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[[File:No-synthetic-F.png|thumb|right|260px|link=Main Page|This article is an attempt to track legislation against '''[[synthetic human-like fakes]]''' world-wide.]]
[[File:Screenshot at 27s of a moving digital-look-alike made to appear Obama-like by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed 2018.png|thumb|right|480px|link=Mediatheque/2018/Obama's appearance thieved - a public service announcement digital look-alike by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Obama-like-fake-2018}}]]
[[File:Appearance of Richard Nixon stolen by the Center for Advanced Virtuality of MIT for their awareness raising project In The Event of Moon Disaster 2020 screenshot at 376s.png|thumb|rightr|480px|link=Mediatheque/2020/Nixon's appearance and voice stolen - a public service announcement digital look-alike and sound-alike by MIT's Center for Advanced Virtuality|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Nixon-like-fake-2020}}]]
[[File:Justice scale silhouette, medium.svg|thumb|right|200px|Do you know of a law or jurisdiction that this list does not include? Add it! Or let us know through the chat in the lower-righthand side!]]
This article contains some current laws against abusive uses of synthetic human-like fakes and also information what kind of laws are being prepared and two SSFWIKI original law proposals, [[#Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth|one against digital look-alikes]] and [[#Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice|one against digital sound-alikes]].
This article contains some current laws against abusive uses of synthetic human-like fakes and also information what kind of laws are being prepared and two SSFWIKI original law proposals, [[#Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth|one against digital look-alikes]] and [[#Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice|one against digital sound-alikes]].


= Current laws against synthetic filth =
New laws
* [[#UK|UK]]'s [[#Online Safety Act 2023|Online Safety Act 2023]] has been passed to law and reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.
 
New bills are currently in the works in
* The [[#EU|European Union]] is finalizing a law package to regulate AI called the [[#Artificial Intelligence Act|Artificial Intelligence Act]] and a few other highly relevant legislative efforts.
* [[#Current bills in the USA|US Senate is considering an anti-fake bill and the House is considering several bills]]
* [[#Canada|Canada]] is considering C-27
* [[#China|China]] seems to be planning to ban all synthetic pornography, however consensual its making was
 
Bills that didn't make it
* [[#Canada|Canada's House of Commons]] was considering banning all pornographic content, for which there is no proof-of-age and written consent from everybody visible in the pornographic recording.
* [[#Past bills in the USA|Past bills in the USA]]
 
'''Information elsewhere / legal information compilations''' (recommended)
<section begin=anti-fake-law-compilations/>
* <section begin=responsible.ai 2023/>[https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches '''''A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches''''' at responsible.ai]<ref name="responsible.ai 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches
| title = A Look at Global Deepfake Regulation Approaches
| last = Lawson
| first = Amanda
| date = 2023-04-24
| website = responsible.ai
| publisher = Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> April 2023 compilation and reporting by Amanda Lawson of the Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute.<section end=responsible.ai 2023/>
* <section begin=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>[https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/ '''''The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology''''' at legaljournal.princeton.edu]<ref name="Princeton Legal Journal 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/
| title = The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology
| last = Quirk
| first = Caroline
| date = 2023-06-19
| website = legaljournal.princeton.edu
| publisher = Princeton Legal Journal
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
 
</ref> compilation and reporting by Caroline Quirk. PLJ is Princeton’s only student-run law review.<section end=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>
* <section begin=tech policy press 2023/>[https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/ '''''Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography''''' at techpolicy.press]<ref name="tech policy press 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.techpolicy.press/exploring-legal-approaches-to-regulating-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/
| title = Exploring Legal Approaches to Regulating Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography
| last = Williams
| first = Kaylee
| date = 2023-05-15
| website = techpolicy.press
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> May 2023 compilation and reporting by Kaylee Williams<section end=tech policy press 2023/>
* <section begin=Onfido 2024/>[https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/ '''''Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?''''' at onfido.com]<ref name="Onfido 2024">
{{cite web
| url = https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/
| title = Deepfake laws: is AI outpacing legislation?
| last = Owen
| first = Aled
| date = 2024-02-02
| website = onfido.com
| publisher = Onfido
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> February 2024 summary and compilation by Aled Owen, Director of Global Policy at Onfido (for-profit)<section end=Onfido 2024/>
 
* <section begin=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>[https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html '''''Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?''''' at criminaldefenselawyer.com] <ref name="criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024">
 
{{cite web
| url = https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html
| title = Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?
| last = Pirius
| first = Rebecca
| date = 2024-02-07
| website = Criminaldefenselawyer.com
| publisher = [[w:Nolo (publisher)]]
| access-date = 2024-02-22
| quote =
}}
 
</ref> by Rebecca Pirius is a good bring-together of the current illegality/legality situation in the USA federally and state-wise. Published by [[w:Nolo (publisher)]], updated Feb 2024<section end=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>
 
* <section begin=tclf 2023/>[https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/ '''''Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace''''' at tclf.in]<ref name="tclf 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/
| title = Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace
| last = Rastogi
| first = Janvhi
| date = 2023-10-16
| website = tclf.in
| publisher = The Contemporary Law Forum
| access-date = 2024-02-14
| quote =
}}
</ref> October 2023 compilation and reporting by Janvhi Rastogi, published in the The Contemporary Law Forum.<section end=tclf 2023/>
 
<section end=anti-fake-law-compilations/>
= Canada =
[[File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg|thumb|right|200px|House of Commons of Canada was contemplating banning distribution of all pornography for which there are no consent declarations and proof-of-age for the people depicted.]]
 
The existing Canadian law ban the distribution of non-consensual disclosure of intimate images.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>
 
== Active bills in Canada ==
=== Digital Charter Implementation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-27 ===
[https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/c-27 '''''Digital Charter Implementation Act''''' at parl.ca] or ''An Act to enact the Consumer Privacy Protection Act, the Personal Information and Data Protection Tribunal Act and the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act and to make consequential and related amendments to other Acts''
 
== Past bills in Canada ==
=== Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - House of Commons of Canada bill C-270 ===
 
* [https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading House of Commons of Canada bill '''C-270''' ''''''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'''''' at parl.ca], an act to amend the [[w:Criminal Code (Canada)|Criminal Code]] regarding pornography was first read to the Commons by [[w:Arnold Viersen]] on Thursday 2022-04-28 at 10:15.
 
