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Laws against synthesis and other related crimes: Difference between revisions
Laws against synthesis and other related crimes (edit)
Revision as of 13:02, 20 May 2024
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= EU = | = EU = | ||
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|200px|The EU must address the malicious uses of AI in the law it is planning to regulate AI.]] | [[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|200px|The EU must address the malicious uses of AI in the law it is planning to regulate AI.]] | ||
== Laws in the EU == | |||
=== Digital Services Act === | |||
[https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/digital-services-act-package '''The Digital Services Act''' package at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] [[w:Digital Services Act]] (DSA) came into force in November 2022.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref> | |||
== Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence == | The Artificial Intelligence Act and Digital Services Act together will help in the enforcement of the upcoming protections to shield us from synthesis crimes. | ||
== Bills in the EU == | |||
=== Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence === | |||
The [https://commission.europa.eu/document/28552314-3316-40b4-ae0f-17ff8ab9f43f_en '''''Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at commission.europa.eu] will require, among other things, that member states criminalize non-consensual [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|synthetic digital look-alike]] pornography in their criminal codes. | The [https://commission.europa.eu/document/28552314-3316-40b4-ae0f-17ff8ab9f43f_en '''''Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at commission.europa.eu] will require, among other things, that member states criminalize non-consensual [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|synthetic digital look-alike]] pornography in their criminal codes. | ||
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* [https://futureoflife.org/ai-policy/disrupting-the-deepfake-pipeline-in-europe/ '''''Disrupting the Deepfake Pipeline in Europe''''' at futureoflife.org], 2024-02-22 article on the approach of ''Leveraging corporate criminal liability under the Violence Against Women Directive to safeguard against pornographic deepfake exploitation'' by Alexandra Tsalidis | * [https://futureoflife.org/ai-policy/disrupting-the-deepfake-pipeline-in-europe/ '''''Disrupting the Deepfake Pipeline in Europe''''' at futureoflife.org], 2024-02-22 article on the approach of ''Leveraging corporate criminal liability under the Violence Against Women Directive to safeguard against pornographic deepfake exploitation'' by Alexandra Tsalidis | ||
== Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse == | === Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse === | ||
* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-promoting-our-european-way-of-life/file-combating-child-sexual-abuse-online '''''New legislation to fight child sexual abuse online''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''tabled''. (As of March 2024) | * [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-promoting-our-european-way-of-life/file-combating-child-sexual-abuse-online '''''New legislation to fight child sexual abuse online''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''tabled''. (As of March 2024) | ||
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* [https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/02/06/new-eu-rules-will-criminalise-paedophilia-handbooks-and-deepfakes-of-child-abuse '''''New EU rules will criminalise 'paedophilia handbooks' and deepfakes of child abuse''''' at euronews.com], 2024-02-06 reporting | * [https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/02/06/new-eu-rules-will-criminalise-paedophilia-handbooks-and-deepfakes-of-child-abuse '''''New EU rules will criminalise 'paedophilia handbooks' and deepfakes of child abuse''''' at euronews.com], 2024-02-06 reporting | ||
== Artificial Intelligence Act == | === Artificial Intelligence Act === | ||
The European Union is planning a law on AI called '''[[w:Artificial Intelligence Act]]'''. The European Commission proposed the AI Act in 2021. On Wednesday 2024-03-13 the MEPs adopted this law.<ref> | The European Union is planning a law on AI called '''[[w:Artificial Intelligence Act]]'''. The European Commission proposed the AI Act in 2021. On Wednesday 2024-03-13 the MEPs adopted this law.<ref> | ||
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'''Reporting''' | '''Reporting''' | ||
* [https://www.euractiv.com/section/artificial-intelligence/opinion/the-ai-act-vs-deepfakes-a-step-forward-but-is-it-enough/ '''''The AI Act vs. deepfakes: A step forward, but is it enough?''''' at euractiv.com], 2024-02-26 opinion piece by Cristina Vanberghen | * [https://www.euractiv.com/section/artificial-intelligence/opinion/the-ai-act-vs-deepfakes-a-step-forward-but-is-it-enough/ '''''The AI Act vs. deepfakes: A step forward, but is it enough?''''' at euractiv.com], 2024-02-26 opinion piece by Cristina Vanberghen | ||
== Code of practice on Disinformation 2022 == | == Code of practice on Disinformation 2022 == | ||
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= India = | = India = | ||
[[File:Flag of India.svg|thumb|right|200px|India]] | [[File:Flag of India.svg|thumb|right|200px|India]] | ||
'''Laws in India''' | |||
Laws in India can be accessed through the [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/ '''India Code''' at indiacode.nic.in] | |||
'''[[w:Information Technology Act, 2000]]''' | |||
* Section 66. - '''Computer related offences.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=76&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref> | |||
** Section 66A. - Omitted. Would have been ''Punishment for sending offensive messages through communication service, etc.'' | |||
** Section 66B. - Punishment for dishonestly receiving stolen computer resource or communication device. | |||
** Section 66C. - '''Punishment for identity theft.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=79&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref> | |||
** Section 66D. - '''Punishment for cheating by personation by using computer resource.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=80&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref> | |||
** Section 66E. - '''Punishment for violation of privacy.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=81#:~:text=Whoever%2C%20intentionally%20or%20knowingly%20captures,two%20lakh%20rupees%2C%20or%20with</ref> | |||
** Section 66F. - Punishment for cyber terrorism. | |||
* Section 67. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting obscene material in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=83&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref> | |||
