korea ==
=== ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES ===
[https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawView.do?hseq=40947&lang=ENG '''ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES''' at elaw.klri.re.kr] is a law in South Korea.<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

----

= UK =
* {{#lst:Glossary|UK-Parliament-glossary}}
* {{#lst:Glossary|Law-Society-glossary}}

== Law against synthesis crimes in the UK ==
[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|thumb|right|200px|The UK has improved its legislation.]]

=== Anti-CSAM measures 2025 ===
On Saturday 2025-02-01 Home Secretary Yvette Cooper announced that the UK will be the 1st country in the world to<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-leading-the-way-protecting-children-from-online-predators</ref>
* "''make it illegal to possess, create or distribute AI tools designed to generate child sexual abuse material (CSAM), punishable by up to 5 years in prison''"
* "''make it illegal for anyone to possess AI ‘paedophile manuals’ which teach people how to use AI to sexually abuse children, punishable by up to 3 years in prison''"

Also a law to
* "''introduce a specific offence for predators who run websites designed for other paedophiles to share vile child sexual abuse content or advice on how to groom children, punishable by up to 10 years in prison''"

Additional powers will be given to the Border Force
* "''give Border Force the necessary powers to keep the UK safe and prevent the distribution of CSAM which is often filmed abroad by allowing officers to compel an individual who they reasonably suspect poses a sexual risk to children to unlock their digital devices for inspection, punishable by up to 3 years in prison, depending on the severity''"

Official
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-leading-the-way-protecting-children-from-online-predators '''''Britain's leading the way protecting children from online predators ''''' at gov.uk] - ''UK becomes the first country in the world to create new AI sexual abuse offences to protect children from predators generating AI images. ''

Reporting
* [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8d90qe4nylo '''''AI-generated child sex abuse images targeted with new laws''''' at bbc.com]
* [https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/02/uk/britain-criminalizes-ai-child-sex-abuse-intl-hnk/index.html '''''UK to target AI child sex abuse tools in world first legal crackdown''''' at edition.cnn.com]
* [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/2/uk-to-become-first-country-to-criminalise-ai-child-abuse-tools '''''UK to become first country to criminalise AI child abuse tools''''' at aljazeera.com]
* [https://www.voanews.com/a/uk-to-become-1st-country-to-criminalize-ai-child-abuse-tools/7959851.html '''''UK to become 1st country to criminalize AI child abuse tools''''' at voanews.com]

=== Creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in the UK 2024 ===
On Tuesday 2024-04-16 the UK announced that '''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK'''.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com]</ref> This is a very good move and next logical step would be the prohibition of non-consensually possessing other people's appearance models and voice models, as suggested in [[#Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola|Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola]]. There is really no logical reason to allow criminal leagues to legally possess and trade their libraries of models without this acquisition through covert modeling or trading and possession of raw materials (covert models) to produce the disinformation weapons being illegal.

Reporting
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''Creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com]

=== Online Safety Act 2023 ===
[[w:Online Safety Act 2023]] [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2023/50/enacted '''Online Safety Act 2023''' at legislation.gov.uk] received Royal Assent on 2023-10-26<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular</ref> and it reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.

* '''Part 4''' - '''CSEA reporting''' of the Act on CSEA reporting has not yet come into effect as of February 2024.
** Section 66 requires providers of services regulated under the Act to have systems and processes in place (so far as possible) to ensure that they report all detected and unreported CSEA content present on the service to the NCA (National Crime Agency)
** '''Offence in relation to CSEA reporting''' in Section 69
* '''Part 7''' – '''Enforcement offences'''
* '''Part 10''' - '''Communication offences''' establishes
** '''False communications offence''' in Section 179
** '''Threatening communications offence''' in Section 181
** '''Offences of sending or showing flashing images electronically''' in Section 183
** '''Offence of encouraging or assisting serious self-harm''' in Section 184
** '''Sending etc photograph or film of genitals''' in Section 187
** '''Sharing or threatening to share intimate photograph or film''' in Section 188

The Online Safety Act 2023 came to be from a House of Lords bill UK's [https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3137 '''HL Bill 151''' - '''''Online Safety Bill''''' at bills.parliament.uk] The bill originated from the House of Commons sessions 2021-22 2022-23.

* [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular '''''Online Safety Act: new criminal offences circular''''' at gov.uk] published 2024-01-31 - It is a ''circular is issued to inform the police and other relevant public authorities of certain provisions of the Online Safety Act in particular new criminal offences.''
* [https://www.ofcom.org.uk/news-centre/2023/safer-life-online-for-people-in-uk ''Creating a safer life online for people in the UK'' at ofcom.org.uk]

* [https://www.gov.uk/guidance/a-guide-to-the-online-safety-bill ''A guide to the Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/online-safety-bill ''Documents, publications and announcements relating to the government's Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]

'''Reporting and summaries of the Online Safety Act'''
* [https://www.infolaw.co.uk/newsletter/2023/11/the-online-safety-act-2023-a-primer/ '''''The Online Safety Act 2023: a primer''''' at infolaw.co.uk], a 2023 primer on the Online Safety Act by Alex Heshmaty on 2023-11-29
* [https://www.epra.org/news_items/uk-the-online-safety-act-is-now-law-ofcom-s-powers-as-online-safety-regulator-have-officially-commenced '''''UK: The Online Safety Act is now law; Ofcom’s powers as online safety regulator have officially commenced''''' at epra.org] states that there will three successive implementation phases.

=== The Domestic Abuse Act 2021 Chapter 17, part 6 - Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films ===
'''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/contents/enacted Chapter 17] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/enacted Part 6 - ''Offences involving abusive or violent behaviour''] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted ''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films'' - ''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress'']

According to the UK-based [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/ '''Revenge Porn Helpline''' at revengepornhelpline.org.uk] article [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/ '''''What to do if someone is threatening to share your intimate images'''''] threats to share intimate images with the intent to cause distress is now an offense in UK law. This is included within the '''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' which was enacted into UK law on 29th June 2021.<ref>https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/</ref>

We don't know quite yet if the bug has been fixed, that if the pictures <u>are not pictures of you</u>, but [[synthetic human-like fakes]] the police cannot do anything.

'''Links'''
* [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted '''Domestic Abuse Act 2021''' / '''Chapter 17''' / '''Part 6''' / '''''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films''''' - '''''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress''''' at legislation.gov.uk]

=== Historical about the UK law against synthesis crimes ===

The UK law was not very up-to-date on the issue of synthetic filth until recent improvements.

The independent [[w:Law Commission (England and Wales)]] reviewed the law where it applies to taking, making and sharing intimate images without consent. The outcome of the consultation was due to be published later in 2021.<ref name="BBC2021">

{{cite web
|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-55546372
|title = 'Deepfake porn images still give me nightmares'
|last = Royle
|first = Sara
|date = 2021-01-05
|website = [[w:BBC Online]]
|publisher = [[w:BBC]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = She alerted the police to the images but was told that no action could be taken. Dr Aislinn O'Connell, a lecturer in law at Royal Holloway University of London, explained that Helen's case fell outside the current law.}}

</ref>

"In 2019, law expert Dr Aislinn O’Connell told [[w:The Independent]] that our current laws on image sharing are piecemeal and not fit for purpose. In October 2018 The [[w:Women and Equalities Committee]] called on the UK Government to introduce new legislation on image-based sexual abuse in order to '''criminalise ALL''' non-consensual creation and distribution of intimate sexual images."<ref name="MortPetition2020">

{{cite web
|url = https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images
|title = Change.org petition: 'Tighten regulation on taking, making and faking explicit images'
|last = Mort
|first = Helen
|date = 2020
|website = [[w:Change.org]]
|publisher = [[w:Change.org]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = Unlike other forms of revenge porn, creating pictures or videos like this is not yet illegal in the UK, though it is in some places in the US. The police were unable to help me.}}

</ref> This call is for similar laws as California put in place on January 1 2020.

----

= USA =

[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|thumb|right|200px|Various US states have enacted state laws aimed against synthetic human-like fakes and since May 2025 through the [[w:TAKE IT DOWN Act]] USA has federal legislation against this menace. Many other [[#Past bills in the USA|federal bills have been introduced in the USA]].]]

* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker}}
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024}}
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA}}

{{#lst:Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|cybercivilrights.org law compilations}}

See also:
* [[#Current bills in the USA|Current bills in the USA]] and [[#Past bills in the USA|past bills in the USA]]
* [https://www.congress.gov/legislative-process/introduction-and-referral-of-bills '''The Legislative Process: Introduction and Referral of Bills (Video)''' at congress.gov]
* {{#lst:Glossary|US-Congress-glossary}}

== Federal laws in the USA against synthesis crimes ==
=== US Senate Act S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
The [https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/146 '''''S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act''''' at congress.gov], a bipartisan act against non-consensual intimate image-based abuse, or in other words, against naked synthetic digital look-alikes and real image-based abuse. The long name for citing this act is '''''T'''ools to '''A'''ddress '''K'''nown '''E'''xploitation by '''I'''mmobilizing '''T'''echnological '''D'''eepfakes '''o'''n '''W'''ebsites and '''N'''etworks Act'''''.

It became federal law on Monday 2025-05-19. It was passed by the House of Representatives on Monday 2025-04-28. There is a one year delay on some of the requirements of the TAKE IT DOWN Act.

* In Wikipedia [[w:TAKE IT DOWN Act]]

* [https://rainn.org/policy/take-it-down-act '''''Take It Down Act''''' summary at rainn.org] - ''Criminalizing tech-enabled sexual abuse'' - ''Join us in celebrating this landmark victory for survivors of image-based sexual abuse!''
* [https://rainn.org/news/rainn-backed-%E2%80%9Ctake-it-down-act%E2%80%9D-passes-congress '''''RAINN-Backed “Take It Down Act” Passes Congress!''''' at rainn.org] - ''HISTORIC WIN FOR VICTIMS OF TECH-ENABLED SEXUAL ABUSE: RAINN-Backed “Take It Down Act” Passes Congress!''
* [https://apnews.com/article/take-it-down-deepfake-trump-melania-first-amendment-741a6e525e81e5e3d8843aac20de8615 '''''Take It Down Act, addressing nonconsensual deepfakes and ‘revenge porn,’ passes. What is it?''''' at apnews.com], 2025-04-28 reporting by Barbara Ortutay

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.npr.org/2025/04/28/nx-s1-5380236/take-it-down-act-melania-trump '''''Congress approves a revenge porn bill backed by first lady Melania Trump''''' at npr.org], 2025-04-28 reporting by Ayana Archie
* [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/house-take-it-down-act-vote-deepfake-pornography-victims/ '''''House passes "Take it Down Act," sending revenge porn bill backed by Melania Trump to president's desk''''' at cbsnews.com], 2025-04-28 reporting by Caitlin Yilek

== Law against synthesis crimes in Virginia 2019 ==
=== Code of Virginia § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty ===
[[File:Flag of Virginia.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Virginia]], an avant-garde state. Motto "[[w:Sic semper tyrannis]]"]]

<section begin=Virginia2019 />[[File:Marcus Simon.jpeg|thumb|right|108px|Homie [[w:Marcus Simon|w:Marcus Simon]] ([http://marcussimon.com/ marcussimon.com]) is a Member of the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] and a true pioneer in legislating against synthetic filth.]] Since July 1 2019<ref>

{{Cite web
| url=https://www.fauquier.com/news/new-state-laws-go-into-effect-july/article_6e2e16c8-96b7-11e9-88d0-83a8852ef3eb.html
| title=New state laws go into effect July 1
}}

</ref> [[w:Virginia]] [[w:criminalization|w:has criminalized]] the sale and dissemination of unauthorized synthetic pornography, but not the manufacture.<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515">
{{cite web
| url = https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/
| title = § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website =
| publisher = [[w:Virginia]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref>, as section [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ § 18.2-386.2 titled ''''''Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''''''] became part of the '''[[w:Code of Virginia]]'''.

[https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/ '''Code of Virginia''' (TOC)] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/ '''Title 18.2.''' Crimes and Offenses Generally] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/ '''Chapter 8.''' Crimes Involving Morals and Decency] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title18.2/chapter8/article5/ '''Article 5.''' Obscenity and Related Offenses] » '''Section''' [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ § '''18.2-386.2.''' Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty]

The [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ section '''§ 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''' of Virginia] is as follows:
<blockquote>
'''A'''. ''Any [[w:person]] who, with the [[w:Intention (criminal law)|w:intent]] to [[w:coercion|w:coerce]], [[w:harassment|w:harass]], or [[w:intimidation|w:intimidate]], [[w:Malice_(law)|w:malicious]]ly [[w:dissemination|w:disseminates]] or [[w:sales|w:sells]] any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever that [[w:Depiction|w:depicts]] another person who is totally [[w:nudity|w:nude]], or in a state of undress so as to expose the [[w:sex organs|w:genitals]], pubic area, [[w:buttocks]], or female [[w:breast]], where such person knows or has reason to know that he is not [[w:license]]d or [[w:authorization|w:authorized]] to disseminate or sell such [[w:Video|w:videographic]] or [[w:Film still|w:still image]] is [[w:Guilt (law)|w:guilty]] of a Class 1 [[w:Misdemeanor#United States|w:misdemeanor]]. ''
::For purposes of this subsection, "another person" includes a person whose image was used in creating, adapting, or modifying a videographic or still image with the intent to depict an actual person and who is recognizable as an actual person by the person's [[w:face]], [[w:Simulacrum|w:likeness]], or other distinguishing characteristic.''

'''B'''. ''If a person uses [[w:Service (economics)|w:services]] of an [[w:Internet service provider]], an electronic mail service provider, or any other information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server in committing acts prohibited under this section, such provider shall not be held responsible for violating this section for content provided by another person.''

'''C.''' ''Venue for a prosecution under this section may lie in the [[w:jurisdiction]] where the unlawful act occurs or where any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever is produced, reproduced, found, stored, received, or possessed in violation of this section.''

'''D.''' ''The provisions of this section shall not preclude prosecution under any other [[w:statute]].''<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515"/>

The identical bills were [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+HB2678 House Bill 2678] presented by [[w:Delegate (American politics)|w:Delegate]] [[w:Marcus Simon]] to the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] on January 14 2019 and three day later an identical [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+SB1736 Senate bill 1736] was introduced to the [[w:Senate of Virginia]] by Senator [[w:Adam Ebbin]].
</blockquote>
<section end=Virginia2019 />

== Law against synthesis crimes in Texas 2019 ==
=== Texas SB 751 - Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election ===
[[File:Flag of Texas.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Texas]], the Lone Star State has protected the political candidates, but not ordinary folk against synthetic filth.]]

<section begin=Texas2019 />On September 1 2019 [[w:Texas Senate]] bill [https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/86R/billtext/html/SB00751F.htm '''SB 751''' - '''''Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election'''''] [[w:amendment]]s to the election code came into effect in the [[w:Law of Texas]], giving [[w:candidates]] in [[w:elections]] a '''30-day protection period''' to the elections during which making and distributing digital look-alikes or synthetic fakes of the candidates is an offense. The law text defines the subject of the law as "''a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality''"<ref name="TexasSB751">

{{cite web
|url= https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751
|title= Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election
|last=
|first=
|date= 2019-06-14
|website=
|publisher= [[w:Texas]]
|access-date= 2021-01-23
|quote= In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality}}

</ref> SB 751 was introduced to the Senate by [[w:Bryan Hughes (politician)]].<ref name="Texas SB 751 history">https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751</ref>

<section end=Texas2019 />

The text of '''S.B. No. 751''' is as follows
<blockquote>
'''''AN ACT relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election.'''''

''BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:''

SECTION 1. ''[https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/EL/htm/EL.255.htm Section 255.004, Election Code], is [[w:Amend (motion)|w:amended]] by adding Subsections (d) and (e) to read as follows:''
* ('''d''') ''A person commits an offense if the person, with intent to injure a candidate or influence the result of an election:''
*# '''''creates''' a [[w:deepfake|deep fake]] video; and''
*# ''causes the deep fake video to be '''published''' or '''distributed''' within '''30 days''' of an '''election'''.''
* ('''e''') ''In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the '''intent to deceive''', that '''appears to depict''' a real person performing an action that '''did not occur''' in '''reality'''.''
SECTION 2. ''This Act takes effect September 1, 2019.''
</blockquote>
----

* [[w:Texas Legislature]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in California 2020 ==
=== California AB-602 - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action ===
[[File:Flag of California.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:California]] moved later than Virginia, but it outlawed also the manufacture of synthetic filth on Jan 1 2020.]]

<section begin=California2020 />[[File:Marc Berman.jpg|thumb|120px|right|Homie [[w:Marc Berman|w:Marc Berman]], a righteous fighter for our human rights in this age of industrial disinformation filth and an Assemblymember of the [[w:California State Assembly]], most loved for authoring [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 '''AB-602''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''], which came into effect on Jan 1 2020, banning both the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted.]] January 1 2020 <ref name="KFI2019">

{{cite web
|url= https://kfiam640.iheart.com/content/2019-12-30-here-are-the-new-california-laws-going-into-effect-in-2020/
|title= Here Are the New California Laws Going Into Effect in 2020
|last= Johnson
|first= R.J.
|date= 2019-12-30
|website= [[KFI]]
|publisher= [[iHeartMedia]]
|access-date= 2021-01-23
|quote=}}

</ref> the [[w:California]] [[w:State law (United States)|w:US state law]] '''[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 "AB-602 ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''."]''' came into effect in the [[w:California Civil Code|civil code]] of the [[w:California Codes]] banning the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted. AB-602 provides victims of synthetic pornography with [[w:injunction|w:injunctive relief]] and poses legal threats of [[w:statutory damages|w:statutory]] and [[w:punitive damages]] on [[w:criminal]]s making or distributing synthetic pornography without consent. The bill AB-602 was signed into law by California [[w:Governor (United States)|w:Governor]] [[w:Gavin Newsom]] on October 3 2019 and was authored by [[w:California State Assembly]]member [[w:Marc Berman]] and an identical Senate bill was coauthored by [[w:California State Senate|w:California Senator]] [[w:Connie Leyva]].<ref name="OpenStates AB 602">

{{cite web
|url=https://openstates.org/ca/bills/20192020/AB602/
|title=AB 602 - California Assembly Bill 2019-2020 Regular Session - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action.
|last=
|first=
|date=
|website=openstates.org
|publisher=openstates.org
|access-date=2021-03-24
|quote=}}

</ref><ref name="CNET2019">

{{cite web
| last = Mihalcik
| first = Carrie
| title = California laws seek to crack down on deepfakes in politics and porn
| website = [[w:cnet.com]]
| publisher = [[w:CNET]]
| date = 2019-10-04
| url = https://www.cnet.com/news/california-laws-seek-to-crack-down-on-deepfakes-in-politics-and-porn/
| access-date = 2021-01-23
}}

</ref> [https://trackbill.com/bill/california-assembly-bill-602-depiction-of-individual-using-digital-or-electronic-technology-sexually-explicit-material-cause-of-action/1690501/ AB602 at trackbill.com]
<section end=California2020 />

[[File:Connie Leyva 2015.jpg|thumb|right|240px|[[w:California]] [[w:California State Senate|w:Senator]] [[w:Connie Leyva]] sponsored [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB564&showamends=false '''California Senate Bill SB 564''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''] in Feb '''2019''' and the Senate Bill was [https://www.sagaftra.org/action-alert-support-california-bill-end-deepfake-porn endorsed by SAG-AFTRA], but the Assembly Bill AB-602 authored by [[w:California State Assembly]]member [[w:Marc Berman]] was the one that became law on 1 January 2020 in the [[w:California Civil Code|w:California Civil Code]] of the [[w:California Codes]].]]

'''Introduction''' by [https://a24.asmdc.org/ Assemblymember Marc Berman]:

'''AB 602''', Berman. '''''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action'''''.

Existing law creates a private [[w:Cause of action|w:right of action]] against a person who intentionally distributes a photograph or recorded image of another that exposes the intimate body parts of that person or of a person engaged in a sexual act '''without the person’s consent''' if specified conditions are met.

This bill would provide that a '''depicted individual''', as defined, has a '''[[w:cause of action]] against''' a person who '''either'''
* (1) '''creates''' and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material if the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted''' individual '''did not [[w:consent]]''' to its creation or disclosure or
* (2) who '''intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create if the person knows the '''depicted''' individual '''did not consent''' to its creation.

The bill would specify exceptions to those provisions, including if the material is a matter of legitimate public concern or a work of political or newsworthy value.

The bill would authorize a prevailing [[w:plaintiff]] who suffers harm to seek [[w:Injunction|w:injunctive]] relief and recover reasonable [[w:attorney’s fee]]s and costs as well as specified monetary [[w:damages]], including [[w:Statutory damages|statutory]] and [[w:punitive damages]].

'''The law is as follows''':
<blockquote>
SECTION 1. Section 1708.86 is added to the [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codesTOCSelected.xhtml?tocCode=CIV&tocTitle=+Civil+Code+-+CIV Civil Code of California], to read:

'''1708.86.''' ('''a''') '''For purposes of this section''':
* (1) “''Altered depiction''” means a performance that was actually performed by the depicted individual but was subsequently altered to be in violation of this section.
* (2) “''Authorized Representative''” means an attorney, talent agent, or personal manager authorized to represent a depicted individual if the depicted individual is represented.
* (3) (A) “''Consent''” means an agreement written in plain language signed knowingly and voluntarily by the depicted individual that includes a general description of the sexually explicit material and the audiovisual work in which it will be incorporated.
* (3) (B) A depicted individual may rescind consent by delivering written notice within three business days from the date consent was given to the person in whose favor consent was made, unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:
:**(i) The depicted individual is given at least 72 hours to review the terms of the agreement before signing it.
:**(ii) The depicted individual’s authorized representative provides written approval of the signed agreement.
* (4) “''Depicted individual''” means an individual who appears, as a result of digitization, to be giving a performance they did not actually perform or to be performing in an altered depiction.
* (5) “''Despicable conduct''” means conduct that is so vile, base, or contemptible that it would be looked down on and despised by a reasonable person.
* (6) “''Digitization''” means to realistically depict any of the following:
** (A) The nude body parts of another human being as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
** (B) Computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
** (C) The depicted individual engaging in sexual conduct in which the depicted individual did not engage.
* (7) “''Disclose''” means to publish, make available, or distribute to the public.
* (8) “''Individual''” means a natural person.
* (9) “''Malice''” means that the defendant acted with intent to cause harm to the plaintiff or despicable conduct that was done with a willful and knowing disregard of the rights of the plaintiff. A person acts with knowing disregard within the meaning of this paragraph when they are aware of the probable harmful consequences of their conduct and deliberately fail to avoid those consequences.
* (10) “''Nude''” means visible genitals, pubic area, anus, or a female’s postpubescent nipple or areola.
* (11) “''Person''” means a human being or legal entity.
* (12) “''Plaintiff''” includes cross-plaintiff.
* (13) “''Sexual conduct''” means any of the following:
** (A) Masturbation.
** (B) Sexual intercourse, including genital, oral, or anal, whether between persons regardless of sex or gender or between humans and animals.
** (C) Sexual penetration of the vagina or rectum by, or with, an object.
** (D) The transfer of semen by means of sexual conduct from the penis directly onto the depicted individual as a result of ejaculation.
** (E) Sadomasochistic abuse involving the depicted individual.
(14) “''Sexually explicit material''” means any portion of an audiovisual work that shows the depicted individual performing in the nude or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct.

('''b''') '''A depicted individual has a cause of action against''' a person who does '''either of the following''':
* (1) '''Creates and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material''' and the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted individual''' in that material '''did not consent''' to its creation or disclosure.
* (2) '''Intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create and the person knows the depicted individual in that material '''did not consent''' to the creation of the sexually explicit material.

('''c''') (1) A person is '''not liable''' under this section in either of the following circumstances:
* (A) The person discloses the sexually explicit material in the course of any of the following:
:** (i) Reporting unlawful activity.
:** (ii) Exercising the person’s law enforcement duties.
:**(iii) Hearings, trials, or other legal proceedings.
* (B) The material is any of the following:
:** (i) A matter of legitimate public concern.
:** (ii) A work of political or newsworthy value or similar work.
:** (iii) Commentary, criticism, or disclosure that is otherwise protected by the California Constitution or the United States Constitution.
* (2) For purposes of this subdivision, sexually explicit material is not of newsworthy value solely because the depicted individual is a public figure.

('''d''') It shall not be a defense to an action under this section that there is a disclaimer included in the sexually explicit material that communicates that the inclusion of the depicted individual in the sexually explicit material was unauthorized or that the depicted individual did not participate in the creation or development of the material.

('''e''') (1) A prevailing plaintiff who suffers harm as a result of the violation of subdivision (b) may recover any of the following:
* (A) An amount equal to the monetary gain made by the defendant from the creation, development, or disclosure of the sexually explicit material.
* (B) One of the following:
:** (i) Economic and noneconomic damages proximately caused by the disclosure of the sexually explicit material, including damages for emotional distress.
:** (ii) Upon request of the plaintiff at any time before the final judgment is rendered, the plaintiff may instead recover an award of statutory damages for all unauthorized acts involved in the action, with respect to any one work, as follows:
:** (I) A sum of not less than one thousand five hundred dollars ($1,500) but not more than thirty thousand dollars ($30,000).
:** (II) If the unlawful act was committed with malice, the award of statutory damages may be increased to a maximum of one hundred fifty thousand dollars ($150,000).
* (C) Punitive damages.
* (D) Reasonable attorney’s fees and costs.
* (E) Any other available relief, including injunctive relief.
(2) The remedies provided by this section are cumulative and shall not be construed as restricting a remedy that is available under any other law.

('''f''') An action under this section shall be commenced no later than three years from the date the unauthorized creation, development, or disclosure was discovered or should have been discovered with the exercise of reasonable diligence.

('''g''') The provisions of this section are severable. If any provision of this section or its application is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions.
</blockquote>
<ref name="CaliforniaStateLaw AB 602">
{{Citation
| title = "AB-602 Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action."
| first = Marc
| last = Berman
| author-link = w:Marc Berman
| first2 = Connie
| last2 = Leyva
| author2-link = w:Connie Leyva
| series =
| year = 2019
| publisher = [[w:California]]
| url = https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602
}}

</ref>

----

* [[w:California State Legislature]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in Georgia in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of Georgia (U.S. state) II.png|thumb|right|200px|Georgia's motto is ''"Wisdom, Justice, Moderation"'' and one could say it is well manifested in how their law against synthetic filth [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html '''GA CODE § 16-11-90'''] is thought out and written.]]
=== Georgia Code § 16-11-90 ===

'''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/ Georgia Code]''' / '''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ Title 16. Crimes and Offenses]''' [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html Chapter 11 "Offenses Against Public Order and Safety", Article 3 "Invasions of Privacy", Part 3 "Invasion of privacy" '''GA CODE § 16-11-90''']
<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list">https://cybercivilrights.org/deep-fake-laws/</ref>

'''The law is''' as of April 14, 2021<ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com" /> as follows:
<blockquote>
('''a''') As used in this Code section, the term:

* ('''1''') “''Harassment''” means engaging in conduct directed at a depicted person that is intended to cause substantial emotional harm to the depicted person.

* ('''2''') “''Nudity''” means:

::* (A) The showing of the human male or female genitals, pubic area, or buttocks without any covering or with less than a full opaque covering;

::* (B) The showing of the female breasts without any covering or with less than a full opaque covering; or

::* (C) The depiction of covered male genitals in a discernibly turgid state.

* ('''3''') “''Sexually explicit conduct” shall have the same meaning as set forth in Code Section 16-12-100 .

('''b''') '''A person violates this Code section if he or she, knowing the content of a transmission or post, knowingly and without the consent of the depicted person''':

* ('''1''') '''Electronically transmits or posts''', in one or more transmissions or posts, a photograph or video which depicts nudity or sexually explicit conduct of an adult, '''including a falsely created videographic or still image''', when the transmission or post is harassment or causes financial loss to the depicted person and serves no legitimate purpose to the depicted person; or

* ('''2''') '''Causes the electronic transmission or posting''', in one or more transmissions or posts, of a photograph or video which depicts nudity or sexually explicit conduct of an adult, '''including a falsely created videographic or still image''', when the transmission or post is harassment or causes financial loss to the depicted person and serves no legitimate purpose to the depicted person.

:Nothing in this Code section shall be construed to impose liability on an interactive computer service, as such term is defined in 47 U.S.C. 230(f)(2) , or an information service or telecommunications service, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. 153 , for content provided by another person.

('''c''') Any person who violates this Code section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of a high and aggravated nature; provided, however, that upon a second or subsequent violation of this Code section, he or she shall be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by imprisonment of not less than one nor more than five years, a fine of not more than $100,000.00, or both.

('''d''') A person shall be '''subject to prosecution in this state''' pursuant to Code Section 17-2-1 for any conduct made unlawful by this Code section which the person engages in while:

* ('''1''') '''Either within''' or '''outside of this state''' if, by such conduct, the person commits a violation of this Code section which involves an '''individual who resides in this state'''; or

* ('''2''') '''Within this state''' if, by such conduct, the person commits a violation of this Code section which involves an '''individual who resides within or outside this state'''.

('''e''') The provisions of subsection (b) of this Code section shall not apply to:

* ('''1''') The activities of law enforcement and prosecution agencies in the investigation and prosecution of criminal offenses;

* ('''2''') Legitimate medical, scientific, or educational activities;

* ('''3''') Any person who transmits or posts a photograph or video depicting only himself or herself engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct;

* ('''4''') The transmission or posting of a photograph or video that was originally made for commercial purposes;

* ('''5''') Any person who transmits or posts a photograph or video depicting a person voluntarily engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct in a public setting; or

* ('''6''') A transmission that is made pursuant to or in anticipation of a civil action.

('''f''') There shall be a rebuttable presumption that an information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server, including specifically a service or system that provides access to the Internet, for content provided by another person, does not know the content of an electronic transmission or post.

('''g''') Any violation of this Code section shall constitute a separate offense and shall not merge with any other crimes set forth in this title.</blockquote><ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com">

{{cite web
|url=https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html
|title=Georgia Code Title 16. Crimes and Offenses § 16-11-90
|last=
|first=
|date=2021-04-14
|website=[[w:FindLaw]]
|publisher=[[w:Georgia (U.S. state)]]
|access-date=2022-01-04
|quote=}}

</ref>

== Law against synthesis crimes in New York State in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of New York.svg|thumb|right|200px|New York State]]
=== New York State - CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy SECTION 52-C - Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual ===
[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/-CH6 '''CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights'''] [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/A5 '''ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual '''SECTION 52-C''' - '''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual''']<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list" />

'''The law is as follows:'''
<blockquote>
<big>'''§ 52-c''' - '''''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual.''''' </big><sup>Obs: There are 2 § 52-c's</sup>

'''1. For the purposes of this section:'''

* '''a.''' "'''''depicted individual'''''" means an individual who '''appears''', as a result of digitization, '''to be giving a performance they did not actually perform''' or '''to be performing in a performance that was actually performed by the depicted individual but was subsequently altered to be in violation of this section'''.

* '''b.''' "'''''digitization'''''" means to '''realistically depict the nude body parts of another human being as the nude body parts of the depicted individual''', '''computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the depicted individual''' or the '''depicted individual engaging in sexual conduct''', as defined in subdivision ten of section 130.00 of the penal law, '''in which the depicted individual did not engage'''.

* '''c.''' "''individual''" means a natural person.

* '''d.''' "''person''" means a human being or legal entity.

* '''e.''' "''sexually explicit material''" means any portion of an audio visual work that shows the depicted individual performing in the nude, meaning with an unclothed or exposed intimate part, as defined in section 245.15 of the penal law, or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct, as defined in subdivision ten of section 130.00 of the penal law.

'''2. a.''' A depicted individual shall have a '''cause of action''' against a person who, '''discloses''', '''disseminates''' or '''publishes''' sexually explicit material related to the depicted individual, and the person knows or reasonably should have known the depicted individual in that material '''did not consent''' to its '''creation''', disclosure, dissemination, or publication.

* '''b.''' It shall '''not be a defense''' to an action under this section that '''there is a disclaimer''' in the sexually explicit material that communicates that the inclusion of the depicted individual in the sexually explicit material was unauthorized or that the depicted individual did not participate in the creation or development of the material.

'''3. a.''' A depicted individual may only consent to the creation, disclosure, dissemination, or publication of sexually explicit material by knowingly and voluntarily signing an agreement written in plain language that includes a general description of the sexually explicit material and the audiovisual work in which it will be incorporated.

* '''b.''' A depicted individual may rescind consent by delivering written notice within three business days from the date consent was given to the person in whose favor consent was made, unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:

:* i. the depicted individual is given at least three business days to review the terms of the agreement before signing it; or

:* ii. if the depicted individual is represented, the attorney, talent agent, or personal manager authorized to represent the depicted individual provides additional written approval of the signed agreement.

'''4. a.''' A person is not liable under this section if:

:* i. the person discloses, disseminates or publishes the sexually explicit material in the course of reporting unlawful activity, exercising the person's law enforcement duties, or hearings, trials or other legal proceedings; or

:* ii. the sexually explicit material is a matter of legitimate public concern, a work of political or newsworthy value or similar work, or commentary, criticism or disclosure that is otherwise protected by the constitution of this state or the United States; provided that sexually explicit material shall not be considered of newsworthy value solely because the depicted individual is a public figure.

'''5.''' In any action commenced pursuant to this section, the finder of fact, in its discretion, '''may award injunctive relief''', '''punitive damages''', '''compensatory damages''', and '''reasonable court costs''' and '''attorney's fees'''.

'''6.''' A cause of action or special proceeding under this section shall be commenced the later of either:

* '''a.''' three years after the dissemination or publication of sexually explicit material; or

* '''b.''' one year from the date a person discovers, or reasonably should have discovered, the dissemination or publication of such sexually explicit material.

'''7.''' Nothing in this section shall be read to require a prior criminal complaint, prosecution or conviction to establish the elements of the cause of action provided for in this section.

'''8.''' The provisions of this section including the remedies are in addition to, and shall not supersede, any other rights or remedies available in law or equity.

'''9.''' If any provision of this section or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of this section which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this section are severable.

'''10.''' Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit, or to enlarge, the protections that 47 U.S.C. § 230 confers on an interactive
computer service for content provided by another information content provider, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. § 230.</blockquote><ref name="New York State Civil Rights CHAPTER 6, ARTICLE 5, SECTION 52-C">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual
|title= SECTION 52-C Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual
|last=
|first=
|date=2021-11-12
|website=nysenate.gov
|publisher=[[w:New York State Legislature]]
|access-date=2021-01-04
|quote=}}

</ref>

== Law against synthesis crimes in Florida 2025 ==
[https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2025/1161/?Tab=BillHistory '''''CS/CS/HB 1161: Removal of Altered Sexual Depictions Posted without Consent''''' at flsenate.gov] is set to become law in 2025

'''Reporting'''
* [https://floridapolitics.com/archives/733939-brookes-law-giving-deepfake-victims-recourse-against-platforms-will-head-to-governors-desk/ '''''‘Brooke’s Law,’ giving deepfake victims recourse against platforms, heads to Governor’s desk''''' at floridapolitics.com], April 2025 reporting by A.G. Gancarski

== Current bills in the USA ==

== 119th Congress ==
=== Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2025 (DEFIANCE Act of 2025) (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1837 '''''Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2025 (DEFIANCE Act of 2025)''''' at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of the US Senate bill S. 3696 - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images and Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024 (DEFIANCE Act of 2024) (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3696/text '''''S.3696 - DEFIANCE Act of 2024''''' at congress.gov], a bipartisan Senate bill against synthetic filth.

* [https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record/volume-170/issue-17/senate-section/article/S289-2 '''''Introductory Statement on S. 3696; Congressional Record Vol. 170, No. 17''''' at congress.gov] 2024-01-30
* [https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/press/releases/durbin-graham-klobuchar-hawley-introduce-defiance-act-to-hold-accountable-those-responsible-for-the-proliferation-of-nonconsensual-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-and-videos '''''Durbin, Graham, Klobuchar, Hawley Introduce DEFIANCE Act to Hold Accountable Those Responsible for the Proliferation of Nonconsensual, Sexually-Explicit “Deepfake” Images and Videos''''' at judiciary.senate.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>
* [https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118s3696is '''''S. 3696 (IS) - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024''''' at govinfo.gov]
* [https://www.durbin.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/defiance_act_of_2024.pdf '''DEFIANCE Act of 2024''' at durbin.senate.gov] explains that it would create ''a federal civil remedy for victims who are identifiable in a “digital forgery"''.

'''Reporting and commentary on DEFIANCE Act of 2024 bill'''
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/jan/30/taylor-swift-ai-deepfake-nonconsensual-sexual-images-bill '''''Taylor Swift AI images prompt US bill to tackle nonconsensual, sexual deepfakes''''' at theguardian.com]
* [https://www.theverge.com/2024/1/30/24056385/congress-defiance-act-proposed-ban-nonconsensual-ai-porn '''''Lawmakers propose anti-nonconsensual AI porn bill after Taylor Swift controversy''''' at theverge.com]

=== Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===

[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1027/text '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act)''''' at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of US House bill H.R.7123 - Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7123/text?s=1&r=3 '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-of-artificial-intelligence/the-terrifying-ai-scam-that-uses-your-loved-ones-voice</ref>

=== H.R.1941 - Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
This is a reintroduction of the older US House bill H.R. 3106 - Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3106/text '''''Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act''''' at congress.gov] was introduced in the House on 2023-05-05. It was [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/9631 a reintroduction of H.R. 9631 from the 117th Congress].

== State bills ==
=== NY Senate bill S6278 in the 2025-2026 regular session ===
This bill was reintroduced as [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S6278 S6278] to the 2025-2026 session.

[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S5583 '''NY Senate bill S5583 in the 2023-2024 regular session''' at nysenate.gov] would establish ''the crime of aggravated harassment by means of electronic or digital communication and provides for a private right of action for the unlawful dissemination or publication of deep fakes''.

== Past bills in the USA ==

=== US House bill H.R.6943 - No AI FRAUD Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6943/text '''No Artificial Intelligence Fake Replicas And Unauthorized Duplications Act of 2024''' or the ('''No AI FRAUD Act''') at congress.gov] was introduced to the 118th Congress 2nd session on 2024-01-24.<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>

=== US House bill H.R.5586 - Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023 (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5586/text “Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023” or the “DEEPFAKES Accountability Act” at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of earlier House bill H.R.3230 to the 118th Congress (2023-2024 session)

=== US Senate bill S1641 - Preventing Rampant Online Technological Exploitation and Criminal Trafficking Act of 2022 - (117th Congress) ===
The bill known as [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/4991/text?r=4&s=1 Senate bill '''S.4991''' - ''''''PROTECT Act'''''' at congress.gov] was read by Senator [[w:Mike Lee]] on Wednesday 2022-09-28 twice.

=== New York Senate bill - Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material - in regular session 2021-2022 ===
[[File:Flag of New York (1909–2020).png|thumb|right|200px|[[w:New York State Legislature]] regular session 2021-2022 is contemplating the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York senate bill '''S1641'''] and identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 assembly bill '''A6517'''] to ban sending unsolicited pornography.]]

Bill '''''Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material'''''' is essentially a bill that aims to ban sending unsolicited nudes.

In the 2021-2022 [[w:New York State Senate]] regular sessions, on 2021-01-14 Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored and Senators [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) and [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] of the New York State Senate co-sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law]. On 2021-03-19 an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] was introduced to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] by Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]).<ref group="1st seen in">

First seen in the [https://trackbill.com/search/#/related=%7B%22id%22:%221690501%22,%22state%22:%22CA%22,%22session%22:%222019%22,%22billId%22:%22AB602%22%7D&direction=desc&page=1&resultsPerPage=25&sort=relevancy&tracked&upcoming_hearings&type=bills&state=all&session suggestions for similar bills for Bills similar to CA AB602 by trackbill.com].

</ref>

If this bill passes it will be codified in the [[w:Consolidated Laws of New York]]. View the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York''' at nysenate.gov].

* '''Title of bill''': ''An act to amend the penal law, in relation to the creation of the criminal offense of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''

* '''Purpose''': ''The purpose of this bill is to make it unlawful to send sexually explicit material through electronic means unless the material is sent at the request of, or with the express consent of the recipient.''

* '''Summary of provisions''': Adds a '''new section 250.70''' to the penal law making it ''unlawful to knowingly transmit by electronic means visual material that depicts any person engaging in sexual conduct or with a person's intimate parts exposed unless the material is sent at the request of, or with the express consent of the recipient.

* '''Justification''': ''Currently under New York State law, indecent exposure in person is a crime, but it is not unlawful to send sexually explicit photos to nonconsenting adult recipients through electronic transmission. With the growing modem age of online dating, many individuals are receiving sexually explicit visual content without their consent from strangers. No person should be forced to view sexually explicit material without their consent.''

''The bill offers a clear deterrent to those considering sending unsolicited sexual pics and similar inappropriate conduct, and protects the
unwilling recipients who currently have no legal recourse for such abuses.

''What is illegal in the real world must be illegal in the digital world, and this legislation is a first step in the right direction in adding that accountability.''

* '''Legislative history''':
*# Senate - 2020 - S5949 Referred to Codes
*# Assembly - 2020 - A7801 Referred to Codes

* '''Fiscal implications''': ''Minimal''

* '''Effective date''': ''This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law.''

The text of the bill is, as of 2021-03-24, as follows:

:"Section 1. The penal law is amended by adding a new section 250.70 to read as follows:

:'''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL'''''.

:A person is guilty of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material if a person knowingly transmits by electronic means visual material that depicts any person engaging in sexual conduct or with a person's intimate parts exposed or depicts the covered genitals of a male person that are in a discernibly turgid state and such visual material is not sent at the request of or with the express consent of the recipient. For purposes of this section the term "intimate parts" means the naked genitals, pubic area, anus, or female postpubescent nipple of the person and the term "sexual conduct" shall have the same meaning as defined in [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/130.00 section 130.00 (Sex offenses; definitions of terms)] of this chapter. Unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material is a class a misdemeanor.

:'''§ 2'''. This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law."

----
<gallery>
File:Nopic.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law].
File:LIRR Elmont, Brian Benjamin (cropped).jpg|thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Todd_Kaminsky_Head_Shot.jpg||thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Aileen_Gunther.jpg|thumb|260px|NY Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]) presented an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] on 2021-03-19.
* [[w:New York State Legislature]]
</gallery>

=== US Senate bill - Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - 2019-2020 US Senate session (116th Congress) ===
The Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act (SISE) was a bill introduced to the 2019-2020 session of the US Senate.
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/5054?r=1&s=1 US Senate Bill ''''''S.5054''' - '''Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''''' at congress.gov]

=== US House bill - H.R.3230 - DEEP FAKES Accountability Act (116th Congress) ===

* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230/text '''H.R.3230''' - '''''DEEP FAKES Accountability Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> also known as ''Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2019'' and it aimed to include requirements for producers of synthetic human-like fakes '' to generally comply with certain [[w:Digital watermarking|w:digital watermark]] and disclosure requirements''.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230</ref>

=== US Senate bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress) ===
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/3805/text '''S.3805''' - '''''Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry">
Chatting with ChatGPT 2023

* First I asked ChatGPT to "''list some legislative approaches against so-called "deep fakes" or "deepfakes"''" and it mentioned the Singaporean [[#Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]] and the [[#Bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress)]]

</ref> aimed at criminalizing synthesizing human-likeness media for intent of breaking federal, state, local or tribal law

----

----

= Law proposals =
== Law proposals against synthetic filth by [[User:Juho Kunsola|Juho Kunsola]] ==

* '''Audience''': Developed with suitability for national, supranational and UN treaty levels.
* '''Writing context''':
** Written from context of inclusion to '''criminal codes'''.
** I'm a Finn so this has been worded to fit in the [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1889/18890039001#L24 Chapter 24 of the Criminal Code of Finland (in Finnish at finlex.fi)] titled "''Offences against privacy, public peace and personal reputation''"
** [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039 Access the English translations of the Finnish Criminal Code at finlex.fi] or [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039_20150766.pdf go straight to the latest .pdf from 2016]. Chapter 24 starts on page 107.
* '''History''': This version is an evolution of a Finnish language original written in 2016.

[[File:Suomen lippu valokuva.png|right|thumb|260px|[[w:Finland]] has very logical and very [https://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/ accessible laws], but also here we need updating of the laws for this age of industrial disinformation.]]

Existing law in <big>Chapter 24. of the Finnish Criminal Code - "''Offences against privacy, public peace and personal reputation''"</big> seems to be ineffective against many [[synthetic human-like fakes|synthetic human-like fake attack]] and seems it could be used to frame victims for crimes with [[synthetic human-like fakes#Digital sound-alikes|digital sound-alikes]].

The portions affected by or affecting the synthetic filth situation in bold font:

* Section 1 - Invasion of domestic premises (879/2013)
* Section 1(a) - '''Harassing communications''' (879/2013)
* Section 2 - Aggravated invasion of domestic premises (531/2000)
* Section 3 - Invasion of public premises (585/2005)
* Section 4 - Aggravated invasion of public premises (531/2000)
* Section 5 - '''Eavesdropping''' (531/2000)
* Section 6 - '''Illicit observation''' (531/2000)
* Section 7 - '''Preparation of eavesdropping or illicit observation''' (531/2000)
* Section 8 - '''Dissemination of information violating personal privacy''' (879/2013)
* Section 8(a) - '''Aggravated dissemination of information violating personal privacy''' (879/2013)
* Section 9 - '''Defamation''' (879/2013)
* Section 10 - '''Aggravated defamation''' (879/2013)
* Section 11 - Definition (531/2000)
* Section 12 - '''Right to bring charges''' (879/2013)
* Section 13 - '''Corporate criminal liability''' (511/2011)

[[File:The-diffuse-reflection-deducted-from-the-specular-reflection-Debevec-2000.png|thumb|right|260px|Subtraction of the diffuse reflection from the specular reflection. Image is scaled for luminocity. Diffuse reflection is acquired by placing polarizers in 90 degree angle and specular with 0 degree angle.
<br /><br />
[[:File:Deb-2000-reflectance-separation.png|Original picture]] by [[w:Paul Debevec|Debevec]] et al. - Copyright ACM 2000 https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=311779.344855]]

=== Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth ===

==== §1 Models of human appearance ====

A '''model of human appearance''' means
::* A realistic '''3D model'''
::* A '''[[Glossary#Bidirectional reflectance distribution function|7D bidirectional reflectance distribution function]] model'''
::* A '''direct-to-2D''' capable [[w:machine learning]] model
::* Or a model made with any technology whatsoever, that looks deceivingly like the target person.

==== §2 Producing synthetic pornography ====
Making '''projections''', still or videographic, where targets are portrayed in a '''nude''' or in a '''sexual situation''' from models of human appearance defined in §1 '''without express consent''' of the targets is '''illegal'''.

==== §3 Distributing synthetic pornography ====
'''Distributing''', '''making available''', '''public display''', '''purchase''', '''sale''', '''yielding''', '''import''' and '''export''' of non-authorized '''synthetic pornography''' defined in §2 are '''punishable'''.<ref group="footnote">People who are found in possession of this synthetic pornography should probably not be penalized, but rather advised to get some help.</ref>

==== §4 Aggravated producing and distributing synthetic pornography ====
If the media described in §2 or §3 is made or distributed with the '''intent''' to '''frame for a crime''' or for '''blackmail''', the crime should be judged as '''aggravated'''.

==== Afterwords ====
The original idea I had was to ban both the raw materials i.e. the models to make the visual synthetic filth and also the end product weaponized synthetic pornography, but then in July 2019 it appeared to me that [[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]] could really help in this age of industrial disinformation if it were built, trained and operational. Banning modeling of human appearance was in conflict with the revised plan.

It is safe to assume that collecting permissions to model each pornographic recording is not plausible, so an interesting question is that can we ban covert modeling from non-pornographic pictures, while still retaining the ability to model all porn found on the Internet.

In case we want to pursue banning modeling people's appearance from non-pornographic images/videos without explicit permission be pursued it must be <font color="green">formulated</font> so that this <font color="red">'''does not make'''</font> <big>'''[[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]]'''</big> <font color="red">illegal</font> / <font color="red">impossible</font>. This would seem to lead to a weird situation where modeling a human from non-pornographic media would be illegal, but modeling from pornography legal.

=== Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice ===
{{#ev:youtube|0sR1rU3gLzQ|360px|right|[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sR1rU3gLzQ Video 'This AI Clones Your Voice After Listening for 5 Seconds' by '2 minute papers' at YouTube] describes the voice thieving machine by Google Research in [[w:NeurIPS|w:NeurIPS]] 2018.}}

'''Motivation''': The current situation where the criminals can freely trade and grow their libraries of stolen voices is unwise.

==== §1 Unauthorized modeling of a human voice ====
'''Acquiring''' such a '''model of a human's voice''', that '''deceptively resembles''' some '''dead''' or '''living''' person's voice and the '''possession''', '''purchase''', '''sale''', '''yielding''', '''import''' and '''export''' '''without''' the '''express consent''' of the target are '''punishable'''.

==== §2 Application of unauthorized voice models ====
'''Producing''' and '''making available''' media from covert voice models defined in §1 is '''punishable'''.

==== §3 Aggravated application of unauthorized voice models ====
If the produced media is for a '''purpose''' to
::* '''frame''' a '''human''' target or targets for '''crimes'''
::* to attempt '''extortion''' or
::* to '''defame the target''',
the crime should be judged as '''aggravated'''.

----

= Resources and reporting on law =

== AI and law in general ==

[[File:LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg|thumb|right|340px|[[w:Library of Congress]] ([https://loc.gov/ loc.gov]) reading room]]

''' Reviews and regulation '''
From the '''[[w:Library of Congress]]''':

* [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/index.php ''''''Regulation of Artificial Intelligence'''''' at loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/compsum.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Comparative Summary' at loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/international.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: International and Regional Approaches' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/americas.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: The Americas and the Caribbean' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/asia-pacific.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: East/South Asia and the Pacific' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/europe-asia.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Europe and Central Asia' loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/middleeast-northafrica.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Middle East and North Africa' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/africa.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Sub-Saharan Africa' (loc.gov)]

'''[[w:Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher|w:Gibson Dunn & Crutcher]]''' (gibsondunn.com) publishes a quarterly legal update on 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems'. Gibson Dunn & Crutcher is a global [[w:law firm|w:law firm]], founded in Los Angeles in 1890.
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-4q18/ ''''''Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update'''''' Quarter 4 2018 at Gibson & Dunn]
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-1q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 1 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-2q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 2 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-3q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 3 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-automated-systems-legal-update-4q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 4 2019']

''' From Europe'''
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|180px|The [[w:European Union]]'s [[w:European Parliament|Parliament]]'s [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] on [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives].]]
* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf ''''''The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives'''''' (.pdf) at europarl.europa.eu], a March 2020 study by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] Starting from page 37 the .pdf lists organizations in the field.

== Synthetic filth in the law and media ==
* [https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4409&context=vlr ''''''"The New Weapon of Choice": Law's Current Inability to Properly Address Deepfake Pornography'''''' at scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu], October 2020 Notes by Anne Pechenik Gieseke published in the The [[w:Vanderbilt Law Review]], the flagship [[w:academic journal]] of [[w:Vanderbilt University Law School]].
* [https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/07/08/deepfakes-and-synthetic-media-in-financial-system-assessing-threat-scenarios-pub-82237 ''''''Deepfakes and Synthetic Media in the Financial System: Assessing Threat Scenarios'''''' at carnegieendowment.org], a 2020-07-08 assessment identifies some types of criminalities that can be made using [[synthetic human-like fakes]].
* [https://ssri.duke.edu/news/don%E2%80%99t-believe-your-eyes-or-ears-weaponization-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-and ''''''Don’t Believe Your Eyes (or Ears): The Weaponization of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deepfakes'''''' at ssri.duke.edu], an October 2019 news article by Joe Littell, published by the Social Science Research Institute at the [[w:Duke University]]
* [https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/dltr/vol17/iss1/4/ ''''''Deepfakes: False Pornography Is Here and the Law Cannot Protect You'''''' at scholarship.law.duke.edu], published in 2019 in the [[w:Duke Law Journal|Duke Law Journal]], a student-run law review.
* [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-20/deepfake-porn-political-ads-push-states-to-curb-rampant-ai-use '''''States Are Rushing to Regulate Deepfakes as AI Goes Mainstream''''' at bloomberg.com] (paywalled), June 2023 reporting on US legislation against synthetic human-like fakes. It lists CA, WA, WY, MN, TX, GA and VA as having anti-deepfake laws and lists LA, IL, MA and NJ as planning to legislate.

== The countries that have unfortunately banned full face veil ==

{{Q|There are currently 16 nations that have banned the burqa (not to be confused with the hijab), including [[w:Tunisia]],<ref name="reuters.com">

{{cite news
|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-tunisia-niqab-security-idUKKCN1U01CH
|title= Tunisian PM bans wearing of niqab in public institutions
|date=5 July 2019
|access-date=2021-03-13
|newspaper= Reuters
}}

</ref> [[w:Austria]], [[w:Denmark]], [[w:France]], [[w:Belgium]], [[w:Tajikistan]], [[w:Latvia]],<ref name="independent.co.uk">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/islamic-muslim-face-veil-niqab-burqa-banned-latvia-despite-being-worn-by-just-three-women-entire-a6993991.html
|title=A European government has banned Islamic face veils despite them being worn by just three women
|date=21 April 2016
|access-date=2021-03-13
}}

</ref> [[w:Bulgaria]],<ref>

[https://www.smh.com.au/world/bulgaria-the-latest-european-country-to-ban-the-burqa-and-niqab-in-public-places-20160930-grss9q.html Bulgaria the latest European country to ban the burqa and [niqab in public places], Smh.com.au: accessed 5 December 2016.

</ref> [[w:Cameroon]], [[w:Chad]], [[w:Congo-Brazzaville]], [[w:Gabon]], [[w:Netherlands]],<ref>
{{cite news
|last1=Halasz
|first1=Stephanie
|last2=McKenzie
|first2=Sheena
|title=The Netherlands introduces burqa ban in some public spaces
|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/27/europe/netherlands-partial-burqa-ban-intl/index.html
|access-date=2021-03-13
|agency=CNN
|issue=27 June 2018
|publisher=CNN
|date=27 June 2018
}}

</ref> [[w:China]],<ref>
{{cite news
|last1=Phillips
|first1=Tom
|title=China bans burqa in capital of Muslim region of Xinjiang
|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/11342070/China-bans-burqa-in-capital-of-Muslim-region-of-Xinjiang.html
|access-date=2021-03-13
|agency=The Telegraph
|issue=13 January 2015
|newspaper=The Telegraph
|date=13 January 2015
}}

</ref> [[w:Morocco]], and [[w:Switzerland]].|Wikipedia|[[w:Hijab by country]] as of 2021-03-13}}

Taking into consideration these times of industrial disinformation, it is vicious and uncivilized to have laws banning wearing a the full face veil in public.

== Quotes on the current laws and their application ==
{{#lst:Quotes|FinalLineOfDefenseForTheTimeBeing}}

----

= Footnotes =
<references group="footnote" />

= 1st seen in =
<references group="1st seen in" />

= References =
<references />

[[Category:In English]]
[[Category:Law]]
[[Category:Antifake]]

Laws against synthesis and other related crimes

2025-08-22T12:42:36Z

Juho Kunsola: /* Denmark */ + ''''''Your face, your rights': Denmark’s tough new Deepfake law could change how AI imitations are handled across Europe''''' at indiatimes.com] reporting putting the new move in bigger context, by Nancy Jaiswal 2025-07-10

[[File:No-synthetic-F.png|thumb|right|260px|link=Main Page|This article is an attempt to track legislation against '''[[synthetic human-like fakes]]''' world-wide.]]
[[File:Screenshot at 27s of a moving digital-look-alike made to appear Obama-like by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed 2018.png|thumb|right|480px|link=Mediatheque/2018/Obama's appearance thieved - a public service announcement digital look-alike by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Obama-like-fake-2018}}]]
[[File:Appearance of Richard Nixon stolen by the Center for Advanced Virtuality of MIT for their awareness raising project In The Event of Moon Disaster 2020 screenshot at 376s.png|thumb|rightr|480px|link=Mediatheque/2020/Nixon's appearance and voice stolen - a public service announcement digital look-alike and sound-alike by MIT's Center for Advanced Virtuality|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Nixon-like-fake-2020}}]]
[[File:Justice scale silhouette, medium.svg|thumb|right|200px|Do you know of a law or jurisdiction that this list does not include? Add it! Or let us know through the chat in the lower-righthand side!]]

This article contains some current laws against abusive uses of synthetic human-like fakes and also information what kind of laws are being prepared and two SSFWIKI original law proposals, [[#Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth|one against digital look-alikes]] and [[#Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice|one against digital sound-alikes]].

'''Information elsewhere / legal information compilations''' (recommended)
<section begin=anti-fake-law-compilations/>
* <section begin=ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker/>[https://legislation.ballotpedia.org/ai-deepfakes/home '''''AI deepfake legislation tracker''''' at legislation.ballotpedia.org] by Ballotpedia.org for tracking US legislation.<section end=ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker/>
* {{#lst:Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|cybercivilrights.org law compilations}}
* <section begin=responsible.ai 2023/>[https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches '''''A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches''''' at responsible.ai]<ref name="responsible.ai 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches
| title = A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches
| last = Lawson
| first = Amanda
| date = 2023-04-24
| website = responsible.ai
| publisher = Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> April 2023 compilation and reporting by Amanda Lawson of the Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute.<section end=responsible.ai 2023/>
* <section begin=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>[https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/ '''''The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology''''' at legaljournal.princeton.edu]<ref name="Princeton Legal Journal 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/
| title = The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology
| last = Quirk
| first = Caroline
| date = 2023-06-19
| website = legaljournal.princeton.edu
| publisher = Princeton Legal Journal
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}

</ref> compilation and reporting by Caroline Quirk. PLJ is Princeton’s only student-run law review.<section end=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>
* <section begin=tech policy press 2023/>[https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/ '''''Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography''''' at techpolicy.press]<ref name="tech policy press 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/
| title = Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography
| last = Williams
| first = Kaylee
| date = 2023-05-15
| website = techpolicy.press
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> May 2023 compilation and reporting by Kaylee Williams<section end=tech policy press 2023/>

* <section begin=Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA/>[https://foundationra.com/deepfake-ai-laws/ '''''Deepfake AI laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com], [https://foundationra.com/sextortion-laws/ '''''Sextortion laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com] and [https://foundationra.com/revenge-porn-laws-us/ '''''Revenge porn laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com] compilations by [https://foundationra.com/ Foundation RA]<section end=Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA/>
* <section begin=Onfido 2024/>[https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/ '''''Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?''''' at onfido.com]<ref name="Onfido 2024">
{{cite web
| url = https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/
| title = Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?
| last = Owen
| first = Aled
| date = 2024-02-02
| website = onfido.com
| publisher = Onfido
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> February 2024 summary and compilation by Aled Owen, Director of Global Policy at Onfido (for-profit)<section end=Onfido 2024/>

* <section begin=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>[https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html '''''Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?''''' at criminaldefenselawyer.com] <ref name="criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html
| title = Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?
| last = Pirius
| first = Rebecca
| date = 2024-02-07
| website = Criminaldefenselawyer.com
| publisher = [[w:Nolo (publisher)]]
| access-date = 2024-02-22
| quote =
}}

</ref> by Rebecca Pirius is a good bring-together of the current illegality/legality situation in the USA federally and state-wise. Published by [[w:Nolo (publisher)]], updated Feb 2024<section end=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>

* <section begin=tclf 2023/>[https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/ '''''Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace''''' at tclf.in]<ref name="tclf 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/
| title = Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace
| last = Rastogi
| first = Janvhi
| date = 2023-10-16
| website = tclf.in
| publisher = The Contemporary Law Forum
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> October 2023 compilation and reporting by Janvhi Rastogi, published in the The Contemporary Law Forum.<section end=tclf 2023/>

* <section begin=endcyberabuse.org/>[https://endcyberabuse.org/country-factsheets/ '''''The Law on Image-Based Sexual Abuse Worldwide''''' at endcyberabuse.org] contains information for Bangladesh, Canada, England and Wales, France, Germany, India, Japan, Pakistan, Philippines and the USA.<section end=endcyberabuse.org/>
<section end=anti-fake-law-compilations/>

'''New laws'''
* [[#UK|UK]]'s [[#Online Safety Act 2023|Online Safety Act 2023]] has been passed to law and reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.
* The [[#EU|European Union]] has finalized a law package to regulate AI called the [[#Artificial Intelligence Act|Artificial Intelligence Act]]

'''New bills are currently in the works in'''
* Current [[#Bills in the EU|bills in the EU]] of high importance are the almost finalized [[#Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence|Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence]] and the [[#Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse|Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]
* [[#Current bills in the USA|US Senate is considering an anti-fake bill and the House is considering several bills]]
* [[#Canada|Canada]] is considering C-27
* [[#China|China]] seems to be planning to ban all synthetic pornography, however consensual its making was

'''Bills that didn't make it'''
* [[#Canada|Canada's House of Commons]] was considering banning all pornographic content, for which there is no proof-of-age and written consent from everybody visible in the pornographic recording.
* [[#Past bills in the USA|Past bills in the USA]]

= International =
The '''[[w:Convention on Cybercrime]]''', also known as the '''Budapest Convention on Cybercrime''' or the '''Budapest Convention''', is the first international [[w:treaty]] seeking to address [[w:Internet]] and [[w:computer crime]] (cybercrime) harmonizing [[w:municipal law|national laws]], improving investigative techniques, and increasing cooperation among nations.<ref>[https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=185 Convention on Cybercrime, Budapest, 23 November 2001.]</ref> (Wikipedia) The. convention was signed on 2001-11-23

'''[[w:Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime]]''', concerning the criminalisation of acts of a racist and xenophobic nature committed through computer systems is an additional protocol to the [[w:Council of Europe]] Convention on Cybercrime.

= Australia =

[[File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|thumb|right|200px|Australia]]

== Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Act 2024 ==
'''The Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024'''<ref group="1st seen in">ChatGPT Deep research on augmenting this list of laws</ref> criminalized the creation, distribution, and even possession of explicit synthetic human-like fakes without consent.<ref name="GLI2024">https://www.globallegalinsights.com/news/australia-introduces-legislation-to-combat-deepfake-sexual-material/</ref>

Those who create a sexual deepfake of someone without consent face up to 10 years in prison. Those who share or distribute such material (even if they didn’t create it) can get up to 7 years, and merely possessing deepfake porn can lead to 5 years behind bars. Penalties escalate for aggravated cases – if the deepfake is used to harass or blackmail or if the victim is a minor, sentences can reach 15 years.<ref name="GLI2024"/>

'''Official'''
* [https://ministers.ag.gov.au/media-centre/new-criminal-laws-combat-sexually-explicit-deepfakes-21-08-2024 '''''New criminal laws to combat sexually explicit deepfakes''''' at ministers.ag.gov.au]
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/bd/bd2324a/24bd081 '''''Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024 digest''' at aph.gov.au] by Owen Griffiths.
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_LEGislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r7205 '''''Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024''''' progression summary at aph.gov.au]

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.globallegalinsights.com/news/australia-introduces-legislation-to-combat-deepfake-sexual-material/ '''''Australia introduces legislation to combat deepfake sexual material''''' at globallegalinsights.com]

== Online Safety Act 2021 ==

The [https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2021A00076/latest/text '''Online Safety Act 2021''' at legislation.gov.au]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing paper">https://equalitynow.org/resource/briefing-paper-deepfake-image-based-sexual-abuse-tech-facilitated-sexual-exploitation-and-the-law/</ref> regulates the non-consensual sharing or threatening to share sexual images.

If the synthetic fake human-like images depict illegal and restricted online content, then the Online Content Scheme, as defined in the Online Safety Act 2021, may apply.<ref name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing">https://equalitynow.org/resource/briefing-paper-deepfake-image-based-sexual-abuse-tech-facilitated-sexual-exploitation-and-the-law/</ref>

[https://www.esafety.gov.au/ '''Office of the eSafety Commissioner''' at esafety.gov.au] is Australia's independent regulator for online safety.

'''Links'''
* [https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/whats-on/online-safety-act '''''Learn about the Online Safety Act''''' at esafety.gov.au]
* [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-technology-communications/internet/online-safety/current-legislation '''''Key elements of the Online Safety Act 2021''''' at infrastructure.gov.au]
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_LEGislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r6680 '''Online Safety Bill 2021''' at aph.gov.au]
* [https://foundationra.com/australia/ '''Revenge porn laws in Australia''' at foundationra.com]

= Canada =
[[File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg|thumb|right|200px|House of Commons of Canada was contemplating banning distribution of all pornography for which there are no consent declarations and proof-of-age for the people depicted.]]

The existing Canadian law ban the distribution of non-consensual disclosure of intimate images.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

== Active bills in Canada ==
=== Digital Charter Implementation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-27 ===
[https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/c-27 '''''Digital Charter Implementation Act''''' at parl.ca] or ''An Act to enact the Consumer Privacy Protection Act, the Personal Information and Data Protection Tribunal Act and the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act and to make consequential and related amendments to other Acts''

== Past bills in Canada ==
=== Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-270 ===

* [https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading House of Commons of Canada bill '''C-270''' ''''''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'''''' at parl.ca], an act to amend the [[w:Criminal Code (Canada)|Criminal Code]] regarding pornography was first read to the Commons by [[w:Arnold Viersen]] on Thursday 2022-04-28 at 10:15.

According to [https://www.townandcountrytoday.com/local-news/mp-submits-private-members-bill-for-second-time-5346232 townandcountrytoday.com] the author of the bill introduced an identical bill '''C-302''' on Thursday 2021-05-27, but that got killed off by oncoming federal elections

'''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''' - '''An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)''' is a private member's bill by Arnold Viersen ([https://www.arnoldviersen.ca/ Official Site at arnoldviersen.ca])

'''Summary of the C-270 from parl.ca'''
<blockquote>
"''This enactment amends the Criminal Code to prohibit a person from making, distributing or advertising pornographic material for commercial purposes without having first ascertained that, at the time the material was made, '''each person''' whose image is '''depicted''' in the material was '''18 years of age''' or older and '''gave their express consent''' to their image being depicted.''"</blockquote><ref name="Canada C-270">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading
|title= Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)
|last=Viersen
|first=Arnold
|date=2022-04-28
|website=parl.ca
|publisher=[[w:House of Commons of Canada]]
|access-date=2022-10-06
|quote=}}

</ref>

'''Sommaire en français / Summary in French'''
<blockquote>
''Le texte modifie le Code criminel afin d’interdire à toute personne de produire ou de distribuer du matériel pornographique à des fins commerciales, ou d’en faire la publicité, sans s’être au préalable assurée qu’au moment de la production du matériel, '''chaque personne''' dont l’image y est représentée '''était âgée de dix-huit ans''' ou plus et '''avait donné son consentement exprès''' à ce que son image y soit représentée''.</blockquote><ref>Bilingual version of C-270 https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf</ref>

'''Links'''

* [https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' in English et en français at publications.gc.ca]
* [https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/C-270 Parliament of Canada LEGISinfo: C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at parl.ca] in English
* [https://openparliament.ca/bills/44-1/C-270/ C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at openparliament.ca] includes motivation of Mr. Arnold Viersen and the co-sponsor of the bill Mr. Garnett Genuis.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.conservative.ca/mp-viersen-reintroduces-the-stopping-internet-sexual-exploitation-sise-act/ ''MP Viersen reintroduces the Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation (SISE) Act'' at conservative.ca]

----

= China =
This information should be updated.
[[File:Flag of China.png|thumb|right|200px|China passed a law requiring faked footage to be labeled as such, effective 2020-01-01]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in China ==

=== Mandatory labeling of fake media in China since 2020 ===
<section begin=China2020 />On Wednesday January 1 2020 Chinese law requiring that synthetically faked footage should bear a clear notice about its fakeness came into effect. Failure to comply could be considered a [[w:crime]] the [[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]] ([http://www.cac.gov.cn/ cac.gov.cn]) stated on its website. China announced this new law in November 2019.<ref name="Reuters2019">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-technology/china-seeks-to-root-out-fake-news-and-deepfakes-with-new-online-content-rules-idUSKBN1Y30VU
| title = China seeks to root out fake news and deepfakes with new online content rules
| last =
| first =
| date = 2019-11-29
| website = [[w:Reuters.com]]
| publisher = [[w:Reuters]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref> The Chinese government seems to be reserving the right to prosecute both users and [[w:online video platform]]s failing to abide by the rules. <ref name="TheVerge2019">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/29/20988363/china-deepfakes-ban-internet-rules-fake-news-disclosure-virtual-reality
| title = China makes it a criminal offense to publish deepfakes or fake news without disclosure
| last = Statt
| first = Nick
| date = 2019-11-29
| website =
| publisher = [[w:The Verge]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref>
<section end=China2020 />

=== Deep Synthesis Provisions 2023 ===
On Tuesday 2023-01-10 the Deep Synthesis Provisions came into effect. It was originally drafted in 2022 by the '''[[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]]''' as [https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/deep-synthesis-draft/ '''''Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis Internet Information Services''''' (Draft for solicitation of comments) at chinalawtranslate.com] or [http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-01/28/c_1644970458520968.htm view the Chinese language draft '''''国家互联网信息办公室关于《互联网信息服务深度合成管理规定（征求意见稿）》公开征求意见的通知''''' at cac.gov.cn]<ref group="1st seen in">'''Politico AI: Decoded''' mailing list Wednesday 2022-02-02</ref>.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://thediplomat.com/2023/03/chinas-new-legislation-on-deepfakes-should-the-rest-of-asia-follow-suit/ '''''China’s New Legislation on Deepfakes: Should the Rest of Asia Follow Suit?''''' at thediplomat.com] March 2023 reporting
----
= Denmark =
[[File:Animated flag GIFGIFs Denmark.gif|thumb|right|300px|Denmark is considering a novel approach against synthetic filth, by planning to give Danes copyright over their own appearance and voice, a shift from previous legislative approaches against [[synthetic human-like fakes]].]]
Denmark is currently considering changing its laws so that each Dane would have copyright over their own appearance and voice. The Danish approach is novel because it creates a [[w:Right to property|w:property right]] in one’s biometric identity, treating voice/appearance like [[w:intellectual property]], whereas the previous legislative steps elsewhere have been harms-based.