According to [https://www.townandcountrytoday.com/local-news/mp-submits-private-members-bill-for-second-time-5346232 townandcountrytoday.com] the author of the bill introduced an identical bill '''C-302''' on Thursday 2021-05-27, but that got killed off by oncoming federal elections
 
'''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''' - '''An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)''' is a private member's bill by Arnold Viersen ([https://www.arnoldviersen.ca/ Official Site at arnoldviersen.ca])
 
'''Summary of the C-270 from parl.ca'''
<blockquote>
"''This enactment amends the Criminal Code to prohibit a person from making, distributing or advertising pornographic material for commercial purposes without having first ascertained that, at the time the material was made, '''each person''' whose image is '''depicted''' in the material was '''18 years of age''' or older and '''gave their express consent''' to their image being depicted.''"</blockquote><ref name="Canada C-270">
 
{{cite web
|url=https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading
|title= Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - An Act to amend the Criminal Code (pornographic material)
|last=Viersen
|first=Arnold
|date=2022-04-28
|website=parl.ca
|publisher=[[w:House of Commons of Canada]]
|access-date=2022-10-06
|quote=}}
 
 
</ref>
 
'''Sommaire en français / Summary in French'''
<blockquote>
''Le texte modifie le Code criminel afin d’interdire à toute personne de produire ou de distribuer du matériel pornographique à des fins commerciales, ou d’en faire la publicité, sans s’être au préalable assurée qu’au moment de la production du matériel, '''chaque personne''' dont l’image y est représentée '''était âgée de dix-huit ans''' ou plus et '''avait donné son consentement exprès''' à ce que son image y soit représentée''.</blockquote><ref>Bilingual version of C-270 https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf</ref>
 
'''Links'''
 
* [https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/parl/XB441-270-1.pdf C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' in English et en français at publications.gc.ca]
* [https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/C-270 Parliament of Canada LEGISinfo: C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at parl.ca] in English
* [https://openparliament.ca/bills/44-1/C-270/ C-270 - ''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'' at openparliament.ca] includes motivation of Mr. Arnold Viersen and the co-sponsor of the bill Mr.  Garnett Genuis.
 
 
'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.conservative.ca/mp-viersen-reintroduces-the-stopping-internet-sexual-exploitation-sise-act/ ''MP Viersen reintroduces the Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation (SISE) Act'' at conservative.ca]
 
----
 
= China =
This information should be updated.
[[File:Flag of China.png|thumb|right|200px|China passed a law requiring faked footage to be labeled as such, effective 2020-01-01]]
 
== Law against synthesis crimes in China ==
 
=== Mandatory labeling of fake media in China since 2020 ===
<section begin=China2020 />On Wednesday January 1 2020 Chinese law requiring that synthetically faked footage should bear a clear notice about its fakeness came into effect. Failure to comply could be considered a [[w:crime]] the [[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]] ([http://www.cac.gov.cn/ cac.gov.cn]) stated on its website. China announced this new law in November 2019.<ref name="Reuters2019">
 
{{cite web
| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-technology/china-seeks-to-root-out-fake-news-and-deepfakes-with-new-online-content-rules-idUSKBN1Y30VU
| title = China seeks to root out fake news and deepfakes with new online content rules
| last =
| first =
| date = 2019-11-29
| website = [[w:Reuters.com]]
| publisher = [[w:Reuters]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}
 
</ref> The Chinese government seems to be reserving the right to prosecute both users and [[w:online video platform]]s failing to abide by the rules. <ref name="TheVerge2019">
 
{{cite web
| url = https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/29/20988363/china-deepfakes-ban-internet-rules-fake-news-disclosure-virtual-reality
| title = China makes it a criminal offense to publish deepfakes or fake news without disclosure
| last = Statt
| first = Nick
| date = 2019-11-29
| website =
| publisher = [[w:The Verge]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}
 
</ref>
<section end=China2020 />
 
=== Deep Synthesis Provisions 2023 ===
On Tuesday 2023-01-10 the Deep Synthesis Provisions came into effect. It was originally drafted in 2022 by the '''[[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]]''' as [https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/deep-synthesis-draft/ '''''Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis Internet Information Services''''' (Draft for solicitation of comments) at chinalawtranslate.com] or [http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-01/28/c_1644970458520968.htm view the Chinese language draft '''''国家互联网信息办公室关于《互联网信息服务深度合成管理规定（征求意见稿）》公开征求意见的通知''''' at cac.gov.cn]<ref group="1st seen in">'''Politico AI: Decoded''' mailing list Wednesday 2022-02-02</ref>.
 
'''Reporting'''
* [https://thediplomat.com/2023/03/chinas-new-legislation-on-deepfakes-should-the-rest-of-asia-follow-suit/ '''''China’s New Legislation on Deepfakes: Should the Rest of Asia Follow Suit?''''' at thediplomat.com] March 2023 reporting
----
 
= EU =
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|200px|The EU must address the malicious uses of AI in the law it is planning to regulate AI.]]
== Laws in the EU ==
=== Digital Services Act ===
[https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/digital-services-act-package '''The Digital Services Act''' package at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] [[w:Digital Services Act]] (DSA) came into force in November 2022.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>
 
The Artificial Intelligence Act and Digital Services Act together will help in the enforcement of the upcoming protections to shield us from synthesis crimes.
 
== Bills in the EU ==
=== Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence ===
The [https://commission.europa.eu/document/28552314-3316-40b4-ae0f-17ff8ab9f43f_en '''''Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at commission.europa.eu] will require, among other things, that member states criminalize non-consensual [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|synthetic digital look-alike]] pornography in their criminal codes.
 
'''Official'''
 
* [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52022PC0105 '''''Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu] has the directive text in all languages and various formats
 
* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-new-push-for-european-democracy/file-legislative-proposal-on-gender-based-violence '''''Legislative proposal on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''close to adoption''. (As of March 2024)
 
* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_649 '''''Commission welcomes political agreement on new rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-02-06 press release by the [[w:European Commission]].
 
* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_1533 '''''International Women's Day 2022: Commission proposes EU-wide rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-03-08 press release by the EC.
 
'''Unofficial'''
 
* [https://hateaid.org/en/eu-protects-women-from-digital-violence/ '''''Deepfakes and dick pics: EU protects women from digital violence''''' at hateaid.org], a 2024-02-07 press release by HateAid.org
 
* [https://futureoflife.org/ai-policy/disrupting-the-deepfake-pipeline-in-europe/ '''''Disrupting the Deepfake Pipeline in Europe''''' at futureoflife.org], 2024-02-22 article on the approach of ''Leveraging corporate criminal liability under the Violence Against Women Directive to safeguard against pornographic deepfake exploitation'' by Alexandra Tsalidis
 
=== Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse ===
 
* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-promoting-our-european-way-of-life/file-combating-child-sexual-abuse-online '''''New legislation to fight child sexual abuse online''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''tabled''. (As of March 2024)
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/ '''''Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/timeline-prevention-of-online-child-sexual-abuse/ '''''Timeline - Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu]
 
{{Q|The '''Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse''' ('''Child Sexual Abuse Regulation''', or '''CSAR''') is a [[w:European Union regulation]] proposed by the [[w:European Commissioner for Home Affairs]] [[w:Ylva Johansson]] on 11 May 2022. The stated aim of the legislation is to prevent child sexual abuse online through the implementation of a number of measures, including the establishment of a framework that would make the detection and reporting of child sexual abuse material ([[w:Child pornography|CSAM]]) by digital platforms a legal requirement within the European Union.|Wikipedia as of March 2024|[[w:Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]}}
 
