Editing Synthetic human-like fakes (section)

== Digital look-alikes ==

{{#ev:youtube|LWLadJFI8Pk|400px|right|It is recommended that you watch ''In Event of Moon Disaster - FULL FILM'' (2020) at the '''[https://moondisaster.org/ moondisaster.org''' project website] (where it has interactive portions) by the [https://virtuality.mit.edu/ Center for Advanced Virtuality] of the [[w:Massachusetts Institute of Technology|w:MIT]]}}


=== Introduction to digital look-alikes ===
[[File:Deb-2000-reflectance-separation.png|thumb|360px|right|Image 1: Separating specular and diffuse reflected light

<br/> <br />

(a) Normal image in dot lighting
<br/><br/> 
(b) Image of the diffuse reflection which is caught by placing a vertical polarizer in front of the light source and a horizontal in the front the camera
<br/><br/> 
(c) Image of the highlight specular reflection which is caught by placing both polarizers vertically
<br/><br/> 
(d) Subtraction of c from b, which yields the specular component
<br/><br/> 
Images are scaled to seem to be the same luminosity.
<br/><br/> 
<small>Original image by Debevec et al. – Copyright ACM 2000 – https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=311779.344855 – Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page.</small>]]

[[File:The-diffuse-reflection-deducted-from-the-specular-reflection-Debevec-2000.png|thumb|left|260px|Subtraction of the diffuse reflection from the specular reflection yields the specular component of the model's reflectance.  
<br /><br />
<small>[[:File:Deb-2000-reflectance-separation.png|Original picture]]  by [[w:Paul Debevec]] et al. - Copyright ACM 2000 https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=311779.344855</small>]]

In the cinemas we have seen digital look-alikes for over 20 years. These digital look-alikes have "clothing" (a simulation of clothing is not clothing) or "superhero costumes" and "superbaddie costumes", and they don't need to care about the laws of physics, let alone laws of physiology. It is generally accepted that digital look-alikes made their public debut in the sequels of The Matrix i.e. [[w:The Matrix Reloaded]] and [[w:The Matrix Revolutions]] released in 2003. It can be considered almost certain, that it was not possible to make these before the year 1999, as the final piece of the puzzle to make a (still) digital look-alike that passes human testing, the [[Glossary#Reflectance capture|reflectance capture]] over the human face, was made for the first time in 1999 at the [[w:University of Southern California]] and was presented to the crème de la crème 
of the computer graphics field in their annual gathering SIGGRAPH 2000.<ref name="Deb2000">
{{cite book
| last = Debevec
| first = Paul
| author-link = Paul Debevec
| chapter = Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face
| journal =
| pages = 145–156
| publisher = ACM
| year = 2000
| chapter-url = http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=344855 
| chapter-format =
| doi = 10.1145/344779.344855
| accessdate =  2020-06-27
| title = Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques - SIGGRAPH '00
| isbn = 978-1581132083
}}</ref>

{{#lst:Quotes|MatrixTrad}}

=== The problems with digital look-alikes ===

Extremely unfortunately for the humankind, organized criminal leagues, that posses the '''weapons capability''' of making believable looking '''synthetic pornography''', are producing on industrial production pipelines '''terroristic synthetic pornography'''<ref group="footnote" name="About the term terroristic synthetic pornography">It is terminologically more precise, more inclusive and more useful to talk about 'terroristic synthetic pornography', if we want to talk about things with their real names, than 'synthetic rape porn', because also synthesizing recordings of consentual looking sex scenes can be terroristic in intent.</ref> by animating digital look-alikes and distributing it in the murky Internet in exchange for money stacks that are getting thinner and thinner as time goes by. 

These industrially produced pornographic delusions are causing great human suffering, especially in their direct victims, but they are also tearing our communities and societies apart, sowing blind rage, perceptions of deepening chaos, feelings of powerlessness and provoke violence. 

These kinds of '''hate illustration''' increases and strengthens hate feeling, hate thinking, hate speech and hate crimes and tears our fragile social constructions apart and with time perverts humankind's view of humankind into an almost unrecognizable shape, unless we interfere with resolve.