The legislative proposal comes from the Department of Culture of Denmark and is said to have massive support among MPs.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/> The planned changes to Danish copyright law will, once approved, theoretically give people in Denmark the right to demand that online platforms remove content that is in violation of a Danish human's copyright.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/> Parodies and satire get an exception and would still be permitted.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/>

{{Q|“I am extremely proud that we are now sending an unequivocal signal to all citizens that they have the right to their own body, their own voice, and their own facial features.
In a time when technology has outpaced legislation, I am pleased that so many parties in Parliament are joining to protect artists and everyday people from the digital identity theft that can now be done with just a few clicks.
We must not accept that human beings can simply go through the digital copy machine and be misused for all sorts of purposes.
Technology is developing rapidly, and in the future it will be even harder to distinguish reality from fiction in the digital world.
Therefore, it is high time that we build a safeguard against the spread of misinformation while also sending a clear signal to the tech giants.”|Jakob Engel-Schmidt, Culture Minister of Denmark (translated)<ref>https://kum.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/bred-aftale-om-deepfakes-giver-alle-ret-til-egen-krop-og-egen-stemme translation by ChatGPT</ref>|the Danish law initiative to give humans copyright to their own voice and appearance}}

'''Official'''
* [https://kum.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/bred-aftale-om-deepfakes-giver-alle-ret-til-egen-krop-og-egen-stemme '''''Bred aftale om deepfakes giver alle ret til egen krop og egen stemme''''' at kum.dk] press release of the Ministry of Culture on the new planned biometrics copyright protection bill Thursday 2025-06-26

'''Reporting'''

* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jun/27/deepfakes-denmark-copyright-law-artificial-intelligence '''''Denmark to tackle deepfakes by giving people copyright to their own features''''' at theguardian.com] by Miranda Bryant 2025-06-27<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025">
{{cite web
|last = Bryant
|first = Miranda
|date = 2025-06-27
|title = Denmark to tackle deepfakes by giving people copyright to their own features
|url = https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jun/27/deepfakes-denmark-copyright-law-artificial-intelligence
|website = theguardian.com
|location = UK
|publisher = The Guardian
|access-date = 2026-08-22
|quote = The Danish culture minister, Jakob Engel-Schmidt, said he hoped the bill before parliament would send an “unequivocal message” that everybody had the right to the way they looked and sounded. He told the Guardian: “In the bill we agree and are sending an unequivocal message that everybody has the right to their own body, their own voice and their own facial features, which is apparently not how the current law is protecting people against generative AI.”
}}
</ref>
* [https://lsj.com.au/articles/denmark-proposes-copyright-laws-to-protect-against-deepfakes/ '''''Denmark proposes copyright laws to protect against deepfakes''''' at lsj.com.au] reporting and analysis by Cat Woods 2025-07-16
* [https://www.indiatimes.com/news/your-face-your-rights-denmarks-tough-new-deepfake-law-could-change-how-ai-imitations-are-handled-across-europe/articleshow/122759842.html ''''''Your face, your rights': Denmark’s tough new Deepfake law could change how AI imitations are handled across Europe''''' at indiatimes.com] reporting putting the new move in bigger context, by Nancy Jaiswal 2025-07-10

----

= EU =
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|200px|The EU must address the malicious uses of AI in the law it is planning to regulate AI.]]
== Laws in the EU ==
=== Artificial Intelligence Act ===

The European Union has a law on AI called '''[[w:Artificial Intelligence Act]]'''. The European Commission proposed the AI Act in 2021. On Wednesday 2024-03-13 the MEPs adopted this law.<ref>

{{cite web
| url = https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law
| title = Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law
| last =
| first =
| date = 2024-03-13
| website = europarl.europa.eu
| publisher = [[w:European Parliament]]
| access-date = 2024-03-22
| quote = The regulation, agreed in negotiations with member states in December 2023, was endorsed by MEPs with 523 votes in favour, 46 against and 49 abstentions.
}}

</ref> The AI Act will have a key role in the effective implementation of upcoming EU [[#Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence|Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence]] and [[#Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse|Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]] that intend to protect us against synthetic pornography.

* European '''Artificial Intelligence Act''' has been approved by the member countries and is on track to be approved by April 2024.<ref>https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-artificial-intelligence-act-ai-technology-risk-rules/</ref> Read [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206 Proposal for a '''''REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL LAYING DOWN HARMONISED RULES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACT) AND AMENDING CERTAIN UNION LEGISLATIVE ACTS''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu]<ref group="1st seen in">https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/the-act/ via https://futureoflife.org/ newsletter</ref> (also contains translations)

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-europe-fit-for-the-digital-age/file-regulation-on-artificial-intelligence '''''Artificial intelligence act''''' in the Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu]

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law '''''Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a press announcement on the adoption of the Artificial Intelligence Act on Wednesday 2024-03-13.

'''Studies and information'''

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/stoa/en/document/EPRS_STU(2021)690039 '''''Tackling deepfakes in European policy''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a 2021 study by the Panel for the Future of Science and Technology and published by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]]. [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/690039/EPRS_STU(2021)690039_EN.pdf View .pdf at europarl.europa.eu]
* [https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/ '''''The EU Artificial Intelligence Act''''' at artificialintelligenceact.eu] is a website promising ''Up-to-date developments and analyses of the EU AI Act'' on the new EU law by the [https://futureoflife.org/ Future of Life Institute], an American non-profit NGO.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euractiv.com/section/artificial-intelligence/opinion/the-ai-act-vs-deepfakes-a-step-forward-but-is-it-enough/ '''''The AI Act vs. deepfakes: A step forward, but is it enough?''''' at euractiv.com], 2024-02-26 opinion piece by Cristina Vanberghen

=== Digital Services Act ===
[https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/digital-services-act-package '''The Digital Services Act''' package at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] [[w:Digital Services Act]] (DSA) came into force in November 2022.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

The Artificial Intelligence Act and Digital Services Act together will help in the enforcement of the upcoming protections to shield us from synthesis crimes.

== Bills in the EU ==
=== Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence ===
The [https://commission.europa.eu/document/28552314-3316-40b4-ae0f-17ff8ab9f43f_en '''''Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at commission.europa.eu] will require, among other things, that member states criminalize non-consensual [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|synthetic digital look-alike]] pornography in their criminal codes.

'''Official'''

* [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52022PC0105 '''''Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu] has the directive text in all languages and various formats

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-new-push-for-european-democracy/file-legislative-proposal-on-gender-based-violence '''''Legislative proposal on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''close to adoption''. (As of March 2024)

* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_649 '''''Commission welcomes political agreement on new rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-02-06 press release by the [[w:European Commission]].

* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_1533 '''''International Women's Day 2022: Commission proposes EU-wide rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-03-08 press release by the EC.

'''Unofficial'''

* [https://hateaid.org/en/eu-protects-women-from-digital-violence/ '''''Deepfakes and dick pics: EU protects women from digital violence''''' at hateaid.org], a 2024-02-07 press release by HateAid.org

* [https://futureoflife.org/ai-policy/disrupting-the-deepfake-pipeline-in-europe/ '''''Disrupting the Deepfake Pipeline in Europe''''' at futureoflife.org], 2024-02-22 article on the approach of ''Leveraging corporate criminal liability under the Violence Against Women Directive to safeguard against pornographic deepfake exploitation'' by Alexandra Tsalidis

=== Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse ===

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-promoting-our-european-way-of-life/file-combating-child-sexual-abuse-online '''''New legislation to fight child sexual abuse online''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''tabled''. (As of March 2024)
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/ '''''Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/timeline-prevention-of-online-child-sexual-abuse/ '''''Timeline - Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]

{{Q|The '''Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse''' ('''Child Sexual Abuse Regulation''', or '''CSAR''') is a [[w:European Union regulation]] proposed by the [[w:European Commissioner for Home Affairs]] [[w:Ylva Johansson]] on 11 May 2022. The stated aim of the legislation is to prevent child sexual abuse online through the implementation of a number of measures, including the establishment of a framework that would make the detection and reporting of child sexual abuse material ([[w:Child pornography|CSAM]]) by digital platforms a legal requirement within the European Union.|Wikipedia as of March 2024|[[w:Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]}}

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/02/06/new-eu-rules-will-criminalise-paedophilia-handbooks-and-deepfakes-of-child-abuse '''''New EU rules will criminalise 'paedophilia handbooks' and deepfakes of child abuse''''' at euronews.com], 2024-02-06 reporting

== Code of practice on Disinformation 2022 ==
The [https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation '''2022 Code of Practice on Disinformation''' at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] - ''Major online platforms, emerging and specialised platforms, players in the advertising industry, fact-checkers, research and civil society organisations delivered a strengthened Code of Practice on Disinformation following the Commission’s Guidance of May 2021''.<ref>https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation</ref>

= Finland =
[[File:Flag of Finland.svg|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|200px|Finland finally updated its laws in 2023 against synthetic filth attacks against adults.]]
[[File:Suomen lippu valokuva.png|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|255px|Finland strongly criminalized synthetic sexual pictures depicting children in 2011, upon the initiative of the [[w:Vanhanen II Cabinet]]]]
== Laws in Finland ==

[[File:Flag_of_Finland.svg|link=Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023|25px]] Suomeksi / in Finnish [[Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023]]

=== Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|what-is-it}}

=== Finland criminalized synthetic CSAM in 2011 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|history}}

----
= France =
[https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F32103 '''''Droit à l'image et respect de la vie privée''''' at service-public.fr] or in English [https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F32103?lang=en '''''Right to the image and respect for privacy''''' at service-public.fr] (automatic translation)

----

= Germany =
[[File:Flag of Germany.svg|thumb|right|200px|Existing German laws provide protection against appearance theft.]]
* [https://mj-cohen.com/2020/01/03/deepfakes-and-german-law/ '''''Deepfakes and German law''''' at mj-cohen.com], January 2020 summary by Maureen Cohen states that the existing German laws are well equipped rendering non-consensual digital look-alikes illegal.

----
= India =
[[File:Flag of India.svg|thumb|right|200px|India]]

'''Laws in India'''

Laws in India can be accessed through the [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/ '''India Code''' at indiacode.nic.in]

'''[[w:Information Technology Act, 2000]]'''
* Section 66. - '''Computer related offences.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=76&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66A. - Omitted. Would have been ''Punishment for sending offensive messages through communication service, etc.''
** Section 66B. - Punishment for dishonestly receiving stolen computer resource or communication device.
** Section 66C. - '''Punishment for identity theft.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=79&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66D. - '''Punishment for cheating by personation by using computer resource.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=80&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66E. - '''Punishment for violation of privacy.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=81#:~:text=Whoever%2C%20intentionally%20or%20knowingly%20captures,two%20lakh%20rupees%2C%20or%20with</ref>
** Section 66F. - Punishment for cyber terrorism.
* Section 67. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting obscene material in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=83&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67A. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material containing sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=84&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67B. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material depicting children in sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=85&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67C. - Preservation and retention of information by intermediaries.

'''[[w:Information Technology Rules, 2021]]'''

'''Past bills in India'''
* [[w:Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019]]
'''Legal compilations on the legal situation against synthetic filth in India'''
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|tclf 2023}}
* [https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916 '''''Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture''''' at livelaw.in]<ref name="Livelaw.in 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916
| title = Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture
| last = Rana
| first = Vikrant
| last2 = Gandhi
| first2 = Anuradha
| last3 = Thakur
| first3 = Rachita
| date = 2023-11-24
| website = livelaw.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-21
| quote =
}}
</ref> 2023-11-24 compilation on laws against synthetic fakes in India, by Vikrant Rana, Anuradha Gandhi and Rachita Thakur
* [https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/ '''''What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?''''' at cybercert.in]<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/
| title = What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website = cybercert.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-03-23
| quote = At present, India does not have any law specifically for deep fake cybercrime, but various other laws can be combined to deal with it.
}}
</ref>
* [https://cybercert.in/indian-cyber-laws/ '''''Cyberlaw in India''''' at cybercert.in] provides a wider look into the Indian Cyber Laws

----
= New Zealand =
[[File:Flag of New Zealand.svg|thumb|right|200px|New Zealand]]

* [https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2015/0063/latest/whole.html ''''Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015'''' at legislation.govt.nz]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing paper"/> criminalises intimate visual recordings and image-based sexual abuse.

* '''[[w:Netsafe]]''' [https://netsafe.org.nz/ netsafe.org.nz] is an online safety non-profit organisation in New Zealand. It provides educational, anti-bullying and support services. The organisation is contracted under the [[w:Harmful Digital Communications Act]] until 2026. (Wikipedia)

* [https://www.cert.govt.nz/ '''CERT.govt.nz'''], the [[w:Computer emergency response team]] of New Zealand - "''Responding to cyber security threats in New Zealand - CERT NZ is your first port of call when you need to report a cyber security problem.''"

* The '''[[w:Department of Internal Affairs]]''' investigates the possession of, and trading in, child exploitation material.<ref>https://www.police.govt.nz/advice-services/cybercrime-and-internet/online-child-safety</ref>

'''Links regarding the Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015'''
* [https://www.police.govt.nz/advice-services/cybercrime-and-internet/harmful-digital-communications-hdc ''''Harmful Digital Communications (HDC)'''' at police.govt.nz] by the [[w:New Zealand Police]]
* [https://www.justice.govt.nz/courts/civil/harmful-digital-communications/ ''''Harmful digital communications'''' at justice.govt.nz] by the [[w:Ministry of Justice (New Zealand)]]
* [https://netsafe.org.nz/what-is-the-hdca/ '''''What is the HDCA?''''' at netsafe.org.nz] by [[w:Netsafe]], the agency approved by the [[w:New Zealand Police]] to process complaints about harmful digital communications.
* See Wikipedia article on '''[[w:Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015]]''' for more info

----

= Singapore =
[[File:Flag of Singapore.svg|thumb|right|200px|Singapore]]
== Law in Singapore ==
=== Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019 ===

[[w:Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> is a [[w:statute]] of the [[w:Parliament of Singapore]] that enables authorities to tackle the spread of [[w:fake news]] or [[w:false information]]. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protection_from_Online_Falsehoods_and_Manipulation_Act_2019&oldid=1134029282 Wikipedia])

----

= South Africa =
[[File:Flag of the Republic of South Africa.svg|thumb|right|200px|[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 South Africa's relatively new Cybercrimes Act (Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020)] has been enacted only partially on Dec 1 2021]]

== Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020 ==
[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 '''South-Africa Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020''' (English / Afrikaans) at gov.za]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref> came only partially into effect on Wednesday 2021-12-01.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref>

* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-16-distribution-of-data-message-of-intimate-image/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 16 - Disclosure of data message of intimate image''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] Subsection 1 states <blockquote>''Any person (‘‘A’’) who unlawfully and intentionally discloses, by means of an electronic communications service, a data message of an intimate image of a person (‘‘B’’), without the consent of B, is guilty of an offence.''
</blockquote>

* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-17-attempting-conspiring-aiding-abetting-inducing-inciting-instigating-instructing-commanding-or-procuring-to-commit-offence/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 17 - Attempting, conspiring, aiding, abetting, inducing, inciting, instigating, instructing, commanding or procuring to commit offence''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] states
<blockquote>
Any person who unlawfully and intentionally
# attempts;
# conspires with any other person; or
# aids, abets, induces, incites, instigates, instructs, commands or procures another person, to commit an offence in terms of Part I or Part II of this Chapter, is guilty of an offence and is liable on conviction to the punishment to which a person convicted of actually committing that offence would be liable.
</blockquote>

'''Links'''
* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/ '''Cybercrimes Act''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] by Accessible Law contains the law in website format

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/ '''''Not all of the cogs in the Cybercrimes Act machine are turning at once — we still remain vulnerable''''' at dailymaverick.co.za]

----
= South Korea =
[[File:Flag of South Korea.svg|thumb|right|200px|South Korea has invested heavily in AI research and has also legislation to counter the menaces of synthetic human-like fakes.]]
== Law in South Korea ==
=== ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES ===
[https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawView.do?hseq=40947&lang=ENG '''ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES''' at elaw.klri.re.kr] is a law in South Korea.<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

----

= UK =
* {{#lst:Glossary|UK-Parliament-glossary}}
* {{#lst:Glossary|Law-Society-glossary}}

== Law against synthesis crimes in the UK ==
[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|thumb|right|200px|The UK has improved its legislation.]]

=== Anti-CSAM measures 2025 ===
On Saturday 2025-02-01 Home Secretary Yvette Cooper announced that the UK will be the 1st country in the world to<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-leading-the-way-protecting-children-from-online-predators</ref>
* "''make it illegal to possess, create or distribute AI tools designed to generate child sexual abuse material (CSAM), punishable by up to 5 years in prison''"
* "''make it illegal for anyone to possess AI ‘paedophile manuals’ which teach people how to use AI to sexually abuse children, punishable by up to 3 years in prison''"

Also a law to
* "''introduce a specific offence for predators who run websites designed for other paedophiles to share vile child sexual abuse content or advice on how to groom children, punishable by up to 10 years in prison''"

Additional powers will be given to the Border Force
* "''give Border Force the necessary powers to keep the UK safe and prevent the distribution of CSAM which is often filmed abroad by allowing officers to compel an individual who they reasonably suspect poses a sexual risk to children to unlock their digital devices for inspection, punishable by up to 3 years in prison, depending on the severity''"

Official
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-leading-the-way-protecting-children-from-online-predators '''''Britain's leading the way protecting children from online predators ''''' at gov.uk] - ''UK becomes the first country in the world to create new AI sexual abuse offences to protect children from predators generating AI images. ''

Reporting
* [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8d90qe4nylo '''''AI-generated child sex abuse images targeted with new laws''''' at bbc.com]
* [https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/02/uk/britain-criminalizes-ai-child-sex-abuse-intl-hnk/index.html '''''UK to target AI child sex abuse tools in world first legal crackdown''''' at edition.cnn.com]
* [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/2/uk-to-become-first-country-to-criminalise-ai-child-abuse-tools '''''UK to become first country to criminalise AI child abuse tools''''' at aljazeera.com]
* [https://www.voanews.com/a/uk-to-become-1st-country-to-criminalize-ai-child-abuse-tools/7959851.html '''''UK to become 1st country to criminalize AI child abuse tools''''' at voanews.com]

=== Creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in the UK 2024 ===
On Tuesday 2024-04-16 the UK announced that '''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK'''.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com]</ref> This is a very good move and next logical step would be the prohibition of non-consensually possessing other people's appearance models and voice models, as suggested in [[#Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola|Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola]]. There is really no logical reason to allow criminal leagues to legally possess and trade their libraries of models without this acquisition through covert modeling or trading and possession of raw materials (covert models) to produce the disinformation weapons being illegal.

Reporting
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''Creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com]

=== Online Safety Act 2023 ===
[[w:Online Safety Act 2023]] [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2023/50/enacted '''Online Safety Act 2023''' at legislation.gov.uk] received Royal Assent on 2023-10-26<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular</ref> and it reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.

* '''Part 4''' - '''CSEA reporting''' of the Act on CSEA reporting has not yet come into effect as of February 2024.
** Section 66 requires providers of services regulated under the Act to have systems and processes in place (so far as possible) to ensure that they report all detected and unreported CSEA content present on the service to the NCA (National Crime Agency)
** '''Offence in relation to CSEA reporting''' in Section 69
* '''Part 7''' – '''Enforcement offences'''
* '''Part 10''' - '''Communication offences''' establishes
** '''False communications offence''' in Section 179
** '''Threatening communications offence''' in Section 181
** '''Offences of sending or showing flashing images electronically''' in Section 183
** '''Offence of encouraging or assisting serious self-harm''' in Section 184
** '''Sending etc photograph or film of genitals''' in Section 187
** '''Sharing or threatening to share intimate photograph or film''' in Section 188

The Online Safety Act 2023 came to be from a House of Lords bill UK's [https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3137 '''HL Bill 151''' - '''''Online Safety Bill''''' at bills.parliament.uk] The bill originated from the House of Commons sessions 2021-22 2022-23.

* [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular '''''Online Safety Act: new criminal offences circular''''' at gov.uk] published 2024-01-31 - It is a ''circular is issued to inform the police and other relevant public authorities of certain provisions of the Online Safety Act in particular new criminal offences.''
* [https://www.ofcom.org.uk/news-centre/2023/safer-life-online-for-people-in-uk ''Creating a safer life online for people in the UK'' at ofcom.org.uk]

* [https://www.gov.uk/guidance/a-guide-to-the-online-safety-bill ''A guide to the Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/online-safety-bill ''Documents, publications and announcements relating to the government's Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]

'''Reporting and summaries of the Online Safety Act'''
* [https://www.infolaw.co.uk/newsletter/2023/11/the-online-safety-act-2023-a-primer/ '''''The Online Safety Act 2023: a primer''''' at infolaw.co.uk], a 2023 primer on the Online Safety Act by Alex Heshmaty on 2023-11-29
* [https://www.epra.org/news_items/uk-the-online-safety-act-is-now-law-ofcom-s-powers-as-online-safety-regulator-have-officially-commenced '''''UK: The Online Safety Act is now law; Ofcom’s powers as online safety regulator have officially commenced''''' at epra.org] states that there will three successive implementation phases.

=== The Domestic Abuse Act 2021 Chapter 17, part 6 - Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films ===
'''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/contents/enacted Chapter 17] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/enacted Part 6 - ''Offences involving abusive or violent behaviour''] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted ''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films'' - ''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress'']

According to the UK-based [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/ '''Revenge Porn Helpline''' at revengepornhelpline.org.uk] article [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/ '''''What to do if someone is threatening to share your intimate images'''''] threats to share intimate images with the intent to cause distress is now an offense in UK law. This is included within the '''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' which was enacted into UK law on 29th June 2021.<ref>https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/</ref>

We don't know quite yet if the bug has been fixed, that if the pictures <u>are not pictures of you</u>, but [[synthetic human-like fakes]] the police cannot do anything.

'''Links'''
* [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted '''Domestic Abuse Act 2021''' / '''Chapter 17''' / '''Part 6''' / '''''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films''''' - '''''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress''''' at legislation.gov.uk]

=== Historical about the UK law against synthesis crimes ===

The UK law was not very up-to-date on the issue of synthetic filth until recent improvements.

The independent [[w:Law Commission (England and Wales)]] reviewed the law where it applies to taking, making and sharing intimate images without consent. The outcome of the consultation was due to be published later in 2021.<ref name="BBC2021">

{{cite web
|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-55546372
|title = 'Deepfake porn images still give me nightmares'
|last = Royle
|first = Sara
|date = 2021-01-05
|website = [[w:BBC Online]]
|publisher = [[w:BBC]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = She alerted the police to the images but was told that no action could be taken. Dr Aislinn O'Connell, a lecturer in law at Royal Holloway University of London, explained that Helen's case fell outside the current law.}}

</ref>

"In 2019, law expert Dr Aislinn O’Connell told [[w:The Independent]] that our current laws on image sharing are piecemeal and not fit for purpose. In October 2018 The [[w:Women and Equalities Committee]] called on the UK Government to introduce new legislation on image-based sexual abuse in order to '''criminalise ALL''' non-consensual creation and distribution of intimate sexual images."<ref name="MortPetition2020">

{{cite web
|url = https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images
|title = Change.org petition: 'Tighten regulation on taking, making and faking explicit images'
|last = Mort
|first = Helen
|date = 2020
|website = [[w:Change.org]]
|publisher = [[w:Change.org]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = Unlike other forms of revenge porn, creating pictures or videos like this is not yet illegal in the UK, though it is in some places in the US. The police were unable to help me.}}

</ref> This call is for similar laws as California put in place on January 1 2020.

----

= USA =

[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|thumb|right|200px|Various US states have enacted state laws aimed against synthetic human-like fakes and since May 2025 through the [[w:TAKE IT DOWN Act]] USA has federal legislation against this menace. Many other [[#Past bills in the USA|federal bills have been introduced in the USA]].]]

* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker}}
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024}}
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA}}

{{#lst:Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|cybercivilrights.org law compilations}}

See also:
* [[#Current bills in the USA|Current bills in the USA]] and [[#Past bills in the USA|past bills in the USA]]
* [https://www.congress.gov/legislative-process/introduction-and-referral-of-bills '''The Legislative Process: Introduction and Referral of Bills (Video)''' at congress.gov]
* {{#lst:Glossary|US-Congress-glossary}}

== Federal laws in the USA against synthesis crimes ==
=== US Senate Act S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
The [https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/146 '''''S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act''''' at congress.gov], a bipartisan act against non-consensual intimate image-based abuse, or in other words, against naked synthetic digital look-alikes and real image-based abuse. The long name for citing this act is '''''T'''ools to '''A'''ddress '''K'''nown '''E'''xploitation by '''I'''mmobilizing '''T'''echnological '''D'''eepfakes '''o'''n '''W'''ebsites and '''N'''etworks Act'''''.

It became federal law on Monday 2025-05-19. It was passed by the House of Representatives on Monday 2025-04-28. There is a one year delay on some of the requirements of the TAKE IT DOWN Act.

* In Wikipedia [[w:TAKE IT DOWN Act]]

* [https://rainn.org/policy/take-it-down-act '''''Take It Down Act''''' summary at rainn.org] - ''Criminalizing tech-enabled sexual abuse'' - ''Join us in celebrating this landmark victory for survivors of image-based sexual abuse!''
* [https://rainn.org/news/rainn-backed-%E2%80%9Ctake-it-down-act%E2%80%9D-passes-congress '''''RAINN-Backed “Take It Down Act” Passes Congress!''''' at rainn.org] - ''HISTORIC WIN FOR VICTIMS OF TECH-ENABLED SEXUAL ABUSE: RAINN-Backed “Take It Down Act” Passes Congress!''
* [https://apnews.com/article/take-it-down-deepfake-trump-melania-first-amendment-741a6e525e81e5e3d8843aac20de8615 '''''Take It Down Act, addressing nonconsensual deepfakes and ‘revenge porn,’ passes. What is it?''''' at apnews.com], 2025-04-28 reporting by Barbara Ortutay

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.npr.org/2025/04/28/nx-s1-5380236/take-it-down-act-melania-trump '''''Congress approves a revenge porn bill backed by first lady Melania Trump''''' at npr.org], 2025-04-28 reporting by Ayana Archie
* [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/house-take-it-down-act-vote-deepfake-pornography-victims/ '''''House passes "Take it Down Act," sending revenge porn bill backed by Melania Trump to president's desk''''' at cbsnews.com], 2025-04-28 reporting by Caitlin Yilek

== Law against synthesis crimes in Virginia 2019 ==
=== Code of Virginia § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty ===
[[File:Flag of Virginia.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Virginia]], an avant-garde state. Motto "[[w:Sic semper tyrannis]]"]]

<section begin=Virginia2019 />[[File:Marcus Simon.jpeg|thumb|right|108px|Homie [[w:Marcus Simon|w:Marcus Simon]] ([http://marcussimon.com/ marcussimon.com]) is a Member of the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] and a true pioneer in legislating against synthetic filth.]] Since July 1 2019<ref>

{{Cite web
| url=https://www.fauquier.com/news/new-state-laws-go-into-effect-july/article_6e2e16c8-96b7-11e9-88d0-83a8852ef3eb.html
| title=New state laws go into effect July 1
}}

</ref> [[w:Virginia]] [[w:criminalization|w:has criminalized]] the sale and dissemination of unauthorized synthetic pornography, but not the manufacture.<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515">
{{cite web
| url = https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/
| title = § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website =
| publisher = [[w:Virginia]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref>, as section [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ § 18.2-386.2 titled ''''''Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''''''] became part of the '''[[w:Code of Virginia]]'''.

[https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/ '''Code of Virginia''' (TOC)] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/ '''Title 18.2.''' Crimes and Offenses Generally] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/ '''Chapter 8.''' Crimes Involving Morals and Decency] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title18.2/chapter8/article5/ '''Article 5.''' Obscenity and Related Offenses] » '''Section''' [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ § '''18.2-386.2.''' Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty]

The [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ section '''§ 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''' of Virginia] is as follows:
<blockquote>
'''A'''. ''Any [[w:person]] who, with the [[w:Intention (criminal law)|w:intent]] to [[w:coercion|w:coerce]], [[w:harassment|w:harass]], or [[w:intimidation|w:intimidate]], [[w:Malice_(law)|w:malicious]]ly [[w:dissemination|w:disseminates]] or [[w:sales|w:sells]] any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever that [[w:Depiction|w:depicts]] another person who is totally [[w:nudity|w:nude]], or in a state of undress so as to expose the [[w:sex organs|w:genitals]], pubic area, [[w:buttocks]], or female [[w:breast]], where such person knows or has reason to know that he is not [[w:license]]d or [[w:authorization|w:authorized]] to disseminate or sell such [[w:Video|w:videographic]] or [[w:Film still|w:still image]] is [[w:Guilt (law)|w:guilty]] of a Class 1 [[w:Misdemeanor#United States|w:misdemeanor]]. ''
::For purposes of this subsection, "another person" includes a person whose image was used in creating, adapting, or modifying a videographic or still image with the intent to depict an actual person and who is recognizable as an actual person by the person's [[w:face]], [[w:Simulacrum|w:likeness]], or other distinguishing characteristic.''

'''B'''. ''If a person uses [[w:Service (economics)|w:services]] of an [[w:Internet service provider]], an electronic mail service provider, or any other information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server in committing acts prohibited under this section, such provider shall not be held responsible for violating this section for content provided by another person.''

'''C.''' ''Venue for a prosecution under this section may lie in the [[w:jurisdiction]] where the unlawful act occurs or where any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever is produced, reproduced, found, stored, received, or possessed in violation of this section.''

'''D.''' ''The provisions of this section shall not preclude prosecution under any other [[w:statute]].''<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515"/>

The identical bills were [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+HB2678 House Bill 2678] presented by [[w:Delegate (American politics)|w:Delegate]] [[w:Marcus Simon]] to the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] on January 14 2019 and three day later an identical [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+SB1736 Senate bill 1736] was introduced to the [[w:Senate of Virginia]] by Senator [[w:Adam Ebbin]].
</blockquote>
<section end=Virginia2019 />

== Law against synthesis crimes in Texas 2019 ==
=== Texas SB 751 - Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election ===
[[File:Flag of Texas.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Texas]], the Lone Star State has protected the political candidates, but not ordinary folk against synthetic filth.]]

<section begin=Texas2019 />On September 1 2019 [[w:Texas Senate]] bill [https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/86R/billtext/html/SB00751F.htm '''SB 751''' - '''''Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election'''''] [[w:amendment]]s to the election code came into effect in the [[w:Law of Texas]], giving [[w:candidates]] in [[w:elections]] a '''30-day protection period''' to the elections during which making and distributing digital look-alikes or synthetic fakes of the candidates is an offense. The law text defines the subject of the law as "''a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality''"<ref name="TexasSB751">

{{cite web
|url= https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751
|title= Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election
|last=
|first=
|date= 2019-06-14
|website=
|publisher= [[w:Texas]]
|access-date= 2021-01-23
|quote= In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality}}

</ref> SB 751 was introduced to the Senate by [[w:Bryan Hughes (politician)]].<ref name="Texas SB 751 history">https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751</ref>

<section end=Texas2019 />

The text of '''S.B. No. 751''' is as follows
<blockquote>
'''''AN ACT relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election.'''''

''BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:''

SECTION 1. ''[https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/EL/htm/EL.255.htm Section 255.004, Election Code], is [[w:Amend (motion)|w:amended]] by adding Subsections (d) and (e) to read as follows:''
* ('''d''') ''A person commits an offense if the person, with intent to injure a candidate or influence the result of an election:''
*# '''''creates''' a [[w:deepfake|deep fake]] video; and''
*# ''causes the deep fake video to be '''published''' or '''distributed''' within '''30 days''' of an '''election'''.''
* ('''e''') ''In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the '''intent to deceive''', that '''appears to depict''' a real person performing an action that '''did not occur''' in '''reality'''.''
SECTION 2. ''This Act takes effect September 1, 2019.''
</blockquote>
----

* [[w:Texas Legislature]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in California 2020 ==
=== California AB-602 - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action ===
[[File:Flag of California.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:California]] moved later than Virginia, but it outlawed also the manufacture of synthetic filth on Jan 1 2020.]]

<section begin=California2020 />[[File:Marc Berman.jpg|thumb|120px|right|Homie [[w:Marc Berman|w:Marc Berman]], a righteous fighter for our human rights in this age of industrial disinformation filth and an Assemblymember of the [[w:California State Assembly]], most loved for authoring [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 '''AB-602''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''], which came into effect on Jan 1 2020, banning both the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted.]] January 1 2020 <ref name="KFI2019">

{{cite web
|url= https://kfiam640.iheart.com/content/2019-12-30-here-are-the-new-california-laws-going-into-effect-in-2020/
|title= Here Are the New California Laws Going Into Effect in 2020
|last= Johnson
|first= R.J.
|date= 2019-12-30
|website= [[KFI]]
|publisher= [[iHeartMedia]]
|access-date= 2021-01-23
|quote=}}

</ref> the [[w:California]] [[w:State law (United States)|w:US state law]] '''[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 "AB-602 ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''."]''' came into effect in the [[w:California Civil Code|civil code]] of the [[w:California Codes]] banning the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted. AB-602 provides victims of synthetic pornography with [[w:injunction|w:injunctive relief]] and poses legal threats of [[w:statutory damages|w:statutory]] and [[w:punitive damages]] on [[w:criminal]]s making or distributing synthetic pornography without consent. The bill AB-602 was signed into law by California [[w:Governor (United States)|w:Governor]] [[w:Gavin Newsom]] on October 3 2019 and was authored by [[w:California State Assembly]]member [[w:Marc Berman]] and an identical Senate bill was coauthored by [[w:California State Senate|w:California Senator]] [[w:Connie Leyva]].<ref name="OpenStates AB 602">

{{cite web
|url=https://openstates.org/ca/bills/20192020/AB602/
|title=AB 602 - California Assembly Bill 2019-2020 Regular Session - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action.
|last=
|first=
|date=
|website=openstates.org
|publisher=openstates.org
|access-date=2021-03-24
|quote=}}

</ref><ref name="CNET2019">

{{cite web
| last = Mihalcik
| first = Carrie
| title = California laws seek to crack down on deepfakes in politics and porn
| website = [[w:cnet.com]]
| publisher = [[w:CNET]]
| date = 2019-10-04
| url = https://www.cnet.com/news/california-laws-seek-to-crack-down-on-deepfakes-in-politics-and-porn/
| access-date = 2021-01-23
}}

</ref> [https://trackbill.com/bill/california-assembly-bill-602-depiction-of-individual-using-digital-or-electronic-technology-sexually-explicit-material-cause-of-action/1690501/ AB602 at trackbill.com]
<section end=California2020 />

[[File:Connie Leyva 2015.jpg|thumb|right|240px|[[w:California]] [[w:California State Senate|w:Senator]] [[w:Connie Leyva]] sponsored [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB564&showamends=false '''California Senate Bill SB 564''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''] in Feb '''2019''' and the Senate Bill was [https://www.sagaftra.org/action-alert-support-california-bill-end-deepfake-porn endorsed by SAG-AFTRA], but the Assembly Bill AB-602 authored by [[w:California State Assembly]]member [[w:Marc Berman]] was the one that became law on 1 January 2020 in the [[w:California Civil Code|w:California Civil Code]] of the [[w:California Codes]].]]

'''Introduction''' by [https://a24.asmdc.org/ Assemblymember Marc Berman]:

'''AB 602''', Berman. '''''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action'''''.

Existing law creates a private [[w:Cause of action|w:right of action]] against a person who intentionally distributes a photograph or recorded image of another that exposes the intimate body parts of that person or of a person engaged in a sexual act '''without the person’s consent''' if specified conditions are met.

This bill would provide that a '''depicted individual''', as defined, has a '''[[w:cause of action]] against''' a person who '''either'''
* (1) '''creates''' and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material if the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted''' individual '''did not [[w:consent]]''' to its creation or disclosure or
* (2) who '''intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create if the person knows the '''depicted''' individual '''did not consent''' to its creation.

The bill would specify exceptions to those provisions, including if the material is a matter of legitimate public concern or a work of political or newsworthy value.

The bill would authorize a prevailing [[w:plaintiff]] who suffers harm to seek [[w:Injunction|w:injunctive]] relief and recover reasonable [[w:attorney’s fee]]s and costs as well as specified monetary [[w:damages]], including [[w:Statutory damages|statutory]] and [[w:punitive damages]].

'''The law is as follows''':
<blockquote>
SECTION 1. Section 1708.86 is added to the [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codesTOCSelected.xhtml?tocCode=CIV&tocTitle=+Civil+Code+-+CIV Civil Code of California], to read:

'''1708.86.''' ('''a''') '''For purposes of this section''':
* (1) “''Altered depiction''” means a performance that was actually performed by the depicted individual but was subsequently altered to be in violation of this section.
* (2) “''Authorized Representative''” means an attorney, talent agent, or personal manager authorized to represent a depicted individual if the depicted individual is represented.
* (3) (A) “''Consent''” means an agreement written in plain language signed knowingly and voluntarily by the depicted individual that includes a general description of the sexually explicit material and the audiovisual work in which it will be incorporated.
* (3) (B) A depicted individual may rescind consent by delivering written notice within three business days from the date consent was given to the person in whose favor consent was made, unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:
:**(i) The depicted individual is given at least 72 hours to review the terms of the agreement before signing it.
:**(ii) The depicted individual’s authorized representative provides written approval of the signed agreement.
* (4) “''Depicted individual''” means an individual who appears, as a result of digitization, to be giving a performance they did not actually perform or to be performing in an altered depiction.
* (5) “''Despicable conduct''” means conduct that is so vile, base, or contemptible that it would be looked down on and despised by a reasonable person.
* (6) “''Digitization''” means to realistically depict any of the following:
** (A) The nude body parts of another human being as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
** (B) Computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
** (C) The depicted individual engaging in sexual conduct in which the depicted individual did not engage.
* (7) “''Disclose''” means to publish, make available, or distribute to the public.
* (8) “''Individual''” means a natural person.
* (9) “''Malice''” means that the defendant acted with intent to cause harm to the plaintiff or despicable conduct that was done with a willful and knowing disregard of the rights of the plaintiff. A person acts with knowing disregard within the meaning of this paragraph when they are aware of the probable harmful consequences of their conduct and deliberately fail to avoid those consequences.
* (10) “''Nude''” means visible genitals, pubic area, anus, or a female’s postpubescent nipple or areola.
* (11) “''Person''” means a human being or legal entity.
* (12) “''Plaintiff''” includes cross-plaintiff.
* (13) “''Sexual conduct''” means any of the following:
** (A) Masturbation.
** (B) Sexual intercourse, including genital, oral, or anal, whether between persons regardless of sex or gender or between humans and animals.
** (C) Sexual penetration of the vagina or rectum by, or with, an object.
** (D) The transfer of semen by means of sexual conduct from the penis directly onto the depicted individual as a result of ejaculation.
** (E) Sadomasochistic abuse involving the depicted individual.
(14) “''Sexually explicit material''” means any portion of an audiovisual work that shows the depicted individual performing in the nude or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct.

('''b''') '''A depicted individual has a cause of action against''' a person who does '''either of the following''':
* (1) '''Creates and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material''' and the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted individual''' in that material '''did not consent''' to its creation or disclosure.
* (2) '''Intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create and the person knows the depicted individual in that material '''did not consent''' to the creation of the sexually explicit material.

('''c''') (1) A person is '''not liable''' under this section in either of the following circumstances:
* (A) The person discloses the sexually explicit material in the course of any of the following:
:** (i) Reporting unlawful activity.
:** (ii) Exercising the person’s law enforcement duties.
:**(iii) Hearings, trials, or other legal proceedings.
* (B) The material is any of the following:
:** (i) A matter of legitimate public concern.
:** (ii) A work of political or newsworthy value or similar work.
:** (iii) Commentary, criticism, or disclosure that is otherwise protected by the California Constitution or the United States Constitution.
* (2) For purposes of this subdivision, sexually explicit material is not of newsworthy value solely because the depicted individual is a public figure.

('''d''') It shall not be a defense to an action under this section that there is a disclaimer included in the sexually explicit material that communicates that the inclusion of the depicted individual in the sexually explicit material was unauthorized or that the depicted individual did not participate in the creation or development of the material.

('''e''') (1) A prevailing plaintiff who suffers harm as a result of the violation of subdivision (b) may recover any of the following:
* (A) An amount equal to the monetary gain made by the defendant from the creation, development, or disclosure of the sexually explicit material.
* (B) One of the following:
:** (i) Economic and noneconomic damages proximately caused by the disclosure of the sexually explicit material, including damages for emotional distress.
:** (ii) Upon request of the plaintiff at any time before the final judgment is rendered, the plaintiff may instead recover an award of statutory damages for all unauthorized acts involved in the action, with respect to any one work, as follows:
:** (I) A sum of not less than one thousand five hundred dollars ($1,500) but not more than thirty thousand dollars ($30,000).
:** (II) If the unlawful act was committed with malice, the award of statutory damages may be increased to a maximum of one hundred fifty thousand dollars ($150,000).
* (C) Punitive damages.
* (D) Reasonable attorney’s fees and costs.
* (E) Any other available relief, including injunctive relief.
(2) The remedies provided by this section are cumulative and shall not be construed as restricting a remedy that is available under any other law.

('''f''') An action under this section shall be commenced no later than three years from the date the unauthorized creation, development, or disclosure was discovered or should have been discovered with the exercise of reasonable diligence.

('''g''') The provisions of this section are severable. If any provision of this section or its application is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions.
</blockquote>
<ref name="CaliforniaStateLaw AB 602">
{{Citation
| title = "AB-602 Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action."
| first = Marc
| last = Berman
| author-link = w:Marc Berman
| first2 = Connie
| last2 = Leyva
| author2-link = w:Connie Leyva
| series =
| year = 2019
| publisher = [[w:California]]
| url = https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602
}}

</ref>

----

* [[w:California State Legislature]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in Georgia in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of Georgia (U.S. state) II.png|thumb|right|200px|Georgia's motto is ''"Wisdom, Justice, Moderation"'' and one could say it is well manifested in how their law against synthetic filth [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html '''GA CODE § 16-11-90'''] is thought out and written.]]
=== Georgia Code § 16-11-90 ===

'''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/ Georgia Code]''' / '''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ Title 16. Crimes and Offenses]''' [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html Chapter 11 "Offenses Against Public Order and Safety", Article 3 "Invasions of Privacy", Part 3 "Invasion of privacy" '''GA CODE § 16-11-90''']
<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list">https://cybercivilrights.org/deep-fake-laws/</ref>

'''The law is''' as of April 14, 2021<ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com" /> as follows:
<blockquote>
('''a''') As used in this Code section, the term:

* ('''1''') “''Harassment''” means engaging in conduct directed at a depicted person that is intended to cause substantial emotional harm to the depicted person.

* ('''2''') “''Nudity''” means:

::* (A) The showing of the human male or female genitals, pubic area, or buttocks without any covering or with less than a full opaque covering;

::* (B) The showing of the female breasts without any covering or with less than a full opaque covering; or

::* (C) The depiction of covered male genitals in a discernibly turgid state.

* ('''3''') “''Sexually explicit conduct” shall have the same meaning as set forth in Code Section 16-12-100 .

('''b''') '''A person violates this Code section if he or she, knowing the content of a transmission or post, knowingly and without the consent of the depicted person''':

* ('''1''') '''Electronically transmits or posts''', in one or more transmissions or posts, a photograph or video which depicts nudity or sexually explicit conduct of an adult, '''including a falsely created videographic or still image''', when the transmission or post is harassment or causes financial loss to the depicted person and serves no legitimate purpose to the depicted person; or

* ('''2''') '''Causes the electronic transmission or posting''', in one or more transmissions or posts, of a photograph or video which depicts nudity or sexually explicit conduct of an adult, '''including a falsely created videographic or still image''', when the transmission or post is harassment or causes financial loss to the depicted person and serves no legitimate purpose to the depicted person.

:Nothing in this Code section shall be construed to impose liability on an interactive computer service, as such term is defined in 47 U.S.C. 230(f)(2) , or an information service or telecommunications service, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. 153 , for content provided by another person.

('''c''') Any person who violates this Code section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of a high and aggravated nature; provided, however, that upon a second or subsequent violation of this Code section, he or she shall be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by imprisonment of not less than one nor more than five years, a fine of not more than $100,000.00, or both.

('''d''') A person shall be '''subject to prosecution in this state''' pursuant to Code Section 17-2-1 for any conduct made unlawful by this Code section which the person engages in while:

* ('''1''') '''Either within''' or '''outside of this state''' if, by such conduct, the person commits a violation of this Code section which involves an '''individual who resides in this state'''; or

* ('''2''') '''Within this state''' if, by such conduct, the person commits a violation of this Code section which involves an '''individual who resides within or outside this state'''.

('''e''') The provisions of subsection (b) of this Code section shall not apply to:

* ('''1''') The activities of law enforcement and prosecution agencies in the investigation and prosecution of criminal offenses;

* ('''2''') Legitimate medical, scientific, or educational activities;

* ('''3''') Any person who transmits or posts a photograph or video depicting only himself or herself engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct;

* ('''4''') The transmission or posting of a photograph or video that was originally made for commercial purposes;

* ('''5''') Any person who transmits or posts a photograph or video depicting a person voluntarily engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct in a public setting; or

* ('''6''') A transmission that is made pursuant to or in anticipation of a civil action.

('''f''') There shall be a rebuttable presumption that an information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server, including specifically a service or system that provides access to the Internet, for content provided by another person, does not know the content of an electronic transmission or post.

('''g''') Any violation of this Code section shall constitute a separate offense and shall not merge with any other crimes set forth in this title.</blockquote><ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com">

{{cite web
|url=https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html
|title=Georgia Code Title 16. Crimes and Offenses § 16-11-90
|last=
|first=
|date=2021-04-14
|website=[[w:FindLaw]]
|publisher=[[w:Georgia (U.S. state)]]
|access-date=2022-01-04
|quote=}}

</ref>

== Law against synthesis crimes in New York State in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of New York.svg|thumb|right|200px|New York State]]
=== New York State - CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy SECTION 52-C - Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual ===
[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/-CH6 '''CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights'''] [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/A5 '''ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual '''SECTION 52-C''' - '''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual''']<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list" />

'''The law is as follows:'''
<blockquote>
<big>'''§ 52-c''' - '''''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual.''''' </big><sup>Obs: There are 2 § 52-c's</sup>

'''1. For the purposes of this section:'''

* '''a.''' "'''''depicted individual'''''" means an individual who '''appears''', as a result of digitization, '''to be giving a performance they did not actually perform''' or '''to be performing in a performance that was actually performed by the depicted individual but was subsequently altered to be in violation of this section'''.

* '''b.''' "'''''digitization'''''" means to '''realistically depict the nude body parts of another human being as the nude body parts of the depicted individual''', '''computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the depicted individual''' or the '''depicted individual engaging in sexual conduct''', as defined in subdivision ten of section 130.00 of the penal law, '''in which the depicted individual did not engage'''.

* '''c.''' "''individual''" means a natural person.

* '''d.''' "''person''" means a human being or legal entity.

* '''e.''' "''sexually explicit material''" means any portion of an audio visual work that shows the depicted individual performing in the nude, meaning with an unclothed or exposed intimate part, as defined in section 245.15 of the penal law, or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct, as defined in subdivision ten of section 130.00 of the penal law.

'''2. a.''' A depicted individual shall have a '''cause of action''' against a person who, '''discloses''', '''disseminates''' or '''publishes''' sexually explicit material related to the depicted individual, and the person knows or reasonably should have known the depicted individual in that material '''did not consent''' to its '''creation''', disclosure, dissemination, or publication.

* '''b.''' It shall '''not be a defense''' to an action under this section that '''there is a disclaimer''' in the sexually explicit material that communicates that the inclusion of the depicted individual in the sexually explicit material was unauthorized or that the depicted individual did not participate in the creation or development of the material.

'''3. a.''' A depicted individual may only consent to the creation, disclosure, dissemination, or publication of sexually explicit material by knowingly and voluntarily signing an agreement written in plain language that includes a general description of the sexually explicit material and the audiovisual work in which it will be incorporated.

* '''b.''' A depicted individual may rescind consent by delivering written notice within three business days from the date consent was given to the person in whose favor consent was made, unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:

:* i. the depicted individual is given at least three business days to review the terms of the agreement before signing it; or

:* ii. if the depicted individual is represented, the attorney, talent agent, or personal manager authorized to represent the depicted individual provides additional written approval of the signed agreement.

'''4. a.''' A person is not liable under this section if:

:* i. the person discloses, disseminates or publishes the sexually explicit material in the course of reporting unlawful activity, exercising the person's law enforcement duties, or hearings, trials or other legal proceedings; or

:* ii. the sexually explicit material is a matter of legitimate public concern, a work of political or newsworthy value or similar work, or commentary, criticism or disclosure that is otherwise protected by the constitution of this state or the United States; provided that sexually explicit material shall not be considered of newsworthy value solely because the depicted individual is a public figure.

'''5.''' In any action commenced pursuant to this section, the finder of fact, in its discretion, '''may award injunctive relief''', '''punitive damages''', '''compensatory damages''', and '''reasonable court costs''' and '''attorney's fees'''.

'''6.''' A cause of action or special proceeding under this section shall be commenced the later of either:

* '''a.''' three years after the dissemination or publication of sexually explicit material; or

* '''b.''' one year from the date a person discovers, or reasonably should have discovered, the dissemination or publication of such sexually explicit material.

'''7.''' Nothing in this section shall be read to require a prior criminal complaint, prosecution or conviction to establish the elements of the cause of action provided for in this section.

'''8.''' The provisions of this section including the remedies are in addition to, and shall not supersede, any other rights or remedies available in law or equity.

'''9.''' If any provision of this section or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of this section which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this section are severable.

'''10.''' Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit, or to enlarge, the protections that 47 U.S.C. § 230 confers on an interactive
computer service for content provided by another information content provider, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. § 230.</blockquote><ref name="New York State Civil Rights CHAPTER 6, ARTICLE 5, SECTION 52-C">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual
|title= SECTION 52-C Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual
|last=
|first=
|date=2021-11-12
|website=nysenate.gov
|publisher=[[w:New York State Legislature]]
|access-date=2021-01-04
|quote=}}

</ref>

== Law against synthesis crimes in Florida 2025 ==
[https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2025/1161/?Tab=BillHistory '''''CS/CS/HB 1161: Removal of Altered Sexual Depictions Posted without Consent''''' at flsenate.gov] is set to become law in 2025

'''Reporting'''
* [https://floridapolitics.com/archives/733939-brookes-law-giving-deepfake-victims-recourse-against-platforms-will-head-to-governors-desk/ '''''‘Brooke’s Law,’ giving deepfake victims recourse against platforms, heads to Governor’s desk''''' at floridapolitics.com], April 2025 reporting by A.G. Gancarski

== Current bills in the USA ==

== 119th Congress ==
=== Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2025 (DEFIANCE Act of 2025) (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1837 '''''Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2025 (DEFIANCE Act of 2025)''''' at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of the US Senate bill S. 3696 - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images and Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024 (DEFIANCE Act of 2024) (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3696/text '''''S.3696 - DEFIANCE Act of 2024''''' at congress.gov], a bipartisan Senate bill against synthetic filth.

* [https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record/volume-170/issue-17/senate-section/article/S289-2 '''''Introductory Statement on S. 3696; Congressional Record Vol. 170, No. 17''''' at congress.gov] 2024-01-30
* [https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/press/releases/durbin-graham-klobuchar-hawley-introduce-defiance-act-to-hold-accountable-those-responsible-for-the-proliferation-of-nonconsensual-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-and-videos '''''Durbin, Graham, Klobuchar, Hawley Introduce DEFIANCE Act to Hold Accountable Those Responsible for the Proliferation of Nonconsensual, Sexually-Explicit “Deepfake” Images and Videos''''' at judiciary.senate.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>
* [https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118s3696is '''''S. 3696 (IS) - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024''''' at govinfo.gov]
* [https://www.durbin.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/defiance_act_of_2024.pdf '''DEFIANCE Act of 2024''' at durbin.senate.gov] explains that it would create ''a federal civil remedy for victims who are identifiable in a “digital forgery"''.

'''Reporting and commentary on DEFIANCE Act of 2024 bill'''
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/jan/30/taylor-swift-ai-deepfake-nonconsensual-sexual-images-bill '''''Taylor Swift AI images prompt US bill to tackle nonconsensual, sexual deepfakes''''' at theguardian.com]
* [https://www.theverge.com/2024/1/30/24056385/congress-defiance-act-proposed-ban-nonconsensual-ai-porn '''''Lawmakers propose anti-nonconsensual AI porn bill after Taylor Swift controversy''''' at theverge.com]

=== Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===

[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1027/text '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act)''''' at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of US House bill H.R.7123 - Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7123/text?s=1&r=3 '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-of-artificial-intelligence/the-terrifying-ai-scam-that-uses-your-loved-ones-voice</ref>

=== H.R.1941 - Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
This is a reintroduction of the older US House bill H.R. 3106 - Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3106/text '''''Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act''''' at congress.gov] was introduced in the House on 2023-05-05. It was [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/9631 a reintroduction of H.R. 9631 from the 117th Congress].

== State bills ==
=== NY Senate bill S6278 in the 2025-2026 regular session ===
This bill was reintroduced as [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S6278 S6278] to the 2025-2026 session.

[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S5583 '''NY Senate bill S5583 in the 2023-2024 regular session''' at nysenate.gov] would establish ''the crime of aggravated harassment by means of electronic or digital communication and provides for a private right of action for the unlawful dissemination or publication of deep fakes''.

== Past bills in the USA ==

=== US House bill H.R.6943 - No AI FRAUD Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6943/text '''No Artificial Intelligence Fake Replicas And Unauthorized Duplications Act of 2024''' or the ('''No AI FRAUD Act''') at congress.gov] was introduced to the 118th Congress 2nd session on 2024-01-24.<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>

=== US House bill H.R.5586 - Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023 (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5586/text “Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023” or the “DEEPFAKES Accountability Act” at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of earlier House bill H.R.3230 to the 118th Congress (2023-2024 session)

=== US Senate bill S1641 - Preventing Rampant Online Technological Exploitation and Criminal Trafficking Act of 2022 - (117th Congress) ===
The bill known as [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/4991/text?r=4&s=1 Senate bill '''S.4991''' - ''''''PROTECT Act'''''' at congress.gov] was read by Senator [[w:Mike Lee]] on Wednesday 2022-09-28 twice.

=== New York Senate bill - Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material - in regular session 2021-2022 ===
[[File:Flag of New York (1909–2020).png|thumb|right|200px|[[w:New York State Legislature]] regular session 2021-2022 is contemplating the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York senate bill '''S1641'''] and identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 assembly bill '''A6517'''] to ban sending unsolicited pornography.]]

Bill '''''Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material'''''' is essentially a bill that aims to ban sending unsolicited nudes.

In the 2021-2022 [[w:New York State Senate]] regular sessions, on 2021-01-14 Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored and Senators [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) and [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] of the New York State Senate co-sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law]. On 2021-03-19 an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] was introduced to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] by Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]).<ref group="1st seen in">

First seen in the [https://trackbill.com/search/#/related=%7B%22id%22:%221690501%22,%22state%22:%22CA%22,%22session%22:%222019%22,%22billId%22:%22AB602%22%7D&direction=desc&page=1&resultsPerPage=25&sort=relevancy&tracked&upcoming_hearings&type=bills&state=all&session suggestions for similar bills for Bills similar to CA AB602 by trackbill.com].

</ref>

If this bill passes it will be codified in the [[w:Consolidated Laws of New York]]. View the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York''' at nysenate.gov].

* '''Title of bill''': ''An act to amend the penal law, in relation to the creation of the criminal offense of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''

* '''Purpose''': ''The purpose of this bill is to make it unlawful to send sexually explicit material through electronic means unless the material is sent at the request of, or with the express consent of the recipient.''

* '''Summary of provisions''': Adds a '''new section 250.70''' to the penal law making it ''unlawful to knowingly transmit by electronic means visual material that depicts any person engaging in sexual conduct or with a person's intimate parts exposed unless the material is sent at the request of, or with the express consent of the recipient.

* '''Justification''': ''Currently under New York State law, indecent exposure in person is a crime, but it is not unlawful to send sexually explicit photos to nonconsenting adult recipients through electronic transmission. With the growing modem age of online dating, many individuals are receiving sexually explicit visual content without their consent from strangers. No person should be forced to view sexually explicit material without their consent.''

''The bill offers a clear deterrent to those considering sending unsolicited sexual pics and similar inappropriate conduct, and protects the
unwilling recipients who currently have no legal recourse for such abuses.

''What is illegal in the real world must be illegal in the digital world, and this legislation is a first step in the right direction in adding that accountability.''

* '''Legislative history''':
*# Senate - 2020 - S5949 Referred to Codes
*# Assembly - 2020 - A7801 Referred to Codes

* '''Fiscal implications''': ''Minimal''

* '''Effective date''': ''This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law.''

The text of the bill is, as of 2021-03-24, as follows:

:"Section 1. The penal law is amended by adding a new section 250.70 to read as follows:

:'''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL'''''.

:A person is guilty of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material if a person knowingly transmits by electronic means visual material that depicts any person engaging in sexual conduct or with a person's intimate parts exposed or depicts the covered genitals of a male person that are in a discernibly turgid state and such visual material is not sent at the request of or with the express consent of the recipient. For purposes of this section the term "intimate parts" means the naked genitals, pubic area, anus, or female postpubescent nipple of the person and the term "sexual conduct" shall have the same meaning as defined in [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/130.00 section 130.00 (Sex offenses; definitions of terms)] of this chapter. Unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material is a class a misdemeanor.

:'''§ 2'''. This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law."

----
<gallery>
File:Nopic.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law].
File:LIRR Elmont, Brian Benjamin (cropped).jpg|thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Todd_Kaminsky_Head_Shot.jpg||thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Aileen_Gunther.jpg|thumb|260px|NY Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]) presented an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] on 2021-03-19.
* [[w:New York State Legislature]]
</gallery>

=== US Senate bill - Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - 2019-2020 US Senate session (116th Congress) ===
The Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act (SISE) was a bill introduced to the 2019-2020 session of the US Senate.
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/5054?r=1&s=1 US Senate Bill ''''''S.5054''' - '''Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''''' at congress.gov]

=== US House bill - H.R.3230 - DEEP FAKES Accountability Act (116th Congress) ===

* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230/text '''H.R.3230''' - '''''DEEP FAKES Accountability Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> also known as ''Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2019'' and it aimed to include requirements for producers of synthetic human-like fakes '' to generally comply with certain [[w:Digital watermarking|w:digital watermark]] and disclosure requirements''.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230</ref>

=== US Senate bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress) ===
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/3805/text '''S.3805''' - '''''Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry">
Chatting with ChatGPT 2023

* First I asked ChatGPT to "''list some legislative approaches against so-called "deep fakes" or "deepfakes"''" and it mentioned the Singaporean [[#Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]] and the [[#Bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress)]]

</ref> aimed at criminalizing synthesizing human-likeness media for intent of breaking federal, state, local or tribal law

----

----

= Law proposals =
== Law proposals against synthetic filth by [[User:Juho Kunsola|Juho Kunsola]] ==

* '''Audience''': Developed with suitability for national, supranational and UN treaty levels.
* '''Writing context''':
** Written from context of inclusion to '''criminal codes'''.
** I'm a Finn so this has been worded to fit in the [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1889/18890039001#L24 Chapter 24 of the Criminal Code of Finland (in Finnish at finlex.fi)] titled "''Offences against privacy, public peace and personal reputation''"
** [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039 Access the English translations of the Finnish Criminal Code at finlex.fi] or [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039_20150766.pdf go straight to the latest .pdf from 2016]. Chapter 24 starts on page 107.
* '''History''': This version is an evolution of a Finnish language original written in 2016.

[[File:Suomen lippu valokuva.png|right|thumb|260px|[[w:Finland]] has very logical and very [https://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/ accessible laws], but also here we need updating of the laws for this age of industrial disinformation.]]

Existing law in <big>Chapter 24. of the Finnish Criminal Code - "''Offences against privacy, public peace and personal reputation''"</big> seems to be ineffective against many [[synthetic human-like fakes|synthetic human-like fake attack]] and seems it could be used to frame victims for crimes with [[synthetic human-like fakes#Digital sound-alikes|digital sound-alikes]].

The portions affected by or affecting the synthetic filth situation in bold font:

* Section 1 - Invasion of domestic premises (879/2013)
* Section 1(a) - '''Harassing communications''' (879/2013)
* Section 2 - Aggravated invasion of domestic premises (531/2000)
* Section 3 - Invasion of public premises (585/2005)
* Section 4 - Aggravated invasion of public premises (531/2000)
* Section 5 - '''Eavesdropping''' (531/2000)
* Section 6 - '''Illicit observation''' (531/2000)
* Section 7 - '''Preparation of eavesdropping or illicit observation''' (531/2000)
* Section 8 - '''Dissemination of information violating personal privacy''' (879/2013)
* Section 8(a) - '''Aggravated dissemination of information violating personal privacy''' (879/2013)
* Section 9 - '''Defamation''' (879/2013)
* Section 10 - '''Aggravated defamation''' (879/2013)
* Section 11 - Definition (531/2000)
* Section 12 - '''Right to bring charges''' (879/2013)
* Section 13 - '''Corporate criminal liability''' (511/2011)

[[File:The-diffuse-reflection-deducted-from-the-specular-reflection-Debevec-2000.png|thumb|right|260px|Subtraction of the diffuse reflection from the specular reflection. Image is scaled for luminocity. Diffuse reflection is acquired by placing polarizers in 90 degree angle and specular with 0 degree angle.
<br /><br />
[[:File:Deb-2000-reflectance-separation.png|Original picture]] by [[w:Paul Debevec|Debevec]] et al. - Copyright ACM 2000 https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=311779.344855]]

=== Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth ===

==== §1 Models of human appearance ====

A '''model of human appearance''' means
::* A realistic '''3D model'''
::* A '''[[Glossary#Bidirectional reflectance distribution function|7D bidirectional reflectance distribution function]] model'''
::* A '''direct-to-2D''' capable [[w:machine learning]] model
::* Or a model made with any technology whatsoever, that looks deceivingly like the target person.

==== §2 Producing synthetic pornography ====
Making '''projections''', still or videographic, where targets are portrayed in a '''nude''' or in a '''sexual situation''' from models of human appearance defined in §1 '''without express consent''' of the targets is '''illegal'''.

==== §3 Distributing synthetic pornography ====
'''Distributing''', '''making available''', '''public display''', '''purchase''', '''sale''', '''yielding''', '''import''' and '''export''' of non-authorized '''synthetic pornography''' defined in §2 are '''punishable'''.<ref group="footnote">People who are found in possession of this synthetic pornography should probably not be penalized, but rather advised to get some help.</ref>

==== §4 Aggravated producing and distributing synthetic pornography ====
If the media described in §2 or §3 is made or distributed with the '''intent''' to '''frame for a crime''' or for '''blackmail''', the crime should be judged as '''aggravated'''.

==== Afterwords ====
The original idea I had was to ban both the raw materials i.e. the models to make the visual synthetic filth and also the end product weaponized synthetic pornography, but then in July 2019 it appeared to me that [[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]] could really help in this age of industrial disinformation if it were built, trained and operational. Banning modeling of human appearance was in conflict with the revised plan.

It is safe to assume that collecting permissions to model each pornographic recording is not plausible, so an interesting question is that can we ban covert modeling from non-pornographic pictures, while still retaining the ability to model all porn found on the Internet.

In case we want to pursue banning modeling people's appearance from non-pornographic images/videos without explicit permission be pursued it must be <font color="green">formulated</font> so that this <font color="red">'''does not make'''</font> <big>'''[[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]]'''</big> <font color="red">illegal</font> / <font color="red">impossible</font>. This would seem to lead to a weird situation where modeling a human from non-pornographic media would be illegal, but modeling from pornography legal.

=== Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice ===
{{#ev:youtube|0sR1rU3gLzQ|360px|right|[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sR1rU3gLzQ Video 'This AI Clones Your Voice After Listening for 5 Seconds' by '2 minute papers' at YouTube] describes the voice thieving machine by Google Research in [[w:NeurIPS|w:NeurIPS]] 2018.}}

'''Motivation''': The current situation where the criminals can freely trade and grow their libraries of stolen voices is unwise.

==== §1 Unauthorized modeling of a human voice ====
'''Acquiring''' such a '''model of a human's voice''', that '''deceptively resembles''' some '''dead''' or '''living''' person's voice and the '''possession''', '''purchase''', '''sale''', '''yielding''', '''import''' and '''export''' '''without''' the '''express consent''' of the target are '''punishable'''.

==== §2 Application of unauthorized voice models ====
'''Producing''' and '''making available''' media from covert voice models defined in §1 is '''punishable'''.

==== §3 Aggravated application of unauthorized voice models ====
If the produced media is for a '''purpose''' to
::* '''frame''' a '''human''' target or targets for '''crimes'''
::* to attempt '''extortion''' or
::* to '''defame the target''',
the crime should be judged as '''aggravated'''.

----

= Resources and reporting on law =

== AI and law in general ==

[[File:LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg|thumb|right|340px|[[w:Library of Congress]] ([https://loc.gov/ loc.gov]) reading room]]

''' Reviews and regulation '''
From the '''[[w:Library of Congress]]''':

* [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/index.php ''''''Regulation of Artificial Intelligence'''''' at loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/compsum.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Comparative Summary' at loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/international.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: International and Regional Approaches' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/americas.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: The Americas and the Caribbean' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/asia-pacific.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: East/South Asia and the Pacific' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/europe-asia.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Europe and Central Asia' loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/middleeast-northafrica.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Middle East and North Africa' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/africa.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Sub-Saharan Africa' (loc.gov)]

'''[[w:Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher|w:Gibson Dunn & Crutcher]]''' (gibsondunn.com) publishes a quarterly legal update on 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems'. Gibson Dunn & Crutcher is a global [[w:law firm|w:law firm]], founded in Los Angeles in 1890.
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-4q18/ ''''''Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update'''''' Quarter 4 2018 at Gibson & Dunn]
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-1q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 1 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-2q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 2 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-3q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 3 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-automated-systems-legal-update-4q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 4 2019']

''' From Europe'''
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|180px|The [[w:European Union]]'s [[w:European Parliament|Parliament]]'s [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] on [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives].]]
* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf ''''''The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives'''''' (.pdf) at europarl.europa.eu], a March 2020 study by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] Starting from page 37 the .pdf lists organizations in the field.

== Synthetic filth in the law and media ==
* [https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4409&context=vlr ''''''"The New Weapon of Choice": Law's Current Inability to Properly Address Deepfake Pornography'''''' at scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu], October 2020 Notes by Anne Pechenik Gieseke published in the The [[w:Vanderbilt Law Review]], the flagship [[w:academic journal]] of [[w:Vanderbilt University Law School]].
* [https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/07/08/deepfakes-and-synthetic-media-in-financial-system-assessing-threat-scenarios-pub-82237 ''''''Deepfakes and Synthetic Media in the Financial System: Assessing Threat Scenarios'''''' at carnegieendowment.org], a 2020-07-08 assessment identifies some types of criminalities that can be made using [[synthetic human-like fakes]].
* [https://ssri.duke.edu/news/don%E2%80%99t-believe-your-eyes-or-ears-weaponization-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-and ''''''Don’t Believe Your Eyes (or Ears): The Weaponization of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deepfakes'''''' at ssri.duke.edu], an October 2019 news article by Joe Littell, published by the Social Science Research Institute at the [[w:Duke University]]
* [https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/dltr/vol17/iss1/4/ ''''''Deepfakes: False Pornography Is Here and the Law Cannot Protect You'''''' at scholarship.law.duke.edu], published in 2019 in the [[w:Duke Law Journal|Duke Law Journal]], a student-run law review.
* [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-20/deepfake-porn-political-ads-push-states-to-curb-rampant-ai-use '''''States Are Rushing to Regulate Deepfakes as AI Goes Mainstream''''' at bloomberg.com] (paywalled), June 2023 reporting on US legislation against synthetic human-like fakes. It lists CA, WA, WY, MN, TX, GA and VA as having anti-deepfake laws and lists LA, IL, MA and NJ as planning to legislate.

== The countries that have unfortunately banned full face veil ==

{{Q|There are currently 16 nations that have banned the burqa (not to be confused with the hijab), including [[w:Tunisia]],<ref name="reuters.com">

{{cite news
|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-tunisia-niqab-security-idUKKCN1U01CH
|title= Tunisian PM bans wearing of niqab in public institutions
|date=5 July 2019
|access-date=2021-03-13
|newspaper= Reuters
}}

</ref> [[w:Austria]], [[w:Denmark]], [[w:France]], [[w:Belgium]], [[w:Tajikistan]], [[w:Latvia]],<ref name="independent.co.uk">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/islamic-muslim-face-veil-niqab-burqa-banned-latvia-despite-being-worn-by-just-three-women-entire-a6993991.html
|title=A European government has banned Islamic face veils despite them being worn by just three women
|date=21 April 2016
|access-date=2021-03-13
}}

</ref> [[w:Bulgaria]],<ref>

[https://www.smh.com.au/world/bulgaria-the-latest-european-country-to-ban-the-burqa-and-niqab-in-public-places-20160930-grss9q.html Bulgaria the latest European country to ban the burqa and [niqab in public places], Smh.com.au: accessed 5 December 2016.

</ref> [[w:Cameroon]], [[w:Chad]], [[w:Congo-Brazzaville]], [[w:Gabon]], [[w:Netherlands]],<ref>
{{cite news
|last1=Halasz
|first1=Stephanie
|last2=McKenzie
|first2=Sheena
|title=The Netherlands introduces burqa ban in some public spaces
|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/27/europe/netherlands-partial-burqa-ban-intl/index.html
|access-date=2021-03-13
|agency=CNN
|issue=27 June 2018
|publisher=CNN
|date=27 June 2018
}}

</ref> [[w:China]],<ref>
{{cite news
|last1=Phillips
|first1=Tom
|title=China bans burqa in capital of Muslim region of Xinjiang
|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/11342070/China-bans-burqa-in-capital-of-Muslim-region-of-Xinjiang.html
|access-date=2021-03-13
|agency=The Telegraph
|issue=13 January 2015
|newspaper=The Telegraph
|date=13 January 2015
}}

</ref> [[w:Morocco]], and [[w:Switzerland]].|Wikipedia|[[w:Hijab by country]] as of 2021-03-13}}

Taking into consideration these times of industrial disinformation, it is vicious and uncivilized to have laws banning wearing a the full face veil in public.