'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/02/06/new-eu-rules-will-criminalise-paedophilia-handbooks-and-deepfakes-of-child-abuse '''''New EU rules will criminalise 'paedophilia handbooks' and deepfakes of child abuse''''' at euronews.com], 2024-02-06 reporting
 
=== Artificial Intelligence Act ===
 
The European Union is planning a law on AI called '''[[w:Artificial Intelligence Act]]'''. The European Commission proposed the AI Act in 2021. On Wednesday 2024-03-13 the MEPs adopted this law.<ref>
 
{{cite web
| url = https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law
| title = Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law
| last =
| first =
| date = 2024-03-13
| website = europarl.europa.eu
| publisher = [[w:European Parliament]]
| access-date = 2024-03-22
| quote = The regulation, agreed in negotiations with member states in December 2023, was endorsed by MEPs with 523 votes in favour, 46 against and 49 abstentions.
}}
 
</ref>
 
* European '''Artificial Intelligence Act''' has been approved by the member countries and is on track to be approved by April 2024.<ref>https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-artificial-intelligence-act-ai-technology-risk-rules/</ref> Read [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206 Proposal for a '''''REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL LAYING DOWN HARMONISED RULES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACT) AND AMENDING CERTAIN UNION LEGISLATIVE ACTS''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu]<ref group="1st seen in">https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/the-act/ via https://futureoflife.org/ newsletter</ref> (also contains translations)
 
* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-europe-fit-for-the-digital-age/file-regulation-on-artificial-intelligence '''''Artificial intelligence act''''' in the Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu]
 
* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law '''''Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a press announcement on the adoption of the Artificial Intelligence Act on Wednesday 2024-03-13.
 
'''Studies and information'''
 
* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/stoa/en/document/EPRS_STU(2021)690039 '''''Tackling deepfakes in European policy''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a 2021 study by the Panel for the Future of Science and Technology and published by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]]. [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/690039/EPRS_STU(2021)690039_EN.pdf View .pdf at europarl.europa.eu]
* [https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/ '''''The EU Artificial Intelligence Act''''' at artificialintelligenceact.eu] is a website promising ''Up-to-date developments and analyses of the EU AI Act'' on the new EU law by the [https://futureoflife.org/ Future of Life Institute], an American non-profit NGO.
 
'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.euractiv.com/section/artificial-intelligence/opinion/the-ai-act-vs-deepfakes-a-step-forward-but-is-it-enough/ '''''The AI Act vs. deepfakes: A step forward, but is it enough?''''' at euractiv.com], 2024-02-26 opinion piece by Cristina Vanberghen
 
== Code of practice on Disinformation 2022 ==
The [https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation '''2022 Code of Practice on Disinformation''' at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] - ''Major online platforms, emerging and specialised platforms, players in the advertising industry, fact-checkers, research and civil society organisations delivered a strengthened Code of Practice on Disinformation following the Commission’s Guidance of May 2021''.<ref>https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation</ref>
 
= Finland =
[[File:Flag of Finland.svg|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|200px|Finland finally updated its laws in 2023 against synthetic filth attacks against adults.]]
[[File:Suomen lippu valokuva.png|thumb|right|alt=An image of a Finnish flag|thumb|255px|Finland strongly criminalized synthetic sexual pictures depicting children in 2011, upon the initiative of the [[w:Vanhanen II Cabinet]]]]
== Laws in Finland ==
=== Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|what-is-it}}
 
=== Finland criminalized synthetic CSAM in 2011 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|history}}
 
----
 
= Germany =
[[File:Flag of Germany.svg|thumb|right|200px|Existing German laws provide protection against appearance theft.]]
* [https://mj-cohen.com/2020/01/03/deepfakes-and-german-law/ '''''Deepfakes and German law''''' at mj-cohen.com], January 2020 summary by Maureen Cohen states that the existing German laws are well equipped rendering non-consensual digital look-alikes illegal.
 
----
= India =
[[File:Flag of India.svg|thumb|right|200px|India]]
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|tclf 2023}}
* [https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916 '''''Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture''''' at livelaw.in]<ref name="Livelaw.in 2023">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.livelaw.in/law-firms/law-firm-articles-/deepfakes-personal-data-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-information-technology-act-242916
| title = Deepfakes And Breach Of Personal Data – A Bigger Picture
| last = Rana
| first = Vikrant
| last2 = Gandhi
| first2 = Anuradha
| last3 = Thakur
| first3 = Rachita
| date = 2023-11-24
| website = livelaw.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-02-21
| quote =
}}
</ref> 2023-11-24 compilation on laws against synthetic fakes in India, by Vikrant Rana, Anuradha Gandhi and Rachita Thakur
* [https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/ '''''What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?''''' at cybercert.in]<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/
| title = What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website = cybercert.in
| publisher =
| access-date = 2024-03-23
| quote = At present, India does not have any law specifically for deep fake cybercrime, but various other laws can be combined to deal with it.
}}
</ref>
* [https://cybercert.in/indian-cyber-laws/ '''''Cyberlaw in India''''' at cybercert.in] provides a wider look into the Indian Cyber Laws
 
'''Laws in India'''
 
'''[[w:Information Technology Act, 2000]]'''
* Section 66D
* Section 66E
 
'''[[w:Information Technology Rules, 2021]]'''
 
'''Past bills in India'''
* [[w:Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019]]
----
 
= Singapore =
[[File:Flag of Singapore.svg|thumb|right|200px|Singapore]]
== Law in Singapore ==
=== Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019 ===
 
[[w:Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> is a [[w:statute]] of the [[w:Parliament of Singapore]] that enables authorities to tackle the spread of [[w:fake news]] or [[w:false information]]. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protection_from_Online_Falsehoods_and_Manipulation_Act_2019&oldid=1134029282 Wikipedia])
 
----
 
= South Africa =
[[File:Flag of the Republic of South Africa.svg|thumb|right|200px|[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 South Africa's relatively new Cybercrimes Act (Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020)] has been enacted only partially on Dec 1 2021]]
 
== Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020 ==
[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 '''South-Africa Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020''' (English / Afrikaans) at gov.za]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref> came only partially into effect on Wednesday 2021-12-01.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref>
 
* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-16-distribution-of-data-message-of-intimate-image/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 16 - Disclosure of data message of intimate image''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] Subsection 1 states <blockquote>''Any person (‘‘A’’) who unlawfully and intentionally discloses, by means of an electronic communications service, a data message of an intimate image of a person (‘‘B’’), without the consent of B, is guilty of an offence.''
</blockquote>
 
* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/section-17-attempting-conspiring-aiding-abetting-inducing-inciting-instigating-instructing-commanding-or-procuring-to-commit-offence/ '''Cybercrimes Act, Chapter 2 Cybercrimes, Section 17 - Attempting, conspiring, aiding, abetting, inducing, inciting, instigating, instructing, commanding or procuring to commit offence''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] states
<blockquote>
Any person who unlawfully and intentionally
# attempts;
# conspires with any other person; or
# aids, abets, induces, incites, instigates, instructs, commands or procures another person, to commit an offence in terms of Part I or Part II of this Chapter, is guilty of an offence and is liable on conviction to the punishment to which a person convicted of actually committing that offence would be liable.
</blockquote>
 
 
'''Links'''
* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/ '''Cybercrimes Act''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] by Accessible Law contains the law in website format
 
'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/ '''''Not all of the cogs in the Cybercrimes Act machine are turning at once — we still remain vulnerable''''' at dailymaverick.co.za]
 
----
= South Korea =
[[File:Flag of South Korea.svg|thumb|right|200px|South Korea has invested heavily in AI research and has also legislation to counter the menaces of synthetic human-like fakes.]]
== Law in South Korea ==
=== ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES ===
[https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawView.do?hseq=40947&lang=ENG '''ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE PUNISHMENT OF SEXUAL CRIMES''' at elaw.klri.re.kr] is a law in South Korea.<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref>
 
----
 
= UK =
* {{#lst:Glossary|UK-Parliament-glossary}}
* {{#lst:Glossary|Law-Society-glossary}}
 
== Law against synthesis crimes in the UK ==
[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|thumb|right|200px|The UK has improved its legislation.]]
 
=== Online Safety Act 2023 ===
[[w:Online Safety Act 2023]] [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2023/50/enacted '''Online Safety Act 2023''' at legislation.gov.uk] received Royal Assent on 2023-10-26<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular</ref> and it reportedly criminalizes non-consensual synthetic pornography.
 
* '''Part 4''' - '''CSEA reporting''' of the Act on CSEA reporting has not yet come into effect as of February 2024.
** Section 66 requires providers of services regulated under the Act to have systems and processes in place (so far as possible) to ensure that they report all detected and unreported CSEA content present on the service to the NCA (National Crime Agency)
** '''Offence in relation to CSEA reporting''' in Section 69
* '''Part 7''' – '''Enforcement offences'''
* '''Part 10''' - '''Communication offences''' establishes
** '''False communications offence''' in Section 179
** '''Threatening communications offence''' in Section 181
** '''Offences of sending or showing flashing images electronically''' in Section 183
** '''Offence of encouraging or assisting serious self-harm''' in Section 184
** '''Sending etc photograph or film of genitals''' in Section 187
** '''Sharing or threatening to share intimate photograph or film''' in Section 188
 
The Online Safety Act 2023 came to be from a House of Lords bill UK's [https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3137 '''HL Bill 151''' - '''''Online Safety Bill''''' at bills.parliament.uk] The bill originated from the House of Commons sessions 2021-22 2022-23.
 
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular/online-safety-act-new-criminal-offences-circular '''''Online Safety Act: new criminal offences circular''''' at gov.uk] published 2024-01-31 - It is a ''circular is issued to inform the police and other relevant public authorities of certain provisions of the Online Safety Act in particular new criminal offences.''
* [https://www.ofcom.org.uk/news-centre/2023/safer-life-online-for-people-in-uk ''Creating a safer life online for people in the UK'' at ofcom.org.uk]
 
* [https://www.gov.uk/guidance/a-guide-to-the-online-safety-bill ''A guide to the Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/online-safety-bill ''Documents, publications and announcements relating to the government's Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]
 
'''Reporting and summaries of the Online Safety Act'''
* [https://www.infolaw.co.uk/newsletter/2023/11/the-online-safety-act-2023-a-primer/ '''''The Online Safety Act 2023: a primer''''' at infolaw.co.uk], a 2023 primer on the Online Safety Act by Alex Heshmaty on 2023-11-29
* [https://www.epra.org/news_items/uk-the-online-safety-act-is-now-law-ofcom-s-powers-as-online-safety-regulator-have-officially-commenced '''''UK: The Online Safety Act is now law; Ofcom’s powers as online safety regulator have officially commenced''''' at epra.org] states that there will three successive implementation phases.
 
=== The Domestic Abuse Act 2021 Chapter 17, part 6 - Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films ===
'''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/contents/enacted Chapter 17] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/enacted Part 6 - ''Offences involving abusive or violent behaviour''] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted ''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films'' - ''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress'']
 
According to the UK-based [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/ '''Revenge Porn Helpline''' at revengepornhelpline.org.uk] article [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/ '''''What to do if someone is threatening to share your intimate images'''''] threats to share intimate images with the intent to cause distress is now an offense in UK law. This is included within the '''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' which was enacted into UK law on 29th June 2021.<ref>https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/</ref>
 
We don't know quite yet if the bug has been fixed, that if the pictures <u>are not pictures of you</u>, but [[synthetic human-like fakes]] the police cannot do anything.
 
'''Links'''
* [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted '''Domestic Abuse Act 2021''' / '''Chapter 17''' / '''Part 6''' / '''''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films''''' - '''''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress''''' at legislation.gov.uk]
 
=== Historical about the UK law against synthesis crimes ===
 
The UK law was not very up-to-date on the issue of synthetic filth until recent improvements.
 
The independent [[w:Law Commission (England and Wales)]] reviewed the law where it applies to taking, making and sharing intimate images without consent. The outcome of the consultation was due to be published later in 2021.<ref name="BBC2021">
 
{{cite web
|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-55546372
|title = 'Deepfake porn images still give me nightmares'
|last = Royle
|first = Sara
|date = 2021-01-05
|website = [[w:BBC Online]]
|publisher = [[w:BBC]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = She alerted the police to the images but was told that no action could be taken. Dr Aislinn O'Connell, a lecturer in law at Royal Holloway University of London, explained that Helen's case fell outside the current law.}}
 
</ref>
 
"In 2019, law expert Dr Aislinn O’Connell told [[w:The Independent]] that our current laws on image sharing are piecemeal and not fit for purpose. In October 2018 The [[w:Women and Equalities Committee]] called on the UK Government to introduce new legislation on image-based sexual abuse in order to '''criminalise ALL''' non-consensual creation and distribution of intimate sexual images."<ref name="MortPetition2020">


== Law on synthetic filth in Virginia 2019 ==
{{cite web
|url = https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images
|title = Change.org petition: 'Tighten regulation on taking, making and faking explicit images'
|last = Mort
|first = Helen
|date = 2020
|website = [[w:Change.org]]
|publisher = [[w:Change.org]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = Unlike other forms of revenge porn, creating pictures or videos like this is not yet illegal in the UK, though it is in some places in the US. The police were unable to help me.}}
 
 
</ref> This call is for similar laws as California put in place on January 1 2020.
 
----
 
= USA =
 
[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|thumb|right|200px|Various US states have enacted state laws aimed against synthetic human-like fakes, but it seems that USA has no federal legislation against this menace, eventhough [[#Past bills in the USA|federal bills have been introduced in the USA]].]]
 
* {{#lst:{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024}}
 
{{#lst:Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes|cybercivilrights.org law compilations}}
 
See also:
* [[#Current bills in the USA|Current bills in the USA]] and [[#Past bills in the USA|past bills in the USA]]
* [https://www.congress.gov/legislative-process/introduction-and-referral-of-bills '''The Legislative Process: Introduction and Referral of Bills (Video)''' at congress.gov]
* {{#lst:Glossary|US-Congress-glossary}}
 
== Law against synthesis crimes in Virginia 2019 ==
=== Code of Virginia § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty ===
=== Code of Virginia § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty ===
[[File:Flag of Virginia.svg|thumb|left|200px|[[w:Virginia]], an avant-garde state. Motto "[[w:Sic semper tyrannis]]"]]
[[File:Flag of Virginia.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Virginia]], an avant-garde state. Motto "[[w:Sic semper tyrannis]]"]]


<section begin=Virginia2019 />[[File:Marcus Simon.jpeg|thumb|right|108px|Homie [[w:Marcus Simon|w:Marcus Simon]] ([http://marcussimon.com/ marcussimon.com]) is a Member of the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] and a true pioneer in legislating against synthetic filth.]] Since July 1 2019<ref>
<section begin=Virginia2019 />[[File:Marcus Simon.jpeg|thumb|right|108px|Homie [[w:Marcus Simon|w:Marcus Simon]] ([http://marcussimon.com/ marcussimon.com]) is a Member of the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] and a true pioneer in legislating against synthetic filth.]] Since July 1 2019<ref>
Line 31: Line 504:


The [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ section '''§ 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''' of Virginia] is as follows:  
The [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ section '''§ 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''' of Virginia] is as follows:  
 
<blockquote>
'''A'''. ''Any [[w:person]] who, with the [[w:Intention (criminal law)|w:intent]] to [[w:coercion|w:coerce]], [[w:harassment|w:harass]], or [[w:intimidation|w:intimidate]], [[w:Malice_(law)|w:malicious]]ly [[w:dissemination|w:disseminates]] or [[w:sales|w:sells]] any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever that [[w:Depiction|w:depicts]] another person who is totally [[w:nudity|w:nude]], or in a state of undress so as to expose the [[w:sex organs|w:genitals]], pubic area, [[w:buttocks]], or female [[w:breast]], where such person knows or has reason to know that he is not [[w:license]]d or [[w:authorization|w:authorized]] to disseminate or sell such [[w:Video|w:videographic]] or [[w:Film still|w:still image]] is [[w:Guilt (law)|w:guilty]] of a Class 1 [[w:Misdemeanor#United States|w:misdemeanor]]. ''
'''A'''. ''Any [[w:person]] who, with the [[w:Intention (criminal law)|w:intent]] to [[w:coercion|w:coerce]], [[w:harassment|w:harass]], or [[w:intimidation|w:intimidate]], [[w:Malice_(law)|w:malicious]]ly [[w:dissemination|w:disseminates]] or [[w:sales|w:sells]] any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever that [[w:Depiction|w:depicts]] another person who is totally [[w:nudity|w:nude]], or in a state of undress so as to expose the [[w:sex organs|w:genitals]], pubic area, [[w:buttocks]], or female [[w:breast]], where such person knows or has reason to know that he is not [[w:license]]d or [[w:authorization|w:authorized]] to disseminate or sell such [[w:Video|w:videographic]] or [[w:Film still|w:still image]] is [[w:Guilt (law)|w:guilty]] of a Class 1 [[w:Misdemeanor#United States|w:misdemeanor]]. ''
::For purposes of this subsection, "another person" includes a person whose image was used in creating, adapting, or modifying a videographic or still image with the intent to depict an actual person and who is recognizable as an actual person by the person's  [[w:face]], [[w:Simulacrum|w:likeness]], or other distinguishing characteristic.''
::For purposes of this subsection, "another person" includes a person whose image was used in creating, adapting, or modifying a videographic or still image with the intent to depict an actual person and who is recognizable as an actual person by the person's  [[w:face]], [[w:Simulacrum|w:likeness]], or other distinguishing characteristic.''
Line 42: Line 515:


The identical bills were [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+HB2678 House Bill 2678] presented by [[w:Delegate (American politics)|w:Delegate]] [[w:Marcus Simon]] to the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] on January 14 2019 and three day later an identical [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+SB1736 Senate bill 1736] was introduced to the [[w:Senate of Virginia]] by Senator [[w:Adam Ebbin]].  
The identical bills were [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+HB2678 House Bill 2678] presented by [[w:Delegate (American politics)|w:Delegate]] [[w:Marcus Simon]] to the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] on January 14 2019 and three day later an identical [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+SB1736 Senate bill 1736] was introduced to the [[w:Senate of Virginia]] by Senator [[w:Adam Ebbin]].  
</blockquote>
<section end=Virginia2019 />
<section end=Virginia2019 />


== Law on synthetic filth in Texas 2019 ==
== Law against synthesis crimes in Texas 2019 ==
=== Texas SB 751 - Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election ===
=== Texas SB 751 - Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election ===
[[File:Flag of Texas.svg|thumb|left|200px|[[w:Texas]], the Lone Star State has protected the political candidates, but not ordinary folk against synthetic filth.]]
[[File:Flag of Texas.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:Texas]], the Lone Star State has protected the political candidates, but not ordinary folk against synthetic filth.]]


<section begin=Texas2019 />On September 1 2019 [[w:Texas Senate]] bill [https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/86R/billtext/html/SB00751F.htm '''SB 751''' - '''''Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election'''''] [[w:amendment]]s to the election code came into effect in the [[w:Law of Texas]], giving [[w:candidates]] in [[w:elections]] a '''30-day protection period''' to the elections during which making and distributing digital look-alikes or synthetic fakes of the candidates is an offense. The law text defines the subject of the law as "''a  video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality''"<ref name="TexasSB751">
<section begin=Texas2019 />On September 1 2019 [[w:Texas Senate]] bill [https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/86R/billtext/html/SB00751F.htm '''SB 751''' - '''''Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election'''''] [[w:amendment]]s to the election code came into effect in the [[w:Law of Texas]], giving [[w:candidates]] in [[w:elections]] a '''30-day protection period''' to the elections during which making and distributing digital look-alikes or synthetic fakes of the candidates is an offense. The law text defines the subject of the law as "''a  video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality''"<ref name="TexasSB751">
Line 66: Line 540:


The text of '''S.B. No. 751''' is as follows
The text of '''S.B. No. 751''' is as follows
 
<blockquote>
'''''AN ACT relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election.'''''
'''''AN ACT relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election.'''''


Line 77: Line 551:
* ('''e''')  ''In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the '''intent to deceive''', that '''appears to depict''' a real person performing an action that '''did not occur''' in '''reality'''.''
* ('''e''')  ''In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the '''intent to deceive''', that '''appears to depict''' a real person performing an action that '''did not occur''' in '''reality'''.''
SECTION 2.  ''This Act takes effect September 1, 2019.''
SECTION 2.  ''This Act takes effect September 1, 2019.''
 
</blockquote>
----
----


* [[w:Texas Legislature]]
* [[w:Texas Legislature]]


== Law on synthetic filth in California 2020 ==
== Law against synthesis crimes in California 2020 ==
=== California AB-602 - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action ===
=== California AB-602 - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action ===
[[File:Flag of California.svg|thumb|left|200px|[[w:California]] moved later than Virginia, but it outlawed also the manufacture of synthetic filth on Jan 1 2020.]]
[[File:Flag of California.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[w:California]] moved later than Virginia, but it outlawed also the manufacture of synthetic filth on Jan 1 2020.]]


<section begin=California2020 />[[File:Marc Berman.jpg|thumb|120px|right|Homie [[w:Marc Berman|w:Marc Berman]], a righteous fighter for our human rights in this age of industrial disinformation filth and an Assemblymember of the [[w:California State Assembly]], most loved for authoring [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 '''AB-602''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''], which came into effect on Jan 1 2020, banning both the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted.]] January 1 2020 <ref name="KFI2019">
<section begin=California2020 />[[File:Marc Berman.jpg|thumb|120px|right|Homie [[w:Marc Berman|w:Marc Berman]], a righteous fighter for our human rights in this age of industrial disinformation filth and an Assemblymember of the [[w:California State Assembly]], most loved for authoring [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 '''AB-602''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''], which came into effect on Jan 1 2020, banning both the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted.]] January 1 2020 <ref name="KFI2019">
Line 136: Line 610:
Existing law creates a private [[w:Cause of action|w:right of action]] against a person who intentionally distributes a photograph or recorded image of another that exposes the intimate body parts of that person or of a person engaged in a sexual act '''without the person’s consent''' if specified conditions are met.
Existing law creates a private [[w:Cause of action|w:right of action]] against a person who intentionally distributes a photograph or recorded image of another that exposes the intimate body parts of that person or of a person engaged in a sexual act '''without the person’s consent''' if specified conditions are met.


This bill would provide that a '''depicted individual''', as defined, has a '''[[w:cause of action]] against''' a person who either  
This bill would provide that a '''depicted individual''', as defined, has a '''[[w:cause of action]] against''' a person who '''either'''
* (1) '''creates''' and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material if the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted''' individual '''did not [[w:consent]]''' to its creation or disclosure or  
* (1) '''creates''' and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material if the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted''' individual '''did not [[w:consent]]''' to its creation or disclosure or  
* (2) who '''intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create if the person knows the '''depicted''' individual '''did not consent''' to its creation.
* (2) who '''intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create if the person knows the '''depicted''' individual '''did not consent''' to its creation.
Line 146: Line 620:


'''The law is as follows''':
'''The law is as follows''':
 
<blockquote>
SECTION 1. Section 1708.86 is added to the [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codesTOCSelected.xhtml?tocCode=CIV&tocTitle=+Civil+Code+-+CIV Civil Code of California], to read:
SECTION 1. Section 1708.86 is added to the [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codesTOCSelected.xhtml?tocCode=CIV&tocTitle=+Civil+Code+-+CIV Civil Code of California], to read:


Line 208: Line 682:


('''g''') The provisions of this section are severable. If any provision of this section or its application is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions.
('''g''') The provisions of this section are severable. If any provision of this section or its application is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions.
 
</blockquote>
<ref name="CaliforniaStateLaw AB 602">
<ref name="CaliforniaStateLaw AB 602">
{{Citation
{{Citation
Line 230: Line 704:
* [[w:California State Legislature]]
* [[w:California State Legislature]]


== Law on synthetic filth in China 2020 ==
== Law against synthesis crimes in Georgia in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of China.png|thumb|left|200px|China passed a law requiring faked footage to be labeled as such]]
[[File:Flag of Georgia (U.S. state) II.png|thumb|right|200px|Georgia's motto is ''"Wisdom, Justice, Moderation"'' and one could say it is well manifested in how their law against synthetic filth [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html '''GA CODE § 16-11-90'''] is thought out and written.]]
 
<section begin=China2020 />On January 1 2020 Chinese law requiring that synthetically faked footage should bear a clear notice about its fakeness came into effect. Failure to comply could be considered a [[w:crime]] the [[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]] ([http://www.cac.gov.cn/ cac.gov.cn]) stated on its website. China announced this new law in November 2019.<ref name="Reuters2019">
 
{{cite web
| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-technology/china-seeks-to-root-out-fake-news-and-deepfakes-with-new-online-content-rules-idUSKBN1Y30VU
| title = China seeks to root out fake news and deepfakes with new online content rules
| last =
| first =
| date = 2019-11-29
| website = [[w:Reuters.com]]
| publisher = [[w:Reuters]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}
 
</ref> The Chinese government seems to be reserving the right to prosecute both users and [[w:online video platform]]s failing to abide by the rules. <ref name="TheVerge2019">
 
{{cite web
| url = https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/29/20988363/china-deepfakes-ban-internet-rules-fake-news-disclosure-virtual-reality
| title = China makes it a criminal offense to publish deepfakes or fake news without disclosure
| last = Statt
| first = Nick
| date = 2019-11-29
| website =
| publisher = [[w:The Verge]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}
 
</ref>
 
<section end=China2020 />
 
== Law on synthetic filth in Georgia in 2021 ==
=== Georgia Code § 16-11-90 ===
=== Georgia Code § 16-11-90 ===


'''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/ Georgia Code]''' / '''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ Title 16. Crimes and Offenses]''' [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html Chapter 11 "Offenses Against Public Order and Safety", Article 3 "Invasions of Privacy", Part 3 "Invasion of privacy" '''GA CODE § 16-11-90''']
'''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/ Georgia Code]''' / '''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ Title 16. Crimes and Offenses]''' [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html Chapter 11 "Offenses Against Public Order and Safety", Article 3 "Invasions of Privacy", Part 3 "Invasion of privacy" '''GA CODE § 16-11-90''']
<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list">https://accsstaging.com/ccri/deep-fake-laws/</ref>
<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list">https://cybercivilrights.org/deep-fake-laws/</ref>


'''The law is''' as of April 14, 2021<ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com" /> as follows:
'''The law is''' as of April 14, 2021<ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com" /> as follows:
 
<blockquote>
('''a''') As used in this Code section, the term:
('''a''') As used in this Code section, the term:


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('''f''') There shall be a rebuttable presumption that an information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server, including specifically a service or system that provides access to the Internet, for content provided by another person, does not know the content of an electronic transmission or post.
('''f''') There shall be a rebuttable presumption that an information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server, including specifically a service or system that provides access to the Internet, for content provided by another person, does not know the content of an electronic transmission or post.