** Section 67A. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material containing sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=84&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref> | |||
** Section 67B. - '''Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material depicting children in sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.'''<ref>https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=null&statehandle=null&actid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077&orderno=85&orgactid=AC_CEN_45_76_00001_200021_1517807324077</ref> | |||
** Section 67C. - Preservation and retention of information by intermediaries. | |||
'''[[w:Information Technology Rules, 2021]]''' | |||
'''Past bills in India''' | |||
* [[w:Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019]] | |||
'''Legal compilations on the legal situation against synthetic filth in India''' | |||
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|tclf 2023}} | * {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|tclf 2023}} | ||
* [https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916 '''''Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture''''' at livelaw.in]<ref name="Livelaw.in 2023"> | * [https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916 '''''Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture''''' at livelaw.in]<ref name="Livelaw.in 2023"> | ||
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}} | }} | ||
</ref> | </ref> | ||
* [https://cybercert.in/indian-cyber-laws/ '''''Cyberlaw in India''''' at cybercert.in] provides a wider look into the Indian Cyber Laws | |||
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== Law against synthesis crimes in the UK == | == Law against synthesis crimes in the UK == | ||
[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|thumb|right|200px|The UK has improved its legislation.]] | [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|thumb|right|200px|The UK has improved its legislation.]] | ||
On Tuesday 2024-04-16 the UK announced that '''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK'''.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com]</ref> This is a very good move and next logical step would be the prohibition of non-consensually possessing other people's appearance models and voice models, as suggested in [[#Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola|Law proposals against synthetic filth by Juho Kunsola]]. There is really no logical reason to allow criminal leagues to legally possess and trade their libraries of models without this acquisition through covert modeling or trading and possession of raw materials (covert models) to produce the disinformation weapons being illegal. | |||
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/16/creating-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-to-be-made-offence-in-uk '''''Creating sexually explicit deepfake images to be made offence in UK''''' at theguardian.com] | |||
=== Online Safety Act 2023 === | === Online Safety Act 2023 === | ||
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Existing law creates a private [[w:Cause of action|w:right of action]] against a person who intentionally distributes a photograph or recorded image of another that exposes the intimate body parts of that person or of a person engaged in a sexual act '''without the person’s consent''' if specified conditions are met. | Existing law creates a private [[w:Cause of action|w:right of action]] against a person who intentionally distributes a photograph or recorded image of another that exposes the intimate body parts of that person or of a person engaged in a sexual act '''without the person’s consent''' if specified conditions are met. | ||
This bill would provide that a '''depicted individual''', as defined, has a '''[[w:cause of action]] against''' a person who either | This bill would provide that a '''depicted individual''', as defined, has a '''[[w:cause of action]] against''' a person who '''either''' | ||
* (1) '''creates''' and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material if the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted''' individual '''did not [[w:consent]]''' to its creation or disclosure or | * (1) '''creates''' and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material if the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted''' individual '''did not [[w:consent]]''' to its creation or disclosure or | ||
* (2) who '''intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create if the person knows the '''depicted''' individual '''did not consent''' to its creation. | * (2) who '''intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create if the person knows the '''depicted''' individual '''did not consent''' to its creation. | ||
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* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/jan/30/taylor-swift-ai-deepfake-nonconsensual-sexual-images-bill '''''Taylor Swift AI images prompt US bill to tackle nonconsensual, sexual deepfakes''''' at theguardian.com] | * [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/jan/30/taylor-swift-ai-deepfake-nonconsensual-sexual-images-bill '''''Taylor Swift AI images prompt US bill to tackle nonconsensual, sexual deepfakes''''' at theguardian.com] | ||
* [https://www.theverge.com/2024/1/30/24056385/congress-defiance-act-proposed-ban-nonconsensual-ai-porn '''''Lawmakers propose anti-nonconsensual AI porn bill after Taylor Swift controversy''''' at theverge.com] | * [https://www.theverge.com/2024/1/30/24056385/congress-defiance-act-proposed-ban-nonconsensual-ai-porn '''''Lawmakers propose anti-nonconsensual AI porn bill after Taylor Swift controversy''''' at theverge.com] | ||
=== US House bill H.R.7123 - Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (118th Congress - 2023-2024) === | |||
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7123/text?s=1&r=3 '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-of-artificial-intelligence/the-terrifying-ai-scam-that-uses-your-loved-ones-voice</ref> | |||
=== US House bill H.R.6943 - No AI FRAUD Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024) === | === US House bill H.R.6943 - No AI FRAUD Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024) === | ||