== Quotes on the current laws and their application ==
{{#lst:Quotes|FinalLineOfDefenseForTheTimeBeing}}

----

= Footnotes =
<references group="footnote" />

= 1st seen in =
<references group="1st seen in" />

= References =
<references />

[[Category:In English]]
[[Category:Law]]
[[Category:Antifake]]

Laws against synthesis and other related crimes

2025-08-22T12:32:18Z

Juho Kunsola: /* Denmark */ Translated quote of Jakob Engel-Schmidt, Culture Minister of Denmarkfrom from the original announcement (translated) as a {{Q}} Translation by ChatGPT

[[File:No-synthetic-F.png|thumb|right|260px|link=Main Page|This article is an attempt to track legislation against '''[[synthetic human-like fakes]]''' world-wide.]]
[[File:Screenshot at 27s of a moving digital-look-alike made to appear Obama-like by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed 2018.png|thumb|right|480px|link=Mediatheque/2018/Obama's appearance thieved - a public service announcement digital look-alike by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Obama-like-fake-2018}}]]
[[File:Appearance of Richard Nixon stolen by the Center for Advanced Virtuality of MIT for their awareness raising project In The Event of Moon Disaster 2020 screenshot at 376s.png|thumb|rightr|480px|link=Mediatheque/2020/Nixon's appearance and voice stolen - a public service announcement digital look-alike and sound-alike by MIT's Center for Advanced Virtuality|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Nixon-like-fake-2020}}]]
[[File:Justice scale silhouette, medium.svg|thumb|right|200px|Do you know of a law or jurisdiction that this list does not include? Add it! Or let us know through the chat in the lower-righthand side!]]

This article contains some current laws against abusive uses of synthetic human-like fakes and also information what kind of laws are being prepared and two SSFWIKI original law proposals, [[#Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth|one against digital look-alikes]] and [[#Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice|one against digital sound-alikes]].

'''Information elsewhere / legal information compilations''' (recommended)
<section begin=anti-fake-law-compilations/>
* <section begin=ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker/>[https://legislation.ballotpedia.org/ai-deepfakes/home '''''AI deepfake legislation tracker''''' at legislation.ballotpedia.org] by Ballotpedia.org for tracking US legislation.<section end=ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker/>
* {{#lst:Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|cybercivilrights.org law compilations}}
* <section begin=responsible.ai 2023/>[https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches '''''A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches''''' at responsible.ai]<ref name="responsible.ai 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches
| title = A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches
| last = Lawson
| first = Amanda
| date = 2023-04-24
| website = responsible.ai
| publisher = Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> April 2023 compilation and reporting by Amanda Lawson of the Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute.<section end=responsible.ai 2023/>
* <section begin=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>[https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/ '''''The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology''''' at legaljournal.princeton.edu]<ref name="Princeton Legal Journal 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/
| title = The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology
| last = Quirk
| first = Caroline
| date = 2023-06-19
| website = legaljournal.princeton.edu
| publisher = Princeton Legal Journal
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}

</ref> compilation and reporting by Caroline Quirk. PLJ is Princeton’s only student-run law review.<section end=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>
* <section begin=tech policy press 2023/>[https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/ '''''Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography''''' at techpolicy.press]<ref name="tech policy press 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/
| title = Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography
| last = Williams
| first = Kaylee
| date = 2023-05-15
| website = techpolicy.press
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> May 2023 compilation and reporting by Kaylee Williams<section end=tech policy press 2023/>

* <section begin=Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA/>[https://foundationra.com/deepfake-ai-laws/ '''''Deepfake AI laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com], [https://foundationra.com/sextortion-laws/ '''''Sextortion laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com] and [https://foundationra.com/revenge-porn-laws-us/ '''''Revenge porn laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com] compilations by [https://foundationra.com/ Foundation RA]<section end=Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA/>
* <section begin=Onfido 2024/>[https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/ '''''Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?''''' at onfido.com]<ref name="Onfido 2024">
{{cite web
| url = https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/
| title = Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?
| last = Owen
| first = Aled
| date = 2024-02-02
| website = onfido.com
| publisher = Onfido
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> February 2024 summary and compilation by Aled Owen, Director of Global Policy at Onfido (for-profit)<section end=Onfido 2024/>

* <section begin=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>[https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html '''''Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?''''' at criminaldefenselawyer.com] <ref name="criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html
| title = Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?
| last = Pirius
| first = Rebecca
| date = 2024-02-07
| website = Criminaldefenselawyer.com
| publisher = [[w:Nolo (publisher)]]
| access-date = 2024-02-22
| quote =
}}

</ref> by Rebecca Pirius is a good bring-together of the current illegality/legality situation in the USA federally and state-wise. Published by [[w:Nolo (publisher)]], updated Feb 2024<section end=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>

* <section begin=tclf 2023/>[https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/ '''''Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace''''' at tclf.in]<ref name="tclf 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/
| title = Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace
| last = Rastogi
| first = Janvhi
| date = 2023-10-16
| website = tclf.in
| publisher = The Contemporary Law Forum
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> October 2023 compilation and reporting by Janvhi Rastogi, published in the The Contemporary Law Forum.<section end=tclf 2023/>

* <section begin=endcyberabuse.org/>[https://endcyberabuse.org/country-factsheets/ '''''The Law on Image-Based Sexual Abuse Worldwide''''' at endcyberabuse.org] contains information for Bangladesh, Canada, England and Wales, France, Germany, India, Japan, Pakistan, Philippines and the USA.<section end=endcyberabuse.org/>
<section end=anti-fake-law-compilations/>

'''New laws'''
* [[#UK|UK]]'s [[#Online Safety Act 2023|Online Safety Act 2023]] has been passed to law and reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.
* The [[#EU|European Union]] has finalized a law package to regulate AI called the [[#Artificial Intelligence Act|Artificial Intelligence Act]]

'''New bills are currently in the works in'''
* Current [[#Bills in the EU|bills in the EU]] of high importance are the almost finalized [[#Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence|Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence]] and the [[#Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse|Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]
* [[#Current bills in the USA|US Senate is considering an anti-fake bill and the House is considering several bills]]
* [[#Canada|Canada]] is considering C-27
* [[#China|China]] seems to be planning to ban all synthetic pornography, however consensual its making was

'''Bills that didn't make it'''
* [[#Canada|Canada's House of Commons]] was considering banning all pornographic content, for which there is no proof-of-age and written consent from everybody visible in the pornographic recording.
* [[#Past bills in the USA|Past bills in the USA]]

= International =
The '''[[w:Convention on Cybercrime]]''', also known as the '''Budapest Convention on Cybercrime''' or the '''Budapest Convention''', is the first international [[w:treaty]] seeking to address [[w:Internet]] and [[w:computer crime]] (cybercrime) harmonizing [[w:municipal law|national laws]], improving investigative techniques, and increasing cooperation among nations.<ref>[https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=185 Convention on Cybercrime, Budapest, 23 November 2001.]</ref> (Wikipedia) The. convention was signed on 2001-11-23

'''[[w:Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime]]''', concerning the criminalisation of acts of a racist and xenophobic nature committed through computer systems is an additional protocol to the [[w:Council of Europe]] Convention on Cybercrime.

= Australia =

[[File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|thumb|right|200px|Australia]]

== Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Act 2024 ==
'''The Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024'''<ref group="1st seen in">ChatGPT Deep research on augmenting this list of laws</ref> criminalized the creation, distribution, and even possession of explicit synthetic human-like fakes without consent.<ref name="GLI2024">https://www.globallegalinsights.com/news/australia-introduces-legislation-to-combat-deepfake-sexual-material/</ref>

Those who create a sexual deepfake of someone without consent face up to 10 years in prison. Those who share or distribute such material (even if they didn’t create it) can get up to 7 years, and merely possessing deepfake porn can lead to 5 years behind bars. Penalties escalate for aggravated cases – if the deepfake is used to harass or blackmail or if the victim is a minor, sentences can reach 15 years.<ref name="GLI2024"/>

'''Official'''
* [https://ministers.ag.gov.au/media-centre/new-criminal-laws-combat-sexually-explicit-deepfakes-21-08-2024 '''''New criminal laws to combat sexually explicit deepfakes''''' at ministers.ag.gov.au]
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/bd/bd2324a/24bd081 '''''Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024 digest''' at aph.gov.au] by Owen Griffiths.
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_LEGislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r7205 '''''Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024''''' progression summary at aph.gov.au]

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.globallegalinsights.com/news/australia-introduces-legislation-to-combat-deepfake-sexual-material/ '''''Australia introduces legislation to combat deepfake sexual material''''' at globallegalinsights.com]

== Online Safety Act 2021 ==

The [https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2021A00076/latest/text '''Online Safety Act 2021''' at legislation.gov.au]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing paper">https://equalitynow.org/resource/briefing-paper-deepfake-image-based-sexual-abuse-tech-facilitated-sexual-exploitation-and-the-law/</ref> regulates the non-consensual sharing or threatening to share sexual images.

If the synthetic fake human-like images depict illegal and restricted online content, then the Online Content Scheme, as defined in the Online Safety Act 2021, may apply.<ref name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing">https://equalitynow.org/resource/briefing-paper-deepfake-image-based-sexual-abuse-tech-facilitated-sexual-exploitation-and-the-law/</ref>

[https://www.esafety.gov.au/ '''Office of the eSafety Commissioner''' at esafety.gov.au] is Australia's independent regulator for online safety.

'''Links'''
* [https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/whats-on/online-safety-act '''''Learn about the Online Safety Act''''' at esafety.gov.au]
* [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-technology-communications/internet/online-safety/current-legislation '''''Key elements of the Online Safety Act 2021''''' at infrastructure.gov.au]
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_LEGislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r6680 '''Online Safety Bill 2021''' at aph.gov.au]
* [https://foundationra.com/australia/ '''Revenge porn laws in Australia''' at foundationra.com]

= Canada =
[[File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg|thumb|right|200px|House of Commons of Canada was contemplating banning distribution of all pornography for which there are no consent declarations and proof-of-age for the people depicted.]]

The existing Canadian law ban the distribution of non-consensual disclosure of intimate images.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

== Active bills in Canada ==
=== Digital Charter Implementation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-27 ===
[https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/c-27 '''''Digital Charter Implementation Act''''' at parl.ca] or ''An Act to enact the Consumer Privacy Protection Act, the Personal Information and Data Protection Tribunal Act and the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act and to make consequential and related amendments to other Acts''

== Past bills in Canada ==
=== Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-270 ===

* [https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading House of Commons of Canada bill '''C-270''' ''''''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'''''' at parl.ca], an act to amend the [[w:Criminal Code (Canada)|Criminal Code]] regarding pornography was first read to the Commons by [[w:Arnold Viersen]] on Thursday 2022-04-28 at 10:15.

According to [https://www.townandcountrytoday.com/local-news/mp-submits-private-members-bill-for-second-time-5346232 townandcountrytoday.com] the author of the bill introduced an identical bill '''C-302''' on Thursday 2021-05-27, but that got killed off by oncoming federal elections

'''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''' - '''An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)''' is a private member's bill by Arnold Viersen ([https://www.arnoldviersen.ca/ Official Site at arnoldviersen.ca])

'''Summary of the C-270 from parl.ca'''
<blockquote>
"''This enactment amends the Criminal Code to prohibit a person from making, distributing or advertising pornographic material for commercial purposes without having first ascertained that, at the time the material was made, '''each person''' whose image is '''depicted''' in the material was '''18 years of age''' or older and '''gave their express consent''' to their image being depicted.''"</blockquote><ref name="Canada C-270">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading
|title= Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)
|last=Viersen
|first=Arnold
|date=2022-04-28
|website=parl.ca
|publisher=[[w:House of Commons of Canada]]
|access-date=2022-10-06
|quote=}}

</ref>

'''Sommaire en français / Summary in French'''
<blockquote>
''Le texte modifie le Code criminel afin d’interdire à toute personne de produire ou de distribuer du matériel pornographique à des fins commerciales, ou d’en faire la publicité, sans s’être au préalable assurée qu’au moment de la production du matériel, '''chaque personne''' dont l’image y est représentée '''était âgée de dix-huit ans''' ou plus et '''avait donné son consentement exprès''' à ce que son image y soit représentée''.</blockquote><ref>Bilingual version of C-270 https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf</ref>

'''Links'''

* [https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' in English et en français at publications.gc.ca]
* [https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/C-270 Parliament of Canada LEGISinfo: C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at parl.ca] in English
* [https://openparliament.ca/bills/44-1/C-270/ C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at openparliament.ca] includes motivation of Mr. Arnold Viersen and the co-sponsor of the bill Mr. Garnett Genuis.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.conservative.ca/mp-viersen-reintroduces-the-stopping-internet-sexual-exploitation-sise-act/ ''MP Viersen reintroduces the Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation (SISE) Act'' at conservative.ca]

----

= China =
This information should be updated.
[[File:Flag of China.png|thumb|right|200px|China passed a law requiring faked footage to be labeled as such, effective 2020-01-01]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in China ==

=== Mandatory labeling of fake media in China since 2020 ===
<section begin=China2020 />On Wednesday January 1 2020 Chinese law requiring that synthetically faked footage should bear a clear notice about its fakeness came into effect. Failure to comply could be considered a [[w:crime]] the [[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]] ([http://www.cac.gov.cn/ cac.gov.cn]) stated on its website. China announced this new law in November 2019.<ref name="Reuters2019">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-technology/china-seeks-to-root-out-fake-news-and-deepfakes-with-new-online-content-rules-idUSKBN1Y30VU
| title = China seeks to root out fake news and deepfakes with new online content rules
| last =
| first =
| date = 2019-11-29
| website = [[w:Reuters.com]]
| publisher = [[w:Reuters]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref> The Chinese government seems to be reserving the right to prosecute both users and [[w:online video platform]]s failing to abide by the rules. <ref name="TheVerge2019">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/29/20988363/china-deepfakes-ban-internet-rules-fake-news-disclosure-virtual-reality
| title = China makes it a criminal offense to publish deepfakes or fake news without disclosure
| last = Statt
| first = Nick
| date = 2019-11-29
| website =
| publisher = [[w:The Verge]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref>
<section end=China2020 />

=== Deep Synthesis Provisions 2023 ===
On Tuesday 2023-01-10 the Deep Synthesis Provisions came into effect. It was originally drafted in 2022 by the '''[[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]]''' as [https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/deep-synthesis-draft/ '''''Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis Internet Information Services''''' (Draft for solicitation of comments) at chinalawtranslate.com] or [http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-01/28/c_1644970458520968.htm view the Chinese language draft '''''国家互联网信息办公室关于《互联网信息服务深度合成管理规定（征求意见稿）》公开征求意见的通知''''' at cac.gov.cn]<ref group="1st seen in">'''Politico AI: Decoded''' mailing list Wednesday 2022-02-02</ref>.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://thediplomat.com/2023/03/chinas-new-legislation-on-deepfakes-should-the-rest-of-asia-follow-suit/ '''''China’s New Legislation on Deepfakes: Should the Rest of Asia Follow Suit?''''' at thediplomat.com] March 2023 reporting
----
= Denmark =
[[File:Animated flag GIFGIFs Denmark.gif|thumb|right|300px|Denmark is considering a novel approach against synthetic filth, by planning to give Danes copyright over their own appearance and voice, a shift from previous legislative approaches against [[synthetic human-like fakes]].]]
Denmark is currently considering changing its laws so that each Dane would have copyright over their own appearance and voice. The Danish approach is novel because it creates a [[w:Right to property|w:property right]] in one’s biometric identity, treating voice/appearance like [[w:intellectual property]], whereas the previous legislative steps elsewhere have been harms-based.

The legislative proposal comes from the Department of Culture of Denmark and is said to have massive support among MPs.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/> The planned changes to Danish copyright law will, once approved, theoretically give people in Denmark the right to demand that online platforms remove content that is in violation of a Danish human's copyright.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/> Parodies and satire get an exception and would still be permitted.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/>

{{Q|“I am extremely proud that we are now sending an unequivocal signal to all citizens that they have the right to their own body, their own voice, and their own facial features.
In a time when technology has outpaced legislation, I am pleased that so many parties in Parliament are joining to protect artists and everyday people from the digital identity theft that can now be done with just a few clicks.
We must not accept that human beings can simply go through the digital copy machine and be misused for all sorts of purposes.
Technology is developing rapidly, and in the future it will be even harder to distinguish reality from fiction in the digital world.
Therefore, it is high time that we build a safeguard against the spread of misinformation while also sending a clear signal to the tech giants.”|Jakob Engel-Schmidt, Culture Minister of Denmark (translated)<ref>https://kum.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/bred-aftale-om-deepfakes-giver-alle-ret-til-egen-krop-og-egen-stemme translation by ChatGPT</ref>|the Danish law initiative to give humans copyright to their own voice and appearance}}

'''Official'''
* [https://kum.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/bred-aftale-om-deepfakes-giver-alle-ret-til-egen-krop-og-egen-stemme '''''Bred aftale om deepfakes giver alle ret til egen krop og egen stemme''''' at kum.dk] press release of the Ministry of Culture on the new planned biometrics copyright protection bill Thursday 2025-06-26

'''Reporting'''

* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jun/27/deepfakes-denmark-copyright-law-artificial-intelligence '''''Denmark to tackle deepfakes by giving people copyright to their own features''''' at theguardian.com] by Miranda Bryant 2025-06-27<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025">
{{cite web
|last = Bryant
|first = Miranda
|date = 2025-06-27
|title = Denmark to tackle deepfakes by giving people copyright to their own features
|url = https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jun/27/deepfakes-denmark-copyright-law-artificial-intelligence
|website = theguardian.com
|location = UK
|publisher = The Guardian
|access-date = 2026-08-22
|quote = The Danish culture minister, Jakob Engel-Schmidt, said he hoped the bill before parliament would send an “unequivocal message” that everybody had the right to the way they looked and sounded. He told the Guardian: “In the bill we agree and are sending an unequivocal message that everybody has the right to their own body, their own voice and their own facial features, which is apparently not how the current law is protecting people against generative AI.”
}}
</ref>
* [https://lsj.com.au/articles/denmark-proposes-copyright-laws-to-protect-against-deepfakes/ '''''Denmark proposes copyright laws to protect against deepfakes''''' at lsj.com.au] reporting and analysis by Cat Woods 2025-07-16

----

= EU =
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|200px|The EU must address the malicious uses of AI in the law it is planning to regulate AI.]]
== Laws in the EU ==
=== Artificial Intelligence Act ===

The European Union has a law on AI called '''[[w:Artificial Intelligence Act]]'''. The European Commission proposed the AI Act in 2021. On Wednesday 2024-03-13 the MEPs adopted this law.<ref>

{{cite web
| url = https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law
| title = Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law
| last =
| first =
| date = 2024-03-13
| website = europarl.europa.eu
| publisher = [[w:European Parliament]]
| access-date = 2024-03-22
| quote = The regulation, agreed in negotiations with member states in December 2023, was endorsed by MEPs with 523 votes in favour, 46 against and 49 abstentions.
}}

</ref> The AI Act will have a key role in the effective implementation of upcoming EU [[#Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence|Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence]] and [[#Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse|Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]] that intend to protect us against synthetic pornography.

* European '''Artificial Intelligence Act''' has been approved by the member countries and is on track to be approved by April 2024.<ref>https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-artificial-intelligence-act-ai-technology-risk-rules/</ref> Read [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206 Proposal for a '''''REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL LAYING DOWN HARMONISED RULES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACT) AND AMENDING CERTAIN UNION LEGISLATIVE ACTS''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu]<ref group="1st seen in">https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/the-act/ via https://futureoflife.org/ newsletter</ref> (also contains translations)

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-europe-fit-for-the-digital-age/file-regulation-on-artificial-intelligence '''''Artificial intelligence act''''' in the Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu]

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law '''''Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a press announcement on the adoption of the Artificial Intelligence Act on Wednesday 2024-03-13.

'''Studies and information'''

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/stoa/en/document/EPRS_STU(2021)690039 '''''Tackling deepfakes in European policy''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a 2021 study by the Panel for the Future of Science and Technology and published by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]]. [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/690039/EPRS_STU(2021)690039_EN.pdf View .pdf at europarl.europa.eu]
* [https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/ '''''The EU Artificial Intelligence Act''''' at artificialintelligenceact.eu] is a website promising ''Up-to-date developments and analyses of the EU AI Act'' on the new EU law by the [https://futureoflife.org/ Future of Life Institute], an American non-profit NGO.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euractiv.com/section/artificial-intelligence/opinion/the-ai-act-vs-deepfakes-a-step-forward-but-is-it-enough/ '''''The AI Act vs. deepfakes: A step forward, but is it enough?''''' at euractiv.com], 2024-02-26 opinion piece by Cristina Vanberghen

=== Digital Services Act ===
[https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/digital-services-act-package '''The Digital Services Act''' package at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] [[w:Digital Services Act]] (DSA) came into force in November 2022.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

The Artificial Intelligence Act and Digital Services Act together will help in the enforcement of the upcoming protections to shield us from synthesis crimes.

== Bills in the EU ==
=== Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence ===
The [https://commission.europa.eu/document/28552314-3316-40b4-ae0f-17ff8ab9f43f_en '''''Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at commission.europa.eu] will require, among other things, that member states criminalize non-consensual [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|synthetic digital look-alike]] pornography in their criminal codes.

'''Official'''

* [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52022PC0105 '''''Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu] has the directive text in all languages and various formats

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-new-push-for-european-democracy/file-legislative-proposal-on-gender-based-violence '''''Legislative proposal on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''close to adoption''. (As of March 2024)

* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_649 '''''Commission welcomes political agreement on new rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-02-06 press release by the [[w:European Commission]].

* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_1533 '''''International Women's Day 2022: Commission proposes EU-wide rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-03-08 press release by the EC.

'''Unofficial'''

* [https://hateaid.org/en/eu-protects-women-from-digital-violence/ '''''Deepfakes and dick pics: EU protects women from digital violence''''' at hateaid.org], a 2024-02-07 press release by HateAid.org

* [https://futureoflife.org/ai-policy/disrupting-the-deepfake-pipeline-in-europe/ '''''Disrupting the Deepfake Pipeline in Europe''''' at futureoflife.org], 2024-02-22 article on the approach of ''Leveraging corporate criminal liability under the Violence Against Women Directive to safeguard against pornographic deepfake exploitation'' by Alexandra Tsalidis

=== Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse ===

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-promoting-our-european-way-of-life/file-combating-child-sexual-abuse-online '''''New legislation to fight child sexual abuse online''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''tabled''. (As of March 2024)
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/ '''''Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/timeline-prevention-of-online-child-sexual-abuse/ '''''Timeline - Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]

{{Q|The '''Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse''' ('''Child Sexual Abuse Regulation''', or '''CSAR''') is a [[w:European Union regulation]] proposed by the [[w:European Commissioner for Home Affairs]] [[w:Ylva Johansson]] on 11 May 2022. The stated aim of the legislation is to prevent child sexual abuse online through the implementation of a number of measures, including the establishment of a framework that would make the detection and reporting of child sexual abuse material ([[w:Child pornography|CSAM]]) by digital platforms a legal requirement within the European Union.|Wikipedia as of March 2024|[[w:Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]}}

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/02/06/new-eu-rules-will-criminalise-paedophilia-handbooks-and-deepfakes-of-child-abuse '''''New EU rules will criminalise 'paedophilia handbooks' and deepfakes of child abuse''''' at euronews.com], 2024-02-06 reporting

== Code of practice on Disinformation 2022 ==
The [https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation '''2022 Code of Practice on Disinformation''' at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] - ''Major online platforms, emerging and specialised platforms, players in the advertising industry, fact-checkers, research and civil society organisations delivered a strengthened Code of Practice on Disinformation following the Commission’s Guidance of May 2021''.<ref>https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation</ref>

= Finland =
[[File:Flag of Finland.svg|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|200px|Finland finally updated its laws in 2023 against synthetic filth attacks against adults.]]
[[File:Suomen lippu valokuva.png|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|255px|Finland strongly criminalized synthetic sexual pictures depicting children in 2011, upon the initiative of the [[w:Vanhanen II Cabinet]]]]
== Laws in Finland ==

[[File:Flag_of_Finland.svg|link=Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023|25px]] Suomeksi / in Finnish [[Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023]]

=== Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|what-is-it}}

=== Finland criminalized synthetic CSAM in 2011 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|history}}

----
= France =
[https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F32103 '''''Droit à l'image et respect de la vie privée''''' at service-public.fr] or in English [https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F32103?lang=en '''''Right to the image and respect for privacy''''' at service-public.fr] (automatic translation)

----

= Germany =
[[File:Flag of Germany.svg|thumb|right|200px|Existing German laws provide protection against appearance theft.]]
* [https://mj-cohen.com/2020/01/03/deepfakes-and-german-law/ '''''Deepfakes and German law''''' at mj-cohen.com], January 2020 summary by Maureen Cohen states that the existing German laws are well equipped rendering non-consensual digital look-alikes illegal.

----
= India =
[[File:Flag of India.svg|thumb|right|200px|India]]

'''Laws in India'''

Laws in India can be accessed through the [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/ '''India Code''' at indiacode.nic.in]

'''[[w:Information Technology Act, 2000]]'''
* Section 66. - '''Computer related offences.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=76&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66A. - Omitted. Would have been ''Punishment for sending offensive messages through communication service, etc.''
** Section 66B. - Punishment for dishonestly receiving stolen computer resource or communication device.
** Section 66C. - '''Punishment for identity theft.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=79&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66D. - '''Punishment for cheating by personation by using computer resource.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=80&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66E. - '''Punishment for violation of privacy.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=81#:~:text=Whoever%2C%20intentionally%20or%20knowingly%20captures,two%20lakh%20rupees%2C%20or%20with</ref>
** Section 66F. - Punishment for cyber terrorism.
* Section 67. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting obscene material in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=83&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67A. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material containing sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=84&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67B. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material depicting children in sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=85&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67C. - Preservation and retention of information by intermediaries.

'''[[w:Information Technology Rules, 2021]]'''

'''Past bills in India'''
* [[w:Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019]]
'''Legal compilations on the legal situation against synthetic filth in India'''
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|tclf 2023}}
* [https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916 '''''Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture''''' at livelaw.in]<ref name="Livelaw.in 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916
| title = Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture
| last = Rana
| first = Vikrant
| last2 = Gandhi
| first2 = Anuradha
| last3 = Thakur
| first3 = Rachita
| date = 2023-11-24
| website = livelaw.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-21
| quote =
}}
</ref> 2023-11-24 compilation on laws against synthetic fakes in India, by Vikrant Rana, Anuradha Gandhi and Rachita Thakur
* [https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/ '''''What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?''''' at cybercert.in]<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/
| title = What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website = cybercert.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-03-23
| quote = At present, India does not have any law specifically for deep fake cybercrime, but various other laws can be combined to deal with it.
}}
</ref>
* [https://cybercert.in/indian-cyber-laws/ '''''Cyberlaw in India''''' at cybercert.in] provides a wider look into the Indian Cyber Laws

----
= New Zealand =
[[File:Flag of New Zealand.svg|thumb|right|200px|New Zealand]]

* [https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2015/0063/latest/whole.html ''''Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015'''' at legislation.govt.nz]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing paper"/> criminalises intimate visual recordings and image-based sexual abuse.

* '''[[w:Netsafe]]''' [https://netsafe.org.nz/ netsafe.org.nz] is an online safety non-profit organisation in New Zealand. It provides educational, anti-bullying and support services. The organisation is contracted under the [[w:Harmful Digital Communications Act]] until 2026. (Wikipedia)

* [https://www.cert.govt.nz/ '''CERT.govt.nz'''], the [[w:Computer emergency response team]] of New Zealand - "''Responding to cyber security threats in New Zealand - CERT NZ is your first port of call when you need to report a cyber security problem.''"

* The '''[[w:Department of Internal Affairs]]''' investigates the possession of, and trading in, child exploitation material.<ref>https://www.police.govt.nz/advice-services/cybercrime-and-internet/online-child-safety</ref>

'''Links regarding the Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015'''
* [https://www.police.govt.nz/advice-services/cybercrime-and-internet/harmful-digital-communications-hdc ''''Harmful Digital Communications (HDC)'''' at police.govt.nz] by the [[w:New Zealand Police]]
* [https://www.justice.govt.nz/courts/civil/harmful-digital-communications/ ''''Harmful digital communications'''' at justice.govt.nz] by the [[w:Ministry of Justice (New Zealand)]]
* [https://netsafe.org.nz/what-is-the-hdca/ '''''What is the HDCA?''''' at netsafe.org.nz] by [[w:Netsafe]], the agency approved by the [[w:New Zealand Police]] to process complaints about harmful digital communications.
* See Wikipedia article on '''[[w:Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015]]''' for more info

----

= Singapore =
[[File:Flag of Singapore.svg|thumb|right|200px|Singapore]]
== Law in Singapore ==
=== Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019 ===

[[w:Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> is a [[w:statute]] of the [[w:Parliament of Singapore]] that enables authorities to tackle the spread of [[w:fake news]] or [[w:false information]]. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protection_from_Online_Falsehoods_and_Manipulation_Act_2019&oldid=1134029282 Wikipedia])

----

= South Africa =
[[File:Flag of the Republic of South Africa.svg|thumb|right|200px|[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 South Africa's relatively new Cybercrimes Act (Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020)] has been enacted only partially on Dec 1 2021]]

== Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020 ==
[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 '''South-Africa Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020''' (English / Afrikaans) at gov.za]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref> came only partially into effect on Wednesday 2021-12-01.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref>

* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-16-distribution-of-data-message-of-intimate-image/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 16 - Disclosure of data message of intimate image''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] Subsection 1 states <blockquote>''Any person (‘‘A’’) who unlawfully and intentionally discloses, by means of an electronic communications service, a data message of an intimate image of a person (‘‘B’’), without the consent of B, is guilty of an offence.''
</blockquote>

* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-17-attempting-conspiring-aiding-abetting-inducing-inciting-instigating-instructing-commanding-or-procuring-to-commit-offence/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 17 - Attempting, conspiring, aiding, abetting, inducing, inciting, instigating, instructing, commanding or procuring to commit offence''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] states
<blockquote>
Any person who unlawfully and intentionally
# attempts;
# conspires with any other person; or
# aids, abets, induces, incites, instigates, instructs, commands or procures another person, to commit an offence in terms of Part I or Part II of this Chapter, is guilty of an offence and is liable on conviction to the punishment to which a person convicted of actually committing that offence would be liable.
</blockquote>

'''Links'''
* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/ '''Cybercrimes Act''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] by Accessible Law contains the law in website format

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/ '''''Not all of the cogs in the Cybercrimes Act machine are turning at once — we still remain vulnerable''''' at dailymaverick.co.za]

----
= South Korea =
[[File:Flag of South Korea.svg|thumb|right|200px|South Korea has invested heavily in AI research and has also legislation to counter the menaces of synthetic human-like fakes.]]
== Law in South Korea ==
=== ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES ===
[https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawView.do?hseq=40947&lang=ENG '''ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES''' at elaw.klri.re.kr] is a law in South Korea.<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

----

= UK =
* {{#lst:Glossary|UK-Parliament-glossary}}
* {{#lst:Glossary|Law-Society-glossary}}

== Law against synthesis crimes in the UK ==
[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|thumb|right|200px|The UK has improved its legislation.]]

=== Anti-CSAM measures 2025 ===
On Saturday 2025-02-01 Home Secretary Yvette Cooper announced that the UK will be the 1st country in the world to<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-leading-the-way-protecting-children-from-online-predators</ref>
* "''make it illegal to possess, create or distribute AI tools designed to generate child sexual abuse material (CSAM), punishable by up to 5 years in prison''"
* "''make it illegal for anyone to possess AI ‘paedophile manuals’ which teach people how to use AI to sexually abuse children, punishable by up to 3 years in prison''"

Also a law to
* "''introduce a specific offence for predators who run websites designed for other paedophiles to share vile child sexual abuse content or advice on how to groom children, punishable by up to 10 years in prison''"

Additional powers will be given to the Border Force
* "''give Border Force the necessary powers to keep the UK safe and prevent the distribution of CSAM which is often filmed abroad by allowing officers to compel an individual who they reasonably suspect poses a sexual risk to children to unlock their digital devices for inspection, punishable by up to 3 years in prison, depending on the severity''"

Official
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-leading-the-way-protecting-children-from-online-predators '''''Britain's leading the way protecting children from online predators ''''' at gov.uk] - ''UK becomes the first country in the world to create new AI sexual abuse offences to protect children from predators generating AI images. ''

Reporting
* [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8d90qe4nylo '''''AI-generated child sex abuse images targeted with new laws''''' at bbc.com]
* [https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/02/uk/britain-criminalizes-ai-child-sex-abuse-intl-hnk/index.html '''''UK to target AI child sex abuse tools in world first legal crackdown''''' at edition.cnn.com]
* [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/2/uk-to-become-first-country-to-criminalise-ai-child-abuse-tools '''''UK to become first country to criminalise AI child abuse tools''''' at aljazeera.com]
* [https://www.voanews.com/a/uk-to-become-1st-country-to-criminalize-ai-child-abuse-tools/7959851.html '''''UK to become 1st country to criminalize AI child abuse tools''''' at voanews.com]

=== Creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in the UK 2024 ===
On Tuesday 2024-04-16 the UK announced that '''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK'''.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com]</ref> This is a very good move and next logical step would be the prohibition of non-consensually possessing other people's appearance models and voice models, as suggested in [[#Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola|Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola]]. There is really no logical reason to allow criminal leagues to legally possess and trade their libraries of models without this acquisition through covert modeling or trading and possession of raw materials (covert models) to produce the disinformation weapons being illegal.

Reporting
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''Creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com]

=== Online Safety Act 2023 ===
[[w:Online Safety Act 2023]] [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2023/50/enacted '''Online Safety Act 2023''' at legislation.gov.uk] received Royal Assent on 2023-10-26<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular</ref> and it reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.

* '''Part 4''' - '''CSEA reporting''' of the Act on CSEA reporting has not yet come into effect as of February 2024.
** Section 66 requires providers of services regulated under the Act to have systems and processes in place (so far as possible) to ensure that they report all detected and unreported CSEA content present on the service to the NCA (National Crime Agency)
** '''Offence in relation to CSEA reporting''' in Section 69
* '''Part 7''' – '''Enforcement offences'''
* '''Part 10''' - '''Communication offences''' establishes
** '''False communications offence''' in Section 179
** '''Threatening communications offence''' in Section 181
** '''Offences of sending or showing flashing images electronically''' in Section 183
** '''Offence of encouraging or assisting serious self-harm''' in Section 184
** '''Sending etc photograph or film of genitals''' in Section 187
** '''Sharing or threatening to share intimate photograph or film''' in Section 188

The Online Safety Act 2023 came to be from a House of Lords bill UK's [https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3137 '''HL Bill 151''' - '''''Online Safety Bill''''' at bills.parliament.uk] The bill originated from the House of Commons sessions 2021-22 2022-23.

* [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular '''''Online Safety Act: new criminal offences circular''''' at gov.uk] published 2024-01-31 - It is a ''circular is issued to inform the police and other relevant public authorities of certain provisions of the Online Safety Act in particular new criminal offences.''
* [https://www.ofcom.org.uk/news-centre/2023/safer-life-online-for-people-in-uk ''Creating a safer life online for people in the UK'' at ofcom.org.uk]

* [https://www.gov.uk/guidance/a-guide-to-the-online-safety-bill ''A guide to the Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/online-safety-bill ''Documents, publications and announcements relating to the government's Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]

'''Reporting and summaries of the Online Safety Act'''
* [https://www.infolaw.co.uk/newsletter/2023/11/the-online-safety-act-2023-a-primer/ '''''The Online Safety Act 2023: a primer''''' at infolaw.co.uk], a 2023 primer on the Online Safety Act by Alex Heshmaty on 2023-11-29
* [https://www.epra.org/news_items/uk-the-online-safety-act-is-now-law-ofcom-s-powers-as-online-safety-regulator-have-officially-commenced '''''UK: The Online Safety Act is now law; Ofcom’s powers as online safety regulator have officially commenced''''' at epra.org] states that there will three successive implementation phases.

=== The Domestic Abuse Act 2021 Chapter 17, part 6 - Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films ===
'''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/contents/enacted Chapter 17] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/enacted Part 6 - ''Offences involving abusive or violent behaviour''] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted ''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films'' - ''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress'']

According to the UK-based [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/ '''Revenge Porn Helpline''' at revengepornhelpline.org.uk] article [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/ '''''What to do if someone is threatening to share your intimate images'''''] threats to share intimate images with the intent to cause distress is now an offense in UK law. This is included within the '''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' which was enacted into UK law on 29th June 2021.<ref>https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/</ref>

We don't know quite yet if the bug has been fixed, that if the pictures <u>are not pictures of you</u>, but [[synthetic human-like fakes]] the police cannot do anything.

'''Links'''
* [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted '''Domestic Abuse Act 2021''' / '''Chapter 17''' / '''Part 6''' / '''''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films''''' - '''''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress''''' at legislation.gov.uk]

=== Historical about the UK law against synthesis crimes ===

The UK law was not very up-to-date on the issue of synthetic filth until recent improvements.

The independent [[w:Law Commission (England and Wales)]] reviewed the law where it applies to taking, making and sharing intimate images without consent. The outcome of the consultation was due to be published later in 2021.<ref name="BBC2021">

{{cite web
|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-55546372
|title = 'Deepfake porn images still give me nightmares'
|last = Royle
|first = Sara
|date = 2021-01-05
|website = [[w:BBC Online]]
|publisher = [[w:BBC]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = She alerted the police to the images but was told that no action could be taken. Dr Aislinn O'Connell, a lecturer in law at Royal Holloway University of London, explained that Helen's case fell outside the current law.}}

</ref>

"In 2019, law expert Dr Aislinn O’Connell told [[w:The Independent]] that our current laws on image sharing are piecemeal and not fit for purpose. In October 2018 The [[w:Women and Equalities Committee]] called on the UK Government to introduce new legislation on image-based sexual abuse in order to '''criminalise ALL''' non-consensual creation and distribution of intimate sexual images."<ref name="MortPetition2020">

{{cite web
|url = https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images
|title = Change.org petition: 'Tighten regulation on taking, making and faking explicit images'
|last = Mort
|first = Helen
|date = 2020
|website = [[w:Change.org]]
|publisher = [[w:Change.org]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = Unlike other forms of revenge porn, creating pictures or videos like this is not yet illegal in the UK, though it is in some places in the US. The police were unable to help me.}}

</ref> This call is for similar laws as California put in place on January 1 2020.

----

= USA =

[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|thumb|right|200px|Various US states have enacted state laws aimed against synthetic human-like fakes and since May 2025 through the [[w:TAKE IT DOWN Act]] USA has federal legislation against this menace. Many other [[#Past bills in the USA|federal bills have been introduced in the USA]].]]

* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker}}
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024}}
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA}}

{{#lst:Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|cybercivilrights.org law compilations}}

See also:
* [[#Current bills in the USA|Current bills in the USA]] and [[#Past bills in the USA|past bills in the USA]]
* [https://www.congress.gov/legislative-process/introduction-and-referral-of-bills '''The Legislative Process: Introduction and Referral of Bills (Video)''' at congress.gov]
* {{#lst:Glossary|US-Congress-glossary}}

== Federal laws in the USA against synthesis crimes ==
=== US Senate Act S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
The [https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/146 '''''S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act''''' at congress.gov], a bipartisan act against non-consensual intimate image-based abuse, or in other words, against naked synthetic digital look-alikes and real image-based abuse. The long name for citing this act is '''''T'''ools to '''A'''ddress '''K'''nown '''E'''xploitation by '''I'''mmobilizing '''T'''echnological '''D'''eepfakes '''o'''n '''W'''ebsites and '''N'''etworks Act'''''.

It became federal law on Monday 2025-05-19. It was passed by the House of Representatives on Monday 2025-04-28. There is a one year delay on some of the requirements of the TAKE IT DOWN Act.

* In Wikipedia [[w:TAKE IT DOWN Act]]

* [https://rainn.org/policy/take-it-down-act '''''Take It Down Act''''' summary at rainn.org] - ''Criminalizing tech-enabled sexual abuse'' - ''Join us in celebrating this landmark victory for survivors of image-based sexual abuse!''
* [https://rainn.org/news/rainn-backed-%E2%80%9Ctake-it-down-act%E2%80%9D-passes-congress '''''RAINN-Backed “Take It Down Act” Passes Congress!''''' at rainn.org] - ''HISTORIC WIN FOR VICTIMS OF TECH-ENABLED SEXUAL ABUSE: RAINN-Backed “Take It Down Act” Passes Congress!''
* [https://apnews.com/article/take-it-down-deepfake-trump-melania-first-amendment-741a6e525e81e5e3d8843aac20de8615 '''''Take It Down Act, addressing nonconsensual deepfakes and ‘revenge porn,’ passes. What is it?''''' at apnews.com], 2025-04-28 reporting by Barbara Ortutay

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.npr.org/2025/04/28/nx-s1-5380236/take-it-down-act-melania-trump '''''Congress approves a revenge porn bill backed by first lady Melania Trump''''' at npr.org], 2025-04-28 reporting by Ayana Archie
* [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/house-take-it-down-act-vote-deepfake-pornography-victims/ '''''House passes "Take it Down Act," sending revenge porn bill backed by Melania Trump to president's desk''''' at cbsnews.com], 2025-04-28 reporting by Caitlin Yilek

== Law against synthesis crimes in Virginia 2019 ==
=== Code of Virginia § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty ===
[[File:Flag of Virginia.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Virginia]], an avant-garde state. Motto "[[w:Sic semper tyrannis]]"]]

<section begin=Virginia2019 />[[File:Marcus Simon.jpeg|thumb|right|108px|Homie [[w:Marcus Simon|w:Marcus Simon]] ([http://marcussimon.com/ marcussimon.com]) is a Member of the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] and a true pioneer in legislating against synthetic filth.]] Since July 1 2019<ref>

{{Cite web
| url=https://www.fauquier.com/news/new-state-laws-go-into-effect-july/article_6e2e16c8-96b7-11e9-88d0-83a8852ef3eb.html
| title=New state laws go into effect July 1
}}

</ref> [[w:Virginia]] [[w:criminalization|w:has criminalized]] the sale and dissemination of unauthorized synthetic pornography, but not the manufacture.<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515">
{{cite web
| url = https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/
| title = § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website =
| publisher = [[w:Virginia]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref>, as section [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ § 18.2-386.2 titled ''''''Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''''''] became part of the '''[[w:Code of Virginia]]'''.

[https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/ '''Code of Virginia''' (TOC)] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/ '''Title 18.2.''' Crimes and Offenses Generally] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/ '''Chapter 8.''' Crimes Involving Morals and Decency] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title18.2/chapter8/article5/ '''Article 5.''' Obscenity and Related Offenses] » '''Section''' [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ § '''18.2-386.2.''' Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty]

The [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ section '''§ 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''' of Virginia] is as follows:
<blockquote>
'''A'''. ''Any [[w:person]] who, with the [[w:Intention (criminal law)|w:intent]] to [[w:coercion|w:coerce]], [[w:harassment|w:harass]], or [[w:intimidation|w:intimidate]], [[w:Malice_(law)|w:malicious]]ly [[w:dissemination|w:disseminates]] or [[w:sales|w:sells]] any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever that [[w:Depiction|w:depicts]] another person who is totally [[w:nudity|w:nude]], or in a state of undress so as to expose the [[w:sex organs|w:genitals]], pubic area, [[w:buttocks]], or female [[w:breast]], where such person knows or has reason to know that he is not [[w:license]]d or [[w:authorization|w:authorized]] to disseminate or sell such [[w:Video|w:videographic]] or [[w:Film still|w:still image]] is [[w:Guilt (law)|w:guilty]] of a Class 1 [[w:Misdemeanor#United States|w:misdemeanor]]. ''
::For purposes of this subsection, "another person" includes a person whose image was used in creating, adapting, or modifying a videographic or still image with the intent to depict an actual person and who is recognizable as an actual person by the person's [[w:face]], [[w:Simulacrum|w:likeness]], or other distinguishing characteristic.''

'''B'''. ''If a person uses [[w:Service (economics)|w:services]] of an [[w:Internet service provider]], an electronic mail service provider, or any other information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server in committing acts prohibited under this section, such provider shall not be held responsible for violating this section for content provided by another person.''

'''C.''' ''Venue for a prosecution under this section may lie in the [[w:jurisdiction]] where the unlawful act occurs or where any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever is produced, reproduced, found, stored, received, or possessed in violation of this section.''

'''D.''' ''The provisions of this section shall not preclude prosecution under any other [[w:statute]].''<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515"/>

The identical bills were [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+HB2678 House Bill 2678] presented by [[w:Delegate (American politics)|w:Delegate]] [[w:Marcus Simon]] to the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] on January 14 2019 and three day later an identical [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+SB1736 Senate bill 1736] was introduced to the [[w:Senate of Virginia]] by Senator [[w:Adam Ebbin]].
</blockquote>
<section end=Virginia2019 />

== Law against synthesis crimes in Texas 2019 ==
=== Texas SB 751 - Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election ===
[[File:Flag of Texas.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Texas]], the Lone Star State has protected the political candidates, but not ordinary folk against synthetic filth.]]

<section begin=Texas2019 />On September 1 2019 [[w:Texas Senate]] bill [https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/86R/billtext/html/SB00751F.htm '''SB 751''' - '''''Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election'''''] [[w:amendment]]s to the election code came into effect in the [[w:Law of Texas]], giving [[w:candidates]] in [[w:elections]] a '''30-day protection period''' to the elections during which making and distributing digital look-alikes or synthetic fakes of the candidates is an offense. The law text defines the subject of the law as "''a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality''"<ref name="TexasSB751">

{{cite web
|url= https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751
|title= Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election
|last=
|first=
|date= 2019-06-14
|website=
|publisher= [[w:Texas]]
|access-date= 2021-01-23
|quote= In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality}}

</ref> SB 751 was introduced to the Senate by [[w:Bryan Hughes (politician)]].<ref name="Texas SB 751 history">https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751</ref>

<section end=Texas2019 />

The text of '''S.B. No. 751''' is as follows
<blockquote>
'''''AN ACT relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election.'''''

''BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:''

SECTION 1. ''[https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/EL/htm/EL.255.htm Section 255.004, Election Code], is [[w:Amend (motion)|w:amended]] by adding Subsections (d) and (e) to read as follows:''
* ('''d''') ''A person commits an offense if the person, with intent to injure a candidate or influence the result of an election:''
*# '''''creates''' a [[w:deepfake|deep fake]] video; and''
*# ''causes the deep fake video to be '''published''' or '''distributed''' within '''30 days''' of an '''election'''.''
* ('''e''') ''In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the '''intent to deceive''', that '''appears to depict''' a real person performing an action that '''did not occur''' in '''reality'''.''
SECTION 2. ''This Act takes effect September 1, 2019.''
</blockquote>
----

* [[w:Texas Legislature]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in California 2020 ==
=== California AB-602 - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action ===
[[File:Flag of California.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:California]] moved later than Virginia, but it outlawed also the manufacture of synthetic filth on Jan 1 2020.]]

<section begin=California2020 />[[File:Marc Berman.jpg|thumb|120px|right|Homie [[w:Marc Berman|w:Marc Berman]], a righteous fighter for our human rights in this age of industrial disinformation filth and an Assemblymember of the [[w:California State Assembly]], most loved for authoring [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 '''AB-602''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''], which came into effect on Jan 1 2020, banning both the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted.]] January 1 2020 <ref name="KFI2019">

{{cite web
|url= https://kfiam640.iheart.com/content/2019-12-30-here-are-the-new-california-laws-going-into-effect-in-2020/
|title= Here Are the New California Laws Going Into Effect in 2020
|last= Johnson
|first= R.J.
|date= 2019-12-30
|website= [[KFI]]
|publisher= [[iHeartMedia]]
|access-date= 2021-01-23
|quote=}}

</ref> the [[w:California]] [[w:State law (United States)|w:US state law]] '''[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 "AB-602 ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''."]''' came into effect in the [[w:California Civil Code|civil code]] of the [[w:California Codes]] banning the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted. AB-602 provides victims of synthetic pornography with [[w:injunction|w:injunctive relief]] and poses legal threats of [[w:statutory damages|w:statutory]] and [[w:punitive damages]] on [[w:criminal]]s making or distributing synthetic pornography without consent. The bill AB-602 was signed into law by California [[w:Governor (United States)|w:Governor]] [[w:Gavin Newsom]] on October 3 2019 and was authored by [[w:California State Assembly]]member [[w:Marc Berman]] and an identical Senate bill was coauthored by [[w:California State Senate|w:California Senator]] [[w:Connie Leyva]].<ref name="OpenStates AB 602">

{{cite web
|url=https://openstates.org/ca/bills/20192020/AB602/
|title=AB 602 - California Assembly Bill 2019-2020 Regular Session - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action.
|last=
|first=
|date=
|website=openstates.org
|publisher=openstates.org
|access-date=2021-03-24
|quote=}}

</ref><ref name="CNET2019">

{{cite web
| last = Mihalcik
| first = Carrie
| title = California laws seek to crack down on deepfakes in politics and porn
| website = [[w:cnet.com]]
| publisher = [[w:CNET]]
| date = 2019-10-04
| url = https://www.cnet.com/news/california-laws-seek-to-crack-down-on-deepfakes-in-politics-and-porn/
| access-date = 2021-01-23
}}

</ref> [https://trackbill.com/bill/california-assembly-bill-602-depiction-of-individual-using-digital-or-electronic-technology-sexually-explicit-material-cause-of-action/1690501/ AB602 at trackbill.com]
<section end=California2020 />

[[File:Connie Leyva 2015.jpg|thumb|right|240px|[[w:California]] [[w:California State Senate|w:Senator]] [[w:Connie Leyva]] sponsored [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB564&showamends=false '''California Senate Bill SB 564''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''] in Feb '''2019''' and the Senate Bill was [https://www.sagaftra.org/action-alert-support-california-bill-end-deepfake-porn endorsed by SAG-AFTRA], but the Assembly Bill AB-602 authored by [[w:California State Assembly]]member [[w:Marc Berman]] was the one that became law on 1 January 2020 in the [[w:California Civil Code|w:California Civil Code]] of the [[w:California Codes]].]]

'''Introduction''' by [https://a24.asmdc.org/ Assemblymember Marc Berman]:

'''AB 602''', Berman. '''''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action'''''.

Existing law creates a private [[w:Cause of action|w:right of action]] against a person who intentionally distributes a photograph or recorded image of another that exposes the intimate body parts of that person or of a person engaged in a sexual act '''without the person’s consent''' if specified conditions are met.

This bill would provide that a '''depicted individual''', as defined, has a '''[[w:cause of action]] against''' a person who '''either'''
* (1) '''creates''' and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material if the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted''' individual '''did not [[w:consent]]''' to its creation or disclosure or
* (2) who '''intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create if the person knows the '''depicted''' individual '''did not consent''' to its creation.

The bill would specify exceptions to those provisions, including if the material is a matter of legitimate public concern or a work of political or newsworthy value.

The bill would authorize a prevailing [[w:plaintiff]] who suffers harm to seek [[w:Injunction|w:injunctive]] relief and recover reasonable [[w:attorney’s fee]]s and costs as well as specified monetary [[w:damages]], including [[w:Statutory damages|statutory]] and [[w:punitive damages]].

'''The law is as follows''':
<blockquote>
SECTION 1. Section 1708.86 is added to the [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codesTOCSelected.xhtml?tocCode=CIV&tocTitle=+Civil+Code+-+CIV Civil Code of California], to read:

'''1708.86.''' ('''a''') '''For purposes of this section''':
* (1) “''Altered depiction''” means a performance that was actually performed by the depicted individual but was subsequently altered to be in violation of this section.
* (2) “''Authorized Representative''” means an attorney, talent agent, or personal manager authorized to represent a depicted individual if the depicted individual is represented.
* (3) (A) “''Consent''” means an agreement written in plain language signed knowingly and voluntarily by the depicted individual that includes a general description of the sexually explicit material and the audiovisual work in which it will be incorporated.
* (3) (B) A depicted individual may rescind consent by delivering written notice within three business days from the date consent was given to the person in whose favor consent was made, unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:
:**(i) The depicted individual is given at least 72 hours to review the terms of the agreement before signing it.
:**(ii) The depicted individual’s authorized representative provides written approval of the signed agreement.
* (4) “''Depicted individual''” means an individual who appears, as a result of digitization, to be giving a performance they did not actually perform or to be performing in an altered depiction.
* (5) “''Despicable conduct''” means conduct that is so vile, base, or contemptible that it would be looked down on and despised by a reasonable person.
* (6) “''Digitization''” means to realistically depict any of the following:
** (A) The nude body parts of another human being as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
** (B) Computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
** (C) The depicted individual engaging in sexual conduct in which the depicted individual did not engage.
* (7) “''Disclose''” means to publish, make available, or distribute to the public.
* (8) “''Individual''” means a natural person.
* (9) “''Malice''” means that the defendant acted with intent to cause harm to the plaintiff or despicable conduct that was done with a willful and knowing disregard of the rights of the plaintiff. A person acts with knowing disregard within the meaning of this paragraph when they are aware of the probable harmful consequences of their conduct and deliberately fail to avoid those consequences.
* (10) “''Nude''” means visible genitals, pubic area, anus, or a female’s postpubescent nipple or areola.
* (11) “''Person''” means a human being or legal entity.
* (12) “''Plaintiff''” includes cross-plaintiff.
* (13) “''Sexual conduct''” means any of the following:
** (A) Masturbation.
** (B) Sexual intercourse, including genital, oral, or anal, whether between persons regardless of sex or gender or between humans and animals.
** (C) Sexual penetration of the vagina or rectum by, or with, an object.
** (D) The transfer of semen by means of sexual conduct from the penis directly onto the depicted individual as a result of ejaculation.
** (E) Sadomasochistic abuse involving the depicted individual.
(14) “''Sexually explicit material''” means any portion of an audiovisual work that shows the depicted individual performing in the nude or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct.

('''b''') '''A depicted individual has a cause of action against''' a person who does '''either of the following''':
* (1) '''Creates and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material''' and the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted individual''' in that material '''did not consent''' to its creation or disclosure.
* (2) '''Intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create and the person knows the depicted individual in that material '''did not consent''' to the creation of the sexually explicit material.

('''c''') (1) A person is '''not liable''' under this section in either of the following circumstances:
* (A) The person discloses the sexually explicit material in the course of any of the following:
:** (i) Reporting unlawful activity.
:** (ii) Exercising the person’s law enforcement duties.
:**(iii) Hearings, trials, or other legal proceedings.
* (B) The material is any of the following:
:** (i) A matter of legitimate public concern.
:** (ii) A work of political or newsworthy value or similar work.
:** (iii) Commentary, criticism, or disclosure that is otherwise protected by the California Constitution or the United States Constitution.
* (2) For purposes of this subdivision, sexually explicit material is not of newsworthy value solely because the depicted individual is a public figure.

('''d''') It shall not be a defense to an action under this section that there is a disclaimer included in the sexually explicit material that communicates that the inclusion of the depicted individual in the sexually explicit material was unauthorized or that the depicted individual did not participate in the creation or development of the material.

('''e''') (1) A prevailing plaintiff who suffers harm as a result of the violation of subdivision (b) may recover any of the following:
* (A) An amount equal to the monetary gain made by the defendant from the creation, development, or disclosure of the sexually explicit material.
* (B) One of the following:
:** (i) Economic and noneconomic damages proximately caused by the disclosure of the sexually explicit material, including damages for emotional distress.
:** (ii) Upon request of the plaintiff at any time before the final judgment is rendered, the plaintiff may instead recover an award of statutory damages for all unauthorized acts involved in the action, with respect to any one work, as follows:
:** (I) A sum of not less than one thousand five hundred dollars ($1,500) but not more than thirty thousand dollars ($30,000).
:** (II) If the unlawful act was committed with malice, the award of statutory damages may be increased to a maximum of one hundred fifty thousand dollars ($150,000).
* (C) Punitive damages.
* (D) Reasonable attorney’s fees and costs.
* (E) Any other available relief, including injunctive relief.
(2) The remedies provided by this section are cumulative and shall not be construed as restricting a remedy that is available under any other law.

('''f''') An action under this section shall be commenced no later than three years from the date the unauthorized creation, development, or disclosure was discovered or should have been discovered with the exercise of reasonable diligence.

('''g''') The provisions of this section are severable. If any provision of this section or its application is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions.
</blockquote>
<ref name="CaliforniaStateLaw AB 602">
{{Citation
| title = "AB-602 Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action."
| first = Marc
| last = Berman
| author-link = w:Marc Berman
| first2 = Connie
| last2 = Leyva
| author2-link = w:Connie Leyva
| series =
| year = 2019
| publisher = [[w:California]]
| url = https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602
}}

</ref>

----

* [[w:California State Legislature]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in Georgia in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of Georgia (U.S. state) II.png|thumb|right|200px|Georgia's motto is ''"Wisdom, Justice, Moderation"'' and one could say it is well manifested in how their law against synthetic filth [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html '''GA CODE § 16-11-90'''] is thought out and written.]]
=== Georgia Code § 16-11-90 ===

'''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/ Georgia Code]''' / '''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ Title 16. Crimes and Offenses]''' [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html Chapter 11 "Offenses Against Public Order and Safety", Article 3 "Invasions of Privacy", Part 3 "Invasion of privacy" '''GA CODE § 16-11-90''']
<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list">https://cybercivilrights.org/deep-fake-laws/</ref>

'''The law is''' as of April 14, 2021<ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com" /> as follows:
<blockquote>
('''a''') As used in this Code section, the term:

* ('''1''') “''Harassment''” means engaging in conduct directed at a depicted person that is intended to cause substantial emotional harm to the depicted person.

* ('''2''') “''Nudity''” means:

::* (A) The showing of the human male or female genitals, pubic area, or buttocks without any covering or with less than a full opaque covering;

::* (B) The showing of the female breasts without any covering or with less than a full opaque covering; or

::* (C) The depiction of covered male genitals in a discernibly turgid state.

* ('''3''') “''Sexually explicit conduct” shall have the same meaning as set forth in Code Section 16-12-100 .

('''b''') '''A person violates this Code section if he or she, knowing the content of a transmission or post, knowingly and without the consent of the depicted person''':

* ('''1''') '''Electronically transmits or posts''', in one or more transmissions or posts, a photograph or video which depicts nudity or sexually explicit conduct of an adult, '''including a falsely created videographic or still image''', when the transmission or post is harassment or causes financial loss to the depicted person and serves no legitimate purpose to the depicted person; or

* ('''2''') '''Causes the electronic transmission or posting''', in one or more transmissions or posts, of a photograph or video which depicts nudity or sexually explicit conduct of an adult, '''including a falsely created videographic or still image''', when the transmission or post is harassment or causes financial loss to the depicted person and serves no legitimate purpose to the depicted person.

:Nothing in this Code section shall be construed to impose liability on an interactive computer service, as such term is defined in 47 U.S.C. 230(f)(2) , or an information service or telecommunications service, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. 153 , for content provided by another person.

('''c''') Any person who violates this Code section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of a high and aggravated nature; provided, however, that upon a second or subsequent violation of this Code section, he or she shall be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by imprisonment of not less than one nor more than five years, a fine of not more than $100,000.00, or both.

('''d''') A person shall be '''subject to prosecution in this state''' pursuant to Code Section 17-2-1 for any conduct made unlawful by this Code section which the person engages in while:

* ('''1''') '''Either within''' or '''outside of this state''' if, by such conduct, the person commits a violation of this Code section which involves an '''individual who resides in this state'''; or

* ('''2''') '''Within this state''' if, by such conduct, the person commits a violation of this Code section which involves an '''individual who resides within or outside this state'''.

('''e''') The provisions of subsection (b) of this Code section shall not apply to:

* ('''1''') The activities of law enforcement and prosecution agencies in the investigation and prosecution of criminal offenses;

* ('''2''') Legitimate medical, scientific, or educational activities;

* ('''3''') Any person who transmits or posts a photograph or video depicting only himself or herself engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct;

* ('''4''') The transmission or posting of a photograph or video that was originally made for commercial purposes;

* ('''5''') Any person who transmits or posts a photograph or video depicting a person voluntarily engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct in a public setting; or

* ('''6''') A transmission that is made pursuant to or in anticipation of a civil action.

('''f''') There shall be a rebuttable presumption that an information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server, including specifically a service or system that provides access to the Internet, for content provided by another person, does not know the content of an electronic transmission or post.

('''g''') Any violation of this Code section shall constitute a separate offense and shall not merge with any other crimes set forth in this title.</blockquote><ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com">

{{cite web
|url=https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html
|title=Georgia Code Title 16. Crimes and Offenses § 16-11-90
|last=
|first=
|date=2021-04-14
|website=[[w:FindLaw]]
|publisher=[[w:Georgia (U.S. state)]]
|access-date=2022-01-04
|quote=}}

</ref>

== Law against synthesis crimes in New York State in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of New York.svg|thumb|right|200px|New York State]]
=== New York State - CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy SECTION 52-C - Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual ===
[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/-CH6 '''CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights'''] [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/A5 '''ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual '''SECTION 52-C''' - '''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual''']<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list" />

'''The law is as follows:'''
<blockquote>
<big>'''§ 52-c''' - '''''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual.''''' </big><sup>Obs: There are 2 § 52-c's</sup>

'''1. For the purposes of this section:'''

* '''a.''' "'''''depicted individual'''''" means an individual who '''appears''', as a result of digitization, '''to be giving a performance they did not actually perform''' or '''to be performing in a performance that was actually performed by the depicted individual but was subsequently altered to be in violation of this section'''.

* '''b.''' "'''''digitization'''''" means to '''realistically depict the nude body parts of another human being as the nude body parts of the depicted individual''', '''computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the depicted individual''' or the '''depicted individual engaging in sexual conduct''', as defined in subdivision ten of section 130.00 of the penal law, '''in which the depicted individual did not engage'''.

* '''c.''' "''individual''" means a natural person.

* '''d.''' "''person''" means a human being or legal entity.

* '''e.''' "''sexually explicit material''" means any portion of an audio visual work that shows the depicted individual performing in the nude, meaning with an unclothed or exposed intimate part, as defined in section 245.15 of the penal law, or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct, as defined in subdivision ten of section 130.00 of the penal law.

'''2. a.''' A depicted individual shall have a '''cause of action''' against a person who, '''discloses''', '''disseminates''' or '''publishes''' sexually explicit material related to the depicted individual, and the person knows or reasonably should have known the depicted individual in that material '''did not consent''' to its '''creation''', disclosure, dissemination, or publication.

* '''b.''' It shall '''not be a defense''' to an action under this section that '''there is a disclaimer''' in the sexually explicit material that communicates that the inclusion of the depicted individual in the sexually explicit material was unauthorized or that the depicted individual did not participate in the creation or development of the material.

'''3. a.''' A depicted individual may only consent to the creation, disclosure, dissemination, or publication of sexually explicit material by knowingly and voluntarily signing an agreement written in plain language that includes a general description of the sexually explicit material and the audiovisual work in which it will be incorporated.

* '''b.''' A depicted individual may rescind consent by delivering written notice within three business days from the date consent was given to the person in whose favor consent was made, unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:

:* i. the depicted individual is given at least three business days to review the terms of the agreement before signing it; or

:* ii. if the depicted individual is represented, the attorney, talent agent, or personal manager authorized to represent the depicted individual provides additional written approval of the signed agreement.

'''4. a.''' A person is not liable under this section if:

:* i. the person discloses, disseminates or publishes the sexually explicit material in the course of reporting unlawful activity, exercising the person's law enforcement duties, or hearings, trials or other legal proceedings; or

:* ii. the sexually explicit material is a matter of legitimate public concern, a work of political or newsworthy value or similar work, or commentary, criticism or disclosure that is otherwise protected by the constitution of this state or the United States; provided that sexually explicit material shall not be considered of newsworthy value solely because the depicted individual is a public figure.

'''5.''' In any action commenced pursuant to this section, the finder of fact, in its discretion, '''may award injunctive relief''', '''punitive damages''', '''compensatory damages''', and '''reasonable court costs''' and '''attorney's fees'''.

'''6.''' A cause of action or special proceeding under this section shall be commenced the later of either:

* '''a.''' three years after the dissemination or publication of sexually explicit material; or

* '''b.''' one year from the date a person discovers, or reasonably should have discovered, the dissemination or publication of such sexually explicit material.

'''7.''' Nothing in this section shall be read to require a prior criminal complaint, prosecution or conviction to establish the elements of the cause of action provided for in this section.

'''8.''' The provisions of this section including the remedies are in addition to, and shall not supersede, any other rights or remedies available in law or equity.

'''9.''' If any provision of this section or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of this section which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this section are severable.

'''10.''' Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit, or to enlarge, the protections that 47 U.S.C. § 230 confers on an interactive
computer service for content provided by another information content provider, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. § 230.</blockquote><ref name="New York State Civil Rights CHAPTER 6, ARTICLE 5, SECTION 52-C">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual
|title= SECTION 52-C Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual
|last=
|first=
|date=2021-11-12
|website=nysenate.gov
|publisher=[[w:New York State Legislature]]
|access-date=2021-01-04
|quote=}}

</ref>

== Law against synthesis crimes in Florida 2025 ==
[https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2025/1161/?Tab=BillHistory '''''CS/CS/HB 1161: Removal of Altered Sexual Depictions Posted without Consent''''' at flsenate.gov] is set to become law in 2025

'''Reporting'''
* [https://floridapolitics.com/archives/733939-brookes-law-giving-deepfake-victims-recourse-against-platforms-will-head-to-governors-desk/ '''''‘Brooke’s Law,’ giving deepfake victims recourse against platforms, heads to Governor’s desk''''' at floridapolitics.com], April 2025 reporting by A.G. Gancarski

== Current bills in the USA ==

== 119th Congress ==
=== Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2025 (DEFIANCE Act of 2025) (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1837 '''''Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2025 (DEFIANCE Act of 2025)''''' at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of the US Senate bill S. 3696 - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images and Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024 (DEFIANCE Act of 2024) (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3696/text '''''S.3696 - DEFIANCE Act of 2024''''' at congress.gov], a bipartisan Senate bill against synthetic filth.

* [https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record/volume-170/issue-17/senate-section/article/S289-2 '''''Introductory Statement on S. 3696; Congressional Record Vol. 170, No. 17''''' at congress.gov] 2024-01-30
* [https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/press/releases/durbin-graham-klobuchar-hawley-introduce-defiance-act-to-hold-accountable-those-responsible-for-the-proliferation-of-nonconsensual-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-and-videos '''''Durbin, Graham, Klobuchar, Hawley Introduce DEFIANCE Act to Hold Accountable Those Responsible for the Proliferation of Nonconsensual, Sexually-Explicit “Deepfake” Images and Videos''''' at judiciary.senate.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>
* [https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118s3696is '''''S. 3696 (IS) - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024''''' at govinfo.gov]
* [https://www.durbin.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/defiance_act_of_2024.pdf '''DEFIANCE Act of 2024''' at durbin.senate.gov] explains that it would create ''a federal civil remedy for victims who are identifiable in a “digital forgery"''.

'''Reporting and commentary on DEFIANCE Act of 2024 bill'''
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/jan/30/taylor-swift-ai-deepfake-nonconsensual-sexual-images-bill '''''Taylor Swift AI images prompt US bill to tackle nonconsensual, sexual deepfakes''''' at theguardian.com]
* [https://www.theverge.com/2024/1/30/24056385/congress-defiance-act-proposed-ban-nonconsensual-ai-porn '''''Lawmakers propose anti-nonconsensual AI porn bill after Taylor Swift controversy''''' at theverge.com]

=== Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===

[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1027/text '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act)''''' at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of US House bill H.R.7123 - Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7123/text?s=1&r=3 '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-of-artificial-intelligence/the-terrifying-ai-scam-that-uses-your-loved-ones-voice</ref>

=== H.R.1941 - Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
This is a reintroduction of the older US House bill H.R. 3106 - Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3106/text '''''Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act''''' at congress.gov] was introduced in the House on 2023-05-05. It was [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/9631 a reintroduction of H.R. 9631 from the 117th Congress].

== State bills ==
=== NY Senate bill S6278 in the 2025-2026 regular session ===
This bill was reintroduced as [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S6278 S6278] to the 2025-2026 session.

[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S5583 '''NY Senate bill S5583 in the 2023-2024 regular session''' at nysenate.gov] would establish ''the crime of aggravated harassment by means of electronic or digital communication and provides for a private right of action for the unlawful dissemination or publication of deep fakes''.

== Past bills in the USA ==

=== US House bill H.R.6943 - No AI FRAUD Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6943/text '''No Artificial Intelligence Fake Replicas And Unauthorized Duplications Act of 2024''' or the ('''No AI FRAUD Act''') at congress.gov] was introduced to the 118th Congress 2nd session on 2024-01-24.<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>

=== US House bill H.R.5586 - Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023 (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5586/text “Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023” or the “DEEPFAKES Accountability Act” at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of earlier House bill H.R.3230 to the 118th Congress (2023-2024 session)

=== US Senate bill S1641 - Preventing Rampant Online Technological Exploitation and Criminal Trafficking Act of 2022 - (117th Congress) ===
The bill known as [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/4991/text?r=4&s=1 Senate bill '''S.4991''' - ''''''PROTECT Act'''''' at congress.gov] was read by Senator [[w:Mike Lee]] on Wednesday 2022-09-28 twice.

=== New York Senate bill - Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material - in regular session 2021-2022 ===
[[File:Flag of New York (1909–2020).png|thumb|right|200px|[[w:New York State Legislature]] regular session 2021-2022 is contemplating the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York senate bill '''S1641'''] and identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 assembly bill '''A6517'''] to ban sending unsolicited pornography.]]

Bill '''''Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material'''''' is essentially a bill that aims to ban sending unsolicited nudes.

In the 2021-2022 [[w:New York State Senate]] regular sessions, on 2021-01-14 Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored and Senators [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) and [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] of the New York State Senate co-sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law]. On 2021-03-19 an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] was introduced to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] by Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]).<ref group="1st seen in">

First seen in the [https://trackbill.com/search/#/related=%7B%22id%22:%221690501%22,%22state%22:%22CA%22,%22session%22:%222019%22,%22billId%22:%22AB602%22%7D&direction=desc&page=1&resultsPerPage=25&sort=relevancy&tracked&upcoming_hearings&type=bills&state=all&session suggestions for similar bills for Bills similar to CA AB602 by trackbill.com].

</ref>

If this bill passes it will be codified in the [[w:Consolidated Laws of New York]]. View the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York''' at nysenate.gov].

* '''Title of bill''': ''An act to amend the penal law, in relation to the creation of the criminal offense of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''

* '''Purpose''': ''The purpose of this bill is to make it unlawful to send sexually explicit material through electronic means unless the material is sent at the request of, or with the express consent of the recipient.''

* '''Summary of provisions''': Adds a '''new section 250.70''' to the penal law making it ''unlawful to knowingly transmit by electronic means visual material that depicts any person engaging in sexual conduct or with a person's intimate parts exposed unless the material is sent at the request of, or with the express consent of the recipient.

* '''Justification''': ''Currently under New York State law, indecent exposure in person is a crime, but it is not unlawful to send sexually explicit photos to nonconsenting adult recipients through electronic transmission. With the growing modem age of online dating, many individuals are receiving sexually explicit visual content without their consent from strangers. No person should be forced to view sexually explicit material without their consent.''

''The bill offers a clear deterrent to those considering sending unsolicited sexual pics and similar inappropriate conduct, and protects the
unwilling recipients who currently have no legal recourse for such abuses.

''What is illegal in the real world must be illegal in the digital world, and this legislation is a first step in the right direction in adding that accountability.''

* '''Legislative history''':
*# Senate - 2020 - S5949 Referred to Codes
*# Assembly - 2020 - A7801 Referred to Codes

* '''Fiscal implications''': ''Minimal''

* '''Effective date''': ''This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law.''

The text of the bill is, as of 2021-03-24, as follows:

:"Section 1. The penal law is amended by adding a new section 250.70 to read as follows:

:'''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL'''''.

:A person is guilty of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material if a person knowingly transmits by electronic means visual material that depicts any person engaging in sexual conduct or with a person's intimate parts exposed or depicts the covered genitals of a male person that are in a discernibly turgid state and such visual material is not sent at the request of or with the express consent of the recipient. For purposes of this section the term "intimate parts" means the naked genitals, pubic area, anus, or female postpubescent nipple of the person and the term "sexual conduct" shall have the same meaning as defined in [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/130.00 section 130.00 (Sex offenses; definitions of terms)] of this chapter. Unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material is a class a misdemeanor.

:'''§ 2'''. This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law."

----
<gallery>
File:Nopic.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law].
File:LIRR Elmont, Brian Benjamin (cropped).jpg|thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Todd_Kaminsky_Head_Shot.jpg||thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Aileen_Gunther.jpg|thumb|260px|NY Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]) presented an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] on 2021-03-19.
* [[w:New York State Legislature]]
</gallery>

=== US Senate bill - Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - 2019-2020 US Senate session (116th Congress) ===
The Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act (SISE) was a bill introduced to the 2019-2020 session of the US Senate.
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/5054?r=1&s=1 US Senate Bill ''''''S.5054''' - '''Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''''' at congress.gov]

=== US House bill - H.R.3230 - DEEP FAKES Accountability Act (116th Congress) ===

* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230/text '''H.R.3230''' - '''''DEEP FAKES Accountability Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> also known as ''Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2019'' and it aimed to include requirements for producers of synthetic human-like fakes '' to generally comply with certain [[w:Digital watermarking|w:digital watermark]] and disclosure requirements''.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230</ref>

=== US Senate bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress) ===
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/3805/text '''S.3805''' - '''''Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry">
Chatting with ChatGPT 2023

* First I asked ChatGPT to "''list some legislative approaches against so-called "deep fakes" or "deepfakes"''" and it mentioned the Singaporean [[#Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]] and the [[#Bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress)]]

</ref> aimed at criminalizing synthesizing human-likeness media for intent of breaking federal, state, local or tribal law

----

----

= Law proposals =
== Law proposals against synthetic filth by [[User:Juho Kunsola|Juho Kunsola]] ==

* '''Audience''': Developed with suitability for national, supranational and UN treaty levels.
* '''Writing context''':
** Written from context of inclusion to '''criminal codes'''.
** I'm a Finn so this has been worded to fit in the [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1889/18890039001#L24 Chapter 24 of the Criminal Code of Finland (in Finnish at finlex.fi)] titled "''Offences against privacy, public peace and personal reputation''"
** [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039 Access the English translations of the Finnish Criminal Code at finlex.fi] or [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039_20150766.pdf go straight to the latest .pdf from 2016]. Chapter 24 starts on page 107.
* '''History''': This version is an evolution of a Finnish language original written in 2016.

[[File:Suomen lippu valokuva.png|right|thumb|260px|[[w:Finland]] has very logical and very [https://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/ accessible laws], but also here we need updating of the laws for this age of industrial disinformation.]]

Existing law in <big>Chapter 24. of the Finnish Criminal Code - "''Offences against privacy, public peace and personal reputation''"</big> seems to be ineffective against many [[synthetic human-like fakes|synthetic human-like fake attack]] and seems it could be used to frame victims for crimes with [[synthetic human-like fakes#Digital sound-alikes|digital sound-alikes]].

The portions affected by or affecting the synthetic filth situation in bold font:

* Section 1 - Invasion of domestic premises (879/2013)
* Section 1(a) - '''Harassing communications''' (879/2013)
* Section 2 - Aggravated invasion of domestic premises (531/2000)
* Section 3 - Invasion of public premises (585/2005)
* Section 4 - Aggravated invasion of public premises (531/2000)
* Section 5 - '''Eavesdropping''' (531/2000)
* Section 6 - '''Illicit observation''' (531/2000)
* Section 7 - '''Preparation of eavesdropping or illicit observation''' (531/2000)
* Section 8 - '''Dissemination of information violating personal privacy''' (879/2013)
* Section 8(a) - '''Aggravated dissemination of information violating personal privacy''' (879/2013)
* Section 9 - '''Defamation''' (879/2013)
* Section 10 - '''Aggravated defamation''' (879/2013)
* Section 11 - Definition (531/2000)
* Section 12 - '''Right to bring charges''' (879/2013)
* Section 13 - '''Corporate criminal liability''' (511/2011)

[[File:The-diffuse-reflection-deducted-from-the-specular-reflection-Debevec-2000.png|thumb|right|260px|Subtraction of the diffuse reflection from the specular reflection. Image is scaled for luminocity. Diffuse reflection is acquired by placing polarizers in 90 degree angle and specular with 0 degree angle.
<br /><br />
[[:File:Deb-2000-reflectance-separation.png|Original picture]] by [[w:Paul Debevec|Debevec]] et al. - Copyright ACM 2000 https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=311779.344855]]

=== Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth ===

==== §1 Models of human appearance ====

A '''model of human appearance''' means
::* A realistic '''3D model'''
::* A '''[[Glossary#Bidirectional reflectance distribution function|7D bidirectional reflectance distribution function]] model'''
::* A '''direct-to-2D''' capable [[w:machine learning]] model
::* Or a model made with any technology whatsoever, that looks deceivingly like the target person.

==== §2 Producing synthetic pornography ====
Making '''projections''', still or videographic, where targets are portrayed in a '''nude''' or in a '''sexual situation''' from models of human appearance defined in §1 '''without express consent''' of the targets is '''illegal'''.

==== §3 Distributing synthetic pornography ====
'''Distributing''', '''making available''', '''public display''', '''purchase''', '''sale''', '''yielding''', '''import''' and '''export''' of non-authorized '''synthetic pornography''' defined in §2 are '''punishable'''.<ref group="footnote">People who are found in possession of this synthetic pornography should probably not be penalized, but rather advised to get some help.</ref>

==== §4 Aggravated producing and distributing synthetic pornography ====
If the media described in §2 or §3 is made or distributed with the '''intent''' to '''frame for a crime''' or for '''blackmail''', the crime should be judged as '''aggravated'''.

==== Afterwords ====
The original idea I had was to ban both the raw materials i.e. the models to make the visual synthetic filth and also the end product weaponized synthetic pornography, but then in July 2019 it appeared to me that [[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]] could really help in this age of industrial disinformation if it were built, trained and operational. Banning modeling of human appearance was in conflict with the revised plan.

It is safe to assume that collecting permissions to model each pornographic recording is not plausible, so an interesting question is that can we ban covert modeling from non-pornographic pictures, while still retaining the ability to model all porn found on the Internet.

In case we want to pursue banning modeling people's appearance from non-pornographic images/videos without explicit permission be pursued it must be <font color="green">formulated</font> so that this <font color="red">'''does not make'''</font> <big>'''[[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]]'''</big> <font color="red">illegal</font> / <font color="red">impossible</font>. This would seem to lead to a weird situation where modeling a human from non-pornographic media would be illegal, but modeling from pornography legal.

=== Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice ===
{{#ev:youtube|0sR1rU3gLzQ|360px|right|[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sR1rU3gLzQ Video 'This AI Clones Your Voice After Listening for 5 Seconds' by '2 minute papers' at YouTube] describes the voice thieving machine by Google Research in [[w:NeurIPS|w:NeurIPS]] 2018.}}

'''Motivation''': The current situation where the criminals can freely trade and grow their libraries of stolen voices is unwise.

==== §1 Unauthorized modeling of a human voice ====
'''Acquiring''' such a '''model of a human's voice''', that '''deceptively resembles''' some '''dead''' or '''living''' person's voice and the '''possession''', '''purchase''', '''sale''', '''yielding''', '''import''' and '''export''' '''without''' the '''express consent''' of the target are '''punishable'''.

==== §2 Application of unauthorized voice models ====
'''Producing''' and '''making available''' media from covert voice models defined in §1 is '''punishable'''.

==== §3 Aggravated application of unauthorized voice models ====
If the produced media is for a '''purpose''' to
::* '''frame''' a '''human''' target or targets for '''crimes'''
::* to attempt '''extortion''' or
::* to '''defame the target''',
the crime should be judged as '''aggravated'''.

----

= Resources and reporting on law =

== AI and law in general ==

[[File:LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg|thumb|right|340px|[[w:Library of Congress]] ([https://loc.gov/ loc.gov]) reading room]]

''' Reviews and regulation '''
From the '''[[w:Library of Congress]]''':

* [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/index.php ''''''Regulation of Artificial Intelligence'''''' at loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/compsum.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Comparative Summary' at loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/international.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: International and Regional Approaches' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/americas.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: The Americas and the Caribbean' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/asia-pacific.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: East/South Asia and the Pacific' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/europe-asia.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Europe and Central Asia' loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/middleeast-northafrica.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Middle East and North Africa' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/africa.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Sub-Saharan Africa' (loc.gov)]

'''[[w:Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher|w:Gibson Dunn & Crutcher]]''' (gibsondunn.com) publishes a quarterly legal update on 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems'. Gibson Dunn & Crutcher is a global [[w:law firm|w:law firm]], founded in Los Angeles in 1890.
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-4q18/ ''''''Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update'''''' Quarter 4 2018 at Gibson & Dunn]
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-1q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 1 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-2q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 2 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-3q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 3 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-automated-systems-legal-update-4q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 4 2019']

''' From Europe'''
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|180px|The [[w:European Union]]'s [[w:European Parliament|Parliament]]'s [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] on [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives].]]
* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf ''''''The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives'''''' (.pdf) at europarl.europa.eu], a March 2020 study by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] Starting from page 37 the .pdf lists organizations in the field.

== Synthetic filth in the law and media ==
* [https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4409&context=vlr ''''''"The New Weapon of Choice": Law's Current Inability to Properly Address Deepfake Pornography'''''' at scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu], October 2020 Notes by Anne Pechenik Gieseke published in the The [[w:Vanderbilt Law Review]], the flagship [[w:academic journal]] of [[w:Vanderbilt University Law School]].
* [https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/07/08/deepfakes-and-synthetic-media-in-financial-system-assessing-threat-scenarios-pub-82237 ''''''Deepfakes and Synthetic Media in the Financial System: Assessing Threat Scenarios'''''' at carnegieendowment.org], a 2020-07-08 assessment identifies some types of criminalities that can be made using [[synthetic human-like fakes]].
* [https://ssri.duke.edu/news/don%E2%80%99t-believe-your-eyes-or-ears-weaponization-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-and ''''''Don’t Believe Your Eyes (or Ears): The Weaponization of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deepfakes'''''' at ssri.duke.edu], an October 2019 news article by Joe Littell, published by the Social Science Research Institute at the [[w:Duke University]]
* [https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/dltr/vol17/iss1/4/ ''''''Deepfakes: False Pornography Is Here and the Law Cannot Protect You'''''' at scholarship.law.duke.edu], published in 2019 in the [[w:Duke Law Journal|Duke Law Journal]], a student-run law review.
* [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-20/deepfake-porn-political-ads-push-states-to-curb-rampant-ai-use '''''States Are Rushing to Regulate Deepfakes as AI Goes Mainstream''''' at bloomberg.com] (paywalled), June 2023 reporting on US legislation against synthetic human-like fakes. It lists CA, WA, WY, MN, TX, GA and VA as having anti-deepfake laws and lists LA, IL, MA and NJ as planning to legislate.

== The countries that have unfortunately banned full face veil ==

{{Q|There are currently 16 nations that have banned the burqa (not to be confused with the hijab), including [[w:Tunisia]],<ref name="reuters.com">

{{cite news
|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-tunisia-niqab-security-idUKKCN1U01CH
|title= Tunisian PM bans wearing of niqab in public institutions
|date=5 July 2019
|access-date=2021-03-13
|newspaper= Reuters
}}

</ref> [[w:Austria]], [[w:Denmark]], [[w:France]], [[w:Belgium]], [[w:Tajikistan]], [[w:Latvia]],<ref name="independent.co.uk">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/islamic-muslim-face-veil-niqab-burqa-banned-latvia-despite-being-worn-by-just-three-women-entire-a6993991.html
|title=A European government has banned Islamic face veils despite them being worn by just three women
|date=21 April 2016
|access-date=2021-03-13
}}

</ref> [[w:Bulgaria]],<ref>

[https://www.smh.com.au/world/bulgaria-the-latest-european-country-to-ban-the-burqa-and-niqab-in-public-places-20160930-grss9q.html Bulgaria the latest European country to ban the burqa and [niqab in public places], Smh.com.au: accessed 5 December 2016.

</ref> [[w:Cameroon]], [[w:Chad]], [[w:Congo-Brazzaville]], [[w:Gabon]], [[w:Netherlands]],<ref>
{{cite news
|last1=Halasz
|first1=Stephanie
|last2=McKenzie
|first2=Sheena
|title=The Netherlands introduces burqa ban in some public spaces
|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/27/europe/netherlands-partial-burqa-ban-intl/index.html
|access-date=2021-03-13
|agency=CNN
|issue=27 June 2018
|publisher=CNN
|date=27 June 2018
}}

</ref> [[w:China]],<ref>
{{cite news
|last1=Phillips
|first1=Tom
|title=China bans burqa in capital of Muslim region of Xinjiang
|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/11342070/China-bans-burqa-in-capital-of-Muslim-region-of-Xinjiang.html
|access-date=2021-03-13
|agency=The Telegraph
|issue=13 January 2015
|newspaper=The Telegraph
|date=13 January 2015
}}

</ref> [[w:Morocco]], and [[w:Switzerland]].|Wikipedia|[[w:Hijab by country]] as of 2021-03-13}}

Taking into consideration these times of industrial disinformation, it is vicious and uncivilized to have laws banning wearing a the full face veil in public.

== Quotes on the current laws and their application ==
{{#lst:Quotes|FinalLineOfDefenseForTheTimeBeing}}

----

= Footnotes =
<references group="footnote" />

= 1st seen in =
<references group="1st seen in" />

= References =
<references />

[[Category:In English]]
[[Category:Law]]
[[Category:Antifake]]

Synthetic human-like fakes

2025-08-22T11:49:29Z

Juho Kunsola: /* Real-time digital look-and-sound-alike fraud in 2024 */ + '''''Arup lost $25mn in Hong Kong deepfake video conference scam''''' at ft.com] reporting by Cheng Leng and Chan Ho-him 2025-05-17

'''Definitions'''
<section begin=definitions-of-synthetic-human-like-fakes />
When the '''[[Glossary#No camera|camera does not exist]]''', but the subject being imaged with a simulation of a (movie) camera deceives the watcher to believe it is some living or dead person it is a '''[[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|digital look-alike]]'''.

In 2017-2018 this started to be referred to as [[w:deepfake]], even though altering video footage of humans with a computer with a deceiving effect is actually 20 yrs older than the name "deep fakes" or "deepfakes".<ref name="Bohacek and Farid 2022 protecting against fakes">

{{cite journal
| last1 = Boháček
| first1 = Matyáš
| last2 = Farid
| first2 = Hany
| date = 2022-11-23
| title = Protecting world leaders against deep fakes using facial, gestural, and vocal mannerisms
| url = https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2216035119
| journal = [[w:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]]
| volume = 119
| issue = 48
| pages =
| doi = 10.1073/pnas.221603511
| access-date = 2023-01-05
}}

</ref><ref name="Bregler1997">

{{cite journal
| last1 = Bregler
| first1 = Christoph
| last2 = Covell
| first2 = Michele
| last3 = Slaney
| first3 = Malcolm
| date = 1997-08-03
| title = Video Rewrite: Driving Visual Speech with Audio
| url = https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Research/Projects/CS/vision/human/bregler-sig97.pdf
| journal = SIGGRAPH '97: Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
| volume =
| issue =
| pages = 353-360
| doi = 10.1145/258734.258880
| access-date = 2022-09-09
}}

</ref>

When it cannot be determined by human testing or media forensics whether some fake voice is a synthetic fake of some person's voice, or is it an actual recording made of that person's actual real voice, it is a pre-recorded '''[[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital sound-alikes|digital sound-alike]]'''. This is now commonly referred to as [[w:audio deepfake]].

'''Real-time digital look-and-sound-alike''' in a video call was used to defraud a substantial amount of money in 2023.<ref name="Reuters real-time digital look-and-sound-alike crime 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.reuters.com/technology/deepfake-scam-china-fans-worries-over-ai-driven-fraud-2023-05-22/
| title = 'Deepfake' scam in China fans worries over AI-driven fraud
| last =
| first =
| date = 2023-05-22
| website = [[w:Reuters.com]]
| publisher = [[w:Reuters]]
| access-date = 2023-06-05
| quote =
}}
</ref>
<section end=definitions-of-synthetic-human-like-fakes />
::[[Synthetic human-like fakes|Read more about '''synthetic human-like fakes''']], see and support '''[[organizations and events against synthetic human-like fakes]]''' and what they are doing, what kinds of '''[[Laws against synthesis and other related crimes]]''' have been formulated, [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Timeline of synthetic human-like fakes|examine the SSFWIKI '''timeline''' of synthetic human-like fakes]] or [[Mediatheque|view the '''Mediatheque''']].

[[File:Screenshot at 27s of a moving digital-look-alike made to appear Obama-like by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed 2018.png|thumb|right|480px|link=Mediatheque/2018/Obama's appearance thieved - a public service announcement digital look-alike by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Obama-like-fake-2018}}]]

[[File:BlV1999-morphable-model-till-match-low-res-rip.png|thumb|right|460px|Image 2 (low resolution rip) shows a 1999 technique for sculpting a morphable model, till it matches the target's appearance.
<br/>(1) Sculpting a morphable model to one single picture
<br/>(2) Produces 3D approximation
<br/>(4) Texture capture
<br/>(3) The 3D model is rendered back to the image with weight gain
<br/>(5) With weight loss
<br/>(6) Looking annoyed
<br/>(7) Forced to smile

<small>Image 2 by Blanz and Vettel – Copyright ACM 1999 – http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=311535.311556 – Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page.</small>]]

== Digital look-alikes ==

{{#ev:youtube|LWLadJFI8Pk|400px|right|It is recommended that you watch ''In Event of Moon Disaster - FULL FILM'' (2020) at the '''[https://moondisaster.org/ moondisaster.org''' project website] (where it has interactive portions) by the [https://virtuality.mit.edu/ Center for Advanced Virtuality] of the [[w:Massachusetts Institute of Technology|w:MIT]]}}

=== Introduction to digital look-alikes ===
[[File:Deb-2000-reflectance-separation.png|thumb|360px|right|Image 1: Separating specular and diffuse reflected light

<br/> <br />

(a) Normal image in dot lighting
<br/><br/>
(b) Image of the diffuse reflection which is caught by placing a vertical polarizer in front of the light source and a horizontal in the front the camera
<br/><br/>
(c) Image of the highlight specular reflection which is caught by placing both polarizers vertically
<br/><br/>
(d) Subtraction of c from b, which yields the specular component
<br/><br/>
Images are scaled to seem to be the same luminosity.
<br/><br/>
<small>Original image by Debevec et al. – Copyright ACM 2000 – https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=311779.344855 – Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page.</small>]]

[[File:The-diffuse-reflection-deducted-from-the-specular-reflection-Debevec-2000.png|thumb|left|260px|Subtraction of the diffuse reflection from the specular reflection yields the specular component of the model's reflectance.
<br /><br />
<small>[[:File:Deb-2000-reflectance-separation.png|Original picture]] by [[w:Paul Debevec]] et al. - Copyright ACM 2000 https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=311779.344855</small>]]

In the cinemas we have seen digital look-alikes for over 20 years. These digital look-alikes have "clothing" (a simulation of clothing is not clothing) or "superhero costumes" and "superbaddie costumes", and they don't need to care about the laws of physics, let alone laws of physiology. It is generally accepted that digital look-alikes made their public debut in the sequels of The Matrix i.e. [[w:The Matrix Reloaded]] and [[w:The Matrix Revolutions]] released in 2003. It can be considered almost certain, that it was not possible to make these before the year 1999, as the final piece of the puzzle to make a (still) digital look-alike that passes human testing, the [[Glossary#Reflectance capture|reflectance capture]] over the human face, was made for the first time in 1999 at the [[w:University of Southern California]] and was presented to the crème de la crème
of the computer graphics field in their annual gathering SIGGRAPH 2000.<ref name="Deb2000">
{{cite book
| last = Debevec
| first = Paul
| author-link = Paul Debevec
| chapter = Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face
| journal =
| pages = 145–156
| publisher = ACM
| year = 2000
| chapter-url = http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=344855
| chapter-format =
| doi = 10.1145/344779.344855
| accessdate = 2020-06-27
| title = Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques - SIGGRAPH '00
| isbn = 978-1581132083
}}</ref>

{{#lst:Quotes|MatrixTrad}}

=== The problems with digital look-alikes ===

Extremely unfortunately for the humankind, organized criminal leagues, that posses the '''weapons capability''' of making believable looking '''synthetic pornography''', are producing on industrial production pipelines '''terroristic synthetic pornography'''<ref group="footnote" name="About the term terroristic synthetic pornography">It is terminologically more precise, more inclusive and more useful to talk about 'terroristic synthetic pornography', if we want to talk about things with their real names, than 'synthetic rape porn', because also synthesizing recordings of consentual looking sex scenes can be terroristic in intent.</ref> by animating digital look-alikes and distributing it in the murky Internet in exchange for money stacks that are getting thinner and thinner as time goes by.

These industrially produced pornographic delusions are causing great human suffering, especially in their direct victims, but they are also tearing our communities and societies apart, sowing blind rage, perceptions of deepening chaos, feelings of powerlessness and provoke violence.

These kinds of '''hate illustration''' increases and strengthens hate feeling, hate thinking, hate speech and hate crimes and tears our fragile social constructions apart and with time perverts humankind's view of humankind into an almost unrecognizable shape, unless we interfere with resolve.

'''Children-like sexual abuse images'''

Sadly by 2023 there is a market for synthetic human-like sexual abuse material that looks like children. See [https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-65932372 ''''''Illegal trade in AI child sex abuse images exposed'''''' at bbc.com] 2023-06-28 reports [[w:Stable Diffusion]] being abused to produce this kind of images. The [[w:Internet Watch Foundation]] also reports on the alarming existence of production of synthetic human-like sex abuse material portraying minors. See [https://www.iwf.org.uk/news-media/news/prime-minister-must-act-on-threat-of-ai-as-iwf-sounds-alarm-on-first-confirmed-ai-generated-images-of-child-sexual-abuse/ ''''''Prime Minister must act on threat of AI as IWF ‘sounds alarm’ on first confirmed AI-generated images of child sexual abuse'''''' at iwf.org.uk] (2023-08-18)

=== Fixing the problems from digital look-alikes ===

We need to move on 3 fields: [[Laws against synthesis and other related crimes|legal]], technological and cultural.

'''Technological''': Computer vision system like [[FacePinPoint.com]] for seeking unauthorized pornography / nudes used to exist 2017-2021 and could be revived if funding is found. It was a service practically identical with SSFWIKI original concept [[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]].

'''Legal''': Legislators around the planet have been waking up to this reality that not everything that seems a video of people is a video of people and various laws have been passed to protect humans and humanity from the menaces of synthetic human-like fakes, mostly digital look-alikes so far, but hopefully humans will be protected also fro other aspects of synthetic human-like fakes by laws. See [[Laws against synthesis and other related crimes]]

=== Age analysis and rejuvenating and aging syntheses ===

* [https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.03750 ''''''An Overview of Two Age Synthesis and Estimation Techniques'''''' at arxiv.org] [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.03750.pdf (.pdf)], submitted for review on 2020-01-26
* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0925231220309942 ''''''Dual Reference Age Synthesis'''''' at sciencedirect.com] [https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.02671.pdf (preprint at arxiv.org)] published on 2020-10-21 in [[w:Neurocomputing (journal)]]
* [https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6084154 ''''''A simple automatic facial aging/rejuvenating synthesis method'''''' at ieeexplore.ieee.org] [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220755281_Automatic_Facial_AgingRejuvenating_Synthesis_Method read free at researchgate.net], published at the proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics
* [https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5406526 ''''''Age Synthesis and Estimation via Faces: A Survey'''''' at ieeexplore.ieee.org] (paywall) [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/46288561_Age_Synthesis_and_Estimation_via_Faces_A_Survey at researchgate.net] published November 2010

=== Temporal limit of digital look-alikes ===
[[File:Institut Lumière - CINEMATOGRAPHE Camera.jpg|thumb|left|120px|A picture of the 1895 [[w:Cinematograph]]]]

[[w:History of film technology]] has information about where the border is.

Digital look-alikes cannot be used to attack people who existed before the technological invention of film. For moving pictures the breakthrough is attributed to [[w:Auguste and Louis Lumière]]'s [[w:Cinematograph]] premiered in Paris on 28 December '''1895''', though this was only the commercial and popular breakthrough, as even earlier moving pictures exist. (adapted from [[w:History of film]])

The '''[[w:Kinetoscope]]''' is an even earlier motion picture exhibition device. A prototype for the Kinetoscope was shown to a convention of the National Federation of Women's Clubs on May 20, 1891.<ref name="memory.loc.gov">

{{cite web
|publisher=[[w:Library of Congress]]
|website=Memory.loc.gov
|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/edhtml/edmvhist.html
|title=Inventing Entertainment: The Early Motion Pictures and Sound Recordings of the Edison Companies
|access-date=2020-12-09
}}

</ref> The first public demonstration of the Kinetoscope was held at the [[w:Brooklyn Museum|Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences]] on '''May 9''', '''1893'''. ([[w:Kinetoscope|Wikipedia]])<ref name="memory.loc.gov"/>

----

== Digital sound-alikes ==
=== University of Florida published an antidote to synthetic human-like fake voices in 2022 ===

'''2022''' saw a brilliant '''<font color="green">counter-measure</font>''' presented to peers at the 31st [[w:USENIX]] Security Symposium 10-12 August 2022 by [[w:University of Florida]] <u><big>'''[[Detecting deep-fake audio through vocal tract reconstruction]]'''</big></u>.

The university's foundation has applied for a patent and let us hope that they will [[w:copyleft]] the patent as this protective method needs to be rolled out to protect the humanity.

'''Below transcluded [[Detecting deep-fake audio through vocal tract reconstruction|from the article]]'''

{{#lst:Detecting deep-fake audio through vocal tract reconstruction|what-is-it}} {{#lst:Detecting deep-fake audio through vocal tract reconstruction|original-reporting}}

'''This new counter-measure needs to be rolled out to humans to protect humans against the fake human-like voices.'''

{{#lst:Detecting deep-fake audio through vocal tract reconstruction|embed}}

=== On known history of digital sound-alikes ===
[[File:Helsingin-Sanomat-2012-David-Martin-Howard-of-University-of-York-on-apporaching-digital-sound-alikes.jpg|right|thumb|338px|A picture of a cut-away titled "''Voice-terrorist could mimic a leader''" from a 2012 [[w:Helsingin Sanomat]] warning that the sound-like-anyone machines are approaching. Thank you to homie [https://pure.york.ac.uk/portal/en/researchers/david-martin-howard(ecfa9e9e-1290-464f-981a-0c70a534609e).html Prof. David Martin Howard] of the [[w:University of York]], UK and the anonymous editor for the heads-up.]]

The first English speaking digital sound-alikes were first introduced in 2016 by Adobe and Deepmind, but neither of them were made publicly available.
<section begin=GoogleTransferLearning2018 />
Then in '''2018''' at the '''[[w:Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems]]''' (NeurIPS) the work [http://papers.nips.cc/paper/7700-transfer-learning-from-speaker-verification-to-multispeaker-text-to-speech-synthesis 'Transfer Learning from Speaker Verification to Multispeaker Text-To-Speech Synthesis'] ([https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.04558 at arXiv.org]) was presented. The pre-trained model is able to steal voices from a sample of only '''5 seconds''' with almost convincing results

The Iframe below is transcluded from [https://google.github.io/tacotron/publications/speaker_adaptation/ ''''''Audio samples from "Transfer Learning from Speaker Verification to Multispeaker Text-To-Speech Synthesis"'''''' at google.gituhub.io], the audio samples of a sound-like-anyone machine presented as at the 2018 [[w:NeurIPS]] conference by Google researchers.

Have a listen.

{{#Widget:Iframe - Audio samples from Transfer Learning from Speaker Verification to Multispeaker Text-To-Speech Synthesis by Google Research}}

Observe how good the "VCTK p240" system is at deceiving to think that it is a person that is doing the talking.

<section end=GoogleTransferLearning2018 />

''' Reporting on the sound-like-anyone-machines '''
* [https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2019/05/06/artificial-intelligence-can-now-copy-your-voice-what-does-that-mean-for-humans/#617f6d872a2a '''"Artificial Intelligence Can Now Copy Your Voice: What Does That Mean For Humans?"''' May 2019 reporting at forbes.com] on [[w:Baidu Research]]'es attempt at the sound-like-anyone-machine demonstrated at the 2018 [[w:NeurIPS]] conference.

The to the right [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sR1rU3gLzQ video 'This AI Clones Your Voice After Listening for 5 Seconds' by '2 minute papers' at YouTube] describes the voice thieving machine presented by Google Research in [[w:NeurIPS|w:NeurIPS]] 2018.

{{#ev:youtube|0sR1rU3gLzQ|640px|right|Video [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sR1rU3gLzQ video 'This AI Clones Your Voice After Listening for 5 Seconds' by '2 minute papers' at YouTube] describes the voice thieving machine by Google Research in [[w:NeurIPS|w:NeurIPS]] 2018.}}

In November 2024, Nvidia researchers announced they have made and trained a [https://fugatto.github.io/ Foundational Generative Audio Transformer (Opus 1) at fugatto.github.io] or Fugatto for short.

The researchers state ''Fugatto is a versatile audio synthesis and transformation model capable of following
free-form text instructions with optional audio inputs. ''<ref>https://research.nvidia.com/publication/2024-11_fugatto-1-foundational-generative-audio-transformer-opus-1</ref>

=== Documented crimes with digital sound-alikes ===
In 2019 reports of crimes being committed with digital sound-alikes started surfacing. As of Jan 2022 no reports of other types of attack than fraud have been found.

==== 2019 digital sound-alike enabled fraud ====
By 2019 digital sound-alike anyone technology found its way to the hands of criminals. In '''2019''' [[w:NortonLifeLock|Symantec]] researchers knew of 3 cases where digital sound-alike technology had been used for '''[[w:crime]]'''.<ref name="Washington Post reporting on 2019 digital sound-alike fraud" />

Of these crimes the most publicized was a fraud case in March 2019 where 220,000€ were defrauded with the use of a real-time digital sound-alike.<ref name="WSJ original reporting on 2019 digital sound-alike fraud" /> The company that was the victim of this fraud had bought some kind of cyberscam insurance from French insurer [[w:Euler Hermes]] and the case came to light when Mr. Rüdiger Kirsch of Euler Hermes informed [[w:The Wall Street Journal]] about it.<ref name="Forbes reporting on 2019 digital sound-alike fraud" />

''' Reporting on the 2019 digital sound-alike enabled fraud '''
* [https://www.wsj.com/articles/fraudsters-use-ai-to-mimic-ceos-voice-in-unusual-cybercrime-case-11567157402 '''''Fraudsters Used AI to Mimic CEO’s Voice in Unusual Cybercrime Case''''' at wsj.com] original reporting, date unknown, updated 2019-08-30<ref name="WSJ original reporting on 2019 digital sound-alike fraud">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/fraudsters-use-ai-to-mimic-ceos-voice-in-unusual-cybercrime-case-11567157402
|title=Fraudsters Used AI to Mimic CEO’s Voice in Unusual Cybercrime Case
|last=Stupp
|first=Catherine
|date=2019-08-30
|website=[[w:wsj.com]]
|publisher=[[w:The Wall Street Journal]]
|access-date=2022-01-01
|quote=}}

</ref>

* [https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-48908736 '''"Fake voices 'help cyber-crooks steal cash''''" at bbc.com] July 2019 reporting <ref name="BBC reporting on 2019 digital sound-alike fraud">
{{cite web
|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-48908736
|title= Fake voices 'help cyber-crooks steal cash'
|last=
|first=
|date= 2019-07-08
|website= [[w:bbc.com]]
|publisher= [[w:BBC]]
|access-date= 2020-07-22
|quote= }}
</ref>
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/09/04/an-artificial-intelligence-first-voice-mimicking-software-reportedly-used-major-theft/ '''"An artificial-intelligence first: Voice-mimicking software reportedly used in a major theft"''' at washingtonpost.com] documents a [[w:fraud]] committed with digital sound-like-anyone-machine, July 2019 reporting.<ref name="Washington Post reporting on 2019 digital sound-alike fraud">
{{cite web
|url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/09/04/an-artificial-intelligence-first-voice-mimicking-software-reportedly-used-major-theft/
|title= An artificial-intelligence first: Voice-mimicking software reportedly used in a major theft
|last= Drew
|first= Harwell
|date= 2020-04-16
|website= [[w:washingtonpost.com]]
|publisher= [[w:Washington Post]]
|access-date= 2019-07-22
|quote=Researchers at the cybersecurity firm Symantec said they have found at least three cases of executives’ voices being mimicked to swindle companies. Symantec declined to name the victim companies or say whether the Euler Hermes case was one of them, but it noted that the losses in one of the cases totaled millions of dollars.}}
</ref>
* [https://www.forbes.com/sites/jessedamiani/2019/09/03/a-voice-deepfake-was-used-to-scam-a-ceo-out-of-243000/ '''''A Voice Deepfake Was Used To Scam A CEO Out Of $243,000''''' at forbes.com], 2019-09-03 reporting<ref name="Forbes reporting on 2019 digital sound-alike fraud">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jessedamiani/2019/09/03/a-voice-deepfake-was-used-to-scam-a-ceo-out-of-243000/
|title=A Voice Deepfake Was Used To Scam A CEO Out Of $243,000
|last=Damiani
|first=Jesse
|date=2019-09-03
|website=[[w:Forbes.com]]
|publisher=[[w:Forbes]]
|access-date=2022-01-01
|quote=According to a new report in The Wall Street Journal, the CEO of an unnamed UK-based energy firm believed he was on the phone with his boss, the chief executive of firm’s the German parent company, when he followed the orders to immediately transfer €220,000 (approx. $243,000) to the bank account of a Hungarian supplier. In fact, the voice belonged to a fraudster using AI voice technology to spoof the German chief executive. Rüdiger Kirsch of Euler Hermes Group SA, the firm’s insurance company, shared the information with WSJ.}}

</ref>

==== 2020 digital sound-alike fraud attempt ====
In June 2020 fraud was attempted with a poor quality pre-recorded digital sound-alike with delivery method was voicemail. ([https://soundcloud.com/jason-koebler/redacted-clip '''Listen to a redacted clip''' at soundcloud.com]) The recipient in a tech company didn't believe the voicemail to be real and alerted the company and they realized that someone tried to scam them. The company called in Nisos to investigate the issue. Nisos analyzed the evidence and they were certain it was a fake, but had aspects of a cut-and-paste job to it. Nisos prepared [https://www.nisos.com/blog/synthetic-audio-deepfake/ a report titled '''''"The Rise of Synthetic Audio Deepfakes"''''' at nisos.com] on the issue and shared it with Motherboard, part of [[w:Vice (magazine)]] prior to its release.<ref name="Vice reporting on 2020 digital sound-alike fraud attempt">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/pkyqvb/deepfake-audio-impersonating-ceo-fraud-attempt
|title=Listen to This Deepfake Audio Impersonating a CEO in Brazen Fraud Attempt
|last=Franceschi-Bicchierai
|first=Lorenzo
|date=2020-07-23
|website=[[w:Vice.com]]
|publisher=[[w:Vice (magazine)]]
|access-date=2022-01-03
|quote=}}

</ref>

==== 2021 digital sound-alike enabled fraud ====

<section begin=2021 digital sound-alike enabled fraud />The 2nd publicly known fraud done with a digital sound-alike<ref group="1st seen in" name="2021 digital sound-alike fraud case">https://www.reddit.com/r/VocalSynthesis/</ref> took place on Friday 2021-01-15. A bank in Hong Kong was manipulated to wire money to numerous bank accounts by using a voice stolen from one of the their client company's directors. They managed to defraud $35 million of the U.A.E. based company's money.<ref name="Forbes reporting on 2021 digital sound-alike fraud">https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2021/10/14/huge-bank-fraud-uses-deep-fake-voice-tech-to-steal-millions/</ref>. This case came into light when Forbes saw [https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21085009-hackers-use-deep-voice-tech-in-400k-theft a document] where the U.A.E. financial authorities were seeking administrative assistance from the US authorities towards recovering a small portion of the defrauded money that had been sent to bank accounts in the USA.<ref name="Forbes reporting on 2021 digital sound-alike fraud" />

'''Reporting on the 2021 digital sound-alike enabled fraud'''

* [https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2021/10/14/huge-bank-fraud-uses-deep-fake-voice-tech-to-steal-millions/ '''''Fraudsters Cloned Company Director’s Voice In $35 Million Bank Heist, Police Find''''' at forbes.com] 2021-10-14 original reporting
* [https://www.unite.ai/deepfaked-voice-enabled-35-million-bank-heist-in-2020/ '''''Deepfaked Voice Enabled $35 Million Bank Heist in 2020''''' at unite.ai]<ref group="1st seen in" name="2021 digital sound-alike fraud case" /> reporting updated on 2021-10-15
* [https://www.aiaaic.org/aiaaic-repository/ai-and-algorithmic-incidents-and-controversies/usd-35m-voice-cloning-heist '''''USD 35m voice cloning heist''''' at aiaaic.org], October 2021 AIAAIC repository entry
<section end=2021 digital sound-alike enabled fraud />

'''More fraud cases with digital sound-alikes'''
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/03/05/ai-voice-scam/ '''''They thought loved ones were calling for help. It was an AI scam.''''' at washingtonpost.com], March 2023 reporting

=== Example of a hypothetical 4-victim digital sound-alike attack ===
A very simple example of a digital sound-alike attack is as follows:

Someone puts a digital sound-alike to call somebody's voicemail from an unknown number and to speak for example illegal threats. In this example there are at least two victims:

# Victim #1 - The person whose voice has been stolen into a covert model and a digital sound-alike made from it to frame them for crimes
# Victim #2 - The person to whom the illegal threat is presented in a recorded form by a digital sound-alike that deceptively sounds like victim #1
# Victim #3 - It could also be viewed that victim #3 is our law enforcement systems as they are put to chase after and interrogate the innocent victim #1
# Victim #4 - Our judiciary which prosecutes and possibly convicts the innocent victim #1.

=== Examples of speech synthesis software not quite able to fool a human yet ===
Some other contenders to create digital sound-alikes are though, as of 2019, their speech synthesis in most use scenarios does not yet fool a human because the results contain tell tale signs that give it away as a speech synthesizer.

* '''[https://lyrebird.ai/ Lyrebird.ai]''' [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xxDBlZu__Xk (listen)]
* '''[https://candyvoice.com/ CandyVoice.com]''' [https://candyvoice.com/demos/voice-conversion (test with your choice of text)]
* '''[https://cstr-edinburgh.github.io/merlin/ Merlin]''', a [[w:neural network]] based speech synthesis system by the Centre for Speech Technology Research at the [[w:University of Edinburgh]]
* [https://papers.nips.cc/paper/8206-neural-voice-cloning-with-a-few-samples ''''Neural Voice Cloning with a Few Samples''' at papers.nips.cc], [[w:Baidu Research]]'es shot at sound-like-anyone-machine did not convince in '''2018'''

=== Temporal limit of digital sound-alikes ===
[[File:Edison_and_phonograph_edit1.jpg|thumb|left|210px|[[w:Thomas Edison]] and his early [[w:phonograph]]. Cropped from [[w:Library of Congress]] copy, ca. 1877, (probably 18 April 1878)]]

The temporal limit of whom, dead or living, the digital sound-alikes can attack is defined by the '''[[w:history of sound recording]]'''.

The article starts by mentioning that the invention of the [[w:phonograph]] by [[w:Thomas Edison]] in '''1877''' is considered the start of sound recording.

The '''phonautograph''' is the earliest known device for recording [[w:sound]]. Previously, tracings had been obtained of the sound-producing vibratory motions of [[w:tuning forks]] and other objects by physical contact with them, but not of actual sound waves as they propagated through air or other media. Invented by Frenchman [[W:Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville]], it was patented on March 25, '''1857'''.<ref name="NPR-Phonautograph">

{{Cite news
|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=89380697
|title=1860 'Phonautograph' Is Earliest Known Recording
|last=Flatow
|first=Ira|date=April 4, 2008|work=NPR
|access-date=2012-12-09
|language=en}}

</ref>

Apparently, it did not occur to anyone before the 1870s that the recordings, called '''phonautograms''', contained enough information about the sound that they could, in theory, be '''used to recreate it'''. Because the phonautogram tracing was an insubstantial two-dimensional line, direct physical playback was impossible in any case. Several phonautograms recorded '''before 1861''' were successfully played as sound in '''2008''' by optically scanning them and using a computer to process the scans into digital audio files. ([[w:Phonautograph|Wikipedia]])

[[File:Spectrogram-19thC.png|thumb|right|640px|A [[w:spectrogram]] of a male voice saying 'nineteenth century']]

=== What should we do about digital sound-alikes? ===

Living people can defend<ref group="footnote" name="judiciary maybe not aware">Whether a suspect can defend against faked synthetic speech that sounds like him/her depends on how up-to-date the judiciary is. If no information and instructions about digital sound-alikes have been given to the judiciary, they likely will not believe the defense of denying that the recording is of the suspect's voice.</ref> themselves against digital sound-alike by denying the things the digital sound-alike says if they are presented to the target, but dead people cannot. Digital sound-alikes offer criminals new disinformation attack vectors and wreak havoc on provability.

For these reasons the bannable '''raw materials''' i.e. covert voice models '''[[Law proposals to ban covert modeling|should be prohibited by law]]''' in order to protect humans from abuse by criminal parties.

It is high time to act and to '''[[Law proposals to ban covert modeling|criminalize the covert modeling of human voice!]]'''

== Digital look-and-sound-alikes ==
=== Real-time digital look-and-sound-alike fraud in 2023 ===
'''Real-time digital look-and-sound-alike''' in a video call was used to defraud a substantial amount of money in 2023.<ref name="Reuters real-time digital look-and-sound-alike crime 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.reuters.com/technology/deepfake-scam-china-fans-worries-over-ai-driven-fraud-2023-05-22/
| title = 'Deepfake' scam in China fans worries over AI-driven fraud
| last =
| first =
| date = 2023-05-22
| website = [[w:Reuters.com]]
| publisher = [[w:Reuters]]
| access-date = 2023-06-05
| quote =
}}
</ref>

=== Real-time digital look-and-sound-alike fraud in 2024 ===

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.ft.com/content/b977e8d4-664c-4ae4-8a8e-eb93bdf785ea '''''Arup lost $25mn in Hong Kong deepfake video conference scam''''' at ft.com] reporting by Cheng Leng and Chan Ho-him 2025-05-17
* [https://edition.cnn.com/2024/02/04/asia/deepfake-cfo-scam-hong-kong-intl-hnk/index.html '''''Finance worker pays out $25 million after video call with deepfake "chief financial officer"''''' at edition.cnn.com], February 2024 reporting by Heather Chen and Kathleen Magramo, CNN
* [https://edition.cnn.com/2024/05/16/tech/arup-deepfake-scam-loss-hong-kong-intl-hnk/index.html '''''British engineering giant Arup revealed as $25 million deepfake scam victim''''' at edition.cnn.com] May 2024 reporting by Kathleen Magramo, CNN
----

== Text syntheses ==
[[w:Chatbot]]s and [[w:spamming]] have existed for a longer time, but only now armed with AI they are becoming more deceiving.

In [[w:natural language processing]] development in [[w:natural-language understanding]] leads to more cunning [[w:natural-language generation]] AI.

'''[[w:Large language model]]s''' ('''LLM''') are very large [[w:language model]]s consisting of a [[w:Artificial neural network|w:neural network]] with many parameters.

[[w:OpenAI]]'s [[w:OpenAI#GPT|w:Generative Pre-trained Transformer]] ('''GPT''') is a left-to-right [[w:transformer (machine learning model)]]-based [[w:Natural-language generation|text generation]] model succeeded by [[w:OpenAI#GPT-2|w:GPT-2]] and [[w:OpenAI#GPT-3|w:GPT-3]]

November 2022 saw the publication of OpenAI's '''[[w:ChatGPT]]''', a conversational artificial intelligence.

'''[[w:Bard (chatbot)]]''' is a conversational [[w:generative artificial intelligence]] [[w:chatbot]] developed by [[w:Google]], based on the [[w:LaMDA]] family of [[w:large language models]]. It was developed as a direct response to the rise of [[w:OpenAI]]'s [[w:ChatGPT]], and was released in March 2023. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bard_(chatbot)&oldid=1152361586 Wikipedia])

''' Reporting / announcements ''' (in reverse chronology)
* [https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2023/02/07/reinventing-search-with-a-new-ai-powered-microsoft-bing-and-edge-your-copilot-for-the-web/ '''''Reinventing search with a new AI-powered Microsoft Bing and Edge, your copilot for the web''''' at blogs.microsoft.com] '''February 2023''' (2023-02-07). The new improved Bing, available only in Microsoft's Edge browser is reportedly based on a language model refined from GPT 3.5.<ref>https://www.theverge.com/2023/2/7/23587454/microsoft-bing-edge-chatgpt-ai</ref>

* [https://openai.com/blog/new-ai-classifier-for-indicating-ai-written-text '''New AI classifier for indicating AI-written text''' at openai.com], a '''January 2023''' blog post about OpenAI's AI classifier for detecting AI-written texts.

* [https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt '''''Introducing ChatGPT''''' at openai.com] '''November 2022''' (2022-11-30)

* [https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/08/14/1006780/ai-gpt-3-fake-blog-reached-top-of-hacker-news/ ''''A college kid’s fake, AI-generated blog fooled tens of thousands. This is how he made it.'''' at technologyreview.com] '''August 2020''' reporting in the [[w:MIT Technology Review]] by Karen Hao about GPT-3.

* [https://siliconangle.com/2020/07/19/openais-latest-ai-text-generator-gpt-3-amazes-early-adopters/ ''''OpenAI’s latest AI text generator GPT-3 amazes early adopters'''' at siliconangle.com] '''July 2020''' reporting on GPT-3

* [https://openai.com/blog/gpt-2-6-month-follow-up/ '''OpenAI releases the full version of GPT-2''' at openai.com] in '''August 2019'''

* [https://venturebeat.com/2019/08/20/openai-releases-curtailed-version-of-gpt-2-language-model/ ''''OpenAI releases curtailed version of GPT-2 language model'''' at venturebeat.com], '''August 2019''' reporting on the original release of of the curtailed version of GPT-2

''' External links '''
* [https://analyticssteps.com/blogs/detection-fake-and-false-news-text-analysis-approaches-and-cnn-deep-learning-model '''"Detection of Fake and False News (Text Analysis): Approaches and CNN as Deep Learning Model"''' at analyticsteps.com], a 2019 summmary written by Shubham Panth.

=== Detectors for synthesized texts ===

Introduction of [[w:ChatGPT]] by OpenAI brought the need for software to detect machine-generated texts.

Try AI plagiarism detection for free

* [https://contentdetector.ai/ '''AI Content Detector''' at contentdetector.ai]- ''AI Content Detector - Detect ChatGPT Plagiarism'' ('''try for free''')
* [https://platform.openai.com/ai-text-classifier '''AI Text Classifier''' at platform.openai.com]- ''The AI Text Classifier is a fine-tuned GPT model that predicts how likely it is that a piece of text was generated by AI from a variety of sources, such as ChatGPT.'' ('''free account required''')
* [https://gptradar.com/ '''GPT Radar''' at gptradar.com] - ''AI text detector app'' ('''try for free''')<ref group="1st seen in" name="Wordlift.io 2023">https://wordlift.io/blog/en/best-plagiarism-checkers-for-ai-generated-content/</ref>
* [https://gptzero.me/ '''GPTZero''' at gptzero.me] - ''The World's #1 AI Detector with over 1 Million Users'' ('''try for free''')
* [https://copyleaks.com/plagiarism-checker '''Plagiarism Checker''' at copyleaks.com]- ''Plagiarism Checker by Copyleaks'' ('''try for free''')<ref group="1st seen in" name="Wordlift.io 2023" />
* https://gowinston.ai/ - ''The most powerful AI content detection solution'' ('''free-tier available''')<ref group="1st seen in" name="Wordlift.io 2023" />
* [https://www.zerogpt.com/ '''ZeroGPT''' at zerogpt.com]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Wordlift.io 2023" /> - ''GPT-4 And ChatGPT detector by ZeroGPT: detect OpenAI text - ZeroGPT the most Advanced and Reliable Chat GPT and GPT-4 detector tool'' ('''try for free''')

For-a-fee AI plagiarism detection tools
* https://originality.ai/ - ''The Most Accurate AI Content Detector and Plagiarism Checker Built for Serious Content Publishers''<ref group="1st seen in" name="Wordlift.io 2023" />
* https://www.turnitin.com/ - ''Empower students to do their best, original work''<ref group="1st seen in" name="Wordlift.io 2023" />

== Handwriting syntheses ==

Handwriting syntheses could be used
# Defensively, to hide one's handwriting style from public view
# Offensively, to thieve somebody else's handwriting style

If the handwriting-like synthesis passes human and media forensics testing, it is a '''digital handwrite-alike'''.

Here we find a possible '''risk''' similar to that which became a reality, when the '''[[w:speaker recognition]] systems''' turned out to be instrumental in the development of '''[[#Digital sound-alikes|digital sound-alikes]]'''. After the knowledge needed to recognize a speaker was [[w:Transfer learning|w:transferred]] into a generative task in 2018 by Google researchers, we no longer cannot effectively determine for English speakers which recording is human in origin and which is from a machine origin.

'''Handwriting-like syntheses''':
[[w:Recurrent neural network]]s (RNN) seem are a popular choice for this task.

* [https://github.com/topics/handwriting-synthesis GitHub topic '''handwriting-synthesis'''] has 29 public repositories as of September 2021.
* [https://github.com/topics/handwriting-generation GitHub topic '''handwriting-generation'''] has 21 public repositories as of September 2021.

* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031320319303814 '''''Deep imitator: Handwriting calligraphy imitation via deep attention networks'''' at sciencedirect.com], published in [[w:Pattern Recognition (journal)]] in August '''2020'''.

* [https://greydanus.github.io/2016/08/21/handwriting/ '''Scribe''' - ''Generating Realistic Handwriting with TensorFlow'' at greydanus.github.io] blog post published on '''2016'''-08-21. [https://github.com/greydanus/scribe '''Scribe code''' at github.com]

* [https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2886099 '''''My Text in Your Handwriting''''' at dl.acm.org], a system from [[w:University College London]] published on '''2016'''-05-18 in [[w:ACM Transactions on Graphics]].<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2016/aug/new-computer-programme-replicates-handwriting via Google search for "ai handwriting generator"</ref>

* [https://arxiv.org/abs/1308.0850 '''''Generating Sequences With Recurrent Neural Networks''''' at arxiv.org] by Alex Graves published on '''2013'''-08-04 in Neural and Evolutionary Computing.
:#[https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~graves/handwriting.html '''''Recurrent neural network handwriting generation demo''''' at cs.toronto.edu] is a demonstration site for publication
:# [https://www.calligrapher.ai/ '''Calligrapher.ai''' - ''Realistic computer-generated handwriting''] - The user may control parameters: speed, legibility, stroke width and style. The domain is registered by some organization in Iceland and the website offers no about-page<ref group="1st seen in">https://seanvasquez.com/handwriting-generation redirects to Calligrapher.ai - seen in https://www.reddit.com/r/MachineLearning/comments/gh9cbg/p_generate_handwriting_with_an_inbrowser/</ref>. According to [https://www.reddit.com/r/MachineLearning/comments/gh9cbg/p_generate_handwriting_with_an_inbrowser/ this reddit post] Calligrapher.ai is based on Graves' 2013 work, but "''adds an [[w:inference]] model to allow for sampling latent style vectors (similar to the VAE model used by SketchRNN)''".<ref>https://www.reddit.com/r/MachineLearning/comments/gh9cbg/p_generate_handwriting_with_an_inbrowser/</ref>

''' Handwriting recognition '''

* '''[[w:Handwriting recognition]]''' ('''HWR'''), also known as '''Handwritten Text Recognition''' ('''HTR'''), is the ability of a computer to receive and interpret intelligible [[w:handwriting|w:handwritten]] input (Wikipedia)
* '''[[w:Intelligent word recognition]]''', or '''IWR''', is the recognition of unconstrained handwritten words.<ref>
{{Cite web
|url=https://www.efilecabinet.com/what-is-iwr-intelligent-word-recognition-how-is-it-related-to-document-management/
|title=What is IWR? (Intelligent Word Recognition)
|date=2016-01-04
|website=eFileCabinet
|language=en-US
|access-date=2021-09-21
}}

</ref> (Wikipedia)

* [https://github.com/topics/handwriting-recognition GitHub topic '''handwriting-recognition'''] contains 238 repositories as of September 2021.

== Singing syntheses ==

As of 2020 the '''digital sing-alikes''' may not yet be here, but when we hear a faked singing voice and we cannot hear that it is fake, then we will know. An ability to sing does not seem to add much hostile capabilities compared to the ability to thieve spoken word.

* [https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.11690 ''''''Fast and High-Quality Singing Voice Synthesis System based on Convolutional Neural Networks'''''' at arxiv.org], a 2019 singing voice synthesis technique using [[w:convolutional neural network|w:convolutional neural networks (CNN)]]. Accepted into the 2020 [[w:International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing|International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)]].
* [http://compmus.ime.usp.br/sbcm/2019/papers/sbcm-2019-7.pdf ''''''State of art of real-time singing voice synthesis'''''' at compmus.ime.usp.br] presented at the 2019 [http://compmus.ime.usp.br/sbcm/2019/program/ 17th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Music]
* [http://theses.fr/2017PA066511 ''''''Synthesis and expressive transformation of singing voice'''''' at theses.fr] [https://www.theses.fr/2017PA066511.pdf as .pdf] a 2017 doctorate thesis by [http://theses.fr/227185943 Luc Ardaillon]
* [http://mtg.upf.edu/node/512 ''''''Synthesis of the Singing Voice by Performance Sampling and Spectral Models'''''' at mtg.upf.edu], a 2007 journal article in the [[w:IEEE Signal Processing Society]]'s Signal Processing Magazine
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/4295714_Speech-to-Singing_Synthesis_Converting_Speaking_Voices_to_Singing_Voices_by_Controlling_Acoustic_Features_Unique_to_Singing_Voices ''''''Speech-to-Singing Synthesis: Converting Speaking Voices to Singing Voices by Controlling Acoustic Features Unique to Singing Voices'''''' at researchgate.net], a November 2007 paper published in the IEEE conference on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics

* [[w:Category:Singing software synthesizers]]

----

= Timeline of synthetic human-like fakes =
See the #SSFWIKI '''[[Mediatheque]]''' for viewing media that is or is probably to do with synthetic human-like fakes.

== 2020's synthetic human-like fakes ==
* '''2024''' | '''<font color="red">text-to-video model</font>''' | '''[[w:Sora (text-to-video model)]]''', a [[w:text-to-video model]] developed by [[w:OpenAI]], that has worrying levels of realism was published in 2024. It was released to subscription paying users of ChatGPT in December 2024.

* '''2023''' | '''<font color="orange">Real-time digital look-and-sound-alike crime</font>''' | In April a man in northern China was defrauded of 4.3 million yuan by a criminal employing a digital look-and-sound-alike pretending to be his friend on a video call made with a stolen messaging service account.<ref name="Reuters real-time digital look-and-sound-alike crime 2023"/>

* '''2023''' | '''<font color="orange">Election meddling with digital look-alikes</font>''' | The [[w:2023 Turkish presidential election]] saw numerous deepfake controversies.

** "''Ahead of the election in Turkey, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan showed a video linking his main challenger Kemal Kilicdaroglu to the militant Kurdish organization PKK.''" [...] "''Research by DW's fact-checking team in cooperation with DW's Turkish service shows that the video at the campaign rally was '''manipulated''' by '''combining two separate videos''' with totally different backgrounds and content.''" [https://www.dw.com/en/fact-check-turkeys-erdogan-shows-false-kilicdaroglu-video/a-65554034 reports dw.com]

* '''2023''' | March 7 th | '''<font color="red">science / demonstration</font>''' | Microsoft researchers submitted a paper for publication outlining their [https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.03926 '''Cross-lingual neural codec language modeling system''' at arxiv.org] dubbed [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/vall-e-x/vall-e-x/ '''VALL-E X''' at microsoft.com], that extends upon VALL-E's capabilities to be cross-lingual and also maintaining the same "''emotional tone''" from sample to fake.

* '''2023''' | January 5th | '''<font color="red">science / demonstration</font>''' | Microsoft researchers announced [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/vall-e/ '''''VALL-E''''' - Neural Codec Language Models are Zero-Shot Text to Speech Synthesizers (at microsoft.com)] that is able to thieve a voice from only '''3 seconds of sample''' and it is also able to mimic the "''emotional tone''" of the sample the synthesis if produced of.<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/01/microsofts-new-ai-can-simulate-anyones-voice-with-3-seconds-of-audio/
| title = Microsoft’s new AI can simulate anyone’s voice with 3 seconds of audio
| last = Edwards
| first = Benj
| date = 2023-01-10
| website = [[w:Arstechnica.com]]
| publisher = Arstechnica
| access-date = 2023-05-05
| quote = For the paper's conclusion, they write: "Since VALL-E could synthesize speech that maintains speaker identity, it may carry potential risks in misuse of the model, such as spoofing voice identification or impersonating a specific speaker. To mitigate such risks, it is possible to build a detection model to discriminate whether an audio clip was synthesized by VALL-E. We will also put Microsoft AI Principles into practice when further developing the models."
}}
</ref>

* '''2023''' | January 1st | '''<font color="green">Law</font>''' | {{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|what-is-it}}

* '''2022''' | <font color="orange">'''science'''</font> and <font color="green">'''demonstration'''</font> | [[w:OpenAI]][https://openai.com/ (.com)] published [[w:ChatGPT]], a discutational AI accessible with a free account at [https://chat.openai.com/ chat.openai.com]. Initial version was published on 2022-11-30.

* '''2022''' | '''<font color="green">brief report of counter-measures</font>''' | {{#lst:Protecting world leaders against deep fakes using facial, gestural, and vocal mannerisms|what-is-it}} Publication date 2022-11-23.

* '''2022''' | '''<font color="green">counter-measure</font>''' | {{#lst:Detecting deep-fake audio through vocal tract reconstruction|what-is-it}}
:{{#lst:Detecting deep-fake audio through vocal tract reconstruction|original-reporting}}. Presented to peers in August 2022 and to the general public in September 2022.

* '''2022''' | <font color="orange">'''disinformation attack'''</font> | In June 2022 a fake digital look-and-sound-alike in the appearance and voice of [[w:Vitali Klitschko]], mayor of [[w:Kyiv]], held fake video phone calls with several European mayors. The Germans determined that the video phone call was fake by contacting the Ukrainian officials. This attempt at covert disinformation attack was originally reported by [[w:Der Spiegel]].<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jun/25/european-leaders-deepfake-video-calls-mayor-of-kyiv-vitali-klitschko</ref><ref>https://www.dw.com/en/vitali-klitschko-fake-tricks-berlin-mayor-in-video-call/a-62257289</ref>

* '''2022''' | science | [[w:DALL-E]] 2, a successor designed to generate more realistic images at higher resolutions that "can combine concepts, attributes, and styles" was published in April 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DALL·E 2 |url=https://openai.com/dall-e-2/ |access-date=2023-04-22 |website=OpenAI |language=en-US}}</ref> ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DALL-E&oldid=1151136107 Wikipedia])

* '''2022''' | '''<font color="green">counter-measure</font>''' | {{#lst:Protecting President Zelenskyy against deep fakes|what-is-it}} Preprint published in February 2022 and submitted to [[w:arXiv]] in June 2022

* '''2022''' | '''<font color="green">science / review of counter-measures</font>''' | [https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/5/155 ''''''A Review of Modern Audio Deepfake Detection Methods: Challenges and Future Directions'''''' at mdpi.com]<ref name="Audio Deepfake detection review 2022">

{{cite journal
| last1 = Almutairi
| first1 = Zaynab
| last2 = Elgibreen
| first2 = Hebah
| date = 2022-05-04
| title = A Review of Modern Audio Deepfake Detection Methods: Challenges and Future Directions
| url = https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/5/155
| journal = [[w:Algorithms (journal)]]
| volume =
| issue =
| pages =
| doi = https://doi.org/10.3390/a15050155
| access-date = 2022-10-18
}}

</ref>, a review of audio deepfake detection methods by researchers Zaynab Almutairi and Hebah Elgibreen of the [[w:King Saud University]], Saudi Arabia published in [[w:Algorithms (journal)]] on Wednesday 2022-05-04 published by the [[w:MDPI]] (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute). This article belongs to the Special Issue [https://www.mdpi.com/journal/algorithms/special_issues/Adversarial_Federated_Machine_Learning ''Commemorative Special Issue: Adversarial and Federated Machine Learning: State of the Art and New Perspectives'' at mdpi.com]

* '''2022''' | '''<font color="green">science / counter-measure</font>''' | [https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.15563 ''''''Attacker Attribution of Audio Deepfakes'''''' at arxiv.org], a pre-print was presented at the [https://www.interspeech2022.org/ Interspeech 2022 conference] organized by [[w:International Speech Communication Association]] in Korea September 18-22 2022.

* '''2021''' | Science and demonstration | In the NeurIPS 2021 held virtually in December researchers from Nvidia and [[w:Aalto University]] present their paper [https://nvlabs.github.io/stylegan3/ '''''Alias-Free Generative Adversarial Networks (StyleGAN3)''''' at nvlabs.github.io] and associated [https://github.com/NVlabs/stylegan3 implementation] in [[w:PyTorch]] and the results are deceivingly human-like in appearance. [https://nvlabs-fi-cdn.nvidia.com/stylegan3/stylegan3-paper.pdf StyleGAN3 paper as .pdf at nvlabs-fi-cdn.nvidia.com]

* '''2021''' | Entertainment | The Swedish pop band [[w:ABBA]] published an album in September and will be performing shows where the music is live and real, but the visuals will be [[#Age analysis and rejuvenating and aging syntheses|rejuvenated]] [[#Digital look-alikes|digital look-alikes]] of the band members displayed to the fans with [[w:holography]] technology. ABBA used [[w:Industrial Light & Magic]] as the purveyor of technology. [[w:Industrial Light & Magic]] was acquired by [[w:The Walt Disney Company]] in 2012 as part of their acquisition [[w:Lucasfilm]].

* '''2021''' | Controversy | July 2021 saw the release of [[w:Roadrunner: A Film About Anthony Bourdain]] and soon controversy arose, as the director [[w:Morgan Neville]] admitted to [[w:Helen Rosner]], a food writer for [[w:The New Yorker]] that he had contracted an AI company to thieve [[w:Anthony Bourdain]]'s voice and used it to insert audio that sounded like him, without declaring it as faked.<ref name="NewYorker 2020">

{{Cite magazine
|last=Rosner
|first=Helen
|author-link=[[w:Helen Rosner]]
|date=2021-07-15
|title=A Haunting New Documentary About Anthony Bourdain
|url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/annals-of-gastronomy/the-haunting-afterlife-of-anthony-bourdain
|url-status=live
|access-date=2021-08-25
|magazine=[[w:The New Yorker]]
|language=en-US
}}

</ref><ref group="1st seen in">
Witness newsletter I subscribed to at https://www.witness.org/get-involved/
</ref>

* '''2021''' | Science | [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.05630.pdf '''''Voice Cloning: a Multi-Speaker Text-to-Speech Synthesis Approach based on Transfer Learning''''' .pdf at arxiv.org], a paper submitted in Feb 2021 by researchers from the [[w:University of Turin]].<ref group="1st seen in" name="ConnectedPapers suggestion on Google Transfer learning 2018" />

* '''2021''' | '''<font color="red">crime / fraud</font>''' | {{#lst:Synthetic human-like fakes|2021 digital sound-alike enabled fraud}}

* '''2021''' | science and demonstration | '''DALL-E''', a [[w:deep learning]] model developed by [[w:OpenAI]] to generate digital images from [[w:natural language]] descriptions, called "prompts" was published in January 2021. DALL-E uses a version of [[w:GPT-3]] modified to generate images. (Adapted from [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DALL-E&oldid=1151136107 Wikipedia])

* '''<font color="green">2020</font>''' | '''<font color="green">counter-measure</font>''' | The [https://incidentdatabase.ai/ ''''''AI Incident Database'''''' at incidentdatabase.ai] was introduced on 2020-11-18 by the [[w:Partnership on AI]].<ref name="PartnershipOnAI2020">https://www.partnershiponai.org/aiincidentdatabase/</ref>

[[File:Appearance of Queen Elizabeth II stolen by Channel 4 in Dec 2020 (screenshot at 191s).png|thumb|right|480px|In Dec 2020 Channel 4 aired a Queen-like fake i.e. they had thieved the appearance of Queen Elizabeth II using deepfake methods.]]

* '''2020''' | '''Controversy''' / '''Public service announcement''' | Channel 4 thieved the appearance of Queen Elizabeth II using deepfake methods. The product of synthetic human-like fakery originally aired on Channel 4 on 25 December at 15:25 GMT.<ref name="Queen-like deepfake 2020 BBC reporting">https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-55424730</ref> [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IvY-Abd2FfM&t=3s View in YouTube]

* '''2020''' | reporting | [https://www.wired.co.uk/article/deepfake-porn-websites-videos-law "''Deepfake porn is now mainstream. And major sites are cashing in''" at wired.co.uk] by Matt Burgess. Published August 2020.

* '''2020''' | demonstration | '''[https://moondisaster.org/ Moondisaster.org]''' (full film embedded in website) project by the [https://virtuality.mit.edu/ Center for Advanced Virtuality] of the [[w:Massachusetts Institute of Technology|w:MIT]] published in July 2020, makes use of various methods of making a synthetic human-like fake. Alternative place to watch: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWLadJFI8Pk ''In Event of Moon Disaster - FULL FILM'' at youtube.com]
** [https://www.cnet.com/news/mit-releases-deepfake-video-of-nixon-announcing-nasa-apollo-11-disaster/ Cnet.com July 2020 reporting ''MIT releases deepfake video of 'Nixon' announcing NASA Apollo 11 disaster'']

* '''2020''' | US state law | {{#lst:Laws against synthesis and other related crimes|California2020}}
* '''2020''' | Chinese legislation | {{#lst:Laws against synthesis and other related crimes|China2020}}

== 2010's synthetic human-like fakes ==
* '''2019''' | science and demonstration | At the December 2019 NeurIPS conference, a novel method for making animated fakes of anything with AI [https://aliaksandrsiarohin.github.io/first-order-model-website/ '''''First Order Motion Model for Image Animation''''' (website at aliaksandrsiarohin.github.io)], [https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2019/file/31c0b36aef265d9221af80872ceb62f9-Paper.pdf (paper)] [https://github.com/AliaksandrSiarohin/first-order-model (github)] was presented.<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/08/28/1007746/ai-deepfakes-memes/</ref>
** Reporting [https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/08/28/1007746/ai-deepfakes-memes/ '''''Memers are making deepfakes, and things are getting weird''''' at technologyreview.com], 2020-08-28 by Karen Hao.
* '''2019''' | demonstration | In September 2019 [[w:Yle]], the Finnish [[w:public broadcasting company]], aired a result of experimental [[w:journalism]], [https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-10955498 '''a deepfake of the President in office'''] [[w:Sauli Niinistö]] in its main news broadcast for the purpose of highlighting the advancing disinformation technology and problems that arise from it.
* '''2019''' | US state law | {{#lst:Laws against synthesis and other related crimes|Texas2019}}
* '''2019''' | US state law | {{#lst:Laws against synthesis and other related crimes|Virginia2019}}
* '''2019''' | Science | [https://arxiv.org/pdf/1809.10460.pdf '''''Sample Efficient Adaptive Text-to-Speech''''' .pdf at arxiv.org], a 2019 paper from Google researchers, published as a conference paper at [[w:International Conference on Learning Representations]] (ICLR)<ref group="1st seen in" name="ConnectedPapers suggestion on Google Transfer learning 2018"> https://www.connectedpapers.com/main/8fc09dfcff78ac9057ff0834a83d23eb38ca198a/Transfer-Learning-from-Speaker-Verification-to-Multispeaker-TextToSpeech-Synthesis/graph</ref>

* '''2019''' | science and demonstration | [https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.09773.pdf ''''Speech2Face: Learning the Face Behind a Voice'''' at arXiv.org] a system for generating likely facial features based on the voice of a person, presented by the [[w:MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory]] at the 2019 [[w:Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition|w:CVPR]]. [https://github.com/saiteja-talluri/Speech2Face Speech2Face at github.com] This may develop to something that really causes problems. [https://neurohive.io/en/news/speech2face-neural-network-predicts-the-face-behind-a-voice/ "Speech2Face: Neural Network Predicts the Face Behind a Voice" reporing at neurohive.io], [https://belitsoft.com/speech-recognition-software-development/speech2face "Speech2Face Sees Voices and Hears Faces: Dreams Come True with AI" reporting at belitsoft.com]

* '''2019''' | <font color="red">'''crime'''</font> | '''[[w:Fraud]]''' with [[#digital sound-alikes|digital sound-alike]] technology surfaced in 2019. See [https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/09/04/an-artificial-intelligence-first-voice-mimicking-software-reportedly-used-major-theft/?noredirect=on ''''''An artificial-intelligence first: Voice-mimicking software reportedly used in a major theft''''''], a 2019 Washington Post article or [https://www.forbes.com/sites/jessedamiani/2019/09/03/a-voice-deepfake-was-used-to-scam-a-ceo-out-of-243000/ ''''''A Voice Deepfake Was Used To Scam A CEO Out Of $243,000'''''' at Forbes.com] (2019-09-03)

* '''2019''' | demonstration | [http://whichfaceisreal.com/ ''''''Which Face is real?'''''' at whichfaceisreal.com] is an easily unnerving game by [http://ctbergstrom.com/ Carl Bergstrom] and [https://jevinwest.org/ Jevin West] where you need to '''try to distinguish''' from a pair of photos '''which is real and which is not'''. A part of the "tools" of the [https://callingbullshit.org/ Calling Bullshit] course taught at the [[w:University of Washington]]. <font color="green">'''Relevancy: certain'''</font>

* '''2019''' | demonstration | '''[https://www.thispersondoesnotexist.com/ 'Thispersondoesnotexist.com']''' (since February 2019) by Philip Wang. It showcases a [[w:StyleGAN]] at the task of making an endless stream of pictures that look like no-one in particular, but are eerily human-like. <font color="green">'''Relevancy: certain'''</font>

* '''2019''' | action | [[w:Nvidia]] [[w:open source]]s [[w:StyleGAN]], a novel [[w:generative adversarial network]].<ref name="Medium2019">

{{Cite web
|url=https://medium.com/syncedreview/nvidia-open-sources-hyper-realistic-face-generator-stylegan-f346e1a73826
|title= NVIDIA Open-Sources Hyper-Realistic Face Generator StyleGAN
|last=
|first=
|date= 2019-02-09
|website= [[Medium.com]]
|access-date= 2020-07-13
}}

</ref>

* '''<font color="green">2018</font>''' | '''<font color="green">counter-measure</font>''' | In September 2018 Google added “'''involuntary synthetic pornographic imagery'''” to its '''ban list''', allowing anyone to request the search engine block results that falsely depict them as “nude or in a sexually explicit situation.”<ref name="WashingtonPost2018">

{{cite web
|url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2018/12/30/fake-porn-videos-are-being-weaponized-harass-humiliate-women-everybody-is-potential-target/
|title= Fake-porn videos are being weaponized to harass and humiliate women: 'Everybody is a potential target'
|last= Harwell
|first= Drew
|date= 2018-12-30
|website=
|publisher= [[w:The Washington Post]]
|access-date= 2020-07-13
|quote= In September [of 2018], Google added “involuntary synthetic pornographic imagery” to its ban list
}}

</ref> '''[https://support.google.com/websearch/answer/9116649?hl=en Information on removing involuntary fake pornography from Google at support.google.com]''' if it shows up in Google and the '''[https://support.google.com/websearch/troubleshooter/3111061#ts=2889054%2C2889099%2C2889064%2C9171203 form to request removing involuntary fake pornography at support.google.com]''', select "''I want to remove: A fake nude or sexually explicit picture or video of myself''"

[[File:GoogleLogoSept12015.png|thumb|right|300px|[[w:Google]]'s logo. Google Research demonstrated their '''[https://google.github.io/tacotron/publications/speaker_adaptation/ sound-like-anyone-machine]''' at the '''2018''' [[w:Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems|w:Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems]] (NeurIPS). It requires only 5 seconds of sample to steal a voice.]]

* '''<font color="red">2018</font>''' | <font color="red">science</font> and <font color="red">demonstration</font> | The work [http://papers.nips.cc/paper/7700-transfer-learning-from-speaker-verification-to-multispeaker-text-to-speech-synthesis ''''Transfer Learning from Speaker Verification to Multispeaker Text-To-Speech Synthesis''''] ([https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.04558 at arXiv.org]) was presented at the 2018 [[w:Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems]] ('''NeurIPS'''). The pre-trained model is able to steal voices from a sample of only '''5 seconds''' with almost convincing results.

* '''2018''' | science | [https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.10196 '''Progressive Growing of GANs for Improved Quality, Stability, and Variation''' at arxiv.org] ([https://arxiv.org/pdf/1710.10196.pdf .pdf]), colloquially known as ProGANs were presented by Nvidia researchers at the [https://iclr.cc/Conferences/2018 2018 ICLR]. [[w:International Conference on Learning Representations]]

* '''2018''' | demonstration | At the 2018 [[w:World Internet Conference]] in [[w:Wuzhen]] the [[w:Xinhua News Agency]] presented two digital look-alikes made to the resemblance of its real news anchors Qiu Hao ([[w:Chinese language]])<ref name="TheGuardian2018">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/09/worlds-first-ai-news-anchor-unveiled-in-china
| title = World's first AI news anchor unveiled in China
| last = Kuo
| first = Lily
| date = 2018-11-09
| website =
| access-date = 2020-07-13
| quote = }}
</ref> and Zhang Zhao ([[w:English language]]). The digital look-alikes were made in conjunction with [[w:Sogou]].<ref name="BusinessInsider2018">
{{cite web
| url = https://businessinsider.com/ai-news-anchor-created-by-china-xinhua-news-agency-2018-11
| title = China created what it claims is the first AI news anchor — watch it in action here
| last = Hamilton
| first = Isobel Asher
| date = 2018-11-09
| website =
| access-date = 2020-07-13
| quote = }}
</ref> Neither the [[w:speech synthesis]] used nor the gesturing of the digital look-alike anchors were good enough to deceive the watcher to mistake them for real humans imaged with a TV camera.

* '''2018''' | action | [https://schiff.house.gov/imo/media/doc/2018-09%20ODNI%20Deep%20Fakes%20letter.pdf '''Deep Fakes letter to the Office of the Director of National Intelligence''' at schiff.house.gov], a letter sent to the [[w:Director of National Intelligence]] on 2018-09-13 by congresspeople [[w:Adam Schiff]], [[w:Stephanie Murphy]] and [[w:Carlos Curbelo]] requesting a report be compiled on the synthetic human-like fakes situation and what are the threats and what could be the solutions.<ref group="1st seen in">[https://uk.pcmag.com/security/117402/us-lawmakers-ai-generated-fake-videos-may-be-a-security-threat ''''''US Lawmakers: AI-Generated Fake Videos May Be a Security Threat'''''' at uk.pcmag.com], 2018-09-13 reporting by Michael Kan</ref>

* '''2018''' | controversy / demonstration | The [[w:deepfake]]s controversy surfaces where [[w:Pornographic film|porn video]]s were doctored utilizing [[w:deep learning|w:deep machine learning]] so that the face of the actress was replaced by the software's opinion of what another persons face would look like in the same pose and lighting.

* '''2017''' | science | '''[http://grail.cs.washington.edu/projects/AudioToObama/ 'Synthesizing Obama: Learning Lip Sync from Audio' at grail.cs.washington.edu]'''. In SIGGRAPH 2017 by Supasorn Suwajanakorn et al. of the [[w:University of Washington]] presented an audio driven digital look-alike of upper torso of Barack Obama. It was driven only by a voice track as source data for the animation after the training phase to acquire [[w:lip sync]] and wider facial information from [[w:training material]] consisting 2D videos with audio had been completed.<ref name="Suw2017">{{Citation
| last = Suwajanakorn | first = Supasorn
| author-link =
| last2 = Seitz | first2 = Steven
| author2-link =
| last3 = Kemelmacher-Shlizerman | first3 = Ira
| author3-link =
| title = Synthesizing Obama: Learning Lip Sync from Audio
| publisher = [[University of Washington]]
| year = 2017
| url = http://grail.cs.washington.edu/projects/AudioToObama/
| access-date = 2020-07-13 }}
</ref> <font color="green">'''Relevancy: certain'''</font>

* '''2016''' | movie | '''[[w:Rogue One]]''' is a Star Wars film for which digital look-alikes of actors [[w:Peter Cushing]] and [[w:Carrie Fisher]] were made. In the film their appearance would appear to be of same age as the actors were during the filming of the original 1977 ''[[w:Star Wars (film)]]'' film.

* '''2016''' | science / demonstration | [[w:DeepMind]]'s [[w:WaveNet]] owned by [[w:Google]] also demonstrated ability to steal people's voices

[[File:Adobe Corporate Logo.png|thumb|right|300px|[[w:Adobe Inc.]]'s logo. We can thank Adobe for publicly demonstrating their sound-like-anyone-machine in '''2016''' before an implementation was sold to criminal organizations.]]

{{#ev:youtube|I3l4XLZ59iw|420px|left|'''''#[[w:Adobe Voco]]. Adobe Audio Manipulator Sneak Peak with [[w:Jordan Peele]]''''' (at Youtube.com). November 2016 demonstration of a Adobe's unreleased sound-like-anyone-machine, the '''[[w:Adobe Voco]]''' at the [[w:Adobe MAX]] 2016 event in [[w:San Diego]], [[w:California]]. The original Adobe Voco '''required 20 minutes of sample''' to '''thieve a voice'''.}}
* '''<font color="red">2016</font>''' | <font color="red">science</font> and demonstration | '''[[w:Adobe Inc.]]''' publicly demonstrates '''[[w:Adobe Voco]]''', a '''sound-like-anyone machine''' [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I3l4XLZ59iw '#VoCo. Adobe Audio Manipulator Sneak Peak with Jordan Peele | Adobe Creative Cloud' on Youtube]. THe original Adobe Voco required '''20 minutes''' of sample '''to thieve a voice'''. <font color="green">'''Relevancy: certain'''</font>.

* '''2016''' | science | '''[http://www.niessnerlab.org/projects/thies2016face.html 'Face2Face: Real-time Face Capture and Reenactment of RGB Videos' at Niessnerlab.org]''' A paper (with videos) on the semi-real-time 2D video manipulation with gesture forcing and lip sync forcing synthesis by Thies et al, Stanford. <font color="green">'''Relevancy: certain'''</font>

* '''2016''' | music video | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tMQHAy0HUDo ''''''Plug'''''' by Kube at youtube.com] - A 2016 music video by [[w:Kube (rapper)]] ([[w:fi:Kube]]), that shows deepfake-like technology this early. Video was uploaded on 2016-09-15 and is directed by Faruk Nazeri.

* '''2015''' | Science | [https://arxiv.org/abs/1411.7766v3 ''''''Deep Learning Face Attributes in the Wild'''''' at arxiv.org] presented at the 2015 [[w:International Conference on Computer Vision]]

* '''2015''' | movie | In the ''[[w:Furious 7]]'' a digital look-alike made of the actor [[w:Paul Walker]] who died in an accident during the filming was done by [[w:Weta Digital]] to enable the completion of the film.<ref name="thr2015">
{{cite web
| url = http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/furious-7-how-peter-jacksons-784157
| title = 'Furious 7' and How Peter Jackson's Weta Created Digital Paul Walker
| last = Giardina
| first = Carolyn
| date = 2015-03-25
| work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]
| access-date = 2020-07-13
| quote = }}
</ref>

* '''2014''' | science | [[w:Ian Goodfellow]] et al. presented the principles of a '''[[w:generative adversarial network]]'''. '''GAN'''s made the headlines in early 2018 with the [[w:deepfake]]s controversies.

* '''2013''' | demonstration | At the 2013 SIGGGRAPH [[w:Activision]] and USC presented a [[w:real time computing]] "Digital Ira" a digital face look-alike of Ari Shapiro, an ICT USC research scientist,<ref name="reform_youtube2015">
{{cite AV media
| people =
| title = ReForm - Hollywood's Creating Digital Clones
| medium = youtube
| publisher = The Creators Project
| location =
| date = 2020-07-13
| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTC3k9Iv4r0
}}

</ref> utilizing the USC light stage X by Ghosh et al. for both reflectance field and motion capture.<ref name="Deb2013">{{cite web
| last = Debevec
| first = Paul
| title = Digital Ira SIGGRAPH 2013 Real-Time Live
| website =
| date =
| url = http://gl.ict.usc.edu/Research/DigitalIra/
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2017-07-13}}
</ref> The end result both precomputed and real-time rendering with the modernest game [[w:Graphics processing unit|w:GPU]] shown [http://gl.ict.usc.edu/Research/DigitalIra/ here] and looks fairly realistic.

* '''2013''' | demonstration | A '''[https://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Scanning%20and%20Printing%20a%203D%20Portrait%20of%20President%20Barack%20Obama.pdf 'Scanning and Printing a 3D Portrait of President Barack Obama' at ict.usc.edu]'''. A 7D model and a 3D bust was made of President Obama with his consent. Relevancy: <font color="green">'''Relevancy: certain'''</font>

* '''2011''' | <font color="green">'''Law in Finland'''</font> | Distribution and attempt of distribution and also possession of '''synthetic [[w:Child sexual abuse material|CSAM]]''' was '''criminalized''' on Wednesday 2011-06-01, upon the initiative of the [[w:Vanhanen II Cabinet]]. These protections against CSAM were moved into 19 §, 20 § and 21 § of Chapter 20 when the [[Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023]] was improved and gathered into Chapter 20 upon the initiative of the [[w:Marin Cabinet]].

== 2000's synthetic human-like fakes ==

* '''2010''' | movie | [[w:Walt Disney Pictures]] released a sci-fi sequel entitled ''[[w:Tron: Legacy]]'' with a digitally rejuvenated digital look-alike made of the actor [[w:Jeff Bridges]] playing the [[w:antagonist]] [[w:List of Tron characters#CLU|w:CLU]].

* '''2009''' | movie | A digital look-alike of a younger [[w:Arnold Schwarzenegger]] was made for the movie ''[[w:Terminator Salvation]]'' though the end result was critiqued as unconvincing. Facial geometry was acquired from a 1984 mold of Schwarzenegger.

* '''2009''' | demonstration | [http://www.ted.com/talks/paul_debevec_animates_a_photo_real_digital_face.html Paul Debevec: ''''Animating a photo-realistic face'''' at ted.com] Debevec et al. presented new digital likenesses, made by [[w:Image Metrics]], this time of actress [[w:Emily O'Brien]] whose reflectance was captured with the USC light stage 5. At 00:04:59 you can see two clips, one with the real Emily shot with a real camera and one with a digital look-alike of Emily, shot with a simulation of a camera - <u>Which is which is difficult to tell</u>. Bruce Lawmen was scanned using USC light stage 6 in still position and also recorded running there on a [[w:treadmill]]. Many, many digital look-alikes of Bruce are seen running fluently and natural looking at the ending sequence of the TED talk video. <ref name="Deb2009">[http://www.ted.com/talks/paul_debevec_animates_a_photo_real_digital_face.html In this TED talk video] at 00:04:59 you can see ''two clips, one with the real Emily shot with a real camera and one with a digital look-alike of Emily, shot with a simulation of a camera - <u>Which is which is difficult to tell</u>''. Bruce Lawmen was scanned using USC light stage 6 in still position and also recorded running there on a [[w:treadmill]]. Many, many digital look-alikes of Bruce are seen running fluently and natural looking at the ending sequence of the TED talk video.</ref> Motion looks fairly convincing contrasted to the clunky run in the [[w:Animatrix#Final Flight of the Osiris|w:''Animatrix: Final Flight of the Osiris'']] which was [[w:state-of-the-art]] in 2003 if photorealism was the intention of the [[w:animators]].

* '''2004''' | movie | The '''[[w:Spider-man 2]]''' (and '''[[w:Spider-man 3]]''', 2007) films. Relevancy: The films include a [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alike|digital look-alike]] made of actor [[w:Tobey Maguire]] by [[w:Sony Pictures Imageworks]].<ref name="Pig2005">{{cite web
| last = Pighin
| first = Frédéric
| author-link =
| title = Siggraph 2005 Digital Face Cloning Course Notes
| website =
| date =
| url = http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~lizhang/sig-course-05-face/COURSE_9_DigitalFaceCloning.pdf
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2020-06-26}}
</ref>

* '''2003''' | short film | [[w:The Animatrix#Final Flight of the Osiris|w:''The Animatrix: Final Flight of the Osiris'']] a [[w:state-of-the-art]] want-to-be human likenesses not quite fooling the watcher made by [[w:Square Pictures#Square Pictures|w:Square Pictures]].

[[File:The-matrix-logo.svg|thumb|left|300px|Logo of the [[w:The Matrix (franchise)]]]]

[[File:BSSDF01_400.svg|thumb|left|300px|Traditional [[w:Bidirectional reflectance distribution function|w:BRDF]] vs. [[w:subsurface scattering|subsurface scattering]] inclusive BSSRDF i.e. [[w:Bidirectional scattering distribution function#Overview of the BxDF functions|w:Bidirectional scattering-surface reflectance distribution function]]. <br/><br/>

An analytical BRDF must take into account the subsurface scattering, or the end result '''will not pass human testing'''.]]

* '''2003''' | movie(s) | The '''[[w:Matrix Reloaded]]''' and '''[[w:Matrix Revolutions]]''' films. Relevancy: '''First public display''' of '''[[synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|digital look-alikes]]''' that are virtually '''indistinguishable from''' the '''real actors'''. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215518319_Universal_Capture_-_Image-based_Facial_Animation_for_The_Matrix_Reloaded ''''''Universal Capture - Image-based Facial Animation for "The Matrix Reloaded"'''''' at researchgate.net] (2003)

{{#ev:youtube|3qIXIHAmcKU|640px|right|Music video for '''''Bullet''''' by [[w:Covenant (band)|w:Covenant]] from 2002. Here you can observe the classic "''skin looks like cardboard''"-bug that stopped the pre-reflectance capture era versions from passing human testing.}}

* '''2002''' | music video | '''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3qIXIHAmcKU 'Bullet' by Covenant on Youtube]''' by [[w:Covenant (band)]] from their album [[w:Northern Light (Covenant album)]]. Relevancy: Contains the best upper-torso digital look-alike of Eskil Simonsson (vocalist) that their organization could procure at the time. Here you can observe the '''classic "''skin looks like cardboard''"-bug''' (assuming this was not intended) that '''thwarted efforts to''' make digital look-alikes that '''pass human testing''' before the '''reflectance capture and dissection in 1999''' by [[w:Paul Debevec]] et al. at the [[w:University of Southern California]] and subsequent development of the '''"Analytical [[w:bidirectional reflectance distribution function|w:BRDF]]"''' (quote-unquote) by ESC Entertainment, a company set up for the '''sole purpose''' of '''making the cinematography''' for the 2003 films Matrix Reloaded and Matrix Revolutions '''possible''', lead by George Borshukov.

== 1990's synthetic human-like fakes ==

[[File:Institute for Creative Technologies (logo).jpg|thumb|left|156px|Logo of the '''[[w:Institute for Creative Technologies]]''' founded in 1999 in the [[w:University of Southern California]] by the [[w:United States Army]]]]

* <font color="red">'''1999'''</font> | <font color="red">'''science'''</font> | '''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=344855 'Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face' paper at dl.acm.org ]''' [[w:Paul Debevec]] et al. of [[w:University of Southern California|w:USC]] did the '''first known reflectance capture''' over '''the human face''' with their extremely simple [[w:light stage]]. They presented their method and results in [[w:SIGGRAPH]] 2000. The scientific breakthrough required finding the [[w:subsurface scattering|w:subsurface light component]] (the simulation models are glowing from within slightly) which can be found using knowledge that light that is reflected from the oil-to-air layer retains its [[w:Polarization (waves)]] and the subsurface light loses its polarization. So equipped only with a movable light source, movable video camera, 2 polarizers and a computer program doing extremely simple math and the last piece required to reach photorealism was acquired.<ref name="Deb2000"/>

* <font color="red">'''1999'''</font> | <font color="red">'''institute founded'''</font> | The '''[[w:Institute for Creative Technologies]]''' was founded by the [[w:United States Army]] in the [[w:University of Southern California]]. It collaborates with the [[w:United States Army Futures Command]], [[w:United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command]], [[w:Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center]] and [[w:United States Army Research Laboratory]].<ref name="ICT-about">https://ict.usc.edu/about/</ref>. In 2016 [[w:Hao Li]] was appointed to direct the institute.

* '''1997''' | '''technology / science''' | [https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Research/Projects/CS/vision/human/bregler-sig97.pdf ''''Video rewrite: Driving visual speech with audio'''' at www2.eecs.berkeley.edu]<ref name="Bregler1997" /><ref group="1st seen in" name="Bohacek-Farid-2022">

PROTECTING PRESIDENT ZELENSKYY AGAINST DEEP FAKES https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.12043.pdf

</ref> Christoph Breigler, Michelle Covell and Malcom Slaney presented their work at the ACM SIGGRAPH 1997. [https://www.dropbox.com/sh/s4l00z7z4gn7bvo/AAAP5oekFqoelnfZYjS8NQyca?dl=0 Download video evidence of ''Video rewrite: Driving visual speech with audio'' Bregler et al 1997 from dropbox.com], [http://chris.bregler.com/videorewrite/ view author's site at chris.bregler.com], [https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/258734.258880 paper at dl.acm.org] [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220720338_Video_Rewrite_Driving_Visual_Speech_with_Audio paper at researchgate.net]

* '''1994''' | movie | [[w:The Crow (1994 film)]] was the first film production to make use of [[w:digital compositing]] of a computer simulated representation of a face onto scenes filmed using a [[w:body double]]. Necessity was the muse as the actor [[w:Brandon Lee]] portraying the protagonist was tragically killed accidentally on-stage.

== 1970's synthetic human-like fakes ==

{{#ev:vimeo|16292363|480px|right|''[[w:A Computer Animated Hand|w:A Computer Animated Hand]]'' is a 1972 short film by [[w:Edwin Catmull]] and [[w:Fred Parke]]. This was the first time that [[w:computer-generated imagery]] was used in film to animate likenesses of moving human appearance.}}

* '''1976''' | movie | ''[[w:Futureworld]]'' reused parts of ''A Computer Animated Hand'' on the big screen.

* '''1972''' | entertainment | '''[https://vimeo.com/59434349 'A Computer Animated Hand' on Vimeo]'''. [[w:A Computer Animated Hand]] by [[w:Edwin Catmull]] and [[w:Fred Parke]]. Relevancy: This was the '''first time''' that [[w:computer-generated imagery]] was used in film to '''animate''' moving '''human-like appearance'''.

* '''1971''' | science | '''[https://interstices.info/images-de-synthese-palme-de-la-longevite-pour-lombrage-de-gouraud/ 'Images de synthèse : palme de la longévité pour l’ombrage de Gouraud' (still photos)]'''. [[w:Henri Gouraud (computer scientist)]] made the first [[w:Computer graphics]] [[w:geometry]] [[w:digitization]] and representation of a human face. Modeling was his wife Sylvie Gouraud. The 3D model was a simple [[w:wire-frame model]] and he applied [[w:Gouraud shading]] to produce the '''first known representation''' of '''human-likeness''' on computer. <ref>{{cite web|title=Images de synthèse : palme de la longévité pour l'ombrage de Gouraud|url=http://interstices.info/jcms/c_25256/images-de-synthese-palme-de-la-longevite-pour-lombrage-de-gouraud}}</ref>

== 1960's synthetic human-like fakes ==

* '''1961''' | demonstration | The first singing by a computer was performed by an [[w:IBM 704]] and the song was [[w:Daisy Bell]], written in 1892 by British songwriter [[w:Harry Dacre]]. Go to [[Mediatheque#1961]] to view.

== 1930's synthetic human-like fakes ==
[[File:Homer Dudley (October 1940). "The Carrier Nature of Speech". Bell System Technical Journal, XIX(4);495-515. -- Fig.5 The voder being demonstrated at the New York World's Fair.jpg|thumb|left|300px|'''[[w:Voder]]''' demonstration pavillion at the [[w:1939 New York World's Fair]]]]

* '''1939''' | demonstration | '''[[w:Voder]]''' (''Voice Operating Demonstrator'') from the [[w:Bell Labs|w:Bell Telephone Laboratory]] was the first time that [[w:speech synthesis]] was done electronically by breaking it down into its acoustic components. It was invented by [[w:Homer Dudley]] in 1937–1938 and developed on his earlier work on the [[w:vocoder]]. (Wikipedia)

== 1770's synthetic human-like fakes ==

[[File:Kempelen Speakingmachine.JPG|right|thumb|300px|A replica of [[w:Wolfgang von Kempelen]]'s [[w:Wolfgang von Kempelen's Speaking Machine]], built 2007–09 at the Department of [[w:Phonetics]], [[w:Saarland University]], [[w:Saarbrücken]], Germany. This machine added models of the tongue and lips, enabling it to produce [[w:consonant]]s as well as [[w:vowel]]s]]

* '''1791''' | science | '''[[w:Wolfgang von Kempelen's Speaking Machine]]''' of [[w:Wolfgang von Kempelen]] of [[w:Pressburg]], [[w:Hungary]], described in a 1791 paper was [[w:bellows]]-operated.<ref>''Mechanismus der menschlichen Sprache nebst der Beschreibung seiner sprechenden Maschine'' ("Mechanism of the human speech with description of its speaking machine", J. B. Degen, Wien).</ref> This machine added models of the tongue and lips, enabling it to produce [[w:consonant]]s as well as [[w:vowel]]s. (based on [[w:Speech synthesis#History]])

* '''1779''' | science / discovery | [[w:Christian Gottlieb Kratzenstein]] won the first prize in a competition announced by the [[w:Russian Academy of Sciences]] for '''models''' he built of the '''human [[w:vocal tract]]''' that could produce the five long '''[[w:vowel]]''' sounds.<ref name="Helsinki">
[http://www.acoustics.hut.fi/publications/files/theses/lemmetty_mst/chap2.html History and Development of Speech Synthesis], Helsinki University of Technology, Retrieved on November 4, 2006
</ref> (Based on [[w:Speech synthesis#History]])

----

= Footnotes =
<references group="footnote" />

== Contact information of organizations ==
Please contact [[Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|these organizations]] and tell them to work harder against the disinformation weapons

= 1st seen in =
<references group="1st seen in" />

= References =
<references />

Laws against synthesis and other related crimes

2025-08-22T11:42:08Z

Juho Kunsola: /* Denmark */ + '''Official''' + https://kum.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/bred-aftale-om-deepfakes-giver-alle-ret-til-egen-krop-og-egen-stemme press release of the Ministry of Culture on the new planned biometrics copyright protection bill Thursday 2025-06-26

[[File:No-synthetic-F.png|thumb|right|260px|link=Main Page|This article is an attempt to track legislation against '''[[synthetic human-like fakes]]''' world-wide.]]
[[File:Screenshot at 27s of a moving digital-look-alike made to appear Obama-like by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed 2018.png|thumb|right|480px|link=Mediatheque/2018/Obama's appearance thieved - a public service announcement digital look-alike by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Obama-like-fake-2018}}]]
[[File:Appearance of Richard Nixon stolen by the Center for Advanced Virtuality of MIT for their awareness raising project In The Event of Moon Disaster 2020 screenshot at 376s.png|thumb|rightr|480px|link=Mediatheque/2020/Nixon's appearance and voice stolen - a public service announcement digital look-alike and sound-alike by MIT's Center for Advanced Virtuality|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Nixon-like-fake-2020}}]]
[[File:Justice scale silhouette, medium.svg|thumb|right|200px|Do you know of a law or jurisdiction that this list does not include? Add it! Or let us know through the chat in the lower-righthand side!]]

This article contains some current laws against abusive uses of synthetic human-like fakes and also information what kind of laws are being prepared and two SSFWIKI original law proposals, [[#Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth|one against digital look-alikes]] and [[#Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice|one against digital sound-alikes]].

'''Information elsewhere / legal information compilations''' (recommended)
<section begin=anti-fake-law-compilations/>
* <section begin=ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker/>[https://legislation.ballotpedia.org/ai-deepfakes/home '''''AI deepfake legislation tracker''''' at legislation.ballotpedia.org] by Ballotpedia.org for tracking US legislation.<section end=ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker/>
* {{#lst:Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|cybercivilrights.org law compilations}}
* <section begin=responsible.ai 2023/>[https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches '''''A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches''''' at responsible.ai]<ref name="responsible.ai 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches
| title = A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches
| last = Lawson
| first = Amanda
| date = 2023-04-24
| website = responsible.ai
| publisher = Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> April 2023 compilation and reporting by Amanda Lawson of the Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute.<section end=responsible.ai 2023/>
* <section begin=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>[https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/ '''''The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology''''' at legaljournal.princeton.edu]<ref name="Princeton Legal Journal 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/
| title = The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology
| last = Quirk
| first = Caroline
| date = 2023-06-19
| website = legaljournal.princeton.edu
| publisher = Princeton Legal Journal
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}

</ref> compilation and reporting by Caroline Quirk. PLJ is Princeton’s only student-run law review.<section end=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>
* <section begin=tech policy press 2023/>[https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/ '''''Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography''''' at techpolicy.press]<ref name="tech policy press 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/
| title = Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography
| last = Williams
| first = Kaylee
| date = 2023-05-15
| website = techpolicy.press
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> May 2023 compilation and reporting by Kaylee Williams<section end=tech policy press 2023/>

* <section begin=Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA/>[https://foundationra.com/deepfake-ai-laws/ '''''Deepfake AI laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com], [https://foundationra.com/sextortion-laws/ '''''Sextortion laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com] and [https://foundationra.com/revenge-porn-laws-us/ '''''Revenge porn laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com] compilations by [https://foundationra.com/ Foundation RA]<section end=Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA/>
* <section begin=Onfido 2024/>[https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/ '''''Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?''''' at onfido.com]<ref name="Onfido 2024">
{{cite web
| url = https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/
| title = Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?
| last = Owen
| first = Aled
| date = 2024-02-02
| website = onfido.com
| publisher = Onfido
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> February 2024 summary and compilation by Aled Owen, Director of Global Policy at Onfido (for-profit)<section end=Onfido 2024/>

* <section begin=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>[https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html '''''Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?''''' at criminaldefenselawyer.com] <ref name="criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html
| title = Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?
| last = Pirius
| first = Rebecca
| date = 2024-02-07
| website = Criminaldefenselawyer.com
| publisher = [[w:Nolo (publisher)]]
| access-date = 2024-02-22
| quote =
}}

</ref> by Rebecca Pirius is a good bring-together of the current illegality/legality situation in the USA federally and state-wise. Published by [[w:Nolo (publisher)]], updated Feb 2024<section end=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>

* <section begin=tclf 2023/>[https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/ '''''Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace''''' at tclf.in]<ref name="tclf 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/
| title = Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace
| last = Rastogi
| first = Janvhi
| date = 2023-10-16
| website = tclf.in
| publisher = The Contemporary Law Forum
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> October 2023 compilation and reporting by Janvhi Rastogi, published in the The Contemporary Law Forum.<section end=tclf 2023/>

* <section begin=endcyberabuse.org/>[https://endcyberabuse.org/country-factsheets/ '''''The Law on Image-Based Sexual Abuse Worldwide''''' at endcyberabuse.org] contains information for Bangladesh, Canada, England and Wales, France, Germany, India, Japan, Pakistan, Philippines and the USA.<section end=endcyberabuse.org/>
<section end=anti-fake-law-compilations/>

'''New laws'''
* [[#UK|UK]]'s [[#Online Safety Act 2023|Online Safety Act 2023]] has been passed to law and reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.
* The [[#EU|European Union]] has finalized a law package to regulate AI called the [[#Artificial Intelligence Act|Artificial Intelligence Act]]

'''New bills are currently in the works in'''
* Current [[#Bills in the EU|bills in the EU]] of high importance are the almost finalized [[#Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence|Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence]] and the [[#Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse|Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]
* [[#Current bills in the USA|US Senate is considering an anti-fake bill and the House is considering several bills]]
* [[#Canada|Canada]] is considering C-27
* [[#China|China]] seems to be planning to ban all synthetic pornography, however consensual its making was

'''Bills that didn't make it'''
* [[#Canada|Canada's House of Commons]] was considering banning all pornographic content, for which there is no proof-of-age and written consent from everybody visible in the pornographic recording.
* [[#Past bills in the USA|Past bills in the USA]]

= International =
The '''[[w:Convention on Cybercrime]]''', also known as the '''Budapest Convention on Cybercrime''' or the '''Budapest Convention''', is the first international [[w:treaty]] seeking to address [[w:Internet]] and [[w:computer crime]] (cybercrime) harmonizing [[w:municipal law|national laws]], improving investigative techniques, and increasing cooperation among nations.<ref>[https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=185 Convention on Cybercrime, Budapest, 23 November 2001.]</ref> (Wikipedia) The. convention was signed on 2001-11-23

'''[[w:Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime]]''', concerning the criminalisation of acts of a racist and xenophobic nature committed through computer systems is an additional protocol to the [[w:Council of Europe]] Convention on Cybercrime.

= Australia =

[[File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|thumb|right|200px|Australia]]

== Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Act 2024 ==
'''The Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024'''<ref group="1st seen in">ChatGPT Deep research on augmenting this list of laws</ref> criminalized the creation, distribution, and even possession of explicit synthetic human-like fakes without consent.<ref name="GLI2024">https://www.globallegalinsights.com/news/australia-introduces-legislation-to-combat-deepfake-sexual-material/</ref>

Those who create a sexual deepfake of someone without consent face up to 10 years in prison. Those who share or distribute such material (even if they didn’t create it) can get up to 7 years, and merely possessing deepfake porn can lead to 5 years behind bars. Penalties escalate for aggravated cases – if the deepfake is used to harass or blackmail or if the victim is a minor, sentences can reach 15 years.<ref name="GLI2024"/>

'''Official'''
* [https://ministers.ag.gov.au/media-centre/new-criminal-laws-combat-sexually-explicit-deepfakes-21-08-2024 '''''New criminal laws to combat sexually explicit deepfakes''''' at ministers.ag.gov.au]
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/bd/bd2324a/24bd081 '''''Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024 digest''' at aph.gov.au] by Owen Griffiths.
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_LEGislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r7205 '''''Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024''''' progression summary at aph.gov.au]

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.globallegalinsights.com/news/australia-introduces-legislation-to-combat-deepfake-sexual-material/ '''''Australia introduces legislation to combat deepfake sexual material''''' at globallegalinsights.com]

== Online Safety Act 2021 ==

The [https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2021A00076/latest/text '''Online Safety Act 2021''' at legislation.gov.au]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing paper">https://equalitynow.org/resource/briefing-paper-deepfake-image-based-sexual-abuse-tech-facilitated-sexual-exploitation-and-the-law/</ref> regulates the non-consensual sharing or threatening to share sexual images.

If the synthetic fake human-like images depict illegal and restricted online content, then the Online Content Scheme, as defined in the Online Safety Act 2021, may apply.<ref name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing">https://equalitynow.org/resource/briefing-paper-deepfake-image-based-sexual-abuse-tech-facilitated-sexual-exploitation-and-the-law/</ref>

[https://www.esafety.gov.au/ '''Office of the eSafety Commissioner''' at esafety.gov.au] is Australia's independent regulator for online safety.

'''Links'''
* [https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/whats-on/online-safety-act '''''Learn about the Online Safety Act''''' at esafety.gov.au]
* [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-technology-communications/internet/online-safety/current-legislation '''''Key elements of the Online Safety Act 2021''''' at infrastructure.gov.au]
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_LEGislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r6680 '''Online Safety Bill 2021''' at aph.gov.au]
* [https://foundationra.com/australia/ '''Revenge porn laws in Australia''' at foundationra.com]

= Canada =
[[File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg|thumb|right|200px|House of Commons of Canada was contemplating banning distribution of all pornography for which there are no consent declarations and proof-of-age for the people depicted.]]

The existing Canadian law ban the distribution of non-consensual disclosure of intimate images.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

== Active bills in Canada ==
=== Digital Charter Implementation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-27 ===
[https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/c-27 '''''Digital Charter Implementation Act''''' at parl.ca] or ''An Act to enact the Consumer Privacy Protection Act, the Personal Information and Data Protection Tribunal Act and the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act and to make consequential and related amendments to other Acts''

== Past bills in Canada ==
=== Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-270 ===

* [https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading House of Commons of Canada bill '''C-270''' ''''''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'''''' at parl.ca], an act to amend the [[w:Criminal Code (Canada)|Criminal Code]] regarding pornography was first read to the Commons by [[w:Arnold Viersen]] on Thursday 2022-04-28 at 10:15.

According to [https://www.townandcountrytoday.com/local-news/mp-submits-private-members-bill-for-second-time-5346232 townandcountrytoday.com] the author of the bill introduced an identical bill '''C-302''' on Thursday 2021-05-27, but that got killed off by oncoming federal elections

'''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''' - '''An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)''' is a private member's bill by Arnold Viersen ([https://www.arnoldviersen.ca/ Official Site at arnoldviersen.ca])

'''Summary of the C-270 from parl.ca'''
<blockquote>
"''This enactment amends the Criminal Code to prohibit a person from making, distributing or advertising pornographic material for commercial purposes without having first ascertained that, at the time the material was made, '''each person''' whose image is '''depicted''' in the material was '''18 years of age''' or older and '''gave their express consent''' to their image being depicted.''"</blockquote><ref name="Canada C-270">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading
|title= Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)
|last=Viersen
|first=Arnold
|date=2022-04-28
|website=parl.ca
|publisher=[[w:House of Commons of Canada]]
|access-date=2022-10-06
|quote=}}

</ref>

'''Sommaire en français / Summary in French'''
<blockquote>
''Le texte modifie le Code criminel afin d’interdire à toute personne de produire ou de distribuer du matériel pornographique à des fins commerciales, ou d’en faire la publicité, sans s’être au préalable assurée qu’au moment de la production du matériel, '''chaque personne''' dont l’image y est représentée '''était âgée de dix-huit ans''' ou plus et '''avait donné son consentement exprès''' à ce que son image y soit représentée''.</blockquote><ref>Bilingual version of C-270 https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf</ref>

'''Links'''

* [https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' in English et en français at publications.gc.ca]
* [https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/C-270 Parliament of Canada LEGISinfo: C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at parl.ca] in English
* [https://openparliament.ca/bills/44-1/C-270/ C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at openparliament.ca] includes motivation of Mr. Arnold Viersen and the co-sponsor of the bill Mr. Garnett Genuis.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.conservative.ca/mp-viersen-reintroduces-the-stopping-internet-sexual-exploitation-sise-act/ ''MP Viersen reintroduces the Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation (SISE) Act'' at conservative.ca]

----

= China =
This information should be updated.
[[File:Flag of China.png|thumb|right|200px|China passed a law requiring faked footage to be labeled as such, effective 2020-01-01]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in China ==

=== Mandatory labeling of fake media in China since 2020 ===
<section begin=China2020 />On Wednesday January 1 2020 Chinese law requiring that synthetically faked footage should bear a clear notice about its fakeness came into effect. Failure to comply could be considered a [[w:crime]] the [[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]] ([http://www.cac.gov.cn/ cac.gov.cn]) stated on its website. China announced this new law in November 2019.<ref name="Reuters2019">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-technology/china-seeks-to-root-out-fake-news-and-deepfakes-with-new-online-content-rules-idUSKBN1Y30VU
| title = China seeks to root out fake news and deepfakes with new online content rules
| last =
| first =
| date = 2019-11-29
| website = [[w:Reuters.com]]
| publisher = [[w:Reuters]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref> The Chinese government seems to be reserving the right to prosecute both users and [[w:online video platform]]s failing to abide by the rules. <ref name="TheVerge2019">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/29/20988363/china-deepfakes-ban-internet-rules-fake-news-disclosure-virtual-reality
| title = China makes it a criminal offense to publish deepfakes or fake news without disclosure
| last = Statt
| first = Nick
| date = 2019-11-29
| website =
| publisher = [[w:The Verge]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref>
<section end=China2020 />

=== Deep Synthesis Provisions 2023 ===
On Tuesday 2023-01-10 the Deep Synthesis Provisions came into effect. It was originally drafted in 2022 by the '''[[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]]''' as [https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/deep-synthesis-draft/ '''''Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis Internet Information Services''''' (Draft for solicitation of comments) at chinalawtranslate.com] or [http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-01/28/c_1644970458520968.htm view the Chinese language draft '''''国家互联网信息办公室关于《互联网信息服务深度合成管理规定（征求意见稿）》公开征求意见的通知''''' at cac.gov.cn]<ref group="1st seen in">'''Politico AI: Decoded''' mailing list Wednesday 2022-02-02</ref>.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://thediplomat.com/2023/03/chinas-new-legislation-on-deepfakes-should-the-rest-of-asia-follow-suit/ '''''China’s New Legislation on Deepfakes: Should the Rest of Asia Follow Suit?''''' at thediplomat.com] March 2023 reporting
----
= Denmark =
[[File:Animated flag GIFGIFs Denmark.gif|thumb|right|300px|Denmark is considering a novel approach against synthetic filth, by planning to give Danes copyright over their own appearance and voice, a shift from previous legislative approaches against [[synthetic human-like fakes]].]]
Denmark is currently considering changing its laws so that each Dane would have copyright over their own appearance and voice. The Danish approach is novel because it creates a [[w:Right to property|w:property right]] in one’s biometric identity, treating voice/appearance like [[w:intellectual property]], whereas the previous legislative steps elsewhere have been harms-based.

The legislative proposal comes from the Department of Culture of Denmark and is said to have massive support among MPs.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/> The planned changes to Danish copyright law will, once approved, theoretically give people in Denmark the right to demand that online platforms remove content that is in violation of a Danish human's copyright.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/> Parodies and satire get an exception and would still be permitted.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/>

'''Official'''
* [https://kum.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/bred-aftale-om-deepfakes-giver-alle-ret-til-egen-krop-og-egen-stemme '''''Bred aftale om deepfakes giver alle ret til egen krop og egen stemme''''' at kum.dk] press release of the Ministry of Culture on the new planned biometrics copyright protection bill Thursday 2025-06-26

'''Reporting'''

* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jun/27/deepfakes-denmark-copyright-law-artificial-intelligence '''''Denmark to tackle deepfakes by giving people copyright to their own features''''' at theguardian.com] by Miranda Bryant 2025-06-27<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025">
{{cite web
|last = Bryant
|first = Miranda
|date = 2025-06-27
|title = Denmark to tackle deepfakes by giving people copyright to their own features
|url = https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jun/27/deepfakes-denmark-copyright-law-artificial-intelligence
|website = theguardian.com
|location = UK
|publisher = The Guardian
|access-date = 2026-08-22
|quote = The Danish culture minister, Jakob Engel-Schmidt, said he hoped the bill before parliament would send an “unequivocal message” that everybody had the right to the way they looked and sounded. He told the Guardian: “In the bill we agree and are sending an unequivocal message that everybody has the right to their own body, their own voice and their own facial features, which is apparently not how the current law is protecting people against generative AI.”
}}
</ref>
* [https://lsj.com.au/articles/denmark-proposes-copyright-laws-to-protect-against-deepfakes/ '''''Denmark proposes copyright laws to protect against deepfakes''''' at lsj.com.au] reporting and analysis by Cat Woods 2025-07-16

----

= EU =
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|200px|The EU must address the malicious uses of AI in the law it is planning to regulate AI.]]
== Laws in the EU ==
=== Artificial Intelligence Act ===

The European Union has a law on AI called '''[[w:Artificial Intelligence Act]]'''. The European Commission proposed the AI Act in 2021. On Wednesday 2024-03-13 the MEPs adopted this law.<ref>

{{cite web
| url = https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law
| title = Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law
| last =
| first =
| date = 2024-03-13
| website = europarl.europa.eu
| publisher = [[w:European Parliament]]
| access-date = 2024-03-22
| quote = The regulation, agreed in negotiations with member states in December 2023, was endorsed by MEPs with 523 votes in favour, 46 against and 49 abstentions.
}}

</ref> The AI Act will have a key role in the effective implementation of upcoming EU [[#Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence|Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence]] and [[#Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse|Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]] that intend to protect us against synthetic pornography.

* European '''Artificial Intelligence Act''' has been approved by the member countries and is on track to be approved by April 2024.<ref>https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-artificial-intelligence-act-ai-technology-risk-rules/</ref> Read [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206 Proposal for a '''''REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL LAYING DOWN HARMONISED RULES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACT) AND AMENDING CERTAIN UNION LEGISLATIVE ACTS''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu]<ref group="1st seen in">https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/the-act/ via https://futureoflife.org/ newsletter</ref> (also contains translations)

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-europe-fit-for-the-digital-age/file-regulation-on-artificial-intelligence '''''Artificial intelligence act''''' in the Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu]

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law '''''Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a press announcement on the adoption of the Artificial Intelligence Act on Wednesday 2024-03-13.

'''Studies and information'''

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/stoa/en/document/EPRS_STU(2021)690039 '''''Tackling deepfakes in European policy''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a 2021 study by the Panel for the Future of Science and Technology and published by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]]. [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/690039/EPRS_STU(2021)690039_EN.pdf View .pdf at europarl.europa.eu]
* [https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/ '''''The EU Artificial Intelligence Act''''' at artificialintelligenceact.eu] is a website promising ''Up-to-date developments and analyses of the EU AI Act'' on the new EU law by the [https://futureoflife.org/ Future of Life Institute], an American non-profit NGO.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euractiv.com/section/artificial-intelligence/opinion/the-ai-act-vs-deepfakes-a-step-forward-but-is-it-enough/ '''''The AI Act vs. deepfakes: A step forward, but is it enough?''''' at euractiv.com], 2024-02-26 opinion piece by Cristina Vanberghen

=== Digital Services Act ===
[https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/digital-services-act-package '''The Digital Services Act''' package at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] [[w:Digital Services Act]] (DSA) came into force in November 2022.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

The Artificial Intelligence Act and Digital Services Act together will help in the enforcement of the upcoming protections to shield us from synthesis crimes.

== Bills in the EU ==
=== Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence ===
The [https://commission.europa.eu/document/28552314-3316-40b4-ae0f-17ff8ab9f43f_en '''''Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at commission.europa.eu] will require, among other things, that member states criminalize non-consensual [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|synthetic digital look-alike]] pornography in their criminal codes.

'''Official'''

* [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52022PC0105 '''''Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu] has the directive text in all languages and various formats

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-new-push-for-european-democracy/file-legislative-proposal-on-gender-based-violence '''''Legislative proposal on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''close to adoption''. (As of March 2024)

* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_649 '''''Commission welcomes political agreement on new rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-02-06 press release by the [[w:European Commission]].

* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_1533 '''''International Women's Day 2022: Commission proposes EU-wide rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-03-08 press release by the EC.

'''Unofficial'''

* [https://hateaid.org/en/eu-protects-women-from-digital-violence/ '''''Deepfakes and dick pics: EU protects women from digital violence''''' at hateaid.org], a 2024-02-07 press release by HateAid.org

* [https://futureoflife.org/ai-policy/disrupting-the-deepfake-pipeline-in-europe/ '''''Disrupting the Deepfake Pipeline in Europe''''' at futureoflife.org], 2024-02-22 article on the approach of ''Leveraging corporate criminal liability under the Violence Against Women Directive to safeguard against pornographic deepfake exploitation'' by Alexandra Tsalidis

=== Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse ===

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-promoting-our-european-way-of-life/file-combating-child-sexual-abuse-online '''''New legislation to fight child sexual abuse online''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''tabled''. (As of March 2024)
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/ '''''Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/timeline-prevention-of-online-child-sexual-abuse/ '''''Timeline - Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]

{{Q|The '''Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse''' ('''Child Sexual Abuse Regulation''', or '''CSAR''') is a [[w:European Union regulation]] proposed by the [[w:European Commissioner for Home Affairs]] [[w:Ylva Johansson]] on 11 May 2022. The stated aim of the legislation is to prevent child sexual abuse online through the implementation of a number of measures, including the establishment of a framework that would make the detection and reporting of child sexual abuse material ([[w:Child pornography|CSAM]]) by digital platforms a legal requirement within the European Union.|Wikipedia as of March 2024|[[w:Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]}}

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/02/06/new-eu-rules-will-criminalise-paedophilia-handbooks-and-deepfakes-of-child-abuse '''''New EU rules will criminalise 'paedophilia handbooks' and deepfakes of child abuse''''' at euronews.com], 2024-02-06 reporting

== Code of practice on Disinformation 2022 ==
The [https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation '''2022 Code of Practice on Disinformation''' at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] - ''Major online platforms, emerging and specialised platforms, players in the advertising industry, fact-checkers, research and civil society organisations delivered a strengthened Code of Practice on Disinformation following the Commission’s Guidance of May 2021''.<ref>https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation</ref>

= Finland =
[[File:Flag of Finland.svg|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|200px|Finland finally updated its laws in 2023 against synthetic filth attacks against adults.]]
[[File:Suomen lippu valokuva.png|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|255px|Finland strongly criminalized synthetic sexual pictures depicting children in 2011, upon the initiative of the [[w:Vanhanen II Cabinet]]]]
== Laws in Finland ==

[[File:Flag_of_Finland.svg|link=Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023|25px]] Suomeksi / in Finnish [[Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023]]

=== Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|what-is-it}}

=== Finland criminalized synthetic CSAM in 2011 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|history}}

----
= France =
[https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F32103 '''''Droit à l'image et respect de la vie privée''''' at service-public.fr] or in English [https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F32103?lang=en '''''Right to the image and respect for privacy''''' at service-public.fr] (automatic translation)

----

= Germany =
[[File:Flag of Germany.svg|thumb|right|200px|Existing German laws provide protection against appearance theft.]]
* [https://mj-cohen.com/2020/01/03/deepfakes-and-german-law/ '''''Deepfakes and German law''''' at mj-cohen.com], January 2020 summary by Maureen Cohen states that the existing German laws are well equipped rendering non-consensual digital look-alikes illegal.

----
= India =
[[File:Flag of India.svg|thumb|right|200px|India]]

'''Laws in India'''

Laws in India can be accessed through the [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/ '''India Code''' at indiacode.nic.in]

'''[[w:Information Technology Act, 2000]]'''
* Section 66. - '''Computer related offences.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=76&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66A. - Omitted. Would have been ''Punishment for sending offensive messages through communication service, etc.''
** Section 66B. - Punishment for dishonestly receiving stolen computer resource or communication device.
** Section 66C. - '''Punishment for identity theft.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=79&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66D. - '''Punishment for cheating by personation by using computer resource.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=80&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66E. - '''Punishment for violation of privacy.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=81#:~:text=Whoever%2C%20intentionally%20or%20knowingly%20captures,two%20lakh%20rupees%2C%20or%20with</ref>
** Section 66F. - Punishment for cyber terrorism.
* Section 67. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting obscene material in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=83&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67A. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material containing sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=84&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67B. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material depicting children in sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=85&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67C. - Preservation and retention of information by intermediaries.

'''[[w:Information Technology Rules, 2021]]'''

'''Past bills in India'''
* [[w:Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019]]
'''Legal compilations on the legal situation against synthetic filth in India'''
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|tclf 2023}}
* [https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916 '''''Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture''''' at livelaw.in]<ref name="Livelaw.in 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916
| title = Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture
| last = Rana
| first = Vikrant
| last2 = Gandhi
| first2 = Anuradha
| last3 = Thakur
| first3 = Rachita
| date = 2023-11-24
| website = livelaw.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-21
| quote =
}}
</ref> 2023-11-24 compilation on laws against synthetic fakes in India, by Vikrant Rana, Anuradha Gandhi and Rachita Thakur
* [https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/ '''''What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?''''' at cybercert.in]<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/
| title = What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website = cybercert.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-03-23
| quote = At present, India does not have any law specifically for deep fake cybercrime, but various other laws can be combined to deal with it.
}}
</ref>
* [https://cybercert.in/indian-cyber-laws/ '''''Cyberlaw in India''''' at cybercert.in] provides a wider look into the Indian Cyber Laws

----
= New Zealand =
[[File:Flag of New Zealand.svg|thumb|right|200px|New Zealand]]

* [https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2015/0063/latest/whole.html ''''Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015'''' at legislation.govt.nz]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing paper"/> criminalises intimate visual recordings and image-based sexual abuse.

* '''[[w:Netsafe]]''' [https://netsafe.org.nz/ netsafe.org.nz] is an online safety non-profit organisation in New Zealand. It provides educational, anti-bullying and support services. The organisation is contracted under the [[w:Harmful Digital Communications Act]] until 2026. (Wikipedia)

* [https://www.cert.govt.nz/ '''CERT.govt.nz'''], the [[w:Computer emergency response team]] of New Zealand - "''Responding to cyber security threats in New Zealand - CERT NZ is your first port of call when you need to report a cyber security problem.''"

* The '''[[w:Department of Internal Affairs]]''' investigates the possession of, and trading in, child exploitation material.<ref>https://www.police.govt.nz/advice-services/cybercrime-and-internet/online-child-safety</ref>

'''Links regarding the Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015'''
* [https://www.police.govt.nz/advice-services/cybercrime-and-internet/harmful-digital-communications-hdc ''''Harmful Digital Communications (HDC)'''' at police.govt.nz] by the [[w:New Zealand Police]]
* [https://www.justice.govt.nz/courts/civil/harmful-digital-communications/ ''''Harmful digital communications'''' at justice.govt.nz] by the [[w:Ministry of Justice (New Zealand)]]
* [https://netsafe.org.nz/what-is-the-hdca/ '''''What is the HDCA?''''' at netsafe.org.nz] by [[w:Netsafe]], the agency approved by the [[w:New Zealand Police]] to process complaints about harmful digital communications.
* See Wikipedia article on '''[[w:Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015]]''' for more info

----

= Singapore =
[[File:Flag of Singapore.svg|thumb|right|200px|Singapore]]
== Law in Singapore ==
=== Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019 ===

[[w:Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> is a [[w:statute]] of the [[w:Parliament of Singapore]] that enables authorities to tackle the spread of [[w:fake news]] or [[w:false information]]. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protection_from_Online_Falsehoods_and_Manipulation_Act_2019&oldid=1134029282 Wikipedia])

----

= South Africa =
[[File:Flag of the Republic of South Africa.svg|thumb|right|200px|[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 South Africa's relatively new Cybercrimes Act (Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020)] has been enacted only partially on Dec 1 2021]]

== Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020 ==
[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 '''South-Africa Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020''' (English / Afrikaans) at gov.za]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref> came only partially into effect on Wednesday 2021-12-01.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref>

* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-16-distribution-of-data-message-of-intimate-image/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 16 - Disclosure of data message of intimate image''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] Subsection 1 states <blockquote>''Any person (‘‘A’’) who unlawfully and intentionally discloses, by means of an electronic communications service, a data message of an intimate image of a person (‘‘B’’), without the consent of B, is guilty of an offence.''
</blockquote>

* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-17-attempting-conspiring-aiding-abetting-inducing-inciting-instigating-instructing-commanding-or-procuring-to-commit-offence/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 17 - Attempting, conspiring, aiding, abetting, inducing, inciting, instigating, instructing, commanding or procuring to commit offence''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] states
<blockquote>
Any person who unlawfully and intentionally
# attempts;
# conspires with any other person; or
# aids, abets, induces, incites, instigates, instructs, commands or procures another person, to commit an offence in terms of Part I or Part II of this Chapter, is guilty of an offence and is liable on conviction to the punishment to which a person convicted of actually committing that offence would be liable.
</blockquote>

'''Links'''
* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/ '''Cybercrimes Act''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] by Accessible Law contains the law in website format

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/ '''''Not all of the cogs in the Cybercrimes Act machine are turning at once — we still remain vulnerable''''' at dailymaverick.co.za]

----
= South Korea =
[[File:Flag of South Korea.svg|thumb|right|200px|South Korea has invested heavily in AI research and has also legislation to counter the menaces of synthetic human-like fakes.]]
== Law in South Korea ==
=== ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES ===
[https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawView.do?hseq=40947&lang=ENG '''ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES''' at elaw.klri.re.kr] is a law in South Korea.<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

----

= UK =
* {{#lst:Glossary|UK-Parliament-glossary}}
* {{#lst:Glossary|Law-Society-glossary}}

== Law against synthesis crimes in the UK ==
[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|thumb|right|200px|The UK has improved its legislation.]]

=== Anti-CSAM measures 2025 ===
On Saturday 2025-02-01 Home Secretary Yvette Cooper announced that the UK will be the 1st country in the world to<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-leading-the-way-protecting-children-from-online-predators</ref>
* "''make it illegal to possess, create or distribute AI tools designed to generate child sexual abuse material (CSAM), punishable by up to 5 years in prison''"
* "''make it illegal for anyone to possess AI ‘paedophile manuals’ which teach people how to use AI to sexually abuse children, punishable by up to 3 years in prison''"

Also a law to
* "''introduce a specific offence for predators who run websites designed for other paedophiles to share vile child sexual abuse content or advice on how to groom children, punishable by up to 10 years in prison''"

Additional powers will be given to the Border Force
* "''give Border Force the necessary powers to keep the UK safe and prevent the distribution of CSAM which is often filmed abroad by allowing officers to compel an individual who they reasonably suspect poses a sexual risk to children to unlock their digital devices for inspection, punishable by up to 3 years in prison, depending on the severity''"

Official
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-leading-the-way-protecting-children-from-online-predators '''''Britain's leading the way protecting children from online predators ''''' at gov.uk] - ''UK becomes the first country in the world to create new AI sexual abuse offences to protect children from predators generating AI images. ''

Reporting
* [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8d90qe4nylo '''''AI-generated child sex abuse images targeted with new laws''''' at bbc.com]
* [https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/02/uk/britain-criminalizes-ai-child-sex-abuse-intl-hnk/index.html '''''UK to target AI child sex abuse tools in world first legal crackdown''''' at edition.cnn.com]
* [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/2/uk-to-become-first-country-to-criminalise-ai-child-abuse-tools '''''UK to become first country to criminalise AI child abuse tools''''' at aljazeera.com]
* [https://www.voanews.com/a/uk-to-become-1st-country-to-criminalize-ai-child-abuse-tools/7959851.html '''''UK to become 1st country to criminalize AI child abuse tools''''' at voanews.com]

=== Creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in the UK 2024 ===
On Tuesday 2024-04-16 the UK announced that '''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK'''.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com]</ref> This is a very good move and next logical step would be the prohibition of non-consensually possessing other people's appearance models and voice models, as suggested in [[#Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola|Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola]]. There is really no logical reason to allow criminal leagues to legally possess and trade their libraries of models without this acquisition through covert modeling or trading and possession of raw materials (covert models) to produce the disinformation weapons being illegal.

Reporting
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''Creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com]

=== Online Safety Act 2023 ===
[[w:Online Safety Act 2023]] [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2023/50/enacted '''Online Safety Act 2023''' at legislation.gov.uk] received Royal Assent on 2023-10-26<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular</ref> and it reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.

* '''Part 4''' - '''CSEA reporting''' of the Act on CSEA reporting has not yet come into effect as of February 2024.
** Section 66 requires providers of services regulated under the Act to have systems and processes in place (so far as possible) to ensure that they report all detected and unreported CSEA content present on the service to the NCA (National Crime Agency)
** '''Offence in relation to CSEA reporting''' in Section 69
* '''Part 7''' – '''Enforcement offences'''
* '''Part 10''' - '''Communication offences''' establishes
** '''False communications offence''' in Section 179
** '''Threatening communications offence''' in Section 181
** '''Offences of sending or showing flashing images electronically''' in Section 183
** '''Offence of encouraging or assisting serious self-harm''' in Section 184
** '''Sending etc photograph or film of genitals''' in Section 187
** '''Sharing or threatening to share intimate photograph or film''' in Section 188

The Online Safety Act 2023 came to be from a House of Lords bill UK's [https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3137 '''HL Bill 151''' - '''''Online Safety Bill''''' at bills.parliament.uk] The bill originated from the House of Commons sessions 2021-22 2022-23.

* [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular '''''Online Safety Act: new criminal offences circular''''' at gov.uk] published 2024-01-31 - It is a ''circular is issued to inform the police and other relevant public authorities of certain provisions of the Online Safety Act in particular new criminal offences.''
* [https://www.ofcom.org.uk/news-centre/2023/safer-life-online-for-people-in-uk ''Creating a safer life online for people in the UK'' at ofcom.org.uk]

* [https://www.gov.uk/guidance/a-guide-to-the-online-safety-bill ''A guide to the Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/online-safety-bill ''Documents, publications and announcements relating to the government's Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]

'''Reporting and summaries of the Online Safety Act'''
* [https://www.infolaw.co.uk/newsletter/2023/11/the-online-safety-act-2023-a-primer/ '''''The Online Safety Act 2023: a primer''''' at infolaw.co.uk], a 2023 primer on the Online Safety Act by Alex Heshmaty on 2023-11-29
* [https://www.epra.org/news_items/uk-the-online-safety-act-is-now-law-ofcom-s-powers-as-online-safety-regulator-have-officially-commenced '''''UK: The Online Safety Act is now law; Ofcom’s powers as online safety regulator have officially commenced''''' at epra.org] states that there will three successive implementation phases.

=== The Domestic Abuse Act 2021 Chapter 17, part 6 - Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films ===
'''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/contents/enacted Chapter 17] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/enacted Part 6 - ''Offences involving abusive or violent behaviour''] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted ''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films'' - ''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress'']

According to the UK-based [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/ '''Revenge Porn Helpline''' at revengepornhelpline.org.uk] article [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/ '''''What to do if someone is threatening to share your intimate images'''''] threats to share intimate images with the intent to cause distress is now an offense in UK law. This is included within the '''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' which was enacted into UK law on 29th June 2021.<ref>https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/</ref>

We don't know quite yet if the bug has been fixed, that if the pictures <u>are not pictures of you</u>, but [[synthetic human-like fakes]] the police cannot do anything.

'''Links'''
* [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted '''Domestic Abuse Act 2021''' / '''Chapter 17''' / '''Part 6''' / '''''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films''''' - '''''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress''''' at legislation.gov.uk]

=== Historical about the UK law against synthesis crimes ===

The UK law was not very up-to-date on the issue of synthetic filth until recent improvements.

The independent [[w:Law Commission (England and Wales)]] reviewed the law where it applies to taking, making and sharing intimate images without consent. The outcome of the consultation was due to be published later in 2021.<ref name="BBC2021">

{{cite web
|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-55546372
|title = 'Deepfake porn images still give me nightmares'
|last = Royle
|first = Sara
|date = 2021-01-05
|website = [[w:BBC Online]]
|publisher = [[w:BBC]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = She alerted the police to the images but was told that no action could be taken. Dr Aislinn O'Connell, a lecturer in law at Royal Holloway University of London, explained that Helen's case fell outside the current law.}}

</ref>

"In 2019, law expert Dr Aislinn O’Connell told [[w:The Independent]] that our current laws on image sharing are piecemeal and not fit for purpose. In October 2018 The [[w:Women and Equalities Committee]] called on the UK Government to introduce new legislation on image-based sexual abuse in order to '''criminalise ALL''' non-consensual creation and distribution of intimate sexual images."<ref name="MortPetition2020">

{{cite web
|url = https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images
|title = Change.org petition: 'Tighten regulation on taking, making and faking explicit images'
|last = Mort
|first = Helen
|date = 2020
|website = [[w:Change.org]]
|publisher = [[w:Change.org]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = Unlike other forms of revenge porn, creating pictures or videos like this is not yet illegal in the UK, though it is in some places in the US. The police were unable to help me.}}

</ref> This call is for similar laws as California put in place on January 1 2020.

----

= USA =

[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|thumb|right|200px|Various US states have enacted state laws aimed against synthetic human-like fakes and since May 2025 through the [[w:TAKE IT DOWN Act]] USA has federal legislation against this menace. Many other [[#Past bills in the USA|federal bills have been introduced in the USA]].]]

* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker}}
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024}}
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA}}

{{#lst:Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|cybercivilrights.org law compilations}}

See also:
* [[#Current bills in the USA|Current bills in the USA]] and [[#Past bills in the USA|past bills in the USA]]
* [https://www.congress.gov/legislative-process/introduction-and-referral-of-bills '''The Legislative Process: Introduction and Referral of Bills (Video)''' at congress.gov]
* {{#lst:Glossary|US-Congress-glossary}}

== Federal laws in the USA against synthesis crimes ==
=== US Senate Act S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
The [https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/146 '''''S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act''''' at congress.gov], a bipartisan act against non-consensual intimate image-based abuse, or in other words, against naked synthetic digital look-alikes and real image-based abuse. The long name for citing this act is '''''T'''ools to '''A'''ddress '''K'''nown '''E'''xploitation by '''I'''mmobilizing '''T'''echnological '''D'''eepfakes '''o'''n '''W'''ebsites and '''N'''etworks Act'''''.

It became federal law on Monday 2025-05-19. It was passed by the House of Representatives on Monday 2025-04-28. There is a one year delay on some of the requirements of the TAKE IT DOWN Act.

* In Wikipedia [[w:TAKE IT DOWN Act]]

* [https://rainn.org/policy/take-it-down-act '''''Take It Down Act''''' summary at rainn.org] - ''Criminalizing tech-enabled sexual abuse'' - ''Join us in celebrating this landmark victory for survivors of image-based sexual abuse!''
* [https://rainn.org/news/rainn-backed-%E2%80%9Ctake-it-down-act%E2%80%9D-passes-congress '''''RAINN-Backed “Take It Down Act” Passes Congress!''''' at rainn.org] - ''HISTORIC WIN FOR VICTIMS OF TECH-ENABLED SEXUAL ABUSE: RAINN-Backed “Take It Down Act” Passes Congress!''
* [https://apnews.com/article/take-it-down-deepfake-trump-melania-first-amendment-741a6e525e81e5e3d8843aac20de8615 '''''Take It Down Act, addressing nonconsensual deepfakes and ‘revenge porn,’ passes. What is it?''''' at apnews.com], 2025-04-28 reporting by Barbara Ortutay

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.npr.org/2025/04/28/nx-s1-5380236/take-it-down-act-melania-trump '''''Congress approves a revenge porn bill backed by first lady Melania Trump''''' at npr.org], 2025-04-28 reporting by Ayana Archie
* [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/house-take-it-down-act-vote-deepfake-pornography-victims/ '''''House passes "Take it Down Act," sending revenge porn bill backed by Melania Trump to president's desk''''' at cbsnews.com], 2025-04-28 reporting by Caitlin Yilek

== Law against synthesis crimes in Virginia 2019 ==
=== Code of Virginia § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty ===
[[File:Flag of Virginia.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Virginia]], an avant-garde state. Motto "[[w:Sic semper tyrannis]]"]]

<section begin=Virginia2019 />[[File:Marcus Simon.jpeg|thumb|right|108px|Homie [[w:Marcus Simon|w:Marcus Simon]] ([http://marcussimon.com/ marcussimon.com]) is a Member of the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] and a true pioneer in legislating against synthetic filth.]] Since July 1 2019<ref>

{{Cite web
| url=https://www.fauquier.com/news/new-state-laws-go-into-effect-july/article_6e2e16c8-96b7-11e9-88d0-83a8852ef3eb.html
| title=New state laws go into effect July 1
}}

</ref> [[w:Virginia]] [[w:criminalization|w:has criminalized]] the sale and dissemination of unauthorized synthetic pornography, but not the manufacture.<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515">
{{cite web
| url = https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/
| title = § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website =
| publisher = [[w:Virginia]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref>, as section [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ § 18.2-386.2 titled ''''''Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''''''] became part of the '''[[w:Code of Virginia]]'''.

[https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/ '''Code of Virginia''' (TOC)] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/ '''Title 18.2.''' Crimes and Offenses Generally] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/ '''Chapter 8.''' Crimes Involving Morals and Decency] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title18.2/chapter8/article5/ '''Article 5.''' Obscenity and Related Offenses] » '''Section''' [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ § '''18.2-386.2.''' Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty]

The [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ section '''§ 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''' of Virginia] is as follows:
<blockquote>
'''A'''. ''Any [[w:person]] who, with the [[w:Intention (criminal law)|w:intent]] to [[w:coercion|w:coerce]], [[w:harassment|w:harass]], or [[w:intimidation|w:intimidate]], [[w:Malice_(law)|w:malicious]]ly [[w:dissemination|w:disseminates]] or [[w:sales|w:sells]] any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever that [[w:Depiction|w:depicts]] another person who is totally [[w:nudity|w:nude]], or in a state of undress so as to expose the [[w:sex organs|w:genitals]], pubic area, [[w:buttocks]], or female [[w:breast]], where such person knows or has reason to know that he is not [[w:license]]d or [[w:authorization|w:authorized]] to disseminate or sell such [[w:Video|w:videographic]] or [[w:Film still|w:still image]] is [[w:Guilt (law)|w:guilty]] of a Class 1 [[w:Misdemeanor#United States|w:misdemeanor]]. ''
::For purposes of this subsection, "another person" includes a person whose image was used in creating, adapting, or modifying a videographic or still image with the intent to depict an actual person and who is recognizable as an actual person by the person's [[w:face]], [[w:Simulacrum|w:likeness]], or other distinguishing characteristic.''

'''B'''. ''If a person uses [[w:Service (economics)|w:services]] of an [[w:Internet service provider]], an electronic mail service provider, or any other information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server in committing acts prohibited under this section, such provider shall not be held responsible for violating this section for content provided by another person.''

'''C.''' ''Venue for a prosecution under this section may lie in the [[w:jurisdiction]] where the unlawful act occurs or where any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever is produced, reproduced, found, stored, received, or possessed in violation of this section.''

'''D.''' ''The provisions of this section shall not preclude prosecution under any other [[w:statute]].''<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515"/>

The identical bills were [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+HB2678 House Bill 2678] presented by [[w:Delegate (American politics)|w:Delegate]] [[w:Marcus Simon]] to the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] on January 14 2019 and three day later an identical [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+SB1736 Senate bill 1736] was introduced to the [[w:Senate of Virginia]] by Senator [[w:Adam Ebbin]].
</blockquote>
<section end=Virginia2019 />

== Law against synthesis crimes in Texas 2019 ==
=== Texas SB 751 - Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election ===
[[File:Flag of Texas.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Texas]], the Lone Star State has protected the political candidates, but not ordinary folk against synthetic filth.]]

<section begin=Texas2019 />On September 1 2019 [[w:Texas Senate]] bill [https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/86R/billtext/html/SB00751F.htm '''SB 751''' - '''''Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election'''''] [[w:amendment]]s to the election code came into effect in the [[w:Law of Texas]], giving [[w:candidates]] in [[w:elections]] a '''30-day protection period''' to the elections during which making and distributing digital look-alikes or synthetic fakes of the candidates is an offense. The law text defines the subject of the law as "''a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality''"<ref name="TexasSB751">

{{cite web
|url= https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751
|title= Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election
|last=
|first=
|date= 2019-06-14
|website=
|publisher= [[w:Texas]]
|access-date= 2021-01-23
|quote= In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality}}

</ref> SB 751 was introduced to the Senate by [[w:Bryan Hughes (politician)]].<ref name="Texas SB 751 history">https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751</ref>

<section end=Texas2019 />

The text of '''S.B. No. 751''' is as follows
<blockquote>
'''''AN ACT relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election.'''''

''BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:''

SECTION 1. ''[https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/EL/htm/EL.255.htm Section 255.004, Election Code], is [[w:Amend (motion)|w:amended]] by adding Subsections (d) and (e) to read as follows:''
* ('''d''') ''A person commits an offense if the person, with intent to injure a candidate or influence the result of an election:''
*# '''''creates''' a [[w:deepfake|deep fake]] video; and''
*# ''causes the deep fake video to be '''published''' or '''distributed''' within '''30 days''' of an '''election'''.''
* ('''e''') ''In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the '''intent to deceive''', that '''appears to depict''' a real person performing an action that '''did not occur''' in '''reality'''.''
SECTION 2. ''This Act takes effect September 1, 2019.''
</blockquote>
----

* [[w:Texas Legislature]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in California 2020 ==
=== California AB-602 - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action ===
[[File:Flag of California.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:California]] moved later than Virginia, but it outlawed also the manufacture of synthetic filth on Jan 1 2020.]]

<section begin=California2020 />[[File:Marc Berman.jpg|thumb|120px|right|Homie [[w:Marc Berman|w:Marc Berman]], a righteous fighter for our human rights in this age of industrial disinformation filth and an Assemblymember of the [[w:California State Assembly]], most loved for authoring [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 '''AB-602''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''], which came into effect on Jan 1 2020, banning both the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted.]] January 1 2020 <ref name="KFI2019">

{{cite web
|url= https://kfiam640.iheart.com/content/2019-12-30-here-are-the-new-california-laws-going-into-effect-in-2020/
|title= Here Are the New California Laws Going Into Effect in 2020
|last= Johnson
|first= R.J.
|date= 2019-12-30
|website= [[KFI]]
|publisher= [[iHeartMedia]]
|access-date= 2021-01-23
|quote=}}

</ref> the [[w:California]] [[w:State law (United States)|w:US state law]] '''[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 "AB-602 ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''."]''' came into effect in the [[w:California Civil Code|civil code]] of the [[w:California Codes]] banning the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted. AB-602 provides victims of synthetic pornography with [[w:injunction|w:injunctive relief]] and poses legal threats of [[w:statutory damages|w:statutory]] and [[w:punitive damages]] on [[w:criminal]]s making or distributing synthetic pornography without consent. The bill AB-602 was signed into law by California [[w:Governor (United States)|w:Governor]] [[w:Gavin Newsom]] on October 3 2019 and was authored by [[w:California State Assembly]]member [[w:Marc Berman]] and an identical Senate bill was coauthored by [[w:California State Senate|w:California Senator]] [[w:Connie Leyva]].<ref name="OpenStates AB 602">

{{cite web
|url=https://openstates.org/ca/bills/20192020/AB602/
|title=AB 602 - California Assembly Bill 2019-2020 Regular Session - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action.
|last=
|first=
|date=
|website=openstates.org
|publisher=openstates.org
|access-date=2021-03-24
|quote=}}

</ref><ref name="CNET2019">

{{cite web
| last = Mihalcik
| first = Carrie
| title = California laws seek to crack down on deepfakes in politics and porn
| website = [[w:cnet.com]]
| publisher = [[w:CNET]]
| date = 2019-10-04
| url = https://www.cnet.com/news/california-laws-seek-to-crack-down-on-deepfakes-in-politics-and-porn/
| access-date = 2021-01-23
}}

</ref> [https://trackbill.com/bill/california-assembly-bill-602-depiction-of-individual-using-digital-or-electronic-technology-sexually-explicit-material-cause-of-action/1690501/ AB602 at trackbill.com]
<section end=California2020 />

[[File:Connie Leyva 2015.jpg|thumb|right|240px|[[w:California]] [[w:California State Senate|w:Senator]] [[w:Connie Leyva]] sponsored [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB564&showamends=false '''California Senate Bill SB 564''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''] in Feb '''2019''' and the Senate Bill was [https://www.sagaftra.org/action-alert-support-california-bill-end-deepfake-porn endorsed by SAG-AFTRA], but the Assembly Bill AB-602 authored by [[w:California State Assembly]]member [[w:Marc Berman]] was the one that became law on 1 January 2020 in the [[w:California Civil Code|w:California Civil Code]] of the [[w:California Codes]].]]

'''Introduction''' by [https://a24.asmdc.org/ Assemblymember Marc Berman]:

'''AB 602''', Berman. '''''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action'''''.

Existing law creates a private [[w:Cause of action|w:right of action]] against a person who intentionally distributes a photograph or recorded image of another that exposes the intimate body parts of that person or of a person engaged in a sexual act '''without the person’s consent''' if specified conditions are met.

This bill would provide that a '''depicted individual''', as defined, has a '''[[w:cause of action]] against''' a person who '''either'''
* (1) '''creates''' and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material if the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted''' individual '''did not [[w:consent]]''' to its creation or disclosure or
* (2) who '''intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create if the person knows the '''depicted''' individual '''did not consent''' to its creation.

The bill would specify exceptions to those provisions, including if the material is a matter of legitimate public concern or a work of political or newsworthy value.

The bill would authorize a prevailing [[w:plaintiff]] who suffers harm to seek [[w:Injunction|w:injunctive]] relief and recover reasonable [[w:attorney’s fee]]s and costs as well as specified monetary [[w:damages]], including [[w:Statutory damages|statutory]] and [[w:punitive damages]].

'''The law is as follows''':
<blockquote>
SECTION 1. Section 1708.86 is added to the [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codesTOCSelected.xhtml?tocCode=CIV&tocTitle=+Civil+Code+-+CIV Civil Code of California], to read:

'''1708.86.''' ('''a''') '''For purposes of this section''':
* (1) “''Altered depiction''” means a performance that was actually performed by the depicted individual but was subsequently altered to be in violation of this section.
* (2) “''Authorized Representative''” means an attorney, talent agent, or personal manager authorized to represent a depicted individual if the depicted individual is represented.
* (3) (A) “''Consent''” means an agreement written in plain language signed knowingly and voluntarily by the depicted individual that includes a general description of the sexually explicit material and the audiovisual work in which it will be incorporated.
* (3) (B) A depicted individual may rescind consent by delivering written notice within three business days from the date consent was given to the person in whose favor consent was made, unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:
:**(i) The depicted individual is given at least 72 hours to review the terms of the agreement before signing it.
:**(ii) The depicted individual’s authorized representative provides written approval of the signed agreement.
* (4) “''Depicted individual''” means an individual who appears, as a result of digitization, to be giving a performance they did not actually perform or to be performing in an altered depiction.
* (5) “''Despicable conduct''” means conduct that is so vile, base, or contemptible that it would be looked down on and despised by a reasonable person.
* (6) “''Digitization''” means to realistically depict any of the following:
** (A) The nude body parts of another human being as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
** (B) Computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
** (C) The depicted individual engaging in sexual conduct in which the depicted individual did not engage.
* (7) “''Disclose''” means to publish, make available, or distribute to the public.
* (8) “''Individual''” means a natural person.
* (9) “''Malice''” means that the defendant acted with intent to cause harm to the plaintiff or despicable conduct that was done with a willful and knowing disregard of the rights of the plaintiff. A person acts with knowing disregard within the meaning of this paragraph when they are aware of the probable harmful consequences of their conduct and deliberately fail to avoid those consequences.
* (10) “''Nude''” means visible genitals, pubic area, anus, or a female’s postpubescent nipple or areola.
* (11) “''Person''” means a human being or legal entity.
* (12) “''Plaintiff''” includes cross-plaintiff.
* (13) “''Sexual conduct''” means any of the following:
** (A) Masturbation.
** (B) Sexual intercourse, including genital, oral, or anal, whether between persons regardless of sex or gender or between humans and animals.
** (C) Sexual penetration of the vagina or rectum by, or with, an object.
** (D) The transfer of semen by means of sexual conduct from the penis directly onto the depicted individual as a result of ejaculation.
** (E) Sadomasochistic abuse involving the depicted individual.
(14) “''Sexually explicit material''” means any portion of an audiovisual work that shows the depicted individual performing in the nude or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct.

('''b''') '''A depicted individual has a cause of action against''' a person who does '''either of the following''':
* (1) '''Creates and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material''' and the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted individual''' in that material '''did not consent''' to its creation or disclosure.
* (2) '''Intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create and the person knows the depicted individual in that material '''did not consent''' to the creation of the sexually explicit material.

('''c''') (1) A person is '''not liable''' under this section in either of the following circumstances:
* (A) The person discloses the sexually explicit material in the course of any of the following:
:** (i) Reporting unlawful activity.
:** (ii) Exercising the person’s law enforcement duties.
:**(iii) Hearings, trials, or other legal proceedings.
* (B) The material is any of the following:
:** (i) A matter of legitimate public concern.
:** (ii) A work of political or newsworthy value or similar work.
:** (iii) Commentary, criticism, or disclosure that is otherwise protected by the California Constitution or the United States Constitution.
* (2) For purposes of this subdivision, sexually explicit material is not of newsworthy value solely because the depicted individual is a public figure.

('''d''') It shall not be a defense to an action under this section that there is a disclaimer included in the sexually explicit material that communicates that the inclusion of the depicted individual in the sexually explicit material was unauthorized or that the depicted individual did not participate in the creation or development of the material.

('''e''') (1) A prevailing plaintiff who suffers harm as a result of the violation of subdivision (b) may recover any of the following:
* (A) An amount equal to the monetary gain made by the defendant from the creation, development, or disclosure of the sexually explicit material.
* (B) One of the following:
:** (i) Economic and noneconomic damages proximately caused by the disclosure of the sexually explicit material, including damages for emotional distress.
:** (ii) Upon request of the plaintiff at any time before the final judgment is rendered, the plaintiff may instead recover an award of statutory damages for all unauthorized acts involved in the action, with respect to any one work, as follows:
:** (I) A sum of not less than one thousand five hundred dollars ($1,500) but not more than thirty thousand dollars ($30,000).
:** (II) If the unlawful act was committed with malice, the award of statutory damages may be increased to a maximum of one hundred fifty thousand dollars ($150,000).
* (C) Punitive damages.
* (D) Reasonable attorney’s fees and costs.
* (E) Any other available relief, including injunctive relief.
(2) The remedies provided by this section are cumulative and shall not be construed as restricting a remedy that is available under any other law.

('''f''') An action under this section shall be commenced no later than three years from the date the unauthorized creation, development, or disclosure was discovered or should have been discovered with the exercise of reasonable diligence.

('''g''') The provisions of this section are severable. If any provision of this section or its application is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions.
</blockquote>
<ref name="CaliforniaStateLaw AB 602">
{{Citation
| title = "AB-602 Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action."
| first = Marc
| last = Berman
| author-link = w:Marc Berman
| first2 = Connie
| last2 = Leyva
| author2-link = w:Connie Leyva
| series =
| year = 2019
| publisher = [[w:California]]
| url = https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602
}}

</ref>

----

* [[w:California State Legislature]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in Georgia in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of Georgia (U.S. state) II.png|thumb|right|200px|Georgia's motto is ''"Wisdom, Justice, Moderation"'' and one could say it is well manifested in how their law against synthetic filth [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html '''GA CODE § 16-11-90'''] is thought out and written.]]
=== Georgia Code § 16-11-90 ===

'''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/ Georgia Code]''' / '''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ Title 16. Crimes and Offenses]''' [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html Chapter 11 "Offenses Against Public Order and Safety", Article 3 "Invasions of Privacy", Part 3 "Invasion of privacy" '''GA CODE § 16-11-90''']
<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list">https://cybercivilrights.org/deep-fake-laws/</ref>

'''The law is''' as of April 14, 2021<ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com" /> as follows:
<blockquote>
('''a''') As used in this Code section, the term:

* ('''1''') “''Harassment''” means engaging in conduct directed at a depicted person that is intended to cause substantial emotional harm to the depicted person.

* ('''2''') “''Nudity''” means:

::* (A) The showing of the human male or female genitals, pubic area, or buttocks without any covering or with less than a full opaque covering;

::* (B) The showing of the female breasts without any covering or with less than a full opaque covering; or

::* (C) The depiction of covered male genitals in a discernibly turgid state.

* ('''3''') “''Sexually explicit conduct” shall have the same meaning as set forth in Code Section 16-12-100 .

('''b''') '''A person violates this Code section if he or she, knowing the content of a transmission or post, knowingly and without the consent of the depicted person''':

* ('''1''') '''Electronically transmits or posts''', in one or more transmissions or posts, a photograph or video which depicts nudity or sexually explicit conduct of an adult, '''including a falsely created videographic or still image''', when the transmission or post is harassment or causes financial loss to the depicted person and serves no legitimate purpose to the depicted person; or

* ('''2''') '''Causes the electronic transmission or posting''', in one or more transmissions or posts, of a photograph or video which depicts nudity or sexually explicit conduct of an adult, '''including a falsely created videographic or still image''', when the transmission or post is harassment or causes financial loss to the depicted person and serves no legitimate purpose to the depicted person.

:Nothing in this Code section shall be construed to impose liability on an interactive computer service, as such term is defined in 47 U.S.C. 230(f)(2) , or an information service or telecommunications service, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. 153 , for content provided by another person.

('''c''') Any person who violates this Code section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of a high and aggravated nature; provided, however, that upon a second or subsequent violation of this Code section, he or she shall be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by imprisonment of not less than one nor more than five years, a fine of not more than $100,000.00, or both.

('''d''') A person shall be '''subject to prosecution in this state''' pursuant to Code Section 17-2-1 for any conduct made unlawful by this Code section which the person engages in while:

* ('''1''') '''Either within''' or '''outside of this state''' if, by such conduct, the person commits a violation of this Code section which involves an '''individual who resides in this state'''; or

* ('''2''') '''Within this state''' if, by such conduct, the person commits a violation of this Code section which involves an '''individual who resides within or outside this state'''.

('''e''') The provisions of subsection (b) of this Code section shall not apply to:

* ('''1''') The activities of law enforcement and prosecution agencies in the investigation and prosecution of criminal offenses;

* ('''2''') Legitimate medical, scientific, or educational activities;

* ('''3''') Any person who transmits or posts a photograph or video depicting only himself or herself engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct;

* ('''4''') The transmission or posting of a photograph or video that was originally made for commercial purposes;

* ('''5''') Any person who transmits or posts a photograph or video depicting a person voluntarily engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct in a public setting; or

* ('''6''') A transmission that is made pursuant to or in anticipation of a civil action.

('''f''') There shall be a rebuttable presumption that an information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server, including specifically a service or system that provides access to the Internet, for content provided by another person, does not know the content of an electronic transmission or post.

('''g''') Any violation of this Code section shall constitute a separate offense and shall not merge with any other crimes set forth in this title.</blockquote><ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com">

{{cite web
|url=https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html
|title=Georgia Code Title 16. Crimes and Offenses § 16-11-90
|last=
|first=
|date=2021-04-14
|website=[[w:FindLaw]]
|publisher=[[w:Georgia (U.S. state)]]
|access-date=2022-01-04
|quote=}}

</ref>

== Law against synthesis crimes in New York State in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of New York.svg|thumb|right|200px|New York State]]
=== New York State - CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy SECTION 52-C - Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual ===
[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/-CH6 '''CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights'''] [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/A5 '''ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual '''SECTION 52-C''' - '''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual''']<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list" />

'''The law is as follows:'''
<blockquote>
<big>'''§ 52-c''' - '''''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual.''''' </big><sup>Obs: There are 2 § 52-c's</sup>

'''1. For the purposes of this section:'''

* '''a.''' "'''''depicted individual'''''" means an individual who '''appears''', as a result of digitization, '''to be giving a performance they did not actually perform''' or '''to be performing in a performance that was actually performed by the depicted individual but was subsequently altered to be in violation of this section'''.

* '''b.''' "'''''digitization'''''" means to '''realistically depict the nude body parts of another human being as the nude body parts of the depicted individual''', '''computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the depicted individual''' or the '''depicted individual engaging in sexual conduct''', as defined in subdivision ten of section 130.00 of the penal law, '''in which the depicted individual did not engage'''.

* '''c.''' "''individual''" means a natural person.

* '''d.''' "''person''" means a human being or legal entity.

* '''e.''' "''sexually explicit material''" means any portion of an audio visual work that shows the depicted individual performing in the nude, meaning with an unclothed or exposed intimate part, as defined in section 245.15 of the penal law, or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct, as defined in subdivision ten of section 130.00 of the penal law.

'''2. a.''' A depicted individual shall have a '''cause of action''' against a person who, '''discloses''', '''disseminates''' or '''publishes''' sexually explicit material related to the depicted individual, and the person knows or reasonably should have known the depicted individual in that material '''did not consent''' to its '''creation''', disclosure, dissemination, or publication.

* '''b.''' It shall '''not be a defense''' to an action under this section that '''there is a disclaimer''' in the sexually explicit material that communicates that the inclusion of the depicted individual in the sexually explicit material was unauthorized or that the depicted individual did not participate in the creation or development of the material.

'''3. a.''' A depicted individual may only consent to the creation, disclosure, dissemination, or publication of sexually explicit material by knowingly and voluntarily signing an agreement written in plain language that includes a general description of the sexually explicit material and the audiovisual work in which it will be incorporated.

* '''b.''' A depicted individual may rescind consent by delivering written notice within three business days from the date consent was given to the person in whose favor consent was made, unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:

:* i. the depicted individual is given at least three business days to review the terms of the agreement before signing it; or

:* ii. if the depicted individual is represented, the attorney, talent agent, or personal manager authorized to represent the depicted individual provides additional written approval of the signed agreement.

'''4. a.''' A person is not liable under this section if:

:* i. the person discloses, disseminates or publishes the sexually explicit material in the course of reporting unlawful activity, exercising the person's law enforcement duties, or hearings, trials or other legal proceedings; or

:* ii. the sexually explicit material is a matter of legitimate public concern, a work of political or newsworthy value or similar work, or commentary, criticism or disclosure that is otherwise protected by the constitution of this state or the United States; provided that sexually explicit material shall not be considered of newsworthy value solely because the depicted individual is a public figure.

'''5.''' In any action commenced pursuant to this section, the finder of fact, in its discretion, '''may award injunctive relief''', '''punitive damages''', '''compensatory damages''', and '''reasonable court costs''' and '''attorney's fees'''.

'''6.''' A cause of action or special proceeding under this section shall be commenced the later of either:

* '''a.''' three years after the dissemination or publication of sexually explicit material; or

* '''b.''' one year from the date a person discovers, or reasonably should have discovered, the dissemination or publication of such sexually explicit material.

'''7.''' Nothing in this section shall be read to require a prior criminal complaint, prosecution or conviction to establish the elements of the cause of action provided for in this section.

'''8.''' The provisions of this section including the remedies are in addition to, and shall not supersede, any other rights or remedies available in law or equity.

'''9.''' If any provision of this section or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of this section which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this section are severable.

'''10.''' Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit, or to enlarge, the protections that 47 U.S.C. § 230 confers on an interactive
computer service for content provided by another information content provider, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. § 230.</blockquote><ref name="New York State Civil Rights CHAPTER 6, ARTICLE 5, SECTION 52-C">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual
|title= SECTION 52-C Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual
|last=
|first=
|date=2021-11-12
|website=nysenate.gov
|publisher=[[w:New York State Legislature]]
|access-date=2021-01-04
|quote=}}

</ref>

== Law against synthesis crimes in Florida 2025 ==
[https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2025/1161/?Tab=BillHistory '''''CS/CS/HB 1161: Removal of Altered Sexual Depictions Posted without Consent''''' at flsenate.gov] is set to become law in 2025

'''Reporting'''
* [https://floridapolitics.com/archives/733939-brookes-law-giving-deepfake-victims-recourse-against-platforms-will-head-to-governors-desk/ '''''‘Brooke’s Law,’ giving deepfake victims recourse against platforms, heads to Governor’s desk''''' at floridapolitics.com], April 2025 reporting by A.G. Gancarski

== Current bills in the USA ==

== 119th Congress ==
=== Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2025 (DEFIANCE Act of 2025) (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1837 '''''Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2025 (DEFIANCE Act of 2025)''''' at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of the US Senate bill S. 3696 - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images and Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024 (DEFIANCE Act of 2024) (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3696/text '''''S.3696 - DEFIANCE Act of 2024''''' at congress.gov], a bipartisan Senate bill against synthetic filth.

* [https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record/volume-170/issue-17/senate-section/article/S289-2 '''''Introductory Statement on S. 3696; Congressional Record Vol. 170, No. 17''''' at congress.gov] 2024-01-30
* [https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/press/releases/durbin-graham-klobuchar-hawley-introduce-defiance-act-to-hold-accountable-those-responsible-for-the-proliferation-of-nonconsensual-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-and-videos '''''Durbin, Graham, Klobuchar, Hawley Introduce DEFIANCE Act to Hold Accountable Those Responsible for the Proliferation of Nonconsensual, Sexually-Explicit “Deepfake” Images and Videos''''' at judiciary.senate.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>
* [https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118s3696is '''''S. 3696 (IS) - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024''''' at govinfo.gov]
* [https://www.durbin.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/defiance_act_of_2024.pdf '''DEFIANCE Act of 2024''' at durbin.senate.gov] explains that it would create ''a federal civil remedy for victims who are identifiable in a “digital forgery"''.

'''Reporting and commentary on DEFIANCE Act of 2024 bill'''
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/jan/30/taylor-swift-ai-deepfake-nonconsensual-sexual-images-bill '''''Taylor Swift AI images prompt US bill to tackle nonconsensual, sexual deepfakes''''' at theguardian.com]
* [https://www.theverge.com/2024/1/30/24056385/congress-defiance-act-proposed-ban-nonconsensual-ai-porn '''''Lawmakers propose anti-nonconsensual AI porn bill after Taylor Swift controversy''''' at theverge.com]

=== Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===

[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1027/text '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act)''''' at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of US House bill H.R.7123 - Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7123/text?s=1&r=3 '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-of-artificial-intelligence/the-terrifying-ai-scam-that-uses-your-loved-ones-voice</ref>

=== H.R.1941 - Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
This is a reintroduction of the older US House bill H.R. 3106 - Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3106/text '''''Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act''''' at congress.gov] was introduced in the House on 2023-05-05. It was [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/9631 a reintroduction of H.R. 9631 from the 117th Congress].

== State bills ==
=== NY Senate bill S6278 in the 2025-2026 regular session ===
This bill was reintroduced as [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S6278 S6278] to the 2025-2026 session.

[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S5583 '''NY Senate bill S5583 in the 2023-2024 regular session''' at nysenate.gov] would establish ''the crime of aggravated harassment by means of electronic or digital communication and provides for a private right of action for the unlawful dissemination or publication of deep fakes''.

== Past bills in the USA ==

=== US House bill H.R.6943 - No AI FRAUD Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6943/text '''No Artificial Intelligence Fake Replicas And Unauthorized Duplications Act of 2024''' or the ('''No AI FRAUD Act''') at congress.gov] was introduced to the 118th Congress 2nd session on 2024-01-24.<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>

=== US House bill H.R.5586 - Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023 (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5586/text “Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023” or the “DEEPFAKES Accountability Act” at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of earlier House bill H.R.3230 to the 118th Congress (2023-2024 session)

=== US Senate bill S1641 - Preventing Rampant Online Technological Exploitation and Criminal Trafficking Act of 2022 - (117th Congress) ===
The bill known as [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/4991/text?r=4&s=1 Senate bill '''S.4991''' - ''''''PROTECT Act'''''' at congress.gov] was read by Senator [[w:Mike Lee]] on Wednesday 2022-09-28 twice.

=== New York Senate bill - Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material - in regular session 2021-2022 ===
[[File:Flag of New York (1909–2020).png|thumb|right|200px|[[w:New York State Legislature]] regular session 2021-2022 is contemplating the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York senate bill '''S1641'''] and identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 assembly bill '''A6517'''] to ban sending unsolicited pornography.]]

Bill '''''Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material'''''' is essentially a bill that aims to ban sending unsolicited nudes.

In the 2021-2022 [[w:New York State Senate]] regular sessions, on 2021-01-14 Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored and Senators [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) and [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] of the New York State Senate co-sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law]. On 2021-03-19 an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] was introduced to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] by Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]).<ref group="1st seen in">

First seen in the [https://trackbill.com/search/#/related=%7B%22id%22:%221690501%22,%22state%22:%22CA%22,%22session%22:%222019%22,%22billId%22:%22AB602%22%7D&direction=desc&page=1&resultsPerPage=25&sort=relevancy&tracked&upcoming_hearings&type=bills&state=all&session suggestions for similar bills for Bills similar to CA AB602 by trackbill.com].

</ref>

If this bill passes it will be codified in the [[w:Consolidated Laws of New York]]. View the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York''' at nysenate.gov].

* '''Title of bill''': ''An act to amend the penal law, in relation to the creation of the criminal offense of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''

* '''Purpose''': ''The purpose of this bill is to make it unlawful to send sexually explicit material through electronic means unless the material is sent at the request of, or with the express consent of the recipient.''

* '''Summary of provisions''': Adds a '''new section 250.70''' to the penal law making it ''unlawful to knowingly transmit by electronic means visual material that depicts any person engaging in sexual conduct or with a person's intimate parts exposed unless the material is sent at the request of, or with the express consent of the recipient.

* '''Justification''': ''Currently under New York State law, indecent exposure in person is a crime, but it is not unlawful to send sexually explicit photos to nonconsenting adult recipients through electronic transmission. With the growing modem age of online dating, many individuals are receiving sexually explicit visual content without their consent from strangers. No person should be forced to view sexually explicit material without their consent.''

''The bill offers a clear deterrent to those considering sending unsolicited sexual pics and similar inappropriate conduct, and protects the
unwilling recipients who currently have no legal recourse for such abuses.

''What is illegal in the real world must be illegal in the digital world, and this legislation is a first step in the right direction in adding that accountability.''

* '''Legislative history''':
*# Senate - 2020 - S5949 Referred to Codes
*# Assembly - 2020 - A7801 Referred to Codes

* '''Fiscal implications''': ''Minimal''

* '''Effective date''': ''This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law.''

The text of the bill is, as of 2021-03-24, as follows:

:"Section 1. The penal law is amended by adding a new section 250.70 to read as follows:

:'''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL'''''.

:A person is guilty of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material if a person knowingly transmits by electronic means visual material that depicts any person engaging in sexual conduct or with a person's intimate parts exposed or depicts the covered genitals of a male person that are in a discernibly turgid state and such visual material is not sent at the request of or with the express consent of the recipient. For purposes of this section the term "intimate parts" means the naked genitals, pubic area, anus, or female postpubescent nipple of the person and the term "sexual conduct" shall have the same meaning as defined in [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/130.00 section 130.00 (Sex offenses; definitions of terms)] of this chapter. Unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material is a class a misdemeanor.

:'''§ 2'''. This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law."

----
<gallery>
File:Nopic.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law].
File:LIRR Elmont, Brian Benjamin (cropped).jpg|thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Todd_Kaminsky_Head_Shot.jpg||thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Aileen_Gunther.jpg|thumb|260px|NY Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]) presented an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] on 2021-03-19.
* [[w:New York State Legislature]]
</gallery>

=== US Senate bill - Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - 2019-2020 US Senate session (116th Congress) ===
The Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act (SISE) was a bill introduced to the 2019-2020 session of the US Senate.
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/5054?r=1&s=1 US Senate Bill ''''''S.5054''' - '''Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''''' at congress.gov]

=== US House bill - H.R.3230 - DEEP FAKES Accountability Act (116th Congress) ===

* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230/text '''H.R.3230''' - '''''DEEP FAKES Accountability Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> also known as ''Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2019'' and it aimed to include requirements for producers of synthetic human-like fakes '' to generally comply with certain [[w:Digital watermarking|w:digital watermark]] and disclosure requirements''.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230</ref>

=== US Senate bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress) ===
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/3805/text '''S.3805''' - '''''Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry">
Chatting with ChatGPT 2023

* First I asked ChatGPT to "''list some legislative approaches against so-called "deep fakes" or "deepfakes"''" and it mentioned the Singaporean [[#Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]] and the [[#Bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress)]]

</ref> aimed at criminalizing synthesizing human-likeness media for intent of breaking federal, state, local or tribal law

----

----

= Law proposals =
== Law proposals against synthetic filth by [[User:Juho Kunsola|Juho Kunsola]] ==

* '''Audience''': Developed with suitability for national, supranational and UN treaty levels.
* '''Writing context''':
** Written from context of inclusion to '''criminal codes'''.
** I'm a Finn so this has been worded to fit in the [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1889/18890039001#L24 Chapter 24 of the Criminal Code of Finland (in Finnish at finlex.fi)] titled "''Offences against privacy, public peace and personal reputation''"
** [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039 Access the English translations of the Finnish Criminal Code at finlex.fi] or [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039_20150766.pdf go straight to the latest .pdf from 2016]. Chapter 24 starts on page 107.
* '''History''': This version is an evolution of a Finnish language original written in 2016.

[[File:Suomen lippu valokuva.png|right|thumb|260px|[[w:Finland]] has very logical and very [https://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/ accessible laws], but also here we need updating of the laws for this age of industrial disinformation.]]

Existing law in <big>Chapter 24. of the Finnish Criminal Code - "''Offences against privacy, public peace and personal reputation''"</big> seems to be ineffective against many [[synthetic human-like fakes|synthetic human-like fake attack]] and seems it could be used to frame victims for crimes with [[synthetic human-like fakes#Digital sound-alikes|digital sound-alikes]].

The portions affected by or affecting the synthetic filth situation in bold font:

* Section 1 - Invasion of domestic premises (879/2013)
* Section 1(a) - '''Harassing communications''' (879/2013)
* Section 2 - Aggravated invasion of domestic premises (531/2000)
* Section 3 - Invasion of public premises (585/2005)
* Section 4 - Aggravated invasion of public premises (531/2000)
* Section 5 - '''Eavesdropping''' (531/2000)
* Section 6 - '''Illicit observation''' (531/2000)
* Section 7 - '''Preparation of eavesdropping or illicit observation''' (531/2000)
* Section 8 - '''Dissemination of information violating personal privacy''' (879/2013)
* Section 8(a) - '''Aggravated dissemination of information violating personal privacy''' (879/2013)
* Section 9 - '''Defamation''' (879/2013)
* Section 10 - '''Aggravated defamation''' (879/2013)
* Section 11 - Definition (531/2000)
* Section 12 - '''Right to bring charges''' (879/2013)
* Section 13 - '''Corporate criminal liability''' (511/2011)

[[File:The-diffuse-reflection-deducted-from-the-specular-reflection-Debevec-2000.png|thumb|right|260px|Subtraction of the diffuse reflection from the specular reflection. Image is scaled for luminocity. Diffuse reflection is acquired by placing polarizers in 90 degree angle and specular with 0 degree angle.
<br /><br />
[[:File:Deb-2000-reflectance-separation.png|Original picture]] by [[w:Paul Debevec|Debevec]] et al. - Copyright ACM 2000 https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=311779.344855]]

=== Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth ===

==== §1 Models of human appearance ====

A '''model of human appearance''' means
::* A realistic '''3D model'''
::* A '''[[Glossary#Bidirectional reflectance distribution function|7D bidirectional reflectance distribution function]] model'''
::* A '''direct-to-2D''' capable [[w:machine learning]] model
::* Or a model made with any technology whatsoever, that looks deceivingly like the target person.

==== §2 Producing synthetic pornography ====
Making '''projections''', still or videographic, where targets are portrayed in a '''nude''' or in a '''sexual situation''' from models of human appearance defined in §1 '''without express consent''' of the targets is '''illegal'''.

==== §3 Distributing synthetic pornography ====
'''Distributing''', '''making available''', '''public display''', '''purchase''', '''sale''', '''yielding''', '''import''' and '''export''' of non-authorized '''synthetic pornography''' defined in §2 are '''punishable'''.<ref group="footnote">People who are found in possession of this synthetic pornography should probably not be penalized, but rather advised to get some help.</ref>

==== §4 Aggravated producing and distributing synthetic pornography ====
If the media described in §2 or §3 is made or distributed with the '''intent''' to '''frame for a crime''' or for '''blackmail''', the crime should be judged as '''aggravated'''.

==== Afterwords ====
The original idea I had was to ban both the raw materials i.e. the models to make the visual synthetic filth and also the end product weaponized synthetic pornography, but then in July 2019 it appeared to me that [[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]] could really help in this age of industrial disinformation if it were built, trained and operational. Banning modeling of human appearance was in conflict with the revised plan.

It is safe to assume that collecting permissions to model each pornographic recording is not plausible, so an interesting question is that can we ban covert modeling from non-pornographic pictures, while still retaining the ability to model all porn found on the Internet.

In case we want to pursue banning modeling people's appearance from non-pornographic images/videos without explicit permission be pursued it must be <font color="green">formulated</font> so that this <font color="red">'''does not make'''</font> <big>'''[[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]]'''</big> <font color="red">illegal</font> / <font color="red">impossible</font>. This would seem to lead to a weird situation where modeling a human from non-pornographic media would be illegal, but modeling from pornography legal.

=== Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice ===
{{#ev:youtube|0sR1rU3gLzQ|360px|right|[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sR1rU3gLzQ Video 'This AI Clones Your Voice After Listening for 5 Seconds' by '2 minute papers' at YouTube] describes the voice thieving machine by Google Research in [[w:NeurIPS|w:NeurIPS]] 2018.}}

'''Motivation''': The current situation where the criminals can freely trade and grow their libraries of stolen voices is unwise.

==== §1 Unauthorized modeling of a human voice ====
'''Acquiring''' such a '''model of a human's voice''', that '''deceptively resembles''' some '''dead''' or '''living''' person's voice and the '''possession''', '''purchase''', '''sale''', '''yielding''', '''import''' and '''export''' '''without''' the '''express consent''' of the target are '''punishable'''.

==== §2 Application of unauthorized voice models ====
'''Producing''' and '''making available''' media from covert voice models defined in §1 is '''punishable'''.

==== §3 Aggravated application of unauthorized voice models ====
If the produced media is for a '''purpose''' to
::* '''frame''' a '''human''' target or targets for '''crimes'''
::* to attempt '''extortion''' or
::* to '''defame the target''',
the crime should be judged as '''aggravated'''.

----

= Resources and reporting on law =

== AI and law in general ==

[[File:LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg|thumb|right|340px|[[w:Library of Congress]] ([https://loc.gov/ loc.gov]) reading room]]

''' Reviews and regulation '''
From the '''[[w:Library of Congress]]''':

* [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/index.php ''''''Regulation of Artificial Intelligence'''''' at loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/compsum.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Comparative Summary' at loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/international.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: International and Regional Approaches' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/americas.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: The Americas and the Caribbean' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/asia-pacific.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: East/South Asia and the Pacific' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/europe-asia.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Europe and Central Asia' loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/middleeast-northafrica.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Middle East and North Africa' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/africa.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Sub-Saharan Africa' (loc.gov)]

'''[[w:Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher|w:Gibson Dunn & Crutcher]]''' (gibsondunn.com) publishes a quarterly legal update on 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems'. Gibson Dunn & Crutcher is a global [[w:law firm|w:law firm]], founded in Los Angeles in 1890.
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-4q18/ ''''''Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update'''''' Quarter 4 2018 at Gibson & Dunn]
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-1q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 1 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-2q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 2 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-3q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 3 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-automated-systems-legal-update-4q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 4 2019']

''' From Europe'''
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|180px|The [[w:European Union]]'s [[w:European Parliament|Parliament]]'s [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] on [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives].]]
* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf ''''''The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives'''''' (.pdf) at europarl.europa.eu], a March 2020 study by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] Starting from page 37 the .pdf lists organizations in the field.

== Synthetic filth in the law and media ==
* [https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4409&context=vlr ''''''"The New Weapon of Choice": Law's Current Inability to Properly Address Deepfake Pornography'''''' at scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu], October 2020 Notes by Anne Pechenik Gieseke published in the The [[w:Vanderbilt Law Review]], the flagship [[w:academic journal]] of [[w:Vanderbilt University Law School]].
* [https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/07/08/deepfakes-and-synthetic-media-in-financial-system-assessing-threat-scenarios-pub-82237 ''''''Deepfakes and Synthetic Media in the Financial System: Assessing Threat Scenarios'''''' at carnegieendowment.org], a 2020-07-08 assessment identifies some types of criminalities that can be made using [[synthetic human-like fakes]].
* [https://ssri.duke.edu/news/don%E2%80%99t-believe-your-eyes-or-ears-weaponization-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-and ''''''Don’t Believe Your Eyes (or Ears): The Weaponization of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deepfakes'''''' at ssri.duke.edu], an October 2019 news article by Joe Littell, published by the Social Science Research Institute at the [[w:Duke University]]
* [https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/dltr/vol17/iss1/4/ ''''''Deepfakes: False Pornography Is Here and the Law Cannot Protect You'''''' at scholarship.law.duke.edu], published in 2019 in the [[w:Duke Law Journal|Duke Law Journal]], a student-run law review.
* [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-20/deepfake-porn-political-ads-push-states-to-curb-rampant-ai-use '''''States Are Rushing to Regulate Deepfakes as AI Goes Mainstream''''' at bloomberg.com] (paywalled), June 2023 reporting on US legislation against synthetic human-like fakes. It lists CA, WA, WY, MN, TX, GA and VA as having anti-deepfake laws and lists LA, IL, MA and NJ as planning to legislate.

== The countries that have unfortunately banned full face veil ==

{{Q|There are currently 16 nations that have banned the burqa (not to be confused with the hijab), including [[w:Tunisia]],<ref name="reuters.com">

{{cite news
|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-tunisia-niqab-security-idUKKCN1U01CH
|title= Tunisian PM bans wearing of niqab in public institutions
|date=5 July 2019
|access-date=2021-03-13
|newspaper= Reuters
}}

</ref> [[w:Austria]], [[w:Denmark]], [[w:France]], [[w:Belgium]], [[w:Tajikistan]], [[w:Latvia]],<ref name="independent.co.uk">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/islamic-muslim-face-veil-niqab-burqa-banned-latvia-despite-being-worn-by-just-three-women-entire-a6993991.html
|title=A European government has banned Islamic face veils despite them being worn by just three women
|date=21 April 2016
|access-date=2021-03-13
}}

</ref> [[w:Bulgaria]],<ref>

[https://www.smh.com.au/world/bulgaria-the-latest-european-country-to-ban-the-burqa-and-niqab-in-public-places-20160930-grss9q.html Bulgaria the latest European country to ban the burqa and [niqab in public places], Smh.com.au: accessed 5 December 2016.

</ref> [[w:Cameroon]], [[w:Chad]], [[w:Congo-Brazzaville]], [[w:Gabon]], [[w:Netherlands]],<ref>
{{cite news
|last1=Halasz
|first1=Stephanie
|last2=McKenzie
|first2=Sheena
|title=The Netherlands introduces burqa ban in some public spaces
|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/27/europe/netherlands-partial-burqa-ban-intl/index.html
|access-date=2021-03-13
|agency=CNN
|issue=27 June 2018
|publisher=CNN
|date=27 June 2018
}}

</ref> [[w:China]],<ref>
{{cite news
|last1=Phillips
|first1=Tom
|title=China bans burqa in capital of Muslim region of Xinjiang
|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/11342070/China-bans-burqa-in-capital-of-Muslim-region-of-Xinjiang.html
|access-date=2021-03-13
|agency=The Telegraph
|issue=13 January 2015
|newspaper=The Telegraph
|date=13 January 2015
}}

</ref> [[w:Morocco]], and [[w:Switzerland]].|Wikipedia|[[w:Hijab by country]] as of 2021-03-13}}

Taking into consideration these times of industrial disinformation, it is vicious and uncivilized to have laws banning wearing a the full face veil in public.

== Quotes on the current laws and their application ==
{{#lst:Quotes|FinalLineOfDefenseForTheTimeBeing}}

----

= Footnotes =
<references group="footnote" />

= 1st seen in =
<references group="1st seen in" />

= References =
<references />

[[Category:In English]]
[[Category:Law]]
[[Category:Antifake]]

Laws against synthesis and other related crimes

2025-08-22T11:27:03Z

Juho Kunsola: fmt ref into {{cite web}}

[[File:No-synthetic-F.png|thumb|right|260px|link=Main Page|This article is an attempt to track legislation against '''[[synthetic human-like fakes]]''' world-wide.]]
[[File:Screenshot at 27s of a moving digital-look-alike made to appear Obama-like by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed 2018.png|thumb|right|480px|link=Mediatheque/2018/Obama's appearance thieved - a public service announcement digital look-alike by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Obama-like-fake-2018}}]]
[[File:Appearance of Richard Nixon stolen by the Center for Advanced Virtuality of MIT for their awareness raising project In The Event of Moon Disaster 2020 screenshot at 376s.png|thumb|rightr|480px|link=Mediatheque/2020/Nixon's appearance and voice stolen - a public service announcement digital look-alike and sound-alike by MIT's Center for Advanced Virtuality|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Nixon-like-fake-2020}}]]
[[File:Justice scale silhouette, medium.svg|thumb|right|200px|Do you know of a law or jurisdiction that this list does not include? Add it! Or let us know through the chat in the lower-righthand side!]]

This article contains some current laws against abusive uses of synthetic human-like fakes and also information what kind of laws are being prepared and two SSFWIKI original law proposals, [[#Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth|one against digital look-alikes]] and [[#Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice|one against digital sound-alikes]].

'''Information elsewhere / legal information compilations''' (recommended)
<section begin=anti-fake-law-compilations/>
* <section begin=ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker/>[https://legislation.ballotpedia.org/ai-deepfakes/home '''''AI deepfake legislation tracker''''' at legislation.ballotpedia.org] by Ballotpedia.org for tracking US legislation.<section end=ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker/>
* {{#lst:Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|cybercivilrights.org law compilations}}
* <section begin=responsible.ai 2023/>[https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches '''''A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches''''' at responsible.ai]<ref name="responsible.ai 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches
| title = A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches
| last = Lawson
| first = Amanda
| date = 2023-04-24
| website = responsible.ai
| publisher = Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> April 2023 compilation and reporting by Amanda Lawson of the Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute.<section end=responsible.ai 2023/>
* <section begin=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>[https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/ '''''The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology''''' at legaljournal.princeton.edu]<ref name="Princeton Legal Journal 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/
| title = The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology
| last = Quirk
| first = Caroline
| date = 2023-06-19
| website = legaljournal.princeton.edu
| publisher = Princeton Legal Journal
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}

</ref> compilation and reporting by Caroline Quirk. PLJ is Princeton’s only student-run law review.<section end=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>
* <section begin=tech policy press 2023/>[https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/ '''''Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography''''' at techpolicy.press]<ref name="tech policy press 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/
| title = Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography
| last = Williams
| first = Kaylee
| date = 2023-05-15
| website = techpolicy.press
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> May 2023 compilation and reporting by Kaylee Williams<section end=tech policy press 2023/>

* <section begin=Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA/>[https://foundationra.com/deepfake-ai-laws/ '''''Deepfake AI laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com], [https://foundationra.com/sextortion-laws/ '''''Sextortion laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com] and [https://foundationra.com/revenge-porn-laws-us/ '''''Revenge porn laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com] compilations by [https://foundationra.com/ Foundation RA]<section end=Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA/>
* <section begin=Onfido 2024/>[https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/ '''''Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?''''' at onfido.com]<ref name="Onfido 2024">
{{cite web
| url = https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/
| title = Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?
| last = Owen
| first = Aled
| date = 2024-02-02
| website = onfido.com
| publisher = Onfido
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> February 2024 summary and compilation by Aled Owen, Director of Global Policy at Onfido (for-profit)<section end=Onfido 2024/>

* <section begin=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>[https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html '''''Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?''''' at criminaldefenselawyer.com] <ref name="criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html
| title = Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?
| last = Pirius
| first = Rebecca
| date = 2024-02-07
| website = Criminaldefenselawyer.com
| publisher = [[w:Nolo (publisher)]]
| access-date = 2024-02-22
| quote =
}}

</ref> by Rebecca Pirius is a good bring-together of the current illegality/legality situation in the USA federally and state-wise. Published by [[w:Nolo (publisher)]], updated Feb 2024<section end=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>

* <section begin=tclf 2023/>[https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/ '''''Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace''''' at tclf.in]<ref name="tclf 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/
| title = Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace
| last = Rastogi
| first = Janvhi
| date = 2023-10-16
| website = tclf.in
| publisher = The Contemporary Law Forum
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> October 2023 compilation and reporting by Janvhi Rastogi, published in the The Contemporary Law Forum.<section end=tclf 2023/>

* <section begin=endcyberabuse.org/>[https://endcyberabuse.org/country-factsheets/ '''''The Law on Image-Based Sexual Abuse Worldwide''''' at endcyberabuse.org] contains information for Bangladesh, Canada, England and Wales, France, Germany, India, Japan, Pakistan, Philippines and the USA.<section end=endcyberabuse.org/>
<section end=anti-fake-law-compilations/>

'''New laws'''
* [[#UK|UK]]'s [[#Online Safety Act 2023|Online Safety Act 2023]] has been passed to law and reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.
* The [[#EU|European Union]] has finalized a law package to regulate AI called the [[#Artificial Intelligence Act|Artificial Intelligence Act]]

'''New bills are currently in the works in'''
* Current [[#Bills in the EU|bills in the EU]] of high importance are the almost finalized [[#Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence|Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence]] and the [[#Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse|Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]
* [[#Current bills in the USA|US Senate is considering an anti-fake bill and the House is considering several bills]]
* [[#Canada|Canada]] is considering C-27
* [[#China|China]] seems to be planning to ban all synthetic pornography, however consensual its making was

'''Bills that didn't make it'''
* [[#Canada|Canada's House of Commons]] was considering banning all pornographic content, for which there is no proof-of-age and written consent from everybody visible in the pornographic recording.
* [[#Past bills in the USA|Past bills in the USA]]

= International =
The '''[[w:Convention on Cybercrime]]''', also known as the '''Budapest Convention on Cybercrime''' or the '''Budapest Convention''', is the first international [[w:treaty]] seeking to address [[w:Internet]] and [[w:computer crime]] (cybercrime) harmonizing [[w:municipal law|national laws]], improving investigative techniques, and increasing cooperation among nations.<ref>[https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=185 Convention on Cybercrime, Budapest, 23 November 2001.]</ref> (Wikipedia) The. convention was signed on 2001-11-23

'''[[w:Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime]]''', concerning the criminalisation of acts of a racist and xenophobic nature committed through computer systems is an additional protocol to the [[w:Council of Europe]] Convention on Cybercrime.

= Australia =

[[File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|thumb|right|200px|Australia]]

== Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Act 2024 ==
'''The Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024'''<ref group="1st seen in">ChatGPT Deep research on augmenting this list of laws</ref> criminalized the creation, distribution, and even possession of explicit synthetic human-like fakes without consent.<ref name="GLI2024">https://www.globallegalinsights.com/news/australia-introduces-legislation-to-combat-deepfake-sexual-material/</ref>

Those who create a sexual deepfake of someone without consent face up to 10 years in prison. Those who share or distribute such material (even if they didn’t create it) can get up to 7 years, and merely possessing deepfake porn can lead to 5 years behind bars. Penalties escalate for aggravated cases – if the deepfake is used to harass or blackmail or if the victim is a minor, sentences can reach 15 years.<ref name="GLI2024"/>

'''Official'''
* [https://ministers.ag.gov.au/media-centre/new-criminal-laws-combat-sexually-explicit-deepfakes-21-08-2024 '''''New criminal laws to combat sexually explicit deepfakes''''' at ministers.ag.gov.au]
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/bd/bd2324a/24bd081 '''''Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024 digest''' at aph.gov.au] by Owen Griffiths.
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_LEGislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r7205 '''''Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024''''' progression summary at aph.gov.au]

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.globallegalinsights.com/news/australia-introduces-legislation-to-combat-deepfake-sexual-material/ '''''Australia introduces legislation to combat deepfake sexual material''''' at globallegalinsights.com]

== Online Safety Act 2021 ==

The [https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2021A00076/latest/text '''Online Safety Act 2021''' at legislation.gov.au]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing paper">https://equalitynow.org/resource/briefing-paper-deepfake-image-based-sexual-abuse-tech-facilitated-sexual-exploitation-and-the-law/</ref> regulates the non-consensual sharing or threatening to share sexual images.

If the synthetic fake human-like images depict illegal and restricted online content, then the Online Content Scheme, as defined in the Online Safety Act 2021, may apply.<ref name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing">https://equalitynow.org/resource/briefing-paper-deepfake-image-based-sexual-abuse-tech-facilitated-sexual-exploitation-and-the-law/</ref>

[https://www.esafety.gov.au/ '''Office of the eSafety Commissioner''' at esafety.gov.au] is Australia's independent regulator for online safety.

'''Links'''
* [https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/whats-on/online-safety-act '''''Learn about the Online Safety Act''''' at esafety.gov.au]
* [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-technology-communications/internet/online-safety/current-legislation '''''Key elements of the Online Safety Act 2021''''' at infrastructure.gov.au]
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_LEGislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r6680 '''Online Safety Bill 2021''' at aph.gov.au]
* [https://foundationra.com/australia/ '''Revenge porn laws in Australia''' at foundationra.com]

= Canada =
[[File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg|thumb|right|200px|House of Commons of Canada was contemplating banning distribution of all pornography for which there are no consent declarations and proof-of-age for the people depicted.]]

The existing Canadian law ban the distribution of non-consensual disclosure of intimate images.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

== Active bills in Canada ==
=== Digital Charter Implementation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-27 ===
[https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/c-27 '''''Digital Charter Implementation Act''''' at parl.ca] or ''An Act to enact the Consumer Privacy Protection Act, the Personal Information and Data Protection Tribunal Act and the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act and to make consequential and related amendments to other Acts''

== Past bills in Canada ==
=== Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-270 ===

* [https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading House of Commons of Canada bill '''C-270''' ''''''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'''''' at parl.ca], an act to amend the [[w:Criminal Code (Canada)|Criminal Code]] regarding pornography was first read to the Commons by [[w:Arnold Viersen]] on Thursday 2022-04-28 at 10:15.

According to [https://www.townandcountrytoday.com/local-news/mp-submits-private-members-bill-for-second-time-5346232 townandcountrytoday.com] the author of the bill introduced an identical bill '''C-302''' on Thursday 2021-05-27, but that got killed off by oncoming federal elections

'''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''' - '''An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)''' is a private member's bill by Arnold Viersen ([https://www.arnoldviersen.ca/ Official Site at arnoldviersen.ca])

'''Summary of the C-270 from parl.ca'''
<blockquote>
"''This enactment amends the Criminal Code to prohibit a person from making, distributing or advertising pornographic material for commercial purposes without having first ascertained that, at the time the material was made, '''each person''' whose image is '''depicted''' in the material was '''18 years of age''' or older and '''gave their express consent''' to their image being depicted.''"</blockquote><ref name="Canada C-270">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading
|title= Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)
|last=Viersen
|first=Arnold
|date=2022-04-28
|website=parl.ca
|publisher=[[w:House of Commons of Canada]]
|access-date=2022-10-06
|quote=}}

</ref>

'''Sommaire en français / Summary in French'''
<blockquote>
''Le texte modifie le Code criminel afin d’interdire à toute personne de produire ou de distribuer du matériel pornographique à des fins commerciales, ou d’en faire la publicité, sans s’être au préalable assurée qu’au moment de la production du matériel, '''chaque personne''' dont l’image y est représentée '''était âgée de dix-huit ans''' ou plus et '''avait donné son consentement exprès''' à ce que son image y soit représentée''.</blockquote><ref>Bilingual version of C-270 https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf</ref>

'''Links'''

* [https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' in English et en français at publications.gc.ca]
* [https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/C-270 Parliament of Canada LEGISinfo: C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at parl.ca] in English
* [https://openparliament.ca/bills/44-1/C-270/ C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at openparliament.ca] includes motivation of Mr. Arnold Viersen and the co-sponsor of the bill Mr. Garnett Genuis.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.conservative.ca/mp-viersen-reintroduces-the-stopping-internet-sexual-exploitation-sise-act/ ''MP Viersen reintroduces the Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation (SISE) Act'' at conservative.ca]

----

= China =
This information should be updated.
[[File:Flag of China.png|thumb|right|200px|China passed a law requiring faked footage to be labeled as such, effective 2020-01-01]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in China ==

=== Mandatory labeling of fake media in China since 2020 ===
<section begin=China2020 />On Wednesday January 1 2020 Chinese law requiring that synthetically faked footage should bear a clear notice about its fakeness came into effect. Failure to comply could be considered a [[w:crime]] the [[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]] ([http://www.cac.gov.cn/ cac.gov.cn]) stated on its website. China announced this new law in November 2019.<ref name="Reuters2019">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-technology/china-seeks-to-root-out-fake-news-and-deepfakes-with-new-online-content-rules-idUSKBN1Y30VU
| title = China seeks to root out fake news and deepfakes with new online content rules
| last =
| first =
| date = 2019-11-29
| website = [[w:Reuters.com]]
| publisher = [[w:Reuters]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref> The Chinese government seems to be reserving the right to prosecute both users and [[w:online video platform]]s failing to abide by the rules. <ref name="TheVerge2019">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/29/20988363/china-deepfakes-ban-internet-rules-fake-news-disclosure-virtual-reality
| title = China makes it a criminal offense to publish deepfakes or fake news without disclosure
| last = Statt
| first = Nick
| date = 2019-11-29
| website =
| publisher = [[w:The Verge]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref>
<section end=China2020 />

=== Deep Synthesis Provisions 2023 ===
On Tuesday 2023-01-10 the Deep Synthesis Provisions came into effect. It was originally drafted in 2022 by the '''[[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]]''' as [https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/deep-synthesis-draft/ '''''Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis Internet Information Services''''' (Draft for solicitation of comments) at chinalawtranslate.com] or [http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-01/28/c_1644970458520968.htm view the Chinese language draft '''''国家互联网信息办公室关于《互联网信息服务深度合成管理规定（征求意见稿）》公开征求意见的通知''''' at cac.gov.cn]<ref group="1st seen in">'''Politico AI: Decoded''' mailing list Wednesday 2022-02-02</ref>.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://thediplomat.com/2023/03/chinas-new-legislation-on-deepfakes-should-the-rest-of-asia-follow-suit/ '''''China’s New Legislation on Deepfakes: Should the Rest of Asia Follow Suit?''''' at thediplomat.com] March 2023 reporting
----
= Denmark =
[[File:Animated flag GIFGIFs Denmark.gif|thumb|right|300px|Denmark is considering a novel approach against synthetic filth, by planning to give Danes copyright over their own appearance and voice, a shift from previous legislative approaches against [[synthetic human-like fakes]].]]
Denmark is currently considering changing its laws so that each Dane would have copyright over their own appearance and voice. The Danish approach is novel because it creates a [[w:Right to property|w:property right]] in one’s biometric identity, treating voice/appearance like [[w:intellectual property]], whereas the previous legislative steps elsewhere have been harms-based.

The legislative proposal comes from the Department of Culture of Denmark and is said to have massive support among MPs.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/> The planned changes to Danish copyright law will, once approved, theoretically give people in Denmark the right to demand that online platforms remove content that is in violation of a Danish human's copyright.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/> Parodies and satire get an exception and would still be permitted.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/>

'''Reporting'''

* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jun/27/deepfakes-denmark-copyright-law-artificial-intelligence '''''Denmark to tackle deepfakes by giving people copyright to their own features''''' at theguardian.com] by Miranda Bryant 2025-06-27<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025">
{{cite web
|last = Bryant
|first = Miranda
|date = 2025-06-27
|title = Denmark to tackle deepfakes by giving people copyright to their own features
|url = https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jun/27/deepfakes-denmark-copyright-law-artificial-intelligence
|website = theguardian.com
|location = UK
|publisher = The Guardian
|access-date = 2026-08-22
|quote = The Danish culture minister, Jakob Engel-Schmidt, said he hoped the bill before parliament would send an “unequivocal message” that everybody had the right to the way they looked and sounded. He told the Guardian: “In the bill we agree and are sending an unequivocal message that everybody has the right to their own body, their own voice and their own facial features, which is apparently not how the current law is protecting people against generative AI.”
}}
</ref>
* [https://lsj.com.au/articles/denmark-proposes-copyright-laws-to-protect-against-deepfakes/ '''''Denmark proposes copyright laws to protect against deepfakes''''' at lsj.com.au] reporting and analysis by Cat Woods 2025-07-16

----

= EU =
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|200px|The EU must address the malicious uses of AI in the law it is planning to regulate AI.]]
== Laws in the EU ==
=== Artificial Intelligence Act ===

The European Union has a law on AI called '''[[w:Artificial Intelligence Act]]'''. The European Commission proposed the AI Act in 2021. On Wednesday 2024-03-13 the MEPs adopted this law.<ref>

{{cite web
| url = https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law
| title = Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law
| last =
| first =
| date = 2024-03-13
| website = europarl.europa.eu
| publisher = [[w:European Parliament]]
| access-date = 2024-03-22
| quote = The regulation, agreed in negotiations with member states in December 2023, was endorsed by MEPs with 523 votes in favour, 46 against and 49 abstentions.
}}

</ref> The AI Act will have a key role in the effective implementation of upcoming EU [[#Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence|Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence]] and [[#Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse|Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]] that intend to protect us against synthetic pornography.

* European '''Artificial Intelligence Act''' has been approved by the member countries and is on track to be approved by April 2024.<ref>https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-artificial-intelligence-act-ai-technology-risk-rules/</ref> Read [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206 Proposal for a '''''REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL LAYING DOWN HARMONISED RULES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACT) AND AMENDING CERTAIN UNION LEGISLATIVE ACTS''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu]<ref group="1st seen in">https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/the-act/ via https://futureoflife.org/ newsletter</ref> (also contains translations)

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-europe-fit-for-the-digital-age/file-regulation-on-artificial-intelligence '''''Artificial intelligence act''''' in the Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu]

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law '''''Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a press announcement on the adoption of the Artificial Intelligence Act on Wednesday 2024-03-13.

'''Studies and information'''

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/stoa/en/document/EPRS_STU(2021)690039 '''''Tackling deepfakes in European policy''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a 2021 study by the Panel for the Future of Science and Technology and published by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]]. [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/690039/EPRS_STU(2021)690039_EN.pdf View .pdf at europarl.europa.eu]
* [https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/ '''''The EU Artificial Intelligence Act''''' at artificialintelligenceact.eu] is a website promising ''Up-to-date developments and analyses of the EU AI Act'' on the new EU law by the [https://futureoflife.org/ Future of Life Institute], an American non-profit NGO.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euractiv.com/section/artificial-intelligence/opinion/the-ai-act-vs-deepfakes-a-step-forward-but-is-it-enough/ '''''The AI Act vs. deepfakes: A step forward, but is it enough?''''' at euractiv.com], 2024-02-26 opinion piece by Cristina Vanberghen

=== Digital Services Act ===
[https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/digital-services-act-package '''The Digital Services Act''' package at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] [[w:Digital Services Act]] (DSA) came into force in November 2022.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

The Artificial Intelligence Act and Digital Services Act together will help in the enforcement of the upcoming protections to shield us from synthesis crimes.

== Bills in the EU ==
=== Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence ===
The [https://commission.europa.eu/document/28552314-3316-40b4-ae0f-17ff8ab9f43f_en '''''Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at commission.europa.eu] will require, among other things, that member states criminalize non-consensual [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|synthetic digital look-alike]] pornography in their criminal codes.

'''Official'''

* [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52022PC0105 '''''Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu] has the directive text in all languages and various formats

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-new-push-for-european-democracy/file-legislative-proposal-on-gender-based-violence '''''Legislative proposal on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''close to adoption''. (As of March 2024)

* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_649 '''''Commission welcomes political agreement on new rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-02-06 press release by the [[w:European Commission]].

* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_1533 '''''International Women's Day 2022: Commission proposes EU-wide rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-03-08 press release by the EC.

'''Unofficial'''

* [https://hateaid.org/en/eu-protects-women-from-digital-violence/ '''''Deepfakes and dick pics: EU protects women from digital violence''''' at hateaid.org], a 2024-02-07 press release by HateAid.org

* [https://futureoflife.org/ai-policy/disrupting-the-deepfake-pipeline-in-europe/ '''''Disrupting the Deepfake Pipeline in Europe''''' at futureoflife.org], 2024-02-22 article on the approach of ''Leveraging corporate criminal liability under the Violence Against Women Directive to safeguard against pornographic deepfake exploitation'' by Alexandra Tsalidis

=== Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse ===

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-promoting-our-european-way-of-life/file-combating-child-sexual-abuse-online '''''New legislation to fight child sexual abuse online''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''tabled''. (As of March 2024)
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/ '''''Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/timeline-prevention-of-online-child-sexual-abuse/ '''''Timeline - Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]

{{Q|The '''Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse''' ('''Child Sexual Abuse Regulation''', or '''CSAR''') is a [[w:European Union regulation]] proposed by the [[w:European Commissioner for Home Affairs]] [[w:Ylva Johansson]] on 11 May 2022. The stated aim of the legislation is to prevent child sexual abuse online through the implementation of a number of measures, including the establishment of a framework that would make the detection and reporting of child sexual abuse material ([[w:Child pornography|CSAM]]) by digital platforms a legal requirement within the European Union.|Wikipedia as of March 2024|[[w:Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]}}

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/02/06/new-eu-rules-will-criminalise-paedophilia-handbooks-and-deepfakes-of-child-abuse '''''New EU rules will criminalise 'paedophilia handbooks' and deepfakes of child abuse''''' at euronews.com], 2024-02-06 reporting

== Code of practice on Disinformation 2022 ==
The [https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation '''2022 Code of Practice on Disinformation''' at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] - ''Major online platforms, emerging and specialised platforms, players in the advertising industry, fact-checkers, research and civil society organisations delivered a strengthened Code of Practice on Disinformation following the Commission’s Guidance of May 2021''.<ref>https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation</ref>

= Finland =
[[File:Flag of Finland.svg|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|200px|Finland finally updated its laws in 2023 against synthetic filth attacks against adults.]]
[[File:Suomen lippu valokuva.png|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|255px|Finland strongly criminalized synthetic sexual pictures depicting children in 2011, upon the initiative of the [[w:Vanhanen II Cabinet]]]]
== Laws in Finland ==

[[File:Flag_of_Finland.svg|link=Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023|25px]] Suomeksi / in Finnish [[Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023]]

=== Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|what-is-it}}

=== Finland criminalized synthetic CSAM in 2011 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|history}}

----
= France =
[https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F32103 '''''Droit à l'image et respect de la vie privée''''' at service-public.fr] or in English [https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F32103?lang=en '''''Right to the image and respect for privacy''''' at service-public.fr] (automatic translation)

----

= Germany =
[[File:Flag of Germany.svg|thumb|right|200px|Existing German laws provide protection against appearance theft.]]
* [https://mj-cohen.com/2020/01/03/deepfakes-and-german-law/ '''''Deepfakes and German law''''' at mj-cohen.com], January 2020 summary by Maureen Cohen states that the existing German laws are well equipped rendering non-consensual digital look-alikes illegal.

----
= India =
[[File:Flag of India.svg|thumb|right|200px|India]]

'''Laws in India'''

Laws in India can be accessed through the [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/ '''India Code''' at indiacode.nic.in]

'''[[w:Information Technology Act, 2000]]'''
* Section 66. - '''Computer related offences.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=76&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66A. - Omitted. Would have been ''Punishment for sending offensive messages through communication service, etc.''
** Section 66B. - Punishment for dishonestly receiving stolen computer resource or communication device.
** Section 66C. - '''Punishment for identity theft.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=79&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66D. - '''Punishment for cheating by personation by using computer resource.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=80&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66E. - '''Punishment for violation of privacy.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=81#:~:text=Whoever%2C%20intentionally%20or%20knowingly%20captures,two%20lakh%20rupees%2C%20or%20with</ref>
** Section 66F. - Punishment for cyber terrorism.
* Section 67. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting obscene material in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=83&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67A. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material containing sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=84&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67B. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material depicting children in sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=85&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67C. - Preservation and retention of information by intermediaries.

'''[[w:Information Technology Rules, 2021]]'''

'''Past bills in India'''
* [[w:Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019]]
'''Legal compilations on the legal situation against synthetic filth in India'''
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|tclf 2023}}
* [https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916 '''''Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture''''' at livelaw.in]<ref name="Livelaw.in 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916
| title = Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture
| last = Rana
| first = Vikrant
| last2 = Gandhi
| first2 = Anuradha
| last3 = Thakur
| first3 = Rachita
| date = 2023-11-24
| website = livelaw.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-21
| quote =
}}
</ref> 2023-11-24 compilation on laws against synthetic fakes in India, by Vikrant Rana, Anuradha Gandhi and Rachita Thakur
* [https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/ '''''What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?''''' at cybercert.in]<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/
| title = What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website = cybercert.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-03-23
| quote = At present, India does not have any law specifically for deep fake cybercrime, but various other laws can be combined to deal with it.
}}
</ref>
* [https://cybercert.in/indian-cyber-laws/ '''''Cyberlaw in India''''' at cybercert.in] provides a wider look into the Indian Cyber Laws

----
= New Zealand =
[[File:Flag of New Zealand.svg|thumb|right|200px|New Zealand]]

* [https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2015/0063/latest/whole.html ''''Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015'''' at legislation.govt.nz]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing paper"/> criminalises intimate visual recordings and image-based sexual abuse.

* '''[[w:Netsafe]]''' [https://netsafe.org.nz/ netsafe.org.nz] is an online safety non-profit organisation in New Zealand. It provides educational, anti-bullying and support services. The organisation is contracted under the [[w:Harmful Digital Communications Act]] until 2026. (Wikipedia)

* [https://www.cert.govt.nz/ '''CERT.govt.nz'''], the [[w:Computer emergency response team]] of New Zealand - "''Responding to cyber security threats in New Zealand - CERT NZ is your first port of call when you need to report a cyber security problem.''"

* The '''[[w:Department of Internal Affairs]]''' investigates the possession of, and trading in, child exploitation material.<ref>https://www.police.govt.nz/advice-services/cybercrime-and-internet/online-child-safety</ref>

'''Links regarding the Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015'''
* [https://www.police.govt.nz/advice-services/cybercrime-and-internet/harmful-digital-communications-hdc ''''Harmful Digital Communications (HDC)'''' at police.govt.nz] by the [[w:New Zealand Police]]
* [https://www.justice.govt.nz/courts/civil/harmful-digital-communications/ ''''Harmful digital communications'''' at justice.govt.nz] by the [[w:Ministry of Justice (New Zealand)]]
* [https://netsafe.org.nz/what-is-the-hdca/ '''''What is the HDCA?''''' at netsafe.org.nz] by [[w:Netsafe]], the agency approved by the [[w:New Zealand Police]] to process complaints about harmful digital communications.
* See Wikipedia article on '''[[w:Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015]]''' for more info

----

= Singapore =
[[File:Flag of Singapore.svg|thumb|right|200px|Singapore]]
== Law in Singapore ==
=== Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019 ===

[[w:Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> is a [[w:statute]] of the [[w:Parliament of Singapore]] that enables authorities to tackle the spread of [[w:fake news]] or [[w:false information]]. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protection_from_Online_Falsehoods_and_Manipulation_Act_2019&oldid=1134029282 Wikipedia])

----

= South Africa =
[[File:Flag of the Republic of South Africa.svg|thumb|right|200px|[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 South Africa's relatively new Cybercrimes Act (Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020)] has been enacted only partially on Dec 1 2021]]

== Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020 ==
[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 '''South-Africa Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020''' (English / Afrikaans) at gov.za]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref> came only partially into effect on Wednesday 2021-12-01.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref>

* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-16-distribution-of-data-message-of-intimate-image/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 16 - Disclosure of data message of intimate image''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] Subsection 1 states <blockquote>''Any person (‘‘A’’) who unlawfully and intentionally discloses, by means of an electronic communications service, a data message of an intimate image of a person (‘‘B’’), without the consent of B, is guilty of an offence.''
</blockquote>

* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-17-attempting-conspiring-aiding-abetting-inducing-inciting-instigating-instructing-commanding-or-procuring-to-commit-offence/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 17 - Attempting, conspiring, aiding, abetting, inducing, inciting, instigating, instructing, commanding or procuring to commit offence''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] states
<blockquote>
Any person who unlawfully and intentionally
# attempts;
# conspires with any other person; or
# aids, abets, induces, incites, instigates, instructs, commands or procures another person, to commit an offence in terms of Part I or Part II of this Chapter, is guilty of an offence and is liable on conviction to the punishment to which a person convicted of actually committing that offence would be liable.
</blockquote>

'''Links'''
* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/ '''Cybercrimes Act''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] by Accessible Law contains the law in website format

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/ '''''Not all of the cogs in the Cybercrimes Act machine are turning at once — we still remain vulnerable''''' at dailymaverick.co.za]

----
= South Korea =
[[File:Flag of South Korea.svg|thumb|right|200px|South Korea has invested heavily in AI research and has also legislation to counter the menaces of synthetic human-like fakes.]]
== Law in South Korea ==
=== ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES ===
[https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawView.do?hseq=40947&lang=ENG '''ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES''' at elaw.klri.re.kr] is a law in South Korea.<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

----

= UK =
* {{#lst:Glossary|UK-Parliament-glossary}}
* {{#lst:Glossary|Law-Society-glossary}}

== Law against synthesis crimes in the UK ==
[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|thumb|right|200px|The UK has improved its legislation.]]

=== Anti-CSAM measures 2025 ===
On Saturday 2025-02-01 Home Secretary Yvette Cooper announced that the UK will be the 1st country in the world to<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-leading-the-way-protecting-children-from-online-predators</ref>
* "''make it illegal to possess, create or distribute AI tools designed to generate child sexual abuse material (CSAM), punishable by up to 5 years in prison''"
* "''make it illegal for anyone to possess AI ‘paedophile manuals’ which teach people how to use AI to sexually abuse children, punishable by up to 3 years in prison''"

Also a law to
* "''introduce a specific offence for predators who run websites designed for other paedophiles to share vile child sexual abuse content or advice on how to groom children, punishable by up to 10 years in prison''"

Additional powers will be given to the Border Force
* "''give Border Force the necessary powers to keep the UK safe and prevent the distribution of CSAM which is often filmed abroad by allowing officers to compel an individual who they reasonably suspect poses a sexual risk to children to unlock their digital devices for inspection, punishable by up to 3 years in prison, depending on the severity''"

Official
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-leading-the-way-protecting-children-from-online-predators '''''Britain's leading the way protecting children from online predators ''''' at gov.uk] - ''UK becomes the first country in the world to create new AI sexual abuse offences to protect children from predators generating AI images. ''

Reporting
* [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8d90qe4nylo '''''AI-generated child sex abuse images targeted with new laws''''' at bbc.com]
* [https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/02/uk/britain-criminalizes-ai-child-sex-abuse-intl-hnk/index.html '''''UK to target AI child sex abuse tools in world first legal crackdown''''' at edition.cnn.com]
* [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/2/uk-to-become-first-country-to-criminalise-ai-child-abuse-tools '''''UK to become first country to criminalise AI child abuse tools''''' at aljazeera.com]
* [https://www.voanews.com/a/uk-to-become-1st-country-to-criminalize-ai-child-abuse-tools/7959851.html '''''UK to become 1st country to criminalize AI child abuse tools''''' at voanews.com]

=== Creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in the UK 2024 ===
On Tuesday 2024-04-16 the UK announced that '''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK'''.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com]</ref> This is a very good move and next logical step would be the prohibition of non-consensually possessing other people's appearance models and voice models, as suggested in [[#Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola|Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola]]. There is really no logical reason to allow criminal leagues to legally possess and trade their libraries of models without this acquisition through covert modeling or trading and possession of raw materials (covert models) to produce the disinformation weapons being illegal.

Reporting
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''Creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com]

=== Online Safety Act 2023 ===
[[w:Online Safety Act 2023]] [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2023/50/enacted '''Online Safety Act 2023''' at legislation.gov.uk] received Royal Assent on 2023-10-26<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular</ref> and it reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.

* '''Part 4''' - '''CSEA reporting''' of the Act on CSEA reporting has not yet come into effect as of February 2024.
** Section 66 requires providers of services regulated under the Act to have systems and processes in place (so far as possible) to ensure that they report all detected and unreported CSEA content present on the service to the NCA (National Crime Agency)
** '''Offence in relation to CSEA reporting''' in Section 69
* '''Part 7''' – '''Enforcement offences'''
* '''Part 10''' - '''Communication offences''' establishes
** '''False communications offence''' in Section 179
** '''Threatening communications offence''' in Section 181
** '''Offences of sending or showing flashing images electronically''' in Section 183
** '''Offence of encouraging or assisting serious self-harm''' in Section 184
** '''Sending etc photograph or film of genitals''' in Section 187
** '''Sharing or threatening to share intimate photograph or film''' in Section 188

The Online Safety Act 2023 came to be from a House of Lords bill UK's [https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3137 '''HL Bill 151''' - '''''Online Safety Bill''''' at bills.parliament.uk] The bill originated from the House of Commons sessions 2021-22 2022-23.

* [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular '''''Online Safety Act: new criminal offences circular''''' at gov.uk] published 2024-01-31 - It is a ''circular is issued to inform the police and other relevant public authorities of certain provisions of the Online Safety Act in particular new criminal offences.''
* [https://www.ofcom.org.uk/news-centre/2023/safer-life-online-for-people-in-uk ''Creating a safer life online for people in the UK'' at ofcom.org.uk]

* [https://www.gov.uk/guidance/a-guide-to-the-online-safety-bill ''A guide to the Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/online-safety-bill ''Documents, publications and announcements relating to the government's Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]

'''Reporting and summaries of the Online Safety Act'''
* [https://www.infolaw.co.uk/newsletter/2023/11/the-online-safety-act-2023-a-primer/ '''''The Online Safety Act 2023: a primer''''' at infolaw.co.uk], a 2023 primer on the Online Safety Act by Alex Heshmaty on 2023-11-29
* [https://www.epra.org/news_items/uk-the-online-safety-act-is-now-law-ofcom-s-powers-as-online-safety-regulator-have-officially-commenced '''''UK: The Online Safety Act is now law; Ofcom’s powers as online safety regulator have officially commenced''''' at epra.org] states that there will three successive implementation phases.

=== The Domestic Abuse Act 2021 Chapter 17, part 6 - Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films ===
'''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/contents/enacted Chapter 17] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/enacted Part 6 - ''Offences involving abusive or violent behaviour''] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted ''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films'' - ''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress'']

According to the UK-based [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/ '''Revenge Porn Helpline''' at revengepornhelpline.org.uk] article [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/ '''''What to do if someone is threatening to share your intimate images'''''] threats to share intimate images with the intent to cause distress is now an offense in UK law. This is included within the '''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' which was enacted into UK law on 29th June 2021.<ref>https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/</ref>

We don't know quite yet if the bug has been fixed, that if the pictures <u>are not pictures of you</u>, but [[synthetic human-like fakes]] the police cannot do anything.

'''Links'''
* [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted '''Domestic Abuse Act 2021''' / '''Chapter 17''' / '''Part 6''' / '''''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films''''' - '''''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress''''' at legislation.gov.uk]

=== Historical about the UK law against synthesis crimes ===

The UK law was not very up-to-date on the issue of synthetic filth until recent improvements.

The independent [[w:Law Commission (England and Wales)]] reviewed the law where it applies to taking, making and sharing intimate images without consent. The outcome of the consultation was due to be published later in 2021.<ref name="BBC2021">

{{cite web
|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-55546372
|title = 'Deepfake porn images still give me nightmares'
|last = Royle
|first = Sara
|date = 2021-01-05
|website = [[w:BBC Online]]
|publisher = [[w:BBC]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = She alerted the police to the images but was told that no action could be taken. Dr Aislinn O'Connell, a lecturer in law at Royal Holloway University of London, explained that Helen's case fell outside the current law.}}

</ref>

"In 2019, law expert Dr Aislinn O’Connell told [[w:The Independent]] that our current laws on image sharing are piecemeal and not fit for purpose. In October 2018 The [[w:Women and Equalities Committee]] called on the UK Government to introduce new legislation on image-based sexual abuse in order to '''criminalise ALL''' non-consensual creation and distribution of intimate sexual images."<ref name="MortPetition2020">

{{cite web
|url = https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images
|title = Change.org petition: 'Tighten regulation on taking, making and faking explicit images'
|last = Mort
|first = Helen
|date = 2020
|website = [[w:Change.org]]
|publisher = [[w:Change.org]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = Unlike other forms of revenge porn, creating pictures or videos like this is not yet illegal in the UK, though it is in some places in the US. The police were unable to help me.}}

</ref> This call is for similar laws as California put in place on January 1 2020.

----

= USA =

[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|thumb|right|200px|Various US states have enacted state laws aimed against synthetic human-like fakes and since May 2025 through the [[w:TAKE IT DOWN Act]] USA has federal legislation against this menace. Many other [[#Past bills in the USA|federal bills have been introduced in the USA]].]]

* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker}}
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024}}
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA}}

{{#lst:Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|cybercivilrights.org law compilations}}

See also:
* [[#Current bills in the USA|Current bills in the USA]] and [[#Past bills in the USA|past bills in the USA]]
* [https://www.congress.gov/legislative-process/introduction-and-referral-of-bills '''The Legislative Process: Introduction and Referral of Bills (Video)''' at congress.gov]
* {{#lst:Glossary|US-Congress-glossary}}

== Federal laws in the USA against synthesis crimes ==
=== US Senate Act S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
The [https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/146 '''''S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act''''' at congress.gov], a bipartisan act against non-consensual intimate image-based abuse, or in other words, against naked synthetic digital look-alikes and real image-based abuse. The long name for citing this act is '''''T'''ools to '''A'''ddress '''K'''nown '''E'''xploitation by '''I'''mmobilizing '''T'''echnological '''D'''eepfakes '''o'''n '''W'''ebsites and '''N'''etworks Act'''''.

It became federal law on Monday 2025-05-19. It was passed by the House of Representatives on Monday 2025-04-28. There is a one year delay on some of the requirements of the TAKE IT DOWN Act.

* In Wikipedia [[w:TAKE IT DOWN Act]]

* [https://rainn.org/policy/take-it-down-act '''''Take It Down Act''''' summary at rainn.org] - ''Criminalizing tech-enabled sexual abuse'' - ''Join us in celebrating this landmark victory for survivors of image-based sexual abuse!''
* [https://rainn.org/news/rainn-backed-%E2%80%9Ctake-it-down-act%E2%80%9D-passes-congress '''''RAINN-Backed “Take It Down Act” Passes Congress!''''' at rainn.org] - ''HISTORIC WIN FOR VICTIMS OF TECH-ENABLED SEXUAL ABUSE: RAINN-Backed “Take It Down Act” Passes Congress!''
* [https://apnews.com/article/take-it-down-deepfake-trump-melania-first-amendment-741a6e525e81e5e3d8843aac20de8615 '''''Take It Down Act, addressing nonconsensual deepfakes and ‘revenge porn,’ passes. What is it?''''' at apnews.com], 2025-04-28 reporting by Barbara Ortutay

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.npr.org/2025/04/28/nx-s1-5380236/take-it-down-act-melania-trump '''''Congress approves a revenge porn bill backed by first lady Melania Trump''''' at npr.org], 2025-04-28 reporting by Ayana Archie
* [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/house-take-it-down-act-vote-deepfake-pornography-victims/ '''''House passes "Take it Down Act," sending revenge porn bill backed by Melania Trump to president's desk''''' at cbsnews.com], 2025-04-28 reporting by Caitlin Yilek

== Law against synthesis crimes in Virginia 2019 ==
=== Code of Virginia § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty ===
[[File:Flag of Virginia.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Virginia]], an avant-garde state. Motto "[[w:Sic semper tyrannis]]"]]

<section begin=Virginia2019 />[[File:Marcus Simon.jpeg|thumb|right|108px|Homie [[w:Marcus Simon|w:Marcus Simon]] ([http://marcussimon.com/ marcussimon.com]) is a Member of the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] and a true pioneer in legislating against synthetic filth.]] Since July 1 2019<ref>

{{Cite web
| url=https://www.fauquier.com/news/new-state-laws-go-into-effect-july/article_6e2e16c8-96b7-11e9-88d0-83a8852ef3eb.html
| title=New state laws go into effect July 1
}}

</ref> [[w:Virginia]] [[w:criminalization|w:has criminalized]] the sale and dissemination of unauthorized synthetic pornography, but not the manufacture.<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515">
{{cite web
| url = https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/
| title = § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website =
| publisher = [[w:Virginia]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref>, as section [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ § 18.2-386.2 titled ''''''Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''''''] became part of the '''[[w:Code of Virginia]]'''.

[https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/ '''Code of Virginia''' (TOC)] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/ '''Title 18.2.''' Crimes and Offenses Generally] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/ '''Chapter 8.''' Crimes Involving Morals and Decency] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title18.2/chapter8/article5/ '''Article 5.''' Obscenity and Related Offenses] » '''Section''' [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ § '''18.2-386.2.''' Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty]

The [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ section '''§ 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''' of Virginia] is as follows:
<blockquote>
'''A'''. ''Any [[w:person]] who, with the [[w:Intention (criminal law)|w:intent]] to [[w:coercion|w:coerce]], [[w:harassment|w:harass]], or [[w:intimidation|w:intimidate]], [[w:Malice_(law)|w:malicious]]ly [[w:dissemination|w:disseminates]] or [[w:sales|w:sells]] any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever that [[w:Depiction|w:depicts]] another person who is totally [[w:nudity|w:nude]], or in a state of undress so as to expose the [[w:sex organs|w:genitals]], pubic area, [[w:buttocks]], or female [[w:breast]], where such person knows or has reason to know that he is not [[w:license]]d or [[w:authorization|w:authorized]] to disseminate or sell such [[w:Video|w:videographic]] or [[w:Film still|w:still image]] is [[w:Guilt (law)|w:guilty]] of a Class 1 [[w:Misdemeanor#United States|w:misdemeanor]]. ''
::For purposes of this subsection, "another person" includes a person whose image was used in creating, adapting, or modifying a videographic or still image with the intent to depict an actual person and who is recognizable as an actual person by the person's [[w:face]], [[w:Simulacrum|w:likeness]], or other distinguishing characteristic.''

'''B'''. ''If a person uses [[w:Service (economics)|w:services]] of an [[w:Internet service provider]], an electronic mail service provider, or any other information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server in committing acts prohibited under this section, such provider shall not be held responsible for violating this section for content provided by another person.''

'''C.''' ''Venue for a prosecution under this section may lie in the [[w:jurisdiction]] where the unlawful act occurs or where any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever is produced, reproduced, found, stored, received, or possessed in violation of this section.''

'''D.''' ''The provisions of this section shall not preclude prosecution under any other [[w:statute]].''<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515"/>

The identical bills were [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+HB2678 House Bill 2678] presented by [[w:Delegate (American politics)|w:Delegate]] [[w:Marcus Simon]] to the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] on January 14 2019 and three day later an identical [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+SB1736 Senate bill 1736] was introduced to the [[w:Senate of Virginia]] by Senator [[w:Adam Ebbin]].
</blockquote>
<section end=Virginia2019 />

== Law against synthesis crimes in Texas 2019 ==
=== Texas SB 751 - Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election ===
[[File:Flag of Texas.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Texas]], the Lone Star State has protected the political candidates, but not ordinary folk against synthetic filth.]]

<section begin=Texas2019 />On September 1 2019 [[w:Texas Senate]] bill [https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/86R/billtext/html/SB00751F.htm '''SB 751''' - '''''Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election'''''] [[w:amendment]]s to the election code came into effect in the [[w:Law of Texas]], giving [[w:candidates]] in [[w:elections]] a '''30-day protection period''' to the elections during which making and distributing digital look-alikes or synthetic fakes of the candidates is an offense. The law text defines the subject of the law as "''a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality''"<ref name="TexasSB751">

{{cite web
|url= https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751
|title= Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election
|last=
|first=
|date= 2019-06-14
|website=
|publisher= [[w:Texas]]
|access-date= 2021-01-23
|quote= In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality}}

</ref> SB 751 was introduced to the Senate by [[w:Bryan Hughes (politician)]].<ref name="Texas SB 751 history">https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751</ref>

<section end=Texas2019 />

The text of '''S.B. No. 751''' is as follows
<blockquote>
'''''AN ACT relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election.'''''

''BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:''

SECTION 1. ''[https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/EL/htm/EL.255.htm Section 255.004, Election Code], is [[w:Amend (motion)|w:amended]] by adding Subsections (d) and (e) to read as follows:''
* ('''d''') ''A person commits an offense if the person, with intent to injure a candidate or influence the result of an election:''
*# '''''creates''' a [[w:deepfake|deep fake]] video; and''
*# ''causes the deep fake video to be '''published''' or '''distributed''' within '''30 days''' of an '''election'''.''
* ('''e''') ''In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the '''intent to deceive''', that '''appears to depict''' a real person performing an action that '''did not occur''' in '''reality'''.''
SECTION 2. ''This Act takes effect September 1, 2019.''
</blockquote>
----

* [[w:Texas Legislature]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in California 2020 ==
=== California AB-602 - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action ===
[[File:Flag of California.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:California]] moved later than Virginia, but it outlawed also the manufacture of synthetic filth on Jan 1 2020.]]

<section begin=California2020 />[[File:Marc Berman.jpg|thumb|120px|right|Homie [[w:Marc Berman|w:Marc Berman]], a righteous fighter for our human rights in this age of industrial disinformation filth and an Assemblymember of the [[w:California State Assembly]], most loved for authoring [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 '''AB-602''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''], which came into effect on Jan 1 2020, banning both the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted.]] January 1 2020 <ref name="KFI2019">

{{cite web
|url= https://kfiam640.iheart.com/content/2019-12-30-here-are-the-new-california-laws-going-into-effect-in-2020/
|title= Here Are the New California Laws Going Into Effect in 2020
|last= Johnson
|first= R.J.
|date= 2019-12-30
|website= [[KFI]]
|publisher= [[iHeartMedia]]
|access-date= 2021-01-23
|quote=}}

</ref> the [[w:California]] [[w:State law (United States)|w:US state law]] '''[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 "AB-602 ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''."]''' came into effect in the [[w:California Civil Code|civil code]] of the [[w:California Codes]] banning the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted. AB-602 provides victims of synthetic pornography with [[w:injunction|w:injunctive relief]] and poses legal threats of [[w:statutory damages|w:statutory]] and [[w:punitive damages]] on [[w:criminal]]s making or distributing synthetic pornography without consent. The bill AB-602 was signed into law by California [[w:Governor (United States)|w:Governor]] [[w:Gavin Newsom]] on October 3 2019 and was authored by [[w:California State Assembly]]member [[w:Marc Berman]] and an identical Senate bill was coauthored by [[w:California State Senate|w:California Senator]] [[w:Connie Leyva]].<ref name="OpenStates AB 602">

{{cite web
|url=https://openstates.org/ca/bills/20192020/AB602/
|title=AB 602 - California Assembly Bill 2019-2020 Regular Session - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action.
|last=
|first=
|date=
|website=openstates.org
|publisher=openstates.org
|access-date=2021-03-24
|quote=}}

</ref><ref name="CNET2019">

{{cite web
| last = Mihalcik
| first = Carrie
| title = California laws seek to crack down on deepfakes in politics and porn
| website = [[w:cnet.com]]
| publisher = [[w:CNET]]
| date = 2019-10-04
| url = https://www.cnet.com/news/california-laws-seek-to-crack-down-on-deepfakes-in-politics-and-porn/
| access-date = 2021-01-23
}}

</ref> [https://trackbill.com/bill/california-assembly-bill-602-depiction-of-individual-using-digital-or-electronic-technology-sexually-explicit-material-cause-of-action/1690501/ AB602 at trackbill.com]
<section end=California2020 />

[[File:Connie Leyva 2015.jpg|thumb|right|240px|[[w:California]] [[w:California State Senate|w:Senator]] [[w:Connie Leyva]] sponsored [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB564&showamends=false '''California Senate Bill SB 564''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''] in Feb '''2019''' and the Senate Bill was [https://www.sagaftra.org/action-alert-support-california-bill-end-deepfake-porn endorsed by SAG-AFTRA], but the Assembly Bill AB-602 authored by [[w:California State Assembly]]member [[w:Marc Berman]] was the one that became law on 1 January 2020 in the [[w:California Civil Code|w:California Civil Code]] of the [[w:California Codes]].]]

'''Introduction''' by [https://a24.asmdc.org/ Assemblymember Marc Berman]:

'''AB 602''', Berman. '''''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action'''''.

Existing law creates a private [[w:Cause of action|w:right of action]] against a person who intentionally distributes a photograph or recorded image of another that exposes the intimate body parts of that person or of a person engaged in a sexual act '''without the person’s consent''' if specified conditions are met.

This bill would provide that a '''depicted individual''', as defined, has a '''[[w:cause of action]] against''' a person who '''either'''
* (1) '''creates''' and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material if the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted''' individual '''did not [[w:consent]]''' to its creation or disclosure or
* (2) who '''intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create if the person knows the '''depicted''' individual '''did not consent''' to its creation.

The bill would specify exceptions to those provisions, including if the material is a matter of legitimate public concern or a work of political or newsworthy value.

The bill would authorize a prevailing [[w:plaintiff]] who suffers harm to seek [[w:Injunction|w:injunctive]] relief and recover reasonable [[w:attorney’s fee]]s and costs as well as specified monetary [[w:damages]], including [[w:Statutory damages|statutory]] and [[w:punitive damages]].

'''The law is as follows''':
<blockquote>
SECTION 1. Section 1708.86 is added to the [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codesTOCSelected.xhtml?tocCode=CIV&tocTitle=+Civil+Code+-+CIV Civil Code of California], to read:

'''1708.86.''' ('''a''') '''For purposes of this section''':
* (1) “''Altered depiction''” means a performance that was actually performed by the depicted individual but was subsequently altered to be in violation of this section.
* (2) “''Authorized Representative''” means an attorney, talent agent, or personal manager authorized to represent a depicted individual if the depicted individual is represented.
* (3) (A) “''Consent''” means an agreement written in plain language signed knowingly and voluntarily by the depicted individual that includes a general description of the sexually explicit material and the audiovisual work in which it will be incorporated.
* (3) (B) A depicted individual may rescind consent by delivering written notice within three business days from the date consent was given to the person in whose favor consent was made, unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:
:**(i) The depicted individual is given at least 72 hours to review the terms of the agreement before signing it.
:**(ii) The depicted individual’s authorized representative provides written approval of the signed agreement.
* (4) “''Depicted individual''” means an individual who appears, as a result of digitization, to be giving a performance they did not actually perform or to be performing in an altered depiction.
* (5) “''Despicable conduct''” means conduct that is so vile, base, or contemptible that it would be looked down on and despised by a reasonable person.
* (6) “''Digitization''” means to realistically depict any of the following:
** (A) The nude body parts of another human being as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
** (B) Computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
** (C) The depicted individual engaging in sexual conduct in which the depicted individual did not engage.
* (7) “''Disclose''” means to publish, make available, or distribute to the public.
* (8) “''Individual''” means a natural person.
* (9) “''Malice''” means that the defendant acted with intent to cause harm to the plaintiff or despicable conduct that was done with a willful and knowing disregard of the rights of the plaintiff. A person acts with knowing disregard within the meaning of this paragraph when they are aware of the probable harmful consequences of their conduct and deliberately fail to avoid those consequences.
* (10) “''Nude''” means visible genitals, pubic area, anus, or a female’s postpubescent nipple or areola.
* (11) “''Person''” means a human being or legal entity.
* (12) “''Plaintiff''” includes cross-plaintiff.
* (13) “''Sexual conduct''” means any of the following:
** (A) Masturbation.
** (B) Sexual intercourse, including genital, oral, or anal, whether between persons regardless of sex or gender or between humans and animals.
** (C) Sexual penetration of the vagina or rectum by, or with, an object.
** (D) The transfer of semen by means of sexual conduct from the penis directly onto the depicted individual as a result of ejaculation.
** (E) Sadomasochistic abuse involving the depicted individual.
(14) “''Sexually explicit material''” means any portion of an audiovisual work that shows the depicted individual performing in the nude or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct.

('''b''') '''A depicted individual has a cause of action against''' a person who does '''either of the following''':
* (1) '''Creates and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material''' and the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted individual''' in that material '''did not consent''' to its creation or disclosure.
* (2) '''Intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create and the person knows the depicted individual in that material '''did not consent''' to the creation of the sexually explicit material.

('''c''') (1) A person is '''not liable''' under this section in either of the following circumstances:
* (A) The person discloses the sexually explicit material in the course of any of the following:
:** (i) Reporting unlawful activity.
:** (ii) Exercising the person’s law enforcement duties.
:**(iii) Hearings, trials, or other legal proceedings.
* (B) The material is any of the following:
:** (i) A matter of legitimate public concern.
:** (ii) A work of political or newsworthy value or similar work.
:** (iii) Commentary, criticism, or disclosure that is otherwise protected by the California Constitution or the United States Constitution.
* (2) For purposes of this subdivision, sexually explicit material is not of newsworthy value solely because the depicted individual is a public figure.

('''d''') It shall not be a defense to an action under this section that there is a disclaimer included in the sexually explicit material that communicates that the inclusion of the depicted individual in the sexually explicit material was unauthorized or that the depicted individual did not participate in the creation or development of the material.

('''e''') (1) A prevailing plaintiff who suffers harm as a result of the violation of subdivision (b) may recover any of the following:
* (A) An amount equal to the monetary gain made by the defendant from the creation, development, or disclosure of the sexually explicit material.
* (B) One of the following:
:** (i) Economic and noneconomic damages proximately caused by the disclosure of the sexually explicit material, including damages for emotional distress.
:** (ii) Upon request of the plaintiff at any time before the final judgment is rendered, the plaintiff may instead recover an award of statutory damages for all unauthorized acts involved in the action, with respect to any one work, as follows:
:** (I) A sum of not less than one thousand five hundred dollars ($1,500) but not more than thirty thousand dollars ($30,000).
:** (II) If the unlawful act was committed with malice, the award of statutory damages may be increased to a maximum of one hundred fifty thousand dollars ($150,000).
* (C) Punitive damages.
* (D) Reasonable attorney’s fees and costs.
* (E) Any other available relief, including injunctive relief.
(2) The remedies provided by this section are cumulative and shall not be construed as restricting a remedy that is available under any other law.

('''f''') An action under this section shall be commenced no later than three years from the date the unauthorized creation, development, or disclosure was discovered or should have been discovered with the exercise of reasonable diligence.

('''g''') The provisions of this section are severable. If any provision of this section or its application is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions.
</blockquote>
<ref name="CaliforniaStateLaw AB 602">
{{Citation
| title = "AB-602 Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action."
| first = Marc
| last = Berman
| author-link = w:Marc Berman
| first2 = Connie
| last2 = Leyva
| author2-link = w:Connie Leyva
| series =
| year = 2019
| publisher = [[w:California]]
| url = https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602
}}

</ref>

----

* [[w:California State Legislature]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in Georgia in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of Georgia (U.S. state) II.png|thumb|right|200px|Georgia's motto is ''"Wisdom, Justice, Moderation"'' and one could say it is well manifested in how their law against synthetic filth [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html '''GA CODE § 16-11-90'''] is thought out and written.]]
=== Georgia Code § 16-11-90 ===

'''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/ Georgia Code]''' / '''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ Title 16. Crimes and Offenses]''' [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html Chapter 11 "Offenses Against Public Order and Safety", Article 3 "Invasions of Privacy", Part 3 "Invasion of privacy" '''GA CODE § 16-11-90''']
<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list">https://cybercivilrights.org/deep-fake-laws/</ref>

'''The law is''' as of April 14, 2021<ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com" /> as follows:
<blockquote>
('''a''') As used in this Code section, the term:

* ('''1''') “''Harassment''” means engaging in conduct directed at a depicted person that is intended to cause substantial emotional harm to the depicted person.

* ('''2''') “''Nudity''” means:

::* (A) The showing of the human male or female genitals, pubic area, or buttocks without any covering or with less than a full opaque covering;

::* (B) The showing of the female breasts without any covering or with less than a full opaque covering; or

::* (C) The depiction of covered male genitals in a discernibly turgid state.

* ('''3''') “''Sexually explicit conduct” shall have the same meaning as set forth in Code Section 16-12-100 .

('''b''') '''A person violates this Code section if he or she, knowing the content of a transmission or post, knowingly and without the consent of the depicted person''':

* ('''1''') '''Electronically transmits or posts''', in one or more transmissions or posts, a photograph or video which depicts nudity or sexually explicit conduct of an adult, '''including a falsely created videographic or still image''', when the transmission or post is harassment or causes financial loss to the depicted person and serves no legitimate purpose to the depicted person; or

* ('''2''') '''Causes the electronic transmission or posting''', in one or more transmissions or posts, of a photograph or video which depicts nudity or sexually explicit conduct of an adult, '''including a falsely created videographic or still image''', when the transmission or post is harassment or causes financial loss to the depicted person and serves no legitimate purpose to the depicted person.

:Nothing in this Code section shall be construed to impose liability on an interactive computer service, as such term is defined in 47 U.S.C. 230(f)(2) , or an information service or telecommunications service, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. 153 , for content provided by another person.

('''c''') Any person who violates this Code section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of a high and aggravated nature; provided, however, that upon a second or subsequent violation of this Code section, he or she shall be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by imprisonment of not less than one nor more than five years, a fine of not more than $100,000.00, or both.

('''d''') A person shall be '''subject to prosecution in this state''' pursuant to Code Section 17-2-1 for any conduct made unlawful by this Code section which the person engages in while:

* ('''1''') '''Either within''' or '''outside of this state''' if, by such conduct, the person commits a violation of this Code section which involves an '''individual who resides in this state'''; or

* ('''2''') '''Within this state''' if, by such conduct, the person commits a violation of this Code section which involves an '''individual who resides within or outside this state'''.

('''e''') The provisions of subsection (b) of this Code section shall not apply to:

* ('''1''') The activities of law enforcement and prosecution agencies in the investigation and prosecution of criminal offenses;

* ('''2''') Legitimate medical, scientific, or educational activities;

* ('''3''') Any person who transmits or posts a photograph or video depicting only himself or herself engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct;

* ('''4''') The transmission or posting of a photograph or video that was originally made for commercial purposes;

* ('''5''') Any person who transmits or posts a photograph or video depicting a person voluntarily engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct in a public setting; or

* ('''6''') A transmission that is made pursuant to or in anticipation of a civil action.

('''f''') There shall be a rebuttable presumption that an information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server, including specifically a service or system that provides access to the Internet, for content provided by another person, does not know the content of an electronic transmission or post.

('''g''') Any violation of this Code section shall constitute a separate offense and shall not merge with any other crimes set forth in this title.</blockquote><ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com">

{{cite web
|url=https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html
|title=Georgia Code Title 16. Crimes and Offenses § 16-11-90
|last=
|first=
|date=2021-04-14
|website=[[w:FindLaw]]
|publisher=[[w:Georgia (U.S. state)]]
|access-date=2022-01-04
|quote=}}

</ref>

== Law against synthesis crimes in New York State in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of New York.svg|thumb|right|200px|New York State]]
=== New York State - CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy SECTION 52-C - Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual ===
[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/-CH6 '''CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights'''] [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/A5 '''ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual '''SECTION 52-C''' - '''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual''']<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list" />

'''The law is as follows:'''
<blockquote>
<big>'''§ 52-c''' - '''''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual.''''' </big><sup>Obs: There are 2 § 52-c's</sup>

'''1. For the purposes of this section:'''

* '''a.''' "'''''depicted individual'''''" means an individual who '''appears''', as a result of digitization, '''to be giving a performance they did not actually perform''' or '''to be performing in a performance that was actually performed by the depicted individual but was subsequently altered to be in violation of this section'''.

* '''b.''' "'''''digitization'''''" means to '''realistically depict the nude body parts of another human being as the nude body parts of the depicted individual''', '''computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the depicted individual''' or the '''depicted individual engaging in sexual conduct''', as defined in subdivision ten of section 130.00 of the penal law, '''in which the depicted individual did not engage'''.

* '''c.''' "''individual''" means a natural person.

* '''d.''' "''person''" means a human being or legal entity.

* '''e.''' "''sexually explicit material''" means any portion of an audio visual work that shows the depicted individual performing in the nude, meaning with an unclothed or exposed intimate part, as defined in section 245.15 of the penal law, or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct, as defined in subdivision ten of section 130.00 of the penal law.

'''2. a.''' A depicted individual shall have a '''cause of action''' against a person who, '''discloses''', '''disseminates''' or '''publishes''' sexually explicit material related to the depicted individual, and the person knows or reasonably should have known the depicted individual in that material '''did not consent''' to its '''creation''', disclosure, dissemination, or publication.

* '''b.''' It shall '''not be a defense''' to an action under this section that '''there is a disclaimer''' in the sexually explicit material that communicates that the inclusion of the depicted individual in the sexually explicit material was unauthorized or that the depicted individual did not participate in the creation or development of the material.

'''3. a.''' A depicted individual may only consent to the creation, disclosure, dissemination, or publication of sexually explicit material by knowingly and voluntarily signing an agreement written in plain language that includes a general description of the sexually explicit material and the audiovisual work in which it will be incorporated.

* '''b.''' A depicted individual may rescind consent by delivering written notice within three business days from the date consent was given to the person in whose favor consent was made, unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:

:* i. the depicted individual is given at least three business days to review the terms of the agreement before signing it; or

:* ii. if the depicted individual is represented, the attorney, talent agent, or personal manager authorized to represent the depicted individual provides additional written approval of the signed agreement.

'''4. a.''' A person is not liable under this section if:

:* i. the person discloses, disseminates or publishes the sexually explicit material in the course of reporting unlawful activity, exercising the person's law enforcement duties, or hearings, trials or other legal proceedings; or

:* ii. the sexually explicit material is a matter of legitimate public concern, a work of political or newsworthy value or similar work, or commentary, criticism or disclosure that is otherwise protected by the constitution of this state or the United States; provided that sexually explicit material shall not be considered of newsworthy value solely because the depicted individual is a public figure.

'''5.''' In any action commenced pursuant to this section, the finder of fact, in its discretion, '''may award injunctive relief''', '''punitive damages''', '''compensatory damages''', and '''reasonable court costs''' and '''attorney's fees'''.

'''6.''' A cause of action or special proceeding under this section shall be commenced the later of either:

* '''a.''' three years after the dissemination or publication of sexually explicit material; or

* '''b.''' one year from the date a person discovers, or reasonably should have discovered, the dissemination or publication of such sexually explicit material.

'''7.''' Nothing in this section shall be read to require a prior criminal complaint, prosecution or conviction to establish the elements of the cause of action provided for in this section.

'''8.''' The provisions of this section including the remedies are in addition to, and shall not supersede, any other rights or remedies available in law or equity.

'''9.''' If any provision of this section or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of this section which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this section are severable.

'''10.''' Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit, or to enlarge, the protections that 47 U.S.C. § 230 confers on an interactive
computer service for content provided by another information content provider, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. § 230.</blockquote><ref name="New York State Civil Rights CHAPTER 6, ARTICLE 5, SECTION 52-C">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual
|title= SECTION 52-C Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual
|last=
|first=
|date=2021-11-12
|website=nysenate.gov
|publisher=[[w:New York State Legislature]]
|access-date=2021-01-04
|quote=}}

</ref>

== Law against synthesis crimes in Florida 2025 ==
[https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2025/1161/?Tab=BillHistory '''''CS/CS/HB 1161: Removal of Altered Sexual Depictions Posted without Consent''''' at flsenate.gov] is set to become law in 2025

'''Reporting'''
* [https://floridapolitics.com/archives/733939-brookes-law-giving-deepfake-victims-recourse-against-platforms-will-head-to-governors-desk/ '''''‘Brooke’s Law,’ giving deepfake victims recourse against platforms, heads to Governor’s desk''''' at floridapolitics.com], April 2025 reporting by A.G. Gancarski

== Current bills in the USA ==

== 119th Congress ==
=== Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2025 (DEFIANCE Act of 2025) (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1837 '''''Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2025 (DEFIANCE Act of 2025)''''' at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of the US Senate bill S. 3696 - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images and Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024 (DEFIANCE Act of 2024) (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3696/text '''''S.3696 - DEFIANCE Act of 2024''''' at congress.gov], a bipartisan Senate bill against synthetic filth.

* [https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record/volume-170/issue-17/senate-section/article/S289-2 '''''Introductory Statement on S. 3696; Congressional Record Vol. 170, No. 17''''' at congress.gov] 2024-01-30
* [https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/press/releases/durbin-graham-klobuchar-hawley-introduce-defiance-act-to-hold-accountable-those-responsible-for-the-proliferation-of-nonconsensual-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-and-videos '''''Durbin, Graham, Klobuchar, Hawley Introduce DEFIANCE Act to Hold Accountable Those Responsible for the Proliferation of Nonconsensual, Sexually-Explicit “Deepfake” Images and Videos''''' at judiciary.senate.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>
* [https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118s3696is '''''S. 3696 (IS) - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024''''' at govinfo.gov]
* [https://www.durbin.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/defiance_act_of_2024.pdf '''DEFIANCE Act of 2024''' at durbin.senate.gov] explains that it would create ''a federal civil remedy for victims who are identifiable in a “digital forgery"''.

'''Reporting and commentary on DEFIANCE Act of 2024 bill'''
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/jan/30/taylor-swift-ai-deepfake-nonconsensual-sexual-images-bill '''''Taylor Swift AI images prompt US bill to tackle nonconsensual, sexual deepfakes''''' at theguardian.com]
* [https://www.theverge.com/2024/1/30/24056385/congress-defiance-act-proposed-ban-nonconsensual-ai-porn '''''Lawmakers propose anti-nonconsensual AI porn bill after Taylor Swift controversy''''' at theverge.com]

=== Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===

[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1027/text '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act)''''' at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of US House bill H.R.7123 - Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7123/text?s=1&r=3 '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-of-artificial-intelligence/the-terrifying-ai-scam-that-uses-your-loved-ones-voice</ref>

=== H.R.1941 - Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
This is a reintroduction of the older US House bill H.R. 3106 - Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3106/text '''''Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act''''' at congress.gov] was introduced in the House on 2023-05-05. It was [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/9631 a reintroduction of H.R. 9631 from the 117th Congress].

== State bills ==
=== NY Senate bill S6278 in the 2025-2026 regular session ===
This bill was reintroduced as [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S6278 S6278] to the 2025-2026 session.

[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S5583 '''NY Senate bill S5583 in the 2023-2024 regular session''' at nysenate.gov] would establish ''the crime of aggravated harassment by means of electronic or digital communication and provides for a private right of action for the unlawful dissemination or publication of deep fakes''.

== Past bills in the USA ==

=== US House bill H.R.6943 - No AI FRAUD Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6943/text '''No Artificial Intelligence Fake Replicas And Unauthorized Duplications Act of 2024''' or the ('''No AI FRAUD Act''') at congress.gov] was introduced to the 118th Congress 2nd session on 2024-01-24.<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>

=== US House bill H.R.5586 - Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023 (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5586/text “Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023” or the “DEEPFAKES Accountability Act” at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of earlier House bill H.R.3230 to the 118th Congress (2023-2024 session)

=== US Senate bill S1641 - Preventing Rampant Online Technological Exploitation and Criminal Trafficking Act of 2022 - (117th Congress) ===
The bill known as [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/4991/text?r=4&s=1 Senate bill '''S.4991''' - ''''''PROTECT Act'''''' at congress.gov] was read by Senator [[w:Mike Lee]] on Wednesday 2022-09-28 twice.

=== New York Senate bill - Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material - in regular session 2021-2022 ===
[[File:Flag of New York (1909–2020).png|thumb|right|200px|[[w:New York State Legislature]] regular session 2021-2022 is contemplating the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York senate bill '''S1641'''] and identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 assembly bill '''A6517'''] to ban sending unsolicited pornography.]]

Bill '''''Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material'''''' is essentially a bill that aims to ban sending unsolicited nudes.

In the 2021-2022 [[w:New York State Senate]] regular sessions, on 2021-01-14 Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored and Senators [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) and [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] of the New York State Senate co-sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law]. On 2021-03-19 an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] was introduced to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] by Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]).<ref group="1st seen in">

First seen in the [https://trackbill.com/search/#/related=%7B%22id%22:%221690501%22,%22state%22:%22CA%22,%22session%22:%222019%22,%22billId%22:%22AB602%22%7D&direction=desc&page=1&resultsPerPage=25&sort=relevancy&tracked&upcoming_hearings&type=bills&state=all&session suggestions for similar bills for Bills similar to CA AB602 by trackbill.com].

</ref>

If this bill passes it will be codified in the [[w:Consolidated Laws of New York]]. View the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York''' at nysenate.gov].

* '''Title of bill''': ''An act to amend the penal law, in relation to the creation of the criminal offense of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''

* '''Purpose''': ''The purpose of this bill is to make it unlawful to send sexually explicit material through electronic means unless the material is sent at the request of, or with the express consent of the recipient.''

* '''Summary of provisions''': Adds a '''new section 250.70''' to the penal law making it ''unlawful to knowingly transmit by electronic means visual material that depicts any person engaging in sexual conduct or with a person's intimate parts exposed unless the material is sent at the request of, or with the express consent of the recipient.

* '''Justification''': ''Currently under New York State law, indecent exposure in person is a crime, but it is not unlawful to send sexually explicit photos to nonconsenting adult recipients through electronic transmission. With the growing modem age of online dating, many individuals are receiving sexually explicit visual content without their consent from strangers. No person should be forced to view sexually explicit material without their consent.''

''The bill offers a clear deterrent to those considering sending unsolicited sexual pics and similar inappropriate conduct, and protects the
unwilling recipients who currently have no legal recourse for such abuses.

''What is illegal in the real world must be illegal in the digital world, and this legislation is a first step in the right direction in adding that accountability.''

* '''Legislative history''':
*# Senate - 2020 - S5949 Referred to Codes
*# Assembly - 2020 - A7801 Referred to Codes

* '''Fiscal implications''': ''Minimal''

* '''Effective date''': ''This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law.''

The text of the bill is, as of 2021-03-24, as follows:

:"Section 1. The penal law is amended by adding a new section 250.70 to read as follows:

:'''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL'''''.

:A person is guilty of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material if a person knowingly transmits by electronic means visual material that depicts any person engaging in sexual conduct or with a person's intimate parts exposed or depicts the covered genitals of a male person that are in a discernibly turgid state and such visual material is not sent at the request of or with the express consent of the recipient. For purposes of this section the term "intimate parts" means the naked genitals, pubic area, anus, or female postpubescent nipple of the person and the term "sexual conduct" shall have the same meaning as defined in [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/130.00 section 130.00 (Sex offenses; definitions of terms)] of this chapter. Unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material is a class a misdemeanor.

:'''§ 2'''. This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law."

----
<gallery>
File:Nopic.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law].
File:LIRR Elmont, Brian Benjamin (cropped).jpg|thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Todd_Kaminsky_Head_Shot.jpg||thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Aileen_Gunther.jpg|thumb|260px|NY Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]) presented an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] on 2021-03-19.
* [[w:New York State Legislature]]
</gallery>

=== US Senate bill - Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - 2019-2020 US Senate session (116th Congress) ===
The Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act (SISE) was a bill introduced to the 2019-2020 session of the US Senate.
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/5054?r=1&s=1 US Senate Bill ''''''S.5054''' - '''Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''''' at congress.gov]

=== US House bill - H.R.3230 - DEEP FAKES Accountability Act (116th Congress) ===

* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230/text '''H.R.3230''' - '''''DEEP FAKES Accountability Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> also known as ''Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2019'' and it aimed to include requirements for producers of synthetic human-like fakes '' to generally comply with certain [[w:Digital watermarking|w:digital watermark]] and disclosure requirements''.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230</ref>

=== US Senate bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress) ===
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/3805/text '''S.3805''' - '''''Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry">
Chatting with ChatGPT 2023

* First I asked ChatGPT to "''list some legislative approaches against so-called "deep fakes" or "deepfakes"''" and it mentioned the Singaporean [[#Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]] and the [[#Bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress)]]

</ref> aimed at criminalizing synthesizing human-likeness media for intent of breaking federal, state, local or tribal law

----

----

= Law proposals =
== Law proposals against synthetic filth by [[User:Juho Kunsola|Juho Kunsola]] ==

* '''Audience''': Developed with suitability for national, supranational and UN treaty levels.
* '''Writing context''':
** Written from context of inclusion to '''criminal codes'''.
** I'm a Finn so this has been worded to fit in the [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1889/18890039001#L24 Chapter 24 of the Criminal Code of Finland (in Finnish at finlex.fi)] titled "''Offences against privacy, public peace and personal reputation''"
** [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039 Access the English translations of the Finnish Criminal Code at finlex.fi] or [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039_20150766.pdf go straight to the latest .pdf from 2016]. Chapter 24 starts on page 107.
* '''History''': This version is an evolution of a Finnish language original written in 2016.

[[File:Suomen lippu valokuva.png|right|thumb|260px|[[w:Finland]] has very logical and very [https://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/ accessible laws], but also here we need updating of the laws for this age of industrial disinformation.]]

Existing law in <big>Chapter 24. of the Finnish Criminal Code - "''Offences against privacy, public peace and personal reputation''"</big> seems to be ineffective against many [[synthetic human-like fakes|synthetic human-like fake attack]] and seems it could be used to frame victims for crimes with [[synthetic human-like fakes#Digital sound-alikes|digital sound-alikes]].

The portions affected by or affecting the synthetic filth situation in bold font:

* Section 1 - Invasion of domestic premises (879/2013)
* Section 1(a) - '''Harassing communications''' (879/2013)
* Section 2 - Aggravated invasion of domestic premises (531/2000)
* Section 3 - Invasion of public premises (585/2005)
* Section 4 - Aggravated invasion of public premises (531/2000)
* Section 5 - '''Eavesdropping''' (531/2000)
* Section 6 - '''Illicit observation''' (531/2000)
* Section 7 - '''Preparation of eavesdropping or illicit observation''' (531/2000)
* Section 8 - '''Dissemination of information violating personal privacy''' (879/2013)
* Section 8(a) - '''Aggravated dissemination of information violating personal privacy''' (879/2013)
* Section 9 - '''Defamation''' (879/2013)
* Section 10 - '''Aggravated defamation''' (879/2013)
* Section 11 - Definition (531/2000)
* Section 12 - '''Right to bring charges''' (879/2013)
* Section 13 - '''Corporate criminal liability''' (511/2011)

[[File:The-diffuse-reflection-deducted-from-the-specular-reflection-Debevec-2000.png|thumb|right|260px|Subtraction of the diffuse reflection from the specular reflection. Image is scaled for luminocity. Diffuse reflection is acquired by placing polarizers in 90 degree angle and specular with 0 degree angle.
<br /><br />
[[:File:Deb-2000-reflectance-separation.png|Original picture]] by [[w:Paul Debevec|Debevec]] et al. - Copyright ACM 2000 https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=311779.344855]]

=== Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth ===

==== §1 Models of human appearance ====

A '''model of human appearance''' means
::* A realistic '''3D model'''
::* A '''[[Glossary#Bidirectional reflectance distribution function|7D bidirectional reflectance distribution function]] model'''
::* A '''direct-to-2D''' capable [[w:machine learning]] model
::* Or a model made with any technology whatsoever, that looks deceivingly like the target person.

==== §2 Producing synthetic pornography ====
Making '''projections''', still or videographic, where targets are portrayed in a '''nude''' or in a '''sexual situation''' from models of human appearance defined in §1 '''without express consent''' of the targets is '''illegal'''.

==== §3 Distributing synthetic pornography ====
'''Distributing''', '''making available''', '''public display''', '''purchase''', '''sale''', '''yielding''', '''import''' and '''export''' of non-authorized '''synthetic pornography''' defined in §2 are '''punishable'''.<ref group="footnote">People who are found in possession of this synthetic pornography should probably not be penalized, but rather advised to get some help.</ref>

==== §4 Aggravated producing and distributing synthetic pornography ====
If the media described in §2 or §3 is made or distributed with the '''intent''' to '''frame for a crime''' or for '''blackmail''', the crime should be judged as '''aggravated'''.

==== Afterwords ====
The original idea I had was to ban both the raw materials i.e. the models to make the visual synthetic filth and also the end product weaponized synthetic pornography, but then in July 2019 it appeared to me that [[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]] could really help in this age of industrial disinformation if it were built, trained and operational. Banning modeling of human appearance was in conflict with the revised plan.

It is safe to assume that collecting permissions to model each pornographic recording is not plausible, so an interesting question is that can we ban covert modeling from non-pornographic pictures, while still retaining the ability to model all porn found on the Internet.

In case we want to pursue banning modeling people's appearance from non-pornographic images/videos without explicit permission be pursued it must be <font color="green">formulated</font> so that this <font color="red">'''does not make'''</font> <big>'''[[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]]'''</big> <font color="red">illegal</font> / <font color="red">impossible</font>. This would seem to lead to a weird situation where modeling a human from non-pornographic media would be illegal, but modeling from pornography legal.

=== Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice ===
{{#ev:youtube|0sR1rU3gLzQ|360px|right|[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sR1rU3gLzQ Video 'This AI Clones Your Voice After Listening for 5 Seconds' by '2 minute papers' at YouTube] describes the voice thieving machine by Google Research in [[w:NeurIPS|w:NeurIPS]] 2018.}}

'''Motivation''': The current situation where the criminals can freely trade and grow their libraries of stolen voices is unwise.

==== §1 Unauthorized modeling of a human voice ====
'''Acquiring''' such a '''model of a human's voice''', that '''deceptively resembles''' some '''dead''' or '''living''' person's voice and the '''possession''', '''purchase''', '''sale''', '''yielding''', '''import''' and '''export''' '''without''' the '''express consent''' of the target are '''punishable'''.

==== §2 Application of unauthorized voice models ====
'''Producing''' and '''making available''' media from covert voice models defined in §1 is '''punishable'''.

==== §3 Aggravated application of unauthorized voice models ====
If the produced media is for a '''purpose''' to
::* '''frame''' a '''human''' target or targets for '''crimes'''
::* to attempt '''extortion''' or
::* to '''defame the target''',
the crime should be judged as '''aggravated'''.

----

= Resources and reporting on law =

== AI and law in general ==

[[File:LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg|thumb|right|340px|[[w:Library of Congress]] ([https://loc.gov/ loc.gov]) reading room]]

''' Reviews and regulation '''
From the '''[[w:Library of Congress]]''':

* [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/index.php ''''''Regulation of Artificial Intelligence'''''' at loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/compsum.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Comparative Summary' at loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/international.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: International and Regional Approaches' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/americas.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: The Americas and the Caribbean' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/asia-pacific.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: East/South Asia and the Pacific' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/europe-asia.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Europe and Central Asia' loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/middleeast-northafrica.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Middle East and North Africa' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/africa.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Sub-Saharan Africa' (loc.gov)]

'''[[w:Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher|w:Gibson Dunn & Crutcher]]''' (gibsondunn.com) publishes a quarterly legal update on 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems'. Gibson Dunn & Crutcher is a global [[w:law firm|w:law firm]], founded in Los Angeles in 1890.
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-4q18/ ''''''Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update'''''' Quarter 4 2018 at Gibson & Dunn]
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-1q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 1 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-2q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 2 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-3q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 3 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-automated-systems-legal-update-4q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 4 2019']

''' From Europe'''
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|180px|The [[w:European Union]]'s [[w:European Parliament|Parliament]]'s [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] on [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives].]]
* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf ''''''The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives'''''' (.pdf) at europarl.europa.eu], a March 2020 study by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] Starting from page 37 the .pdf lists organizations in the field.

== Synthetic filth in the law and media ==
* [https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4409&context=vlr ''''''"The New Weapon of Choice": Law's Current Inability to Properly Address Deepfake Pornography'''''' at scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu], October 2020 Notes by Anne Pechenik Gieseke published in the The [[w:Vanderbilt Law Review]], the flagship [[w:academic journal]] of [[w:Vanderbilt University Law School]].
* [https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/07/08/deepfakes-and-synthetic-media-in-financial-system-assessing-threat-scenarios-pub-82237 ''''''Deepfakes and Synthetic Media in the Financial System: Assessing Threat Scenarios'''''' at carnegieendowment.org], a 2020-07-08 assessment identifies some types of criminalities that can be made using [[synthetic human-like fakes]].
* [https://ssri.duke.edu/news/don%E2%80%99t-believe-your-eyes-or-ears-weaponization-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-and ''''''Don’t Believe Your Eyes (or Ears): The Weaponization of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deepfakes'''''' at ssri.duke.edu], an October 2019 news article by Joe Littell, published by the Social Science Research Institute at the [[w:Duke University]]
* [https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/dltr/vol17/iss1/4/ ''''''Deepfakes: False Pornography Is Here and the Law Cannot Protect You'''''' at scholarship.law.duke.edu], published in 2019 in the [[w:Duke Law Journal|Duke Law Journal]], a student-run law review.
* [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-20/deepfake-porn-political-ads-push-states-to-curb-rampant-ai-use '''''States Are Rushing to Regulate Deepfakes as AI Goes Mainstream''''' at bloomberg.com] (paywalled), June 2023 reporting on US legislation against synthetic human-like fakes. It lists CA, WA, WY, MN, TX, GA and VA as having anti-deepfake laws and lists LA, IL, MA and NJ as planning to legislate.

== The countries that have unfortunately banned full face veil ==

{{Q|There are currently 16 nations that have banned the burqa (not to be confused with the hijab), including [[w:Tunisia]],<ref name="reuters.com">

{{cite news
|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-tunisia-niqab-security-idUKKCN1U01CH
|title= Tunisian PM bans wearing of niqab in public institutions
|date=5 July 2019
|access-date=2021-03-13
|newspaper= Reuters
}}

</ref> [[w:Austria]], [[w:Denmark]], [[w:France]], [[w:Belgium]], [[w:Tajikistan]], [[w:Latvia]],<ref name="independent.co.uk">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/islamic-muslim-face-veil-niqab-burqa-banned-latvia-despite-being-worn-by-just-three-women-entire-a6993991.html
|title=A European government has banned Islamic face veils despite them being worn by just three women
|date=21 April 2016
|access-date=2021-03-13
}}

</ref> [[w:Bulgaria]],<ref>

[https://www.smh.com.au/world/bulgaria-the-latest-european-country-to-ban-the-burqa-and-niqab-in-public-places-20160930-grss9q.html Bulgaria the latest European country to ban the burqa and [niqab in public places], Smh.com.au: accessed 5 December 2016.

</ref> [[w:Cameroon]], [[w:Chad]], [[w:Congo-Brazzaville]], [[w:Gabon]], [[w:Netherlands]],<ref>
{{cite news
|last1=Halasz
|first1=Stephanie
|last2=McKenzie
|first2=Sheena
|title=The Netherlands introduces burqa ban in some public spaces
|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/27/europe/netherlands-partial-burqa-ban-intl/index.html
|access-date=2021-03-13
|agency=CNN
|issue=27 June 2018
|publisher=CNN
|date=27 June 2018
}}

</ref> [[w:China]],<ref>
{{cite news
|last1=Phillips
|first1=Tom
|title=China bans burqa in capital of Muslim region of Xinjiang
|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/11342070/China-bans-burqa-in-capital-of-Muslim-region-of-Xinjiang.html
|access-date=2021-03-13
|agency=The Telegraph
|issue=13 January 2015
|newspaper=The Telegraph
|date=13 January 2015
}}

</ref> [[w:Morocco]], and [[w:Switzerland]].|Wikipedia|[[w:Hijab by country]] as of 2021-03-13}}

Taking into consideration these times of industrial disinformation, it is vicious and uncivilized to have laws banning wearing a the full face veil in public.

== Quotes on the current laws and their application ==
{{#lst:Quotes|FinalLineOfDefenseForTheTimeBeing}}

----

= Footnotes =
<references group="footnote" />

= 1st seen in =
<references group="1st seen in" />

= References =
<references />

[[Category:In English]]
[[Category:Law]]
[[Category:Antifake]]

Laws against synthesis and other related crimes

2025-08-22T11:17:51Z

Juho Kunsola: /* Denmark */ + '''''Denmark proposes copyright laws to protect against deepfakes''''' at lsj.com.au] reporting and analysis by Cat Woods 2025-07-16

[[File:No-synthetic-F.png|thumb|right|260px|link=Main Page|This article is an attempt to track legislation against '''[[synthetic human-like fakes]]''' world-wide.]]
[[File:Screenshot at 27s of a moving digital-look-alike made to appear Obama-like by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed 2018.png|thumb|right|480px|link=Mediatheque/2018/Obama's appearance thieved - a public service announcement digital look-alike by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Obama-like-fake-2018}}]]
[[File:Appearance of Richard Nixon stolen by the Center for Advanced Virtuality of MIT for their awareness raising project In The Event of Moon Disaster 2020 screenshot at 376s.png|thumb|rightr|480px|link=Mediatheque/2020/Nixon's appearance and voice stolen - a public service announcement digital look-alike and sound-alike by MIT's Center for Advanced Virtuality|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Nixon-like-fake-2020}}]]
[[File:Justice scale silhouette, medium.svg|thumb|right|200px|Do you know of a law or jurisdiction that this list does not include? Add it! Or let us know through the chat in the lower-righthand side!]]

This article contains some current laws against abusive uses of synthetic human-like fakes and also information what kind of laws are being prepared and two SSFWIKI original law proposals, [[#Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth|one against digital look-alikes]] and [[#Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice|one against digital sound-alikes]].

'''Information elsewhere / legal information compilations''' (recommended)
<section begin=anti-fake-law-compilations/>
* <section begin=ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker/>[https://legislation.ballotpedia.org/ai-deepfakes/home '''''AI deepfake legislation tracker''''' at legislation.ballotpedia.org] by Ballotpedia.org for tracking US legislation.<section end=ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker/>
* {{#lst:Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|cybercivilrights.org law compilations}}
* <section begin=responsible.ai 2023/>[https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches '''''A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches''''' at responsible.ai]<ref name="responsible.ai 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches
| title = A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches
| last = Lawson
| first = Amanda
| date = 2023-04-24
| website = responsible.ai
| publisher = Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> April 2023 compilation and reporting by Amanda Lawson of the Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute.<section end=responsible.ai 2023/>
* <section begin=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>[https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/ '''''The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology''''' at legaljournal.princeton.edu]<ref name="Princeton Legal Journal 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/
| title = The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology
| last = Quirk
| first = Caroline
| date = 2023-06-19
| website = legaljournal.princeton.edu
| publisher = Princeton Legal Journal
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}

</ref> compilation and reporting by Caroline Quirk. PLJ is Princeton’s only student-run law review.<section end=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>
* <section begin=tech policy press 2023/>[https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/ '''''Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography''''' at techpolicy.press]<ref name="tech policy press 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/
| title = Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography
| last = Williams
| first = Kaylee
| date = 2023-05-15
| website = techpolicy.press
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> May 2023 compilation and reporting by Kaylee Williams<section end=tech policy press 2023/>

* <section begin=Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA/>[https://foundationra.com/deepfake-ai-laws/ '''''Deepfake AI laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com], [https://foundationra.com/sextortion-laws/ '''''Sextortion laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com] and [https://foundationra.com/revenge-porn-laws-us/ '''''Revenge porn laws for USA''''' at foundationra.com] compilations by [https://foundationra.com/ Foundation RA]<section end=Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA/>
* <section begin=Onfido 2024/>[https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/ '''''Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?''''' at onfido.com]<ref name="Onfido 2024">
{{cite web
| url = https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/
| title = Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?
| last = Owen
| first = Aled
| date = 2024-02-02
| website = onfido.com
| publisher = Onfido
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> February 2024 summary and compilation by Aled Owen, Director of Global Policy at Onfido (for-profit)<section end=Onfido 2024/>

* <section begin=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>[https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html '''''Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?''''' at criminaldefenselawyer.com] <ref name="criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html
| title = Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?
| last = Pirius
| first = Rebecca
| date = 2024-02-07
| website = Criminaldefenselawyer.com
| publisher = [[w:Nolo (publisher)]]
| access-date = 2024-02-22
| quote =
}}

</ref> by Rebecca Pirius is a good bring-together of the current illegality/legality situation in the USA federally and state-wise. Published by [[w:Nolo (publisher)]], updated Feb 2024<section end=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>

* <section begin=tclf 2023/>[https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/ '''''Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace''''' at tclf.in]<ref name="tclf 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/
| title = Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace
| last = Rastogi
| first = Janvhi
| date = 2023-10-16
| website = tclf.in
| publisher = The Contemporary Law Forum
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> October 2023 compilation and reporting by Janvhi Rastogi, published in the The Contemporary Law Forum.<section end=tclf 2023/>

* <section begin=endcyberabuse.org/>[https://endcyberabuse.org/country-factsheets/ '''''The Law on Image-Based Sexual Abuse Worldwide''''' at endcyberabuse.org] contains information for Bangladesh, Canada, England and Wales, France, Germany, India, Japan, Pakistan, Philippines and the USA.<section end=endcyberabuse.org/>
<section end=anti-fake-law-compilations/>

'''New laws'''
* [[#UK|UK]]'s [[#Online Safety Act 2023|Online Safety Act 2023]] has been passed to law and reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.
* The [[#EU|European Union]] has finalized a law package to regulate AI called the [[#Artificial Intelligence Act|Artificial Intelligence Act]]

'''New bills are currently in the works in'''
* Current [[#Bills in the EU|bills in the EU]] of high importance are the almost finalized [[#Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence|Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence]] and the [[#Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse|Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]
* [[#Current bills in the USA|US Senate is considering an anti-fake bill and the House is considering several bills]]
* [[#Canada|Canada]] is considering C-27
* [[#China|China]] seems to be planning to ban all synthetic pornography, however consensual its making was

'''Bills that didn't make it'''
* [[#Canada|Canada's House of Commons]] was considering banning all pornographic content, for which there is no proof-of-age and written consent from everybody visible in the pornographic recording.
* [[#Past bills in the USA|Past bills in the USA]]

= International =
The '''[[w:Convention on Cybercrime]]''', also known as the '''Budapest Convention on Cybercrime''' or the '''Budapest Convention''', is the first international [[w:treaty]] seeking to address [[w:Internet]] and [[w:computer crime]] (cybercrime) harmonizing [[w:municipal law|national laws]], improving investigative techniques, and increasing cooperation among nations.<ref>[https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=185 Convention on Cybercrime, Budapest, 23 November 2001.]</ref> (Wikipedia) The. convention was signed on 2001-11-23

'''[[w:Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime]]''', concerning the criminalisation of acts of a racist and xenophobic nature committed through computer systems is an additional protocol to the [[w:Council of Europe]] Convention on Cybercrime.

= Australia =

[[File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|thumb|right|200px|Australia]]

== Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Act 2024 ==
'''The Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024'''<ref group="1st seen in">ChatGPT Deep research on augmenting this list of laws</ref> criminalized the creation, distribution, and even possession of explicit synthetic human-like fakes without consent.<ref name="GLI2024">https://www.globallegalinsights.com/news/australia-introduces-legislation-to-combat-deepfake-sexual-material/</ref>

Those who create a sexual deepfake of someone without consent face up to 10 years in prison. Those who share or distribute such material (even if they didn’t create it) can get up to 7 years, and merely possessing deepfake porn can lead to 5 years behind bars. Penalties escalate for aggravated cases – if the deepfake is used to harass or blackmail or if the victim is a minor, sentences can reach 15 years.<ref name="GLI2024"/>

'''Official'''
* [https://ministers.ag.gov.au/media-centre/new-criminal-laws-combat-sexually-explicit-deepfakes-21-08-2024 '''''New criminal laws to combat sexually explicit deepfakes''''' at ministers.ag.gov.au]
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/bd/bd2324a/24bd081 '''''Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024 digest''' at aph.gov.au] by Owen Griffiths.
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_LEGislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r7205 '''''Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Bill 2024''''' progression summary at aph.gov.au]

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.globallegalinsights.com/news/australia-introduces-legislation-to-combat-deepfake-sexual-material/ '''''Australia introduces legislation to combat deepfake sexual material''''' at globallegalinsights.com]

== Online Safety Act 2021 ==

The [https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2021A00076/latest/text '''Online Safety Act 2021''' at legislation.gov.au]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing paper">https://equalitynow.org/resource/briefing-paper-deepfake-image-based-sexual-abuse-tech-facilitated-sexual-exploitation-and-the-law/</ref> regulates the non-consensual sharing or threatening to share sexual images.

If the synthetic fake human-like images depict illegal and restricted online content, then the Online Content Scheme, as defined in the Online Safety Act 2021, may apply.<ref name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing">https://equalitynow.org/resource/briefing-paper-deepfake-image-based-sexual-abuse-tech-facilitated-sexual-exploitation-and-the-law/</ref>

[https://www.esafety.gov.au/ '''Office of the eSafety Commissioner''' at esafety.gov.au] is Australia's independent regulator for online safety.

'''Links'''
* [https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/whats-on/online-safety-act '''''Learn about the Online Safety Act''''' at esafety.gov.au]
* [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-technology-communications/internet/online-safety/current-legislation '''''Key elements of the Online Safety Act 2021''''' at infrastructure.gov.au]
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_LEGislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r6680 '''Online Safety Bill 2021''' at aph.gov.au]
* [https://foundationra.com/australia/ '''Revenge porn laws in Australia''' at foundationra.com]

= Canada =
[[File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg|thumb|right|200px|House of Commons of Canada was contemplating banning distribution of all pornography for which there are no consent declarations and proof-of-age for the people depicted.]]

The existing Canadian law ban the distribution of non-consensual disclosure of intimate images.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

== Active bills in Canada ==
=== Digital Charter Implementation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-27 ===
[https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/c-27 '''''Digital Charter Implementation Act''''' at parl.ca] or ''An Act to enact the Consumer Privacy Protection Act, the Personal Information and Data Protection Tribunal Act and the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act and to make consequential and related amendments to other Acts''

== Past bills in Canada ==
=== Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-270 ===

* [https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading House of Commons of Canada bill '''C-270''' ''''''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'''''' at parl.ca], an act to amend the [[w:Criminal Code (Canada)|Criminal Code]] regarding pornography was first read to the Commons by [[w:Arnold Viersen]] on Thursday 2022-04-28 at 10:15.

According to [https://www.townandcountrytoday.com/local-news/mp-submits-private-members-bill-for-second-time-5346232 townandcountrytoday.com] the author of the bill introduced an identical bill '''C-302''' on Thursday 2021-05-27, but that got killed off by oncoming federal elections

'''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''' - '''An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)''' is a private member's bill by Arnold Viersen ([https://www.arnoldviersen.ca/ Official Site at arnoldviersen.ca])

'''Summary of the C-270 from parl.ca'''
<blockquote>
"''This enactment amends the Criminal Code to prohibit a person from making, distributing or advertising pornographic material for commercial purposes without having first ascertained that, at the time the material was made, '''each person''' whose image is '''depicted''' in the material was '''18 years of age''' or older and '''gave their express consent''' to their image being depicted.''"</blockquote><ref name="Canada C-270">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading
|title= Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)
|last=Viersen
|first=Arnold
|date=2022-04-28
|website=parl.ca
|publisher=[[w:House of Commons of Canada]]
|access-date=2022-10-06
|quote=}}

</ref>

'''Sommaire en français / Summary in French'''
<blockquote>
''Le texte modifie le Code criminel afin d’interdire à toute personne de produire ou de distribuer du matériel pornographique à des fins commerciales, ou d’en faire la publicité, sans s’être au préalable assurée qu’au moment de la production du matériel, '''chaque personne''' dont l’image y est représentée '''était âgée de dix-huit ans''' ou plus et '''avait donné son consentement exprès''' à ce que son image y soit représentée''.</blockquote><ref>Bilingual version of C-270 https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf</ref>

'''Links'''

* [https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' in English et en français at publications.gc.ca]
* [https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/C-270 Parliament of Canada LEGISinfo: C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at parl.ca] in English
* [https://openparliament.ca/bills/44-1/C-270/ C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at openparliament.ca] includes motivation of Mr. Arnold Viersen and the co-sponsor of the bill Mr. Garnett Genuis.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.conservative.ca/mp-viersen-reintroduces-the-stopping-internet-sexual-exploitation-sise-act/ ''MP Viersen reintroduces the Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation (SISE) Act'' at conservative.ca]

----

= China =
This information should be updated.
[[File:Flag of China.png|thumb|right|200px|China passed a law requiring faked footage to be labeled as such, effective 2020-01-01]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in China ==

=== Mandatory labeling of fake media in China since 2020 ===
<section begin=China2020 />On Wednesday January 1 2020 Chinese law requiring that synthetically faked footage should bear a clear notice about its fakeness came into effect. Failure to comply could be considered a [[w:crime]] the [[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]] ([http://www.cac.gov.cn/ cac.gov.cn]) stated on its website. China announced this new law in November 2019.<ref name="Reuters2019">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-technology/china-seeks-to-root-out-fake-news-and-deepfakes-with-new-online-content-rules-idUSKBN1Y30VU
| title = China seeks to root out fake news and deepfakes with new online content rules
| last =
| first =
| date = 2019-11-29
| website = [[w:Reuters.com]]
| publisher = [[w:Reuters]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref> The Chinese government seems to be reserving the right to prosecute both users and [[w:online video platform]]s failing to abide by the rules. <ref name="TheVerge2019">

{{cite web
| url = https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/29/20988363/china-deepfakes-ban-internet-rules-fake-news-disclosure-virtual-reality
| title = China makes it a criminal offense to publish deepfakes or fake news without disclosure
| last = Statt
| first = Nick
| date = 2019-11-29
| website =
| publisher = [[w:The Verge]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref>
<section end=China2020 />

=== Deep Synthesis Provisions 2023 ===
On Tuesday 2023-01-10 the Deep Synthesis Provisions came into effect. It was originally drafted in 2022 by the '''[[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]]''' as [https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/deep-synthesis-draft/ '''''Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis Internet Information Services''''' (Draft for solicitation of comments) at chinalawtranslate.com] or [http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-01/28/c_1644970458520968.htm view the Chinese language draft '''''国家互联网信息办公室关于《互联网信息服务深度合成管理规定（征求意见稿）》公开征求意见的通知''''' at cac.gov.cn]<ref group="1st seen in">'''Politico AI: Decoded''' mailing list Wednesday 2022-02-02</ref>.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://thediplomat.com/2023/03/chinas-new-legislation-on-deepfakes-should-the-rest-of-asia-follow-suit/ '''''China’s New Legislation on Deepfakes: Should the Rest of Asia Follow Suit?''''' at thediplomat.com] March 2023 reporting
----
= Denmark =
[[File:Animated flag GIFGIFs Denmark.gif|thumb|right|300px|Denmark is considering a novel approach against synthetic filth, by planning to give Danes copyright over their own appearance and voice, a shift from previous legislative approaches against [[synthetic human-like fakes]].]]
Denmark is currently considering changing its laws so that each Dane would have copyright over their own appearance and voice. The Danish approach is novel because it creates a [[w:Right to property|w:property right]] in one’s biometric identity, treating voice/appearance like [[w:intellectual property]], whereas the previous legislative steps elsewhere have been harms-based.

The legislative proposal comes from the Department of Culture of Denmark and is said to have massive support among MPs.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025">https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jun/27/deepfakes-denmark-copyright-law-artificial-intelligence</ref> The planned changes to Danish copyright law will, once approved, theoretically give people in Denmark the right to demand that online platforms remove content that is in violation of a Danish human's copyright.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/> Parodies and satire get an exception and would still be permitted.<ref name="guardian-denmark-antifake-legislation-2025"/>

'''Reporting'''

* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jun/27/deepfakes-denmark-copyright-law-artificial-intelligence '''''Denmark to tackle deepfakes by giving people copyright to their own features''''' at theguardian.com] by Miranda Bryant 2025-06-27
* [https://lsj.com.au/articles/denmark-proposes-copyright-laws-to-protect-against-deepfakes/ '''''Denmark proposes copyright laws to protect against deepfakes''''' at lsj.com.au] reporting and analysis by Cat Woods 2025-07-16

----

= EU =
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|200px|The EU must address the malicious uses of AI in the law it is planning to regulate AI.]]
== Laws in the EU ==
=== Artificial Intelligence Act ===

The European Union has a law on AI called '''[[w:Artificial Intelligence Act]]'''. The European Commission proposed the AI Act in 2021. On Wednesday 2024-03-13 the MEPs adopted this law.<ref>

{{cite web
| url = https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law
| title = Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law
| last =
| first =
| date = 2024-03-13
| website = europarl.europa.eu
| publisher = [[w:European Parliament]]
| access-date = 2024-03-22
| quote = The regulation, agreed in negotiations with member states in December 2023, was endorsed by MEPs with 523 votes in favour, 46 against and 49 abstentions.
}}

</ref> The AI Act will have a key role in the effective implementation of upcoming EU [[#Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence|Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence]] and [[#Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse|Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]] that intend to protect us against synthetic pornography.

* European '''Artificial Intelligence Act''' has been approved by the member countries and is on track to be approved by April 2024.<ref>https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-artificial-intelligence-act-ai-technology-risk-rules/</ref> Read [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206 Proposal for a '''''REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL LAYING DOWN HARMONISED RULES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACT) AND AMENDING CERTAIN UNION LEGISLATIVE ACTS''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu]<ref group="1st seen in">https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/the-act/ via https://futureoflife.org/ newsletter</ref> (also contains translations)

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-europe-fit-for-the-digital-age/file-regulation-on-artificial-intelligence '''''Artificial intelligence act''''' in the Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu]

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law '''''Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a press announcement on the adoption of the Artificial Intelligence Act on Wednesday 2024-03-13.

'''Studies and information'''

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/stoa/en/document/EPRS_STU(2021)690039 '''''Tackling deepfakes in European policy''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a 2021 study by the Panel for the Future of Science and Technology and published by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]]. [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/690039/EPRS_STU(2021)690039_EN.pdf View .pdf at europarl.europa.eu]
* [https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/ '''''The EU Artificial Intelligence Act''''' at artificialintelligenceact.eu] is a website promising ''Up-to-date developments and analyses of the EU AI Act'' on the new EU law by the [https://futureoflife.org/ Future of Life Institute], an American non-profit NGO.

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euractiv.com/section/artificial-intelligence/opinion/the-ai-act-vs-deepfakes-a-step-forward-but-is-it-enough/ '''''The AI Act vs. deepfakes: A step forward, but is it enough?''''' at euractiv.com], 2024-02-26 opinion piece by Cristina Vanberghen

=== Digital Services Act ===
[https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/digital-services-act-package '''The Digital Services Act''' package at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] [[w:Digital Services Act]] (DSA) came into force in November 2022.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

The Artificial Intelligence Act and Digital Services Act together will help in the enforcement of the upcoming protections to shield us from synthesis crimes.

== Bills in the EU ==
=== Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence ===
The [https://commission.europa.eu/document/28552314-3316-40b4-ae0f-17ff8ab9f43f_en '''''Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at commission.europa.eu] will require, among other things, that member states criminalize non-consensual [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|synthetic digital look-alike]] pornography in their criminal codes.

'''Official'''

* [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52022PC0105 '''''Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu] has the directive text in all languages and various formats

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-new-push-for-european-democracy/file-legislative-proposal-on-gender-based-violence '''''Legislative proposal on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''close to adoption''. (As of March 2024)

* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_649 '''''Commission welcomes political agreement on new rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-02-06 press release by the [[w:European Commission]].

* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_1533 '''''International Women's Day 2022: Commission proposes EU-wide rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-03-08 press release by the EC.

'''Unofficial'''

* [https://hateaid.org/en/eu-protects-women-from-digital-violence/ '''''Deepfakes and dick pics: EU protects women from digital violence''''' at hateaid.org], a 2024-02-07 press release by HateAid.org

* [https://futureoflife.org/ai-policy/disrupting-the-deepfake-pipeline-in-europe/ '''''Disrupting the Deepfake Pipeline in Europe''''' at futureoflife.org], 2024-02-22 article on the approach of ''Leveraging corporate criminal liability under the Violence Against Women Directive to safeguard against pornographic deepfake exploitation'' by Alexandra Tsalidis

=== Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse ===

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-promoting-our-european-way-of-life/file-combating-child-sexual-abuse-online '''''New legislation to fight child sexual abuse online''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''tabled''. (As of March 2024)
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/ '''''Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/timeline-prevention-of-online-child-sexual-abuse/ '''''Timeline - Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]

{{Q|The '''Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse''' ('''Child Sexual Abuse Regulation''', or '''CSAR''') is a [[w:European Union regulation]] proposed by the [[w:European Commissioner for Home Affairs]] [[w:Ylva Johansson]] on 11 May 2022. The stated aim of the legislation is to prevent child sexual abuse online through the implementation of a number of measures, including the establishment of a framework that would make the detection and reporting of child sexual abuse material ([[w:Child pornography|CSAM]]) by digital platforms a legal requirement within the European Union.|Wikipedia as of March 2024|[[w:Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]}}

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/02/06/new-eu-rules-will-criminalise-paedophilia-handbooks-and-deepfakes-of-child-abuse '''''New EU rules will criminalise 'paedophilia handbooks' and deepfakes of child abuse''''' at euronews.com], 2024-02-06 reporting

== Code of practice on Disinformation 2022 ==
The [https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation '''2022 Code of Practice on Disinformation''' at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] - ''Major online platforms, emerging and specialised platforms, players in the advertising industry, fact-checkers, research and civil society organisations delivered a strengthened Code of Practice on Disinformation following the Commission’s Guidance of May 2021''.<ref>https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation</ref>

= Finland =
[[File:Flag of Finland.svg|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|200px|Finland finally updated its laws in 2023 against synthetic filth attacks against adults.]]
[[File:Suomen lippu valokuva.png|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|255px|Finland strongly criminalized synthetic sexual pictures depicting children in 2011, upon the initiative of the [[w:Vanhanen II Cabinet]]]]
== Laws in Finland ==

[[File:Flag_of_Finland.svg|link=Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023|25px]] Suomeksi / in Finnish [[Suomen seksuaalirikoslaki 2023]]

=== Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|what-is-it}}

=== Finland criminalized synthetic CSAM in 2011 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|history}}

----
= France =
[https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F32103 '''''Droit à l'image et respect de la vie privée''''' at service-public.fr] or in English [https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F32103?lang=en '''''Right to the image and respect for privacy''''' at service-public.fr] (automatic translation)

----

= Germany =
[[File:Flag of Germany.svg|thumb|right|200px|Existing German laws provide protection against appearance theft.]]
* [https://mj-cohen.com/2020/01/03/deepfakes-and-german-law/ '''''Deepfakes and German law''''' at mj-cohen.com], January 2020 summary by Maureen Cohen states that the existing German laws are well equipped rendering non-consensual digital look-alikes illegal.

----
= India =
[[File:Flag of India.svg|thumb|right|200px|India]]

'''Laws in India'''

Laws in India can be accessed through the [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/ '''India Code''' at indiacode.nic.in]

'''[[w:Information Technology Act, 2000]]'''
* Section 66. - '''Computer related offences.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=76&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66A. - Omitted. Would have been ''Punishment for sending offensive messages through communication service, etc.''
** Section 66B. - Punishment for dishonestly receiving stolen computer resource or communication device.
** Section 66C. - '''Punishment for identity theft.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=79&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66D. - '''Punishment for cheating by personation by using computer resource.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=80&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 66E. - '''Punishment for violation of privacy.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=81#:~:text=Whoever%2C%20intentionally%20or%20knowingly%20captures,two%20lakh%20rupees%2C%20or%20with</ref>
** Section 66F. - Punishment for cyber terrorism.
* Section 67. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting obscene material in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=83&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67A. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material containing sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=84&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67B. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material depicting children in sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=85&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref>
** Section 67C. - Preservation and retention of information by intermediaries.

'''[[w:Information Technology Rules, 2021]]'''

'''Past bills in India'''
* [[w:Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019]]
'''Legal compilations on the legal situation against synthetic filth in India'''
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|tclf 2023}}
* [https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916 '''''Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture''''' at livelaw.in]<ref name="Livelaw.in 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916
| title = Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture
| last = Rana
| first = Vikrant
| last2 = Gandhi
| first2 = Anuradha
| last3 = Thakur
| first3 = Rachita
| date = 2023-11-24
| website = livelaw.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-21
| quote =
}}
</ref> 2023-11-24 compilation on laws against synthetic fakes in India, by Vikrant Rana, Anuradha Gandhi and Rachita Thakur
* [https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/ '''''What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?''''' at cybercert.in]<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/
| title = What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website = cybercert.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-03-23
| quote = At present, India does not have any law specifically for deep fake cybercrime, but various other laws can be combined to deal with it.
}}
</ref>
* [https://cybercert.in/indian-cyber-laws/ '''''Cyberlaw in India''''' at cybercert.in] provides a wider look into the Indian Cyber Laws

----
= New Zealand =
[[File:Flag of New Zealand.svg|thumb|right|200px|New Zealand]]

* [https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2015/0063/latest/whole.html ''''Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015'''' at legislation.govt.nz]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Equality Now and AUDRi 2024 briefing paper"/> criminalises intimate visual recordings and image-based sexual abuse.

* '''[[w:Netsafe]]''' [https://netsafe.org.nz/ netsafe.org.nz] is an online safety non-profit organisation in New Zealand. It provides educational, anti-bullying and support services. The organisation is contracted under the [[w:Harmful Digital Communications Act]] until 2026. (Wikipedia)

* [https://www.cert.govt.nz/ '''CERT.govt.nz'''], the [[w:Computer emergency response team]] of New Zealand - "''Responding to cyber security threats in New Zealand - CERT NZ is your first port of call when you need to report a cyber security problem.''"

* The '''[[w:Department of Internal Affairs]]''' investigates the possession of, and trading in, child exploitation material.<ref>https://www.police.govt.nz/advice-services/cybercrime-and-internet/online-child-safety</ref>

'''Links regarding the Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015'''
* [https://www.police.govt.nz/advice-services/cybercrime-and-internet/harmful-digital-communications-hdc ''''Harmful Digital Communications (HDC)'''' at police.govt.nz] by the [[w:New Zealand Police]]
* [https://www.justice.govt.nz/courts/civil/harmful-digital-communications/ ''''Harmful digital communications'''' at justice.govt.nz] by the [[w:Ministry of Justice (New Zealand)]]
* [https://netsafe.org.nz/what-is-the-hdca/ '''''What is the HDCA?''''' at netsafe.org.nz] by [[w:Netsafe]], the agency approved by the [[w:New Zealand Police]] to process complaints about harmful digital communications.
* See Wikipedia article on '''[[w:Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015]]''' for more info

----

= Singapore =
[[File:Flag of Singapore.svg|thumb|right|200px|Singapore]]
== Law in Singapore ==
=== Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019 ===

[[w:Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> is a [[w:statute]] of the [[w:Parliament of Singapore]] that enables authorities to tackle the spread of [[w:fake news]] or [[w:false information]]. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protection_from_Online_Falsehoods_and_Manipulation_Act_2019&oldid=1134029282 Wikipedia])

----

= South Africa =
[[File:Flag of the Republic of South Africa.svg|thumb|right|200px|[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 South Africa's relatively new Cybercrimes Act (Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020)] has been enacted only partially on Dec 1 2021]]

== Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020 ==
[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 '''South-Africa Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020''' (English / Afrikaans) at gov.za]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref> came only partially into effect on Wednesday 2021-12-01.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref>

* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-16-distribution-of-data-message-of-intimate-image/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 16 - Disclosure of data message of intimate image''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] Subsection 1 states <blockquote>''Any person (‘‘A’’) who unlawfully and intentionally discloses, by means of an electronic communications service, a data message of an intimate image of a person (‘‘B’’), without the consent of B, is guilty of an offence.''
</blockquote>

* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-17-attempting-conspiring-aiding-abetting-inducing-inciting-instigating-instructing-commanding-or-procuring-to-commit-offence/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 17 - Attempting, conspiring, aiding, abetting, inducing, inciting, instigating, instructing, commanding or procuring to commit offence''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] states
<blockquote>
Any person who unlawfully and intentionally
# attempts;
# conspires with any other person; or
# aids, abets, induces, incites, instigates, instructs, commands or procures another person, to commit an offence in terms of Part I or Part II of this Chapter, is guilty of an offence and is liable on conviction to the punishment to which a person convicted of actually committing that offence would be liable.
</blockquote>

'''Links'''
* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/ '''Cybercrimes Act''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] by Accessible Law contains the law in website format

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/ '''''Not all of the cogs in the Cybercrimes Act machine are turning at once — we still remain vulnerable''''' at dailymaverick.co.za]

----
= South Korea =
[[File:Flag of South Korea.svg|thumb|right|200px|South Korea has invested heavily in AI research and has also legislation to counter the menaces of synthetic human-like fakes.]]
== Law in South Korea ==
=== ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES ===
[https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawView.do?hseq=40947&lang=ENG '''ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES''' at elaw.klri.re.kr] is a law in South Korea.<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>

----

= UK =
* {{#lst:Glossary|UK-Parliament-glossary}}
* {{#lst:Glossary|Law-Society-glossary}}

== Law against synthesis crimes in the UK ==
[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|thumb|right|200px|The UK has improved its legislation.]]

=== Anti-CSAM measures 2025 ===
On Saturday 2025-02-01 Home Secretary Yvette Cooper announced that the UK will be the 1st country in the world to<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-leading-the-way-protecting-children-from-online-predators</ref>
* "''make it illegal to possess, create or distribute AI tools designed to generate child sexual abuse material (CSAM), punishable by up to 5 years in prison''"
* "''make it illegal for anyone to possess AI ‘paedophile manuals’ which teach people how to use AI to sexually abuse children, punishable by up to 3 years in prison''"

Also a law to
* "''introduce a specific offence for predators who run websites designed for other paedophiles to share vile child sexual abuse content or advice on how to groom children, punishable by up to 10 years in prison''"

Additional powers will be given to the Border Force
* "''give Border Force the necessary powers to keep the UK safe and prevent the distribution of CSAM which is often filmed abroad by allowing officers to compel an individual who they reasonably suspect poses a sexual risk to children to unlock their digital devices for inspection, punishable by up to 3 years in prison, depending on the severity''"

Official
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-leading-the-way-protecting-children-from-online-predators '''''Britain's leading the way protecting children from online predators ''''' at gov.uk] - ''UK becomes the first country in the world to create new AI sexual abuse offences to protect children from predators generating AI images. ''

Reporting
* [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8d90qe4nylo '''''AI-generated child sex abuse images targeted with new laws''''' at bbc.com]
* [https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/02/uk/britain-criminalizes-ai-child-sex-abuse-intl-hnk/index.html '''''UK to target AI child sex abuse tools in world first legal crackdown''''' at edition.cnn.com]
* [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/2/uk-to-become-first-country-to-criminalise-ai-child-abuse-tools '''''UK to become first country to criminalise AI child abuse tools''''' at aljazeera.com]
* [https://www.voanews.com/a/uk-to-become-1st-country-to-criminalize-ai-child-abuse-tools/7959851.html '''''UK to become 1st country to criminalize AI child abuse tools''''' at voanews.com]

=== Creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in the UK 2024 ===
On Tuesday 2024-04-16 the UK announced that '''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK'''.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com]</ref> This is a very good move and next logical step would be the prohibition of non-consensually possessing other people's appearance models and voice models, as suggested in [[#Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola|Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola]]. There is really no logical reason to allow criminal leagues to legally possess and trade their libraries of models without this acquisition through covert modeling or trading and possession of raw materials (covert models) to produce the disinformation weapons being illegal.

Reporting
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''Creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com]

=== Online Safety Act 2023 ===
[[w:Online Safety Act 2023]] [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2023/50/enacted '''Online Safety Act 2023''' at legislation.gov.uk] received Royal Assent on 2023-10-26<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular</ref> and it reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.

* '''Part 4''' - '''CSEA reporting''' of the Act on CSEA reporting has not yet come into effect as of February 2024.
** Section 66 requires providers of services regulated under the Act to have systems and processes in place (so far as possible) to ensure that they report all detected and unreported CSEA content present on the service to the NCA (National Crime Agency)
** '''Offence in relation to CSEA reporting''' in Section 69
* '''Part 7''' – '''Enforcement offences'''
* '''Part 10''' - '''Communication offences''' establishes
** '''False communications offence''' in Section 179
** '''Threatening communications offence''' in Section 181
** '''Offences of sending or showing flashing images electronically''' in Section 183
** '''Offence of encouraging or assisting serious self-harm''' in Section 184
** '''Sending etc photograph or film of genitals''' in Section 187
** '''Sharing or threatening to share intimate photograph or film''' in Section 188

The Online Safety Act 2023 came to be from a House of Lords bill UK's [https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3137 '''HL Bill 151''' - '''''Online Safety Bill''''' at bills.parliament.uk] The bill originated from the House of Commons sessions 2021-22 2022-23.

* [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular '''''Online Safety Act: new criminal offences circular''''' at gov.uk] published 2024-01-31 - It is a ''circular is issued to inform the police and other relevant public authorities of certain provisions of the Online Safety Act in particular new criminal offences.''
* [https://www.ofcom.org.uk/news-centre/2023/safer-life-online-for-people-in-uk ''Creating a safer life online for people in the UK'' at ofcom.org.uk]

* [https://www.gov.uk/guidance/a-guide-to-the-online-safety-bill ''A guide to the Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/online-safety-bill ''Documents, publications and announcements relating to the government's Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]

'''Reporting and summaries of the Online Safety Act'''
* [https://www.infolaw.co.uk/newsletter/2023/11/the-online-safety-act-2023-a-primer/ '''''The Online Safety Act 2023: a primer''''' at infolaw.co.uk], a 2023 primer on the Online Safety Act by Alex Heshmaty on 2023-11-29
* [https://www.epra.org/news_items/uk-the-online-safety-act-is-now-law-ofcom-s-powers-as-online-safety-regulator-have-officially-commenced '''''UK: The Online Safety Act is now law; Ofcom’s powers as online safety regulator have officially commenced''''' at epra.org] states that there will three successive implementation phases.

=== The Domestic Abuse Act 2021 Chapter 17, part 6 - Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films ===
'''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/contents/enacted Chapter 17] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/enacted Part 6 - ''Offences involving abusive or violent behaviour''] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted ''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films'' - ''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress'']

According to the UK-based [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/ '''Revenge Porn Helpline''' at revengepornhelpline.org.uk] article [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/ '''''What to do if someone is threatening to share your intimate images'''''] threats to share intimate images with the intent to cause distress is now an offense in UK law. This is included within the '''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' which was enacted into UK law on 29th June 2021.<ref>https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/</ref>

We don't know quite yet if the bug has been fixed, that if the pictures <u>are not pictures of you</u>, but [[synthetic human-like fakes]] the police cannot do anything.

'''Links'''
* [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted '''Domestic Abuse Act 2021''' / '''Chapter 17''' / '''Part 6''' / '''''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films''''' - '''''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress''''' at legislation.gov.uk]

=== Historical about the UK law against synthesis crimes ===

The UK law was not very up-to-date on the issue of synthetic filth until recent improvements.

The independent [[w:Law Commission (England and Wales)]] reviewed the law where it applies to taking, making and sharing intimate images without consent. The outcome of the consultation was due to be published later in 2021.<ref name="BBC2021">

{{cite web
|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-55546372
|title = 'Deepfake porn images still give me nightmares'
|last = Royle
|first = Sara
|date = 2021-01-05
|website = [[w:BBC Online]]
|publisher = [[w:BBC]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = She alerted the police to the images but was told that no action could be taken. Dr Aislinn O'Connell, a lecturer in law at Royal Holloway University of London, explained that Helen's case fell outside the current law.}}

</ref>

"In 2019, law expert Dr Aislinn O’Connell told [[w:The Independent]] that our current laws on image sharing are piecemeal and not fit for purpose. In October 2018 The [[w:Women and Equalities Committee]] called on the UK Government to introduce new legislation on image-based sexual abuse in order to '''criminalise ALL''' non-consensual creation and distribution of intimate sexual images."<ref name="MortPetition2020">

{{cite web
|url = https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images
|title = Change.org petition: 'Tighten regulation on taking, making and faking explicit images'
|last = Mort
|first = Helen
|date = 2020
|website = [[w:Change.org]]
|publisher = [[w:Change.org]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = Unlike other forms of revenge porn, creating pictures or videos like this is not yet illegal in the UK, though it is in some places in the US. The police were unable to help me.}}

</ref> This call is for similar laws as California put in place on January 1 2020.

----

= USA =

[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|thumb|right|200px|Various US states have enacted state laws aimed against synthetic human-like fakes and since May 2025 through the [[w:TAKE IT DOWN Act]] USA has federal legislation against this menace. Many other [[#Past bills in the USA|federal bills have been introduced in the USA]].]]

* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ballotpedia ai deepfake legislation tracker}}
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024}}
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Foundation RA deepfake AI laws for USA}}

{{#lst:Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|cybercivilrights.org law compilations}}

See also:
* [[#Current bills in the USA|Current bills in the USA]] and [[#Past bills in the USA|past bills in the USA]]
* [https://www.congress.gov/legislative-process/introduction-and-referral-of-bills '''The Legislative Process: Introduction and Referral of Bills (Video)''' at congress.gov]
* {{#lst:Glossary|US-Congress-glossary}}

== Federal laws in the USA against synthesis crimes ==
=== US Senate Act S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
The [https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/146 '''''S.146 - TAKE IT DOWN Act''''' at congress.gov], a bipartisan act against non-consensual intimate image-based abuse, or in other words, against naked synthetic digital look-alikes and real image-based abuse. The long name for citing this act is '''''T'''ools to '''A'''ddress '''K'''nown '''E'''xploitation by '''I'''mmobilizing '''T'''echnological '''D'''eepfakes '''o'''n '''W'''ebsites and '''N'''etworks Act'''''.

It became federal law on Monday 2025-05-19. It was passed by the House of Representatives on Monday 2025-04-28. There is a one year delay on some of the requirements of the TAKE IT DOWN Act.

* In Wikipedia [[w:TAKE IT DOWN Act]]

* [https://rainn.org/policy/take-it-down-act '''''Take It Down Act''''' summary at rainn.org] - ''Criminalizing tech-enabled sexual abuse'' - ''Join us in celebrating this landmark victory for survivors of image-based sexual abuse!''
* [https://rainn.org/news/rainn-backed-%E2%80%9Ctake-it-down-act%E2%80%9D-passes-congress '''''RAINN-Backed “Take It Down Act” Passes Congress!''''' at rainn.org] - ''HISTORIC WIN FOR VICTIMS OF TECH-ENABLED SEXUAL ABUSE: RAINN-Backed “Take It Down Act” Passes Congress!''
* [https://apnews.com/article/take-it-down-deepfake-trump-melania-first-amendment-741a6e525e81e5e3d8843aac20de8615 '''''Take It Down Act, addressing nonconsensual deepfakes and ‘revenge porn,’ passes. What is it?''''' at apnews.com], 2025-04-28 reporting by Barbara Ortutay

'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.npr.org/2025/04/28/nx-s1-5380236/take-it-down-act-melania-trump '''''Congress approves a revenge porn bill backed by first lady Melania Trump''''' at npr.org], 2025-04-28 reporting by Ayana Archie
* [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/house-take-it-down-act-vote-deepfake-pornography-victims/ '''''House passes "Take it Down Act," sending revenge porn bill backed by Melania Trump to president's desk''''' at cbsnews.com], 2025-04-28 reporting by Caitlin Yilek

== Law against synthesis crimes in Virginia 2019 ==
=== Code of Virginia § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty ===
[[File:Flag of Virginia.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Virginia]], an avant-garde state. Motto "[[w:Sic semper tyrannis]]"]]

<section begin=Virginia2019 />[[File:Marcus Simon.jpeg|thumb|right|108px|Homie [[w:Marcus Simon|w:Marcus Simon]] ([http://marcussimon.com/ marcussimon.com]) is a Member of the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] and a true pioneer in legislating against synthetic filth.]] Since July 1 2019<ref>

{{Cite web
| url=https://www.fauquier.com/news/new-state-laws-go-into-effect-july/article_6e2e16c8-96b7-11e9-88d0-83a8852ef3eb.html
| title=New state laws go into effect July 1
}}

</ref> [[w:Virginia]] [[w:criminalization|w:has criminalized]] the sale and dissemination of unauthorized synthetic pornography, but not the manufacture.<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515">
{{cite web
| url = https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/
| title = § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website =
| publisher = [[w:Virginia]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}

</ref>, as section [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ § 18.2-386.2 titled ''''''Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''''''] became part of the '''[[w:Code of Virginia]]'''.

[https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/ '''Code of Virginia''' (TOC)] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/ '''Title 18.2.''' Crimes and Offenses Generally] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter8/ '''Chapter 8.''' Crimes Involving Morals and Decency] » [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title18.2/chapter8/article5/ '''Article 5.''' Obscenity and Related Offenses] » '''Section''' [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ § '''18.2-386.2.''' Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty]

The [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ section '''§ 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''' of Virginia] is as follows:
<blockquote>
'''A'''. ''Any [[w:person]] who, with the [[w:Intention (criminal law)|w:intent]] to [[w:coercion|w:coerce]], [[w:harassment|w:harass]], or [[w:intimidation|w:intimidate]], [[w:Malice_(law)|w:malicious]]ly [[w:dissemination|w:disseminates]] or [[w:sales|w:sells]] any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever that [[w:Depiction|w:depicts]] another person who is totally [[w:nudity|w:nude]], or in a state of undress so as to expose the [[w:sex organs|w:genitals]], pubic area, [[w:buttocks]], or female [[w:breast]], where such person knows or has reason to know that he is not [[w:license]]d or [[w:authorization|w:authorized]] to disseminate or sell such [[w:Video|w:videographic]] or [[w:Film still|w:still image]] is [[w:Guilt (law)|w:guilty]] of a Class 1 [[w:Misdemeanor#United States|w:misdemeanor]]. ''
::For purposes of this subsection, "another person" includes a person whose image was used in creating, adapting, or modifying a videographic or still image with the intent to depict an actual person and who is recognizable as an actual person by the person's [[w:face]], [[w:Simulacrum|w:likeness]], or other distinguishing characteristic.''

'''B'''. ''If a person uses [[w:Service (economics)|w:services]] of an [[w:Internet service provider]], an electronic mail service provider, or any other information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server in committing acts prohibited under this section, such provider shall not be held responsible for violating this section for content provided by another person.''

'''C.''' ''Venue for a prosecution under this section may lie in the [[w:jurisdiction]] where the unlawful act occurs or where any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever is produced, reproduced, found, stored, received, or possessed in violation of this section.''

'''D.''' ''The provisions of this section shall not preclude prosecution under any other [[w:statute]].''<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515"/>

The identical bills were [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+HB2678 House Bill 2678] presented by [[w:Delegate (American politics)|w:Delegate]] [[w:Marcus Simon]] to the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] on January 14 2019 and three day later an identical [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+SB1736 Senate bill 1736] was introduced to the [[w:Senate of Virginia]] by Senator [[w:Adam Ebbin]].
</blockquote>
<section end=Virginia2019 />

== Law against synthesis crimes in Texas 2019 ==
=== Texas SB 751 - Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election ===
[[File:Flag of Texas.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Texas]], the Lone Star State has protected the political candidates, but not ordinary folk against synthetic filth.]]

<section begin=Texas2019 />On September 1 2019 [[w:Texas Senate]] bill [https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/86R/billtext/html/SB00751F.htm '''SB 751''' - '''''Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election'''''] [[w:amendment]]s to the election code came into effect in the [[w:Law of Texas]], giving [[w:candidates]] in [[w:elections]] a '''30-day protection period''' to the elections during which making and distributing digital look-alikes or synthetic fakes of the candidates is an offense. The law text defines the subject of the law as "''a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality''"<ref name="TexasSB751">

{{cite web
|url= https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751
|title= Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election
|last=
|first=
|date= 2019-06-14
|website=
|publisher= [[w:Texas]]
|access-date= 2021-01-23
|quote= In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality}}

</ref> SB 751 was introduced to the Senate by [[w:Bryan Hughes (politician)]].<ref name="Texas SB 751 history">https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751</ref>

<section end=Texas2019 />

The text of '''S.B. No. 751''' is as follows
<blockquote>
'''''AN ACT relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election.'''''

''BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:''

SECTION 1. ''[https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/EL/htm/EL.255.htm Section 255.004, Election Code], is [[w:Amend (motion)|w:amended]] by adding Subsections (d) and (e) to read as follows:''
* ('''d''') ''A person commits an offense if the person, with intent to injure a candidate or influence the result of an election:''
*# '''''creates''' a [[w:deepfake|deep fake]] video; and''
*# ''causes the deep fake video to be '''published''' or '''distributed''' within '''30 days''' of an '''election'''.''
* ('''e''') ''In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the '''intent to deceive''', that '''appears to depict''' a real person performing an action that '''did not occur''' in '''reality'''.''
SECTION 2. ''This Act takes effect September 1, 2019.''
</blockquote>
----

* [[w:Texas Legislature]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in California 2020 ==
=== California AB-602 - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action ===
[[File:Flag of California.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:California]] moved later than Virginia, but it outlawed also the manufacture of synthetic filth on Jan 1 2020.]]

<section begin=California2020 />[[File:Marc Berman.jpg|thumb|120px|right|Homie [[w:Marc Berman|w:Marc Berman]], a righteous fighter for our human rights in this age of industrial disinformation filth and an Assemblymember of the [[w:California State Assembly]], most loved for authoring [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 '''AB-602''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''], which came into effect on Jan 1 2020, banning both the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted.]] January 1 2020 <ref name="KFI2019">

{{cite web
|url= https://kfiam640.iheart.com/content/2019-12-30-here-are-the-new-california-laws-going-into-effect-in-2020/
|title= Here Are the New California Laws Going Into Effect in 2020
|last= Johnson
|first= R.J.
|date= 2019-12-30
|website= [[KFI]]
|publisher= [[iHeartMedia]]
|access-date= 2021-01-23
|quote=}}

</ref> the [[w:California]] [[w:State law (United States)|w:US state law]] '''[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 "AB-602 ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''."]''' came into effect in the [[w:California Civil Code|civil code]] of the [[w:California Codes]] banning the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted. AB-602 provides victims of synthetic pornography with [[w:injunction|w:injunctive relief]] and poses legal threats of [[w:statutory damages|w:statutory]] and [[w:punitive damages]] on [[w:criminal]]s making or distributing synthetic pornography without consent. The bill AB-602 was signed into law by California [[w:Governor (United States)|w:Governor]] [[w:Gavin Newsom]] on October 3 2019 and was authored by [[w:California State Assembly]]member [[w:Marc Berman]] and an identical Senate bill was coauthored by [[w:California State Senate|w:California Senator]] [[w:Connie Leyva]].<ref name="OpenStates AB 602">

{{cite web
|url=https://openstates.org/ca/bills/20192020/AB602/
|title=AB 602 - California Assembly Bill 2019-2020 Regular Session - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action.
|last=
|first=
|date=
|website=openstates.org
|publisher=openstates.org
|access-date=2021-03-24
|quote=}}

</ref><ref name="CNET2019">

{{cite web
| last = Mihalcik
| first = Carrie
| title = California laws seek to crack down on deepfakes in politics and porn
| website = [[w:cnet.com]]
| publisher = [[w:CNET]]
| date = 2019-10-04
| url = https://www.cnet.com/news/california-laws-seek-to-crack-down-on-deepfakes-in-politics-and-porn/
| access-date = 2021-01-23
}}

</ref> [https://trackbill.com/bill/california-assembly-bill-602-depiction-of-individual-using-digital-or-electronic-technology-sexually-explicit-material-cause-of-action/1690501/ AB602 at trackbill.com]
<section end=California2020 />

[[File:Connie Leyva 2015.jpg|thumb|right|240px|[[w:California]] [[w:California State Senate|w:Senator]] [[w:Connie Leyva]] sponsored [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB564&showamends=false '''California Senate Bill SB 564''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''] in Feb '''2019''' and the Senate Bill was [https://www.sagaftra.org/action-alert-support-california-bill-end-deepfake-porn endorsed by SAG-AFTRA], but the Assembly Bill AB-602 authored by [[w:California State Assembly]]member [[w:Marc Berman]] was the one that became law on 1 January 2020 in the [[w:California Civil Code|w:California Civil Code]] of the [[w:California Codes]].]]

'''Introduction''' by [https://a24.asmdc.org/ Assemblymember Marc Berman]:

'''AB 602''', Berman. '''''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action'''''.

Existing law creates a private [[w:Cause of action|w:right of action]] against a person who intentionally distributes a photograph or recorded image of another that exposes the intimate body parts of that person or of a person engaged in a sexual act '''without the person’s consent''' if specified conditions are met.

This bill would provide that a '''depicted individual''', as defined, has a '''[[w:cause of action]] against''' a person who '''either'''
* (1) '''creates''' and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material if the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted''' individual '''did not [[w:consent]]''' to its creation or disclosure or
* (2) who '''intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create if the person knows the '''depicted''' individual '''did not consent''' to its creation.

The bill would specify exceptions to those provisions, including if the material is a matter of legitimate public concern or a work of political or newsworthy value.

The bill would authorize a prevailing [[w:plaintiff]] who suffers harm to seek [[w:Injunction|w:injunctive]] relief and recover reasonable [[w:attorney’s fee]]s and costs as well as specified monetary [[w:damages]], including [[w:Statutory damages|statutory]] and [[w:punitive damages]].

'''The law is as follows''':
<blockquote>
SECTION 1. Section 1708.86 is added to the [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codesTOCSelected.xhtml?tocCode=CIV&tocTitle=+Civil+Code+-+CIV Civil Code of California], to read:

'''1708.86.''' ('''a''') '''For purposes of this section''':
* (1) “''Altered depiction''” means a performance that was actually performed by the depicted individual but was subsequently altered to be in violation of this section.
* (2) “''Authorized Representative''” means an attorney, talent agent, or personal manager authorized to represent a depicted individual if the depicted individual is represented.
* (3) (A) “''Consent''” means an agreement written in plain language signed knowingly and voluntarily by the depicted individual that includes a general description of the sexually explicit material and the audiovisual work in which it will be incorporated.
* (3) (B) A depicted individual may rescind consent by delivering written notice within three business days from the date consent was given to the person in whose favor consent was made, unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:
:**(i) The depicted individual is given at least 72 hours to review the terms of the agreement before signing it.
:**(ii) The depicted individual’s authorized representative provides written approval of the signed agreement.
* (4) “''Depicted individual''” means an individual who appears, as a result of digitization, to be giving a performance they did not actually perform or to be performing in an altered depiction.
* (5) “''Despicable conduct''” means conduct that is so vile, base, or contemptible that it would be looked down on and despised by a reasonable person.
* (6) “''Digitization''” means to realistically depict any of the following:
** (A) The nude body parts of another human being as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
** (B) Computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
** (C) The depicted individual engaging in sexual conduct in which the depicted individual did not engage.
* (7) “''Disclose''” means to publish, make available, or distribute to the public.
* (8) “''Individual''” means a natural person.
* (9) “''Malice''” means that the defendant acted with intent to cause harm to the plaintiff or despicable conduct that was done with a willful and knowing disregard of the rights of the plaintiff. A person acts with knowing disregard within the meaning of this paragraph when they are aware of the probable harmful consequences of their conduct and deliberately fail to avoid those consequences.
* (10) “''Nude''” means visible genitals, pubic area, anus, or a female’s postpubescent nipple or areola.
* (11) “''Person''” means a human being or legal entity.
* (12) “''Plaintiff''” includes cross-plaintiff.
* (13) “''Sexual conduct''” means any of the following:
** (A) Masturbation.
** (B) Sexual intercourse, including genital, oral, or anal, whether between persons regardless of sex or gender or between humans and animals.
** (C) Sexual penetration of the vagina or rectum by, or with, an object.
** (D) The transfer of semen by means of sexual conduct from the penis directly onto the depicted individual as a result of ejaculation.
** (E) Sadomasochistic abuse involving the depicted individual.
(14) “''Sexually explicit material''” means any portion of an audiovisual work that shows the depicted individual performing in the nude or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct.

('''b''') '''A depicted individual has a cause of action against''' a person who does '''either of the following''':
* (1) '''Creates and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material''' and the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted individual''' in that material '''did not consent''' to its creation or disclosure.
* (2) '''Intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create and the person knows the depicted individual in that material '''did not consent''' to the creation of the sexually explicit material.

('''c''') (1) A person is '''not liable''' under this section in either of the following circumstances:
* (A) The person discloses the sexually explicit material in the course of any of the following:
:** (i) Reporting unlawful activity.
:** (ii) Exercising the person’s law enforcement duties.
:**(iii) Hearings, trials, or other legal proceedings.
* (B) The material is any of the following:
:** (i) A matter of legitimate public concern.
:** (ii) A work of political or newsworthy value or similar work.
:** (iii) Commentary, criticism, or disclosure that is otherwise protected by the California Constitution or the United States Constitution.
* (2) For purposes of this subdivision, sexually explicit material is not of newsworthy value solely because the depicted individual is a public figure.

('''d''') It shall not be a defense to an action under this section that there is a disclaimer included in the sexually explicit material that communicates that the inclusion of the depicted individual in the sexually explicit material was unauthorized or that the depicted individual did not participate in the creation or development of the material.

('''e''') (1) A prevailing plaintiff who suffers harm as a result of the violation of subdivision (b) may recover any of the following:
* (A) An amount equal to the monetary gain made by the defendant from the creation, development, or disclosure of the sexually explicit material.
* (B) One of the following:
:** (i) Economic and noneconomic damages proximately caused by the disclosure of the sexually explicit material, including damages for emotional distress.
:** (ii) Upon request of the plaintiff at any time before the final judgment is rendered, the plaintiff may instead recover an award of statutory damages for all unauthorized acts involved in the action, with respect to any one work, as follows:
:** (I) A sum of not less than one thousand five hundred dollars ($1,500) but not more than thirty thousand dollars ($30,000).
:** (II) If the unlawful act was committed with malice, the award of statutory damages may be increased to a maximum of one hundred fifty thousand dollars ($150,000).
* (C) Punitive damages.
* (D) Reasonable attorney’s fees and costs.
* (E) Any other available relief, including injunctive relief.
(2) The remedies provided by this section are cumulative and shall not be construed as restricting a remedy that is available under any other law.

('''f''') An action under this section shall be commenced no later than three years from the date the unauthorized creation, development, or disclosure was discovered or should have been discovered with the exercise of reasonable diligence.

('''g''') The provisions of this section are severable. If any provision of this section or its application is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions.
</blockquote>
<ref name="CaliforniaStateLaw AB 602">
{{Citation
| title = "AB-602 Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action."
| first = Marc
| last = Berman
| author-link = w:Marc Berman
| first2 = Connie
| last2 = Leyva
| author2-link = w:Connie Leyva
| series =
| year = 2019
| publisher = [[w:California]]
| url = https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602
}}

</ref>

----

* [[w:California State Legislature]]

== Law against synthesis crimes in Georgia in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of Georgia (U.S. state) II.png|thumb|right|200px|Georgia's motto is ''"Wisdom, Justice, Moderation"'' and one could say it is well manifested in how their law against synthetic filth [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html '''GA CODE § 16-11-90'''] is thought out and written.]]
=== Georgia Code § 16-11-90 ===

'''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/ Georgia Code]''' / '''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ Title 16. Crimes and Offenses]''' [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html Chapter 11 "Offenses Against Public Order and Safety", Article 3 "Invasions of Privacy", Part 3 "Invasion of privacy" '''GA CODE § 16-11-90''']
<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list">https://cybercivilrights.org/deep-fake-laws/</ref>

'''The law is''' as of April 14, 2021<ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com" /> as follows:
<blockquote>
('''a''') As used in this Code section, the term:

* ('''1''') “''Harassment''” means engaging in conduct directed at a depicted person that is intended to cause substantial emotional harm to the depicted person.

* ('''2''') “''Nudity''” means:

::* (A) The showing of the human male or female genitals, pubic area, or buttocks without any covering or with less than a full opaque covering;

::* (B) The showing of the female breasts without any covering or with less than a full opaque covering; or

::* (C) The depiction of covered male genitals in a discernibly turgid state.

* ('''3''') “''Sexually explicit conduct” shall have the same meaning as set forth in Code Section 16-12-100 .

('''b''') '''A person violates this Code section if he or she, knowing the content of a transmission or post, knowingly and without the consent of the depicted person''':

* ('''1''') '''Electronically transmits or posts''', in one or more transmissions or posts, a photograph or video which depicts nudity or sexually explicit conduct of an adult, '''including a falsely created videographic or still image''', when the transmission or post is harassment or causes financial loss to the depicted person and serves no legitimate purpose to the depicted person; or

* ('''2''') '''Causes the electronic transmission or posting''', in one or more transmissions or posts, of a photograph or video which depicts nudity or sexually explicit conduct of an adult, '''including a falsely created videographic or still image''', when the transmission or post is harassment or causes financial loss to the depicted person and serves no legitimate purpose to the depicted person.

:Nothing in this Code section shall be construed to impose liability on an interactive computer service, as such term is defined in 47 U.S.C. 230(f)(2) , or an information service or telecommunications service, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. 153 , for content provided by another person.

('''c''') Any person who violates this Code section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of a high and aggravated nature; provided, however, that upon a second or subsequent violation of this Code section, he or she shall be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by imprisonment of not less than one nor more than five years, a fine of not more than $100,000.00, or both.

('''d''') A person shall be '''subject to prosecution in this state''' pursuant to Code Section 17-2-1 for any conduct made unlawful by this Code section which the person engages in while:

* ('''1''') '''Either within''' or '''outside of this state''' if, by such conduct, the person commits a violation of this Code section which involves an '''individual who resides in this state'''; or

* ('''2''') '''Within this state''' if, by such conduct, the person commits a violation of this Code section which involves an '''individual who resides within or outside this state'''.

('''e''') The provisions of subsection (b) of this Code section shall not apply to:

* ('''1''') The activities of law enforcement and prosecution agencies in the investigation and prosecution of criminal offenses;

* ('''2''') Legitimate medical, scientific, or educational activities;

* ('''3''') Any person who transmits or posts a photograph or video depicting only himself or herself engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct;

* ('''4''') The transmission or posting of a photograph or video that was originally made for commercial purposes;

* ('''5''') Any person who transmits or posts a photograph or video depicting a person voluntarily engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct in a public setting; or

* ('''6''') A transmission that is made pursuant to or in anticipation of a civil action.

('''f''') There shall be a rebuttable presumption that an information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server, including specifically a service or system that provides access to the Internet, for content provided by another person, does not know the content of an electronic transmission or post.

('''g''') Any violation of this Code section shall constitute a separate offense and shall not merge with any other crimes set forth in this title.</blockquote><ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com">

{{cite web
|url=https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html
|title=Georgia Code Title 16. Crimes and Offenses § 16-11-90
|last=
|first=
|date=2021-04-14
|website=[[w:FindLaw]]
|publisher=[[w:Georgia (U.S. state)]]
|access-date=2022-01-04
|quote=}}

</ref>

== Law against synthesis crimes in New York State in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of New York.svg|thumb|right|200px|New York State]]
=== New York State - CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy SECTION 52-C - Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual ===
[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/-CH6 '''CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights'''] [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/A5 '''ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual '''SECTION 52-C''' - '''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual''']<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list" />

'''The law is as follows:'''
<blockquote>
<big>'''§ 52-c''' - '''''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual.''''' </big><sup>Obs: There are 2 § 52-c's</sup>

'''1. For the purposes of this section:'''

* '''a.''' "'''''depicted individual'''''" means an individual who '''appears''', as a result of digitization, '''to be giving a performance they did not actually perform''' or '''to be performing in a performance that was actually performed by the depicted individual but was subsequently altered to be in violation of this section'''.

* '''b.''' "'''''digitization'''''" means to '''realistically depict the nude body parts of another human being as the nude body parts of the depicted individual''', '''computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the depicted individual''' or the '''depicted individual engaging in sexual conduct''', as defined in subdivision ten of section 130.00 of the penal law, '''in which the depicted individual did not engage'''.

* '''c.''' "''individual''" means a natural person.

* '''d.''' "''person''" means a human being or legal entity.

* '''e.''' "''sexually explicit material''" means any portion of an audio visual work that shows the depicted individual performing in the nude, meaning with an unclothed or exposed intimate part, as defined in section 245.15 of the penal law, or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct, as defined in subdivision ten of section 130.00 of the penal law.

'''2. a.''' A depicted individual shall have a '''cause of action''' against a person who, '''discloses''', '''disseminates''' or '''publishes''' sexually explicit material related to the depicted individual, and the person knows or reasonably should have known the depicted individual in that material '''did not consent''' to its '''creation''', disclosure, dissemination, or publication.

* '''b.''' It shall '''not be a defense''' to an action under this section that '''there is a disclaimer''' in the sexually explicit material that communicates that the inclusion of the depicted individual in the sexually explicit material was unauthorized or that the depicted individual did not participate in the creation or development of the material.

'''3. a.''' A depicted individual may only consent to the creation, disclosure, dissemination, or publication of sexually explicit material by knowingly and voluntarily signing an agreement written in plain language that includes a general description of the sexually explicit material and the audiovisual work in which it will be incorporated.

* '''b.''' A depicted individual may rescind consent by delivering written notice within three business days from the date consent was given to the person in whose favor consent was made, unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:

:* i. the depicted individual is given at least three business days to review the terms of the agreement before signing it; or

:* ii. if the depicted individual is represented, the attorney, talent agent, or personal manager authorized to represent the depicted individual provides additional written approval of the signed agreement.

'''4. a.''' A person is not liable under this section if:

:* i. the person discloses, disseminates or publishes the sexually explicit material in the course of reporting unlawful activity, exercising the person's law enforcement duties, or hearings, trials or other legal proceedings; or

:* ii. the sexually explicit material is a matter of legitimate public concern, a work of political or newsworthy value or similar work, or commentary, criticism or disclosure that is otherwise protected by the constitution of this state or the United States; provided that sexually explicit material shall not be considered of newsworthy value solely because the depicted individual is a public figure.

'''5.''' In any action commenced pursuant to this section, the finder of fact, in its discretion, '''may award injunctive relief''', '''punitive damages''', '''compensatory damages''', and '''reasonable court costs''' and '''attorney's fees'''.

'''6.''' A cause of action or special proceeding under this section shall be commenced the later of either:

* '''a.''' three years after the dissemination or publication of sexually explicit material; or

* '''b.''' one year from the date a person discovers, or reasonably should have discovered, the dissemination or publication of such sexually explicit material.

'''7.''' Nothing in this section shall be read to require a prior criminal complaint, prosecution or conviction to establish the elements of the cause of action provided for in this section.

'''8.''' The provisions of this section including the remedies are in addition to, and shall not supersede, any other rights or remedies available in law or equity.

'''9.''' If any provision of this section or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of this section which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this section are severable.

'''10.''' Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit, or to enlarge, the protections that 47 U.S.C. § 230 confers on an interactive
computer service for content provided by another information content provider, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. § 230.</blockquote><ref name="New York State Civil Rights CHAPTER 6, ARTICLE 5, SECTION 52-C">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual
|title= SECTION 52-C Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual
|last=
|first=
|date=2021-11-12
|website=nysenate.gov
|publisher=[[w:New York State Legislature]]
|access-date=2021-01-04
|quote=}}

</ref>

== Law against synthesis crimes in Florida 2025 ==
[https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2025/1161/?Tab=BillHistory '''''CS/CS/HB 1161: Removal of Altered Sexual Depictions Posted without Consent''''' at flsenate.gov] is set to become law in 2025

'''Reporting'''
* [https://floridapolitics.com/archives/733939-brookes-law-giving-deepfake-victims-recourse-against-platforms-will-head-to-governors-desk/ '''''‘Brooke’s Law,’ giving deepfake victims recourse against platforms, heads to Governor’s desk''''' at floridapolitics.com], April 2025 reporting by A.G. Gancarski

== Current bills in the USA ==

== 119th Congress ==
=== Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2025 (DEFIANCE Act of 2025) (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1837 '''''Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2025 (DEFIANCE Act of 2025)''''' at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of the US Senate bill S. 3696 - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images and Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024 (DEFIANCE Act of 2024) (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3696/text '''''S.3696 - DEFIANCE Act of 2024''''' at congress.gov], a bipartisan Senate bill against synthetic filth.

* [https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record/volume-170/issue-17/senate-section/article/S289-2 '''''Introductory Statement on S. 3696; Congressional Record Vol. 170, No. 17''''' at congress.gov] 2024-01-30
* [https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/press/releases/durbin-graham-klobuchar-hawley-introduce-defiance-act-to-hold-accountable-those-responsible-for-the-proliferation-of-nonconsensual-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-and-videos '''''Durbin, Graham, Klobuchar, Hawley Introduce DEFIANCE Act to Hold Accountable Those Responsible for the Proliferation of Nonconsensual, Sexually-Explicit “Deepfake” Images and Videos''''' at judiciary.senate.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>
* [https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118s3696is '''''S. 3696 (IS) - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024''''' at govinfo.gov]
* [https://www.durbin.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/defiance_act_of_2024.pdf '''DEFIANCE Act of 2024''' at durbin.senate.gov] explains that it would create ''a federal civil remedy for victims who are identifiable in a “digital forgery"''.

'''Reporting and commentary on DEFIANCE Act of 2024 bill'''
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/jan/30/taylor-swift-ai-deepfake-nonconsensual-sexual-images-bill '''''Taylor Swift AI images prompt US bill to tackle nonconsensual, sexual deepfakes''''' at theguardian.com]
* [https://www.theverge.com/2024/1/30/24056385/congress-defiance-act-proposed-ban-nonconsensual-ai-porn '''''Lawmakers propose anti-nonconsensual AI porn bill after Taylor Swift controversy''''' at theverge.com]

=== Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===

[https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1027/text '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act)''''' at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of US House bill H.R.7123 - Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7123/text?s=1&r=3 '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-of-artificial-intelligence/the-terrifying-ai-scam-that-uses-your-loved-ones-voice</ref>

=== H.R.1941 - Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (119th Congress - 2025-2026) ===
This is a reintroduction of the older US House bill H.R. 3106 - Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024)
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3106/text '''''Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act''''' at congress.gov] was introduced in the House on 2023-05-05. It was [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/9631 a reintroduction of H.R. 9631 from the 117th Congress].

== State bills ==
=== NY Senate bill S6278 in the 2025-2026 regular session ===
This bill was reintroduced as [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S6278 S6278] to the 2025-2026 session.

[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S5583 '''NY Senate bill S5583 in the 2023-2024 regular session''' at nysenate.gov] would establish ''the crime of aggravated harassment by means of electronic or digital communication and provides for a private right of action for the unlawful dissemination or publication of deep fakes''.

== Past bills in the USA ==

=== US House bill H.R.6943 - No AI FRAUD Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6943/text '''No Artificial Intelligence Fake Replicas And Unauthorized Duplications Act of 2024''' or the ('''No AI FRAUD Act''') at congress.gov] was introduced to the 118th Congress 2nd session on 2024-01-24.<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>

=== US House bill H.R.5586 - Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023 (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5586/text “Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023” or the “DEEPFAKES Accountability Act” at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of earlier House bill H.R.3230 to the 118th Congress (2023-2024 session)

=== US Senate bill S1641 - Preventing Rampant Online Technological Exploitation and Criminal Trafficking Act of 2022 - (117th Congress) ===
The bill known as [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/4991/text?r=4&s=1 Senate bill '''S.4991''' - ''''''PROTECT Act'''''' at congress.gov] was read by Senator [[w:Mike Lee]] on Wednesday 2022-09-28 twice.

=== New York Senate bill - Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material - in regular session 2021-2022 ===
[[File:Flag of New York (1909–2020).png|thumb|right|200px|[[w:New York State Legislature]] regular session 2021-2022 is contemplating the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York senate bill '''S1641'''] and identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 assembly bill '''A6517'''] to ban sending unsolicited pornography.]]

Bill '''''Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material'''''' is essentially a bill that aims to ban sending unsolicited nudes.

In the 2021-2022 [[w:New York State Senate]] regular sessions, on 2021-01-14 Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored and Senators [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) and [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] of the New York State Senate co-sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law]. On 2021-03-19 an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] was introduced to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] by Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]).<ref group="1st seen in">

First seen in the [https://trackbill.com/search/#/related=%7B%22id%22:%221690501%22,%22state%22:%22CA%22,%22session%22:%222019%22,%22billId%22:%22AB602%22%7D&direction=desc&page=1&resultsPerPage=25&sort=relevancy&tracked&upcoming_hearings&type=bills&state=all&session suggestions for similar bills for Bills similar to CA AB602 by trackbill.com].

</ref>

If this bill passes it will be codified in the [[w:Consolidated Laws of New York]]. View the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York''' at nysenate.gov].

* '''Title of bill''': ''An act to amend the penal law, in relation to the creation of the criminal offense of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''

* '''Purpose''': ''The purpose of this bill is to make it unlawful to send sexually explicit material through electronic means unless the material is sent at the request of, or with the express consent of the recipient.''

* '''Summary of provisions''': Adds a '''new section 250.70''' to the penal law making it ''unlawful to knowingly transmit by electronic means visual material that depicts any person engaging in sexual conduct or with a person's intimate parts exposed unless the material is sent at the request of, or with the express consent of the recipient.

* '''Justification''': ''Currently under New York State law, indecent exposure in person is a crime, but it is not unlawful to send sexually explicit photos to nonconsenting adult recipients through electronic transmission. With the growing modem age of online dating, many individuals are receiving sexually explicit visual content without their consent from strangers. No person should be forced to view sexually explicit material without their consent.''

''The bill offers a clear deterrent to those considering sending unsolicited sexual pics and similar inappropriate conduct, and protects the
unwilling recipients who currently have no legal recourse for such abuses.

''What is illegal in the real world must be illegal in the digital world, and this legislation is a first step in the right direction in adding that accountability.''

* '''Legislative history''':
*# Senate - 2020 - S5949 Referred to Codes
*# Assembly - 2020 - A7801 Referred to Codes

* '''Fiscal implications''': ''Minimal''

* '''Effective date''': ''This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law.''

The text of the bill is, as of 2021-03-24, as follows:

:"Section 1. The penal law is amended by adding a new section 250.70 to read as follows:

:'''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL'''''.

:A person is guilty of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material if a person knowingly transmits by electronic means visual material that depicts any person engaging in sexual conduct or with a person's intimate parts exposed or depicts the covered genitals of a male person that are in a discernibly turgid state and such visual material is not sent at the request of or with the express consent of the recipient. For purposes of this section the term "intimate parts" means the naked genitals, pubic area, anus, or female postpubescent nipple of the person and the term "sexual conduct" shall have the same meaning as defined in [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/130.00 section 130.00 (Sex offenses; definitions of terms)] of this chapter. Unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material is a class a misdemeanor.

:'''§ 2'''. This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law."

----
<gallery>
File:Nopic.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law].
File:LIRR Elmont, Brian Benjamin (cropped).jpg|thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Todd_Kaminsky_Head_Shot.jpg||thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Aileen_Gunther.jpg|thumb|260px|NY Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]) presented an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] on 2021-03-19.
* [[w:New York State Legislature]]
</gallery>

=== US Senate bill - Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - 2019-2020 US Senate session (116th Congress) ===
The Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act (SISE) was a bill introduced to the 2019-2020 session of the US Senate.
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/5054?r=1&s=1 US Senate Bill ''''''S.5054''' - '''Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''''' at congress.gov]

=== US House bill - H.R.3230 - DEEP FAKES Accountability Act (116th Congress) ===

* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230/text '''H.R.3230''' - '''''DEEP FAKES Accountability Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> also known as ''Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2019'' and it aimed to include requirements for producers of synthetic human-like fakes '' to generally comply with certain [[w:Digital watermarking|w:digital watermark]] and disclosure requirements''.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230</ref>

=== US Senate bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress) ===
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/3805/text '''S.3805''' - '''''Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry">
Chatting with ChatGPT 2023

* First I asked ChatGPT to "''list some legislative approaches against so-called "deep fakes" or "deepfakes"''" and it mentioned the Singaporean [[#Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]] and the [[#Bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress)]]

</ref> aimed at criminalizing synthesizing human-likeness media for intent of breaking federal, state, local or tribal law

----

----

= Law proposals =
== Law proposals against synthetic filth by [[User:Juho Kunsola|Juho Kunsola]] ==

* '''Audience''': Developed with suitability for national, supranational and UN treaty levels.
* '''Writing context''':
** Written from context of inclusion to '''criminal codes'''.
** I'm a Finn so this has been worded to fit in the [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1889/18890039001#L24 Chapter 24 of the Criminal Code of Finland (in Finnish at finlex.fi)] titled "''Offences against privacy, public peace and personal reputation''"
** [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039 Access the English translations of the Finnish Criminal Code at finlex.fi] or [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039_20150766.pdf go straight to the latest .pdf from 2016]. Chapter 24 starts on page 107.
* '''History''': This version is an evolution of a Finnish language original written in 2016.

[[File:Suomen lippu valokuva.png|right|thumb|260px|[[w:Finland]] has very logical and very [https://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/ accessible laws], but also here we need updating of the laws for this age of industrial disinformation.]]

Existing law in <big>Chapter 24. of the Finnish Criminal Code - "''Offences against privacy, public peace and personal reputation''"</big> seems to be ineffective against many [[synthetic human-like fakes|synthetic human-like fake attack]] and seems it could be used to frame victims for crimes with [[synthetic human-like fakes#Digital sound-alikes|digital sound-alikes]].

The portions affected by or affecting the synthetic filth situation in bold font:

* Section 1 - Invasion of domestic premises (879/2013)
* Section 1(a) - '''Harassing communications''' (879/2013)
* Section 2 - Aggravated invasion of domestic premises (531/2000)
* Section 3 - Invasion of public premises (585/2005)
* Section 4 - Aggravated invasion of public premises (531/2000)
* Section 5 - '''Eavesdropping''' (531/2000)
* Section 6 - '''Illicit observation''' (531/2000)
* Section 7 - '''Preparation of eavesdropping or illicit observation''' (531/2000)
* Section 8 - '''Dissemination of information violating personal privacy''' (879/2013)
* Section 8(a) - '''Aggravated dissemination of information violating personal privacy''' (879/2013)
* Section 9 - '''Defamation''' (879/2013)
* Section 10 - '''Aggravated defamation''' (879/2013)
* Section 11 - Definition (531/2000)
* Section 12 - '''Right to bring charges''' (879/2013)
* Section 13 - '''Corporate criminal liability''' (511/2011)

[[File:The-diffuse-reflection-deducted-from-the-specular-reflection-Debevec-2000.png|thumb|right|260px|Subtraction of the diffuse reflection from the specular reflection. Image is scaled for luminocity. Diffuse reflection is acquired by placing polarizers in 90 degree angle and specular with 0 degree angle.
<br /><br />
[[:File:Deb-2000-reflectance-separation.png|Original picture]] by [[w:Paul Debevec|Debevec]] et al. - Copyright ACM 2000 https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=311779.344855]]

=== Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth ===

==== §1 Models of human appearance ====

A '''model of human appearance''' means
::* A realistic '''3D model'''
::* A '''[[Glossary#Bidirectional reflectance distribution function|7D bidirectional reflectance distribution function]] model'''
::* A '''direct-to-2D''' capable [[w:machine learning]] model
::* Or a model made with any technology whatsoever, that looks deceivingly like the target person.

==== §2 Producing synthetic pornography ====
Making '''projections''', still or videographic, where targets are portrayed in a '''nude''' or in a '''sexual situation''' from models of human appearance defined in §1 '''without express consent''' of the targets is '''illegal'''.

==== §3 Distributing synthetic pornography ====
'''Distributing''', '''making available''', '''public display''', '''purchase''', '''sale''', '''yielding''', '''import''' and '''export''' of non-authorized '''synthetic pornography''' defined in §2 are '''punishable'''.<ref group="footnote">People who are found in possession of this synthetic pornography should probably not be penalized, but rather advised to get some help.</ref>

==== §4 Aggravated producing and distributing synthetic pornography ====
If the media described in §2 or §3 is made or distributed with the '''intent''' to '''frame for a crime''' or for '''blackmail''', the crime should be judged as '''aggravated'''.

==== Afterwords ====
The original idea I had was to ban both the raw materials i.e. the models to make the visual synthetic filth and also the end product weaponized synthetic pornography, but then in July 2019 it appeared to me that [[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]] could really help in this age of industrial disinformation if it were built, trained and operational. Banning modeling of human appearance was in conflict with the revised plan.

It is safe to assume that collecting permissions to model each pornographic recording is not plausible, so an interesting question is that can we ban covert modeling from non-pornographic pictures, while still retaining the ability to model all porn found on the Internet.

In case we want to pursue banning modeling people's appearance from non-pornographic images/videos without explicit permission be pursued it must be <font color="green">formulated</font> so that this <font color="red">'''does not make'''</font> <big>'''[[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]]'''</big> <font color="red">illegal</font> / <font color="red">impossible</font>. This would seem to lead to a weird situation where modeling a human from non-pornographic media would be illegal, but modeling from pornography legal.

=== Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice ===
{{#ev:youtube|0sR1rU3gLzQ|360px|right|[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sR1rU3gLzQ Video 'This AI Clones Your Voice After Listening for 5 Seconds' by '2 minute papers' at YouTube] describes the voice thieving machine by Google Research in [[w:NeurIPS|w:NeurIPS]] 2018.}}

'''Motivation''': The current situation where the criminals can freely trade and grow their libraries of stolen voices is unwise.

==== §1 Unauthorized modeling of a human voice ====
'''Acquiring''' such a '''model of a human's voice''', that '''deceptively resembles''' some '''dead''' or '''living''' person's voice and the '''possession''', '''purchase''', '''sale''', '''yielding''', '''import''' and '''export''' '''without''' the '''express consent''' of the target are '''punishable'''.

==== §2 Application of unauthorized voice models ====
'''Producing''' and '''making available''' media from covert voice models defined in §1 is '''punishable'''.

==== §3 Aggravated application of unauthorized voice models ====
If the produced media is for a '''purpose''' to
::* '''frame''' a '''human''' target or targets for '''crimes'''
::* to attempt '''extortion''' or
::* to '''defame the target''',
the crime should be judged as '''aggravated'''.

----

= Resources and reporting on law =

== AI and law in general ==

[[File:LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg|thumb|right|340px|[[w:Library of Congress]] ([https://loc.gov/ loc.gov]) reading room]]

''' Reviews and regulation '''
From the '''[[w:Library of Congress]]''':

* [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/index.php ''''''Regulation of Artificial Intelligence'''''' at loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/compsum.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Comparative Summary' at loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/international.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: International and Regional Approaches' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/americas.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: The Americas and the Caribbean' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/asia-pacific.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: East/South Asia and the Pacific' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/europe-asia.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Europe and Central Asia' loc.gov]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/middleeast-northafrica.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Middle East and North Africa' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/africa.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Sub-Saharan Africa' (loc.gov)]

'''[[w:Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher|w:Gibson Dunn & Crutcher]]''' (gibsondunn.com) publishes a quarterly legal update on 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems'. Gibson Dunn & Crutcher is a global [[w:law firm|w:law firm]], founded in Los Angeles in 1890.
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-4q18/ ''''''Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update'''''' Quarter 4 2018 at Gibson & Dunn]
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-1q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 1 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-2q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 2 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-3q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 3 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-automated-systems-legal-update-4q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 4 2019']

''' From Europe'''
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|180px|The [[w:European Union]]'s [[w:European Parliament|Parliament]]'s [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] on [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives].]]
* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf ''''''The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives'''''' (.pdf) at europarl.europa.eu], a March 2020 study by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] Starting from page 37 the .pdf lists organizations in the field.

== Synthetic filth in the law and media ==
* [https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4409&context=vlr ''''''"The New Weapon of Choice": Law's Current Inability to Properly Address Deepfake Pornography'''''' at scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu], October 2020 Notes by Anne Pechenik Gieseke published in the The [[w:Vanderbilt Law Review]], the flagship [[w:academic journal]] of [[w:Vanderbilt University Law School]].
* [https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/07/08/deepfakes-and-synthetic-media-in-financial-system-assessing-threat-scenarios-pub-82237 ''''''Deepfakes and Synthetic Media in the Financial System: Assessing Threat Scenarios'''''' at carnegieendowment.org], a 2020-07-08 assessment identifies some types of criminalities that can be made using [[synthetic human-like fakes]].
* [https://ssri.duke.edu/news/don%E2%80%99t-believe-your-eyes-or-ears-weaponization-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-and ''''''Don’t Believe Your Eyes (or Ears): The Weaponization of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deepfakes'''''' at ssri.duke.edu], an October 2019 news article by Joe Littell, published by the Social Science Research Institute at the [[w:Duke University]]
* [https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/dltr/vol17/iss1/4/ ''''''Deepfakes: False Pornography Is Here and the Law Cannot Protect You'''''' at scholarship.law.duke.edu], published in 2019 in the [[w:Duke Law Journal|Duke Law Journal]], a student-run law review.
* [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-20/deepfake-porn-political-ads-push-states-to-curb-rampant-ai-use '''''States Are Rushing to Regulate Deepfakes as AI Goes Mainstream''''' at bloomberg.com] (paywalled), June 2023 reporting on US legislation against synthetic human-like fakes. It lists CA, WA, WY, MN, TX, GA and VA as having anti-deepfake laws and lists LA, IL, MA and NJ as planning to legislate.

== The countries that have unfortunately banned full face veil ==

{{Q|There are currently 16 nations that have banned the burqa (not to be confused with the hijab), including [[w:Tunisia]],<ref name="reuters.com">

{{cite news
|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-tunisia-niqab-security-idUKKCN1U01CH
|title= Tunisian PM bans wearing of niqab in public institutions
|date=5 July 2019
|access-date=2021-03-13
|newspaper= Reuters
}}

</ref> [[w:Austria]], [[w:Denmark]], [[w:France]], [[w:Belgium]], [[w:Tajikistan]], [[w:Latvia]],<ref name="independent.co.uk">

{{cite web
|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/islamic-muslim-face-veil-niqab-burqa-banned-latvia-despite-being-worn-by-just-three-women-entire-a6993991.html
|title=A European government has banned Islamic face veils despite them being worn by just three women
|date=21 April 2016
|access-date=2021-03-13
}}

</ref> [[w:Bulgaria]],<ref>

[https://www.smh.com.au/world/bulgaria-the-latest-european-country-to-ban-the-burqa-and-niqab-in-public-places-20160930-grss9q.html Bulgaria the latest European country to ban the burqa and [niqab in public places], Smh.com.au: accessed 5 December 2016.

</ref> [[w:Cameroon]], [[w:Chad]], [[w:Congo-Brazzaville]], [[w:Gabon]], [[w:Netherlands]],<ref>
{{cite news
|last1=Halasz
|first1=Stephanie
|last2=McKenzie
|first2=Sheena
|title=The Netherlands introduces burqa ban in some public spaces
|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/27/europe/netherlands-partial-burqa-ban-intl/index.html
|access-date=2021-03-13
|agency=CNN
|issue=27 June 2018
|publisher=CNN
|date=27 June 2018
}}

</ref> [[w:China]],<ref>
{{cite news
|last1=Phillips
|first1=Tom
|title=China bans burqa in capital of Muslim region of Xinjiang
|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/11342070/China-bans-burqa-in-capital-of-Muslim-region-of-Xinjiang.html
|access-date=2021-03-13
|agency=The Telegraph
|issue=13 January 2015
|newspaper=The Telegraph
|date=13 January 2015
}}

</ref> [[w:Morocco]], and [[w:Switzerland]].|Wikipedia|[[w:Hijab by country]] as of 2021-03-13}}

Taking into consideration these times of industrial disinformation, it is vicious and uncivilized to have laws banning wearing a the full face veil in public.

== Quotes on the current laws and their application ==
{{#lst:Quotes|FinalLineOfDefenseForTheTimeBeing}}

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= Footnotes =
<references group="footnote" />

= 1st seen in =
<references group="1st seen in" />

= References =
<references />

[[Category:In English]]
[[Category:Law]]
[[Category:Antifake]]