('''g''') Any violation of this Code section shall constitute a separate offense and shall not merge with any other crimes set forth in this title.<ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com">
('''g''') Any violation of this Code section shall constitute a separate offense and shall not merge with any other crimes set forth in this title.</blockquote><ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com">


{{cite web
{{cite web
Line 332: Line 774:
</ref>
</ref>


== Law on synthetic filth in New York State in 2021 ==
== Law against synthesis crimes in New York State in 2021 ==
[[File:Flag of New York.svg|thumb|right|200px|New York State]]
=== New York State - CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy SECTION 52-C - Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual ===
=== New York State - CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy SECTION 52-C - Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual ===
[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/-CH6 '''CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights'''] [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/A5 '''ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual '''SECTION 52-C''' - '''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual''']<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list" />
[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/-CH6 '''CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights'''] [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/A5 '''ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual '''SECTION 52-C''' - '''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual''']<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list" />


'''The law is as follows:'''
'''The law is as follows:'''
 
<blockquote>
<big>'''§ 52-c''' - '''''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual.''''' </big><sup>Obs: There are 2 § 52-c's</sup>
<big>'''§ 52-c''' - '''''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual.''''' </big><sup>Obs: There are 2 § 52-c's</sup>
   
   
Line 385: Line 828:


'''10.''' Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit, or to enlarge, the protections that 47 U.S.C. § 230 confers on an interactive
'''10.''' Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit, or to enlarge, the protections that 47 U.S.C. § 230 confers on an interactive
computer service for content provided by another information content provider, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. § 230.<ref name="New York State Civil Rights CHAPTER 6, ARTICLE 5, SECTION 52-C">
computer service for content provided by another information content provider, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. § 230.</blockquote><ref name="New York State Civil Rights CHAPTER 6, ARTICLE 5, SECTION 52-C">


{{cite web
{{cite web
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</ref>
</ref>


----
== Current bills in the USA ==
 
= Action needed =
 
== EU Law on AI 20?? ==
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|left|200px|The EU must address the malicious uses of AI in the law it is planning to regulate AI.]]
The European Union is planning a law on AI
 
* Read [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206 Proposal for a '''''REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL LAYING DOWN HARMONISED RULES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACT) AND AMENDING CERTAIN UNION LEGISLATIVE ACTS''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu]<ref group="1st seen in">https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/the-act/ via https://futureoflife.org/ newsletter</ref> (also contains translations)
 
* https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/ is a website on the planned law by the [https://futureoflife.org/ Future of Life Institute], an American non-profit NGO.
 
== Law on synthetic filth in the UK 20?? ==
[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|thumb|left|200px|The UK needs to improve its legislation. Please [https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images sign the petition initiated by Helen Mort] in late 2020.]]
[[File:Helen Mort (2014).jpg|thumb|right|245px|[[w:Helen Mort]] is a British poet, novelist and activist against [[synthetic human-like fakes]]. Please sign the petition [https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images ''''''Tighten regulation on taking, making and faking explicit images'''''' at Change.org] originated by her and to be delivered to the [[w:Law Commission (England and Wales)]] and the prime minister.]]
 
The UK law does not seem very up-to-date on the issue of synthetic filth.


The independent [[w:Law Commission (England and Wales)]] is currently reviewing the law as it applies to taking, making and sharing intimate images without consent. The outcome of the consultation is due to be published later in 2021.<ref name="BBC2021">
=== US Senate bill S. 3696 - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images and Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024 (DEFIANCE Act of 2024) (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3696/text '''''S.3696 - DEFIANCE Act of 2024''''' at congress.gov], a bipartisan Senate bill against synthetic filth.


{{cite web
* [https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record/volume-170/issue-17/senate-section/article/S289-2 '''''Introductory Statement on S. 3696; Congressional Record Vol. 170, No. 17''''' at congress.gov] 2024-01-30
|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-55546372
* [https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/press/releases/durbin-graham-klobuchar-hawley-introduce-defiance-act-to-hold-accountable-those-responsible-for-the-proliferation-of-nonconsensual-sexually-explicit-deepfake-images-and-videos '''''Durbin, Graham, Klobuchar, Hawley Introduce DEFIANCE Act to Hold Accountable Those Responsible for the Proliferation of Nonconsensual, Sexually-Explicit “Deepfake” Images and Videos''''' at judiciary.senate.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>
|title = 'Deepfake porn images still give me nightmares'
* [https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118s3696is '''''S. 3696 (IS) - Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024''''' at govinfo.gov]
|last = Royle
* [https://www.durbin.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/defiance_act_of_2024.pdf '''DEFIANCE Act of 2024''' at durbin.senate.gov] explains that it would create ''a federal civil remedy for victims who are identifiable in a “digital forgery"''.
|first = Sara
|date = 2021-01-05
|website = [[w:BBC Online]]
|publisher = [[w:BBC]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = She alerted the police to the images but was told that no action could be taken. Dr Aislinn O'Connell, a lecturer in law at Royal Holloway University of London, explained that Helen's case fell outside the current law.}}


</ref>
'''Reporting and commentary on DEFIANCE Act of 2024 bill'''
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/jan/30/taylor-swift-ai-deepfake-nonconsensual-sexual-images-bill '''''Taylor Swift AI images prompt US bill to tackle nonconsensual, sexual deepfakes''''' at theguardian.com]
* [https://www.theverge.com/2024/1/30/24056385/congress-defiance-act-proposed-ban-nonconsensual-ai-porn '''''Lawmakers propose anti-nonconsensual AI porn bill after Taylor Swift controversy''''' at theverge.com]


"In 2019, law expert Dr Aislinn O’Connell told [[w:The Independent]] that our current laws on image sharing are piecemeal and not fit for purpose. In October 2018 The [[w:Women and Equalities Committee]] called on the UK Government to introduce new legislation on image-based sexual abuse in order to '''criminalise ALL''' non-consensual creation and distribution of intimate sexual images."<ref name="MortPetition2020">
=== US House bill H.R.7123 - Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
 
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7123/text?s=1&r=3 '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-of-artificial-intelligence/the-terrifying-ai-scam-that-uses-your-loved-ones-voice</ref>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images
|title = Change.org petition: 'Tighten regulation on taking, making and faking explicit images'
|last = Mort
|first = Helen
|date = 2020
|website = [[w:Change.org]]
|publisher = [[w:Change.org]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = Unlike other forms of revenge porn, creating pictures or videos like this is not yet illegal in the UK, though it is in some places in the US. The police were unable to help me.}}


=== US House bill H.R.6943 - No AI FRAUD Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6943/text '''No Artificial Intelligence Fake Replicas And Unauthorized Duplications Act of 2024''' or the ('''No AI FRAUD Act''') at congress.gov] was introduced to the 118th Congress 2nd session on 2024-01-24.<ref group="1st seen in">https://onfido.com/blog/deepfake-law/</ref>


</ref> This call is for similar laws as California put in place on January 1 2020.
=== US House bill H.R.5586 - Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023 (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5586/text “Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2023” or the “DEEPFAKES Accountability Act” at congress.gov] is a reintroduction of earlier House bill H.R.3230 to the 118th Congress (2023-2024 session)


The petition [https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images ''''''Tighten regulation on taking, making and faking explicit images'''''' at Change.org] by [[w:Helen Mort]] aims to petition the UK govt for proper legislation against synthetic filth. See the [[mediatheque]] for a video by Helen Mort on her ordeal of becoming the victim of covert disinformation attacks.
=== US House bill H.R. 3106 - Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024) ===
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3106/text '''''Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act''''' at congress.gov] was introduced in the House on 2023-05-05. It was [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/9631 a reintroduction of H.R. 9631 from the 117th Congress].


{{#lst:Mediatheque|HelenMort2020}}
=== NY Senate bill S5583 in the 2023-2024 regular session ===
[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S5583 '''NY Senate bill S5583 in the 2023-2024 regular session''' at nysenate.gov] would establish ''the crime of aggravated harassment by means of electronic or digital communication and provides for a private right of action for the unlawful dissemination or publication of deep fakes''.


== Past bills in the USA ==


= Bills in the works =
=== US Senate bill S1641 - Preventing Rampant Online Technological Exploitation and Criminal Trafficking Act of 2022 - (117th Congress) ===
The bill known as [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/4991/text?r=4&s=1 Senate bill '''S.4991''' - ''''''PROTECT Act'''''' at congress.gov] was read by Senator [[w:Mike Lee]] on Wednesday 2022-09-28 twice.


== Draft bill against synthetic human-like fakes China 2022 ==
=== New York Senate bill - Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material - in regular session 2021-2022 ===
* [https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/deep-synthesis-draft/ '''''Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis Internet Information Services''''' (Draft for solicitation of comments) at chinalawtranslate.com] or [http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-01/28/c_1644970458520968.htm view the Chinese language draft '''''国家互联网信息办公室关于《互联网信息服务深度合成管理规定（征求意见稿）》公开征求意见的通知''''' at cac.gov.cn]<ref group="1st seen in">'''Politico AI: Decoded''' mailing list Wednesday 2022-02-02</ref>
[[File:Flag of New York (1909–2020).png|thumb|right|200px|[[w:New York State Legislature]] regular session 2021-2022 is contemplating the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York senate bill '''S1641'''] and identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 assembly bill '''A6517'''] to ban sending unsolicited pornography.]]


== Law on synthetic filth in New York 20?? ==
Bill '''''Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material'''''' is essentially a bill that aims to ban sending unsolicited nudes.
[[File:Flag of New York (1909–2020).png|thumb|left|200px|[[w:New York State Legislature]] regular session 2021-2022 is contemplating the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York senate bill '''S1641'''] and identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 assembly bill '''A6517'''] to ban sending unsolicited pornography.]]


In the 2021-2022 [[w:New York State Senate]] regular sessions, on 2021-01-14 Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored and Senators [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) and [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] of the New York State Senate co-sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law]. On 2021-03-19 an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] was introduced to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] by Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]).<ref group="1st seen in">
In the 2021-2022 [[w:New York State Senate]] regular sessions, on 2021-01-14 Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored and Senators [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) and [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] of the New York State Senate co-sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law]. On 2021-03-19 an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] was introduced to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] by Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]).<ref group="1st seen in">
Line 505: Line 925:
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Nopic.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law].
File:Nopic.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law].
File:BrianBenjaminFlag.jpg|thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) is a cosponsor of S1641
File:LIRR Elmont, Brian Benjamin (cropped).jpg|thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Todd_Kaminsky_Head_Shot.jpg||thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Todd_Kaminsky_Head_Shot.jpg||thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] is a cosponsor of S1641
File:Aileen_Gunther.jpg|thumb|260px|NY Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]) presented an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] on 2021-03-19.
File:Aileen_Gunther.jpg|thumb|260px|NY Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]) presented an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] on 2021-03-19.
* [[w:New York State Legislature]]
* [[w:New York State Legislature]]
</gallery>
</gallery>
=== US Senate bill - Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act - 2019-2020 US Senate session (116th Congress) ===
The Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act (SISE) was a bill introduced to the 2019-2020 session of the US Senate.
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/5054?r=1&s=1 US Senate Bill ''''''S.5054''' - '''Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''''' at congress.gov]
=== US House bill - H.R.3230 - DEEP FAKES Accountability Act (116th Congress) ===
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230/text '''H.R.3230''' - '''''DEEP FAKES Accountability Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> also known as ''Defending Each and Every Person from False Appearances by Keeping Exploitation Subject to Accountability Act of 2019'' and it aimed to include requirements for producers of synthetic human-like fakes '' to generally comply with certain [[w:Digital watermarking|w:digital watermark]] and disclosure requirements''.<ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3230</ref>
=== US Senate bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress) ===
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/3805/text '''S.3805''' - '''''Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry">
Chatting with ChatGPT 2023
* First I asked ChatGPT to "''list some legislative approaches against so-called "deep fakes" or "deepfakes"''" and it mentioned the Singaporean [[#Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]] and the [[#Bill - Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018 (115th Congress)]]
</ref> aimed at criminalizing synthesizing human-likeness media for intent of breaking federal, state, local or tribal law
----




Line 623: Line 1,061:


''' From Europe'''
''' From Europe'''
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|left|180px|The [[w:European Union]]'s [[w:European Parliament|Parliament]]'s [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] on [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives].]]
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|180px|The [[w:European Union]]'s [[w:European Parliament|Parliament]]'s [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] on [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives].]]
* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf ''''''The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives'''''' (.pdf) at europarl.europa.eu], a March 2020 study by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] Starting from page 37 the .pdf lists organizations in the field.
* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf ''''''The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives'''''' (.pdf) at europarl.europa.eu], a March 2020 study by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] Starting from page 37 the .pdf lists organizations in the field.


Line 631: Line 1,069:
* [https://ssri.duke.edu/news/don%E2%80%99t-believe-your-eyes-or-ears-weaponization-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-and ''''''Don’t Believe Your Eyes (or Ears): The Weaponization of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deepfakes'''''' at ssri.duke.edu], an October 2019 news article by Joe Littell, published by the Social Science Research Institute at the [[w:Duke University]]  
* [https://ssri.duke.edu/news/don%E2%80%99t-believe-your-eyes-or-ears-weaponization-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-and ''''''Don’t Believe Your Eyes (or Ears): The Weaponization of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deepfakes'''''' at ssri.duke.edu], an October 2019 news article by Joe Littell, published by the Social Science Research Institute at the [[w:Duke University]]  
* [https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/dltr/vol17/iss1/4/ ''''''Deepfakes: False Pornography Is Here and the Law Cannot Protect You'''''' at scholarship.law.duke.edu], published in 2019 in the [[w:Duke Law Journal|Duke Law Journal]], a student-run law review.
* [https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/dltr/vol17/iss1/4/ ''''''Deepfakes: False Pornography Is Here and the Law Cannot Protect You'''''' at scholarship.law.duke.edu], published in 2019 in the [[w:Duke Law Journal|Duke Law Journal]], a student-run law review.
* [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-20/deepfake-porn-political-ads-push