'''Children-like sexual abuse images'''

Sadly by 2023 there is a market for synthetic human-like sexual abuse material that looks like children. See [https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-65932372 ''''''Illegal trade in AI child sex abuse images exposed'''''' at bbc.com] 2023-06-28 reports [[w:Stable Diffusion]] being abused to produce this kind of images. The [[w:Internet Watch Foundation]] also reports on the alarming existence of production of synthetic human-like sex abuse material portraying minors. See [https://www.iwf.org.uk/news-media/news/prime-minister-must-act-on-threat-of-ai-as-iwf-sounds-alarm-on-first-confirmed-ai-generated-images-of-child-sexual-abuse/ ''''''Prime Minister must act on threat of AI as IWF ‘sounds alarm’ on first confirmed AI-generated images of child sexual abuse'''''' at iwf.org.uk] (2023-08-18)

=== Fixing the problems from digital look-alikes ===

We need to move on 3 fields: [[Laws against synthesis and other related crimes|legal]], technological and cultural.

'''Technological''': Computer vision system like [[FacePinPoint.com]] for seeking unauthorized pornography / nudes used to exist 2017-2021 and could be revived if funding is found. It was a service practically identical with SSFWIKI original concept [[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]].

'''Legal''': Legislators around the planet have been waking up to this reality that not everything that seems a video of people is a video of people and various laws have been passed to protect humans and humanity from the menaces of synthetic human-like fakes, mostly digital look-alikes so far, but hopefully humans will be protected also fro other aspects of synthetic human-like fakes by laws. See [[Laws against synthesis and other related crimes]]

=== Age analysis and rejuvenating and aging syntheses ===

*  [https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.03750 ''''''An Overview of Two Age Synthesis and Estimation Techniques'''''' at arxiv.org] [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.03750.pdf (.pdf)], submitted for review on 2020-01-26
* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0925231220309942 ''''''Dual Reference Age Synthesis'''''' at sciencedirect.com] [https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.02671.pdf (preprint at arxiv.org)] published on 2020-10-21 in [[w:Neurocomputing (journal)]]
* [https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6084154 ''''''A simple automatic facial aging/rejuvenating synthesis method'''''' at ieeexplore.ieee.org] [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220755281_Automatic_Facial_AgingRejuvenating_Synthesis_Method read free at researchgate.net], published at the proceedings  of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics 
* [https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5406526 ''''''Age Synthesis and Estimation via Faces: A Survey'''''' at ieeexplore.ieee.org] (paywall) [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/46288561_Age_Synthesis_and_Estimation_via_Faces_A_Survey at researchgate.net] published November 2010

=== Temporal limit of digital look-alikes ===
[[File:Institut Lumière - CINEMATOGRAPHE Camera.jpg|thumb|left|120px|A picture of the 1895 [[w:Cinematograph]]]]

[[w:History of film technology]] has information about where the border is.

Digital look-alikes cannot be used to attack people who existed before the technological invention of film. For moving pictures the breakthrough is attributed to [[w:Auguste and Louis Lumière]]'s [[w:Cinematograph]] premiered in Paris on 28 December '''1895''', though this was only the commercial and popular breakthrough, as even earlier moving pictures exist. (adapted from [[w:History of film]])

The '''[[w:Kinetoscope]]''' is an even earlier motion picture exhibition device. A prototype for the Kinetoscope was shown to a convention of the National Federation of Women's Clubs on May 20, 1891.<ref name="memory.loc.gov">

{{cite web
|publisher=[[w:Library of Congress]]
|website=Memory.loc.gov
|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/edhtml/edmvhist.html
|title=Inventing Entertainment: The Early Motion Pictures and Sound Recordings of the Edison Companies
|access-date=2020-12-09
}}

</ref> The first public demonstration of the Kinetoscope was held at the [[w:Brooklyn Museum|Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences]] on '''May 9''', '''1893'''. ([[w:Kinetoscope|Wikipedia]])<ref name="memory.loc.gov"/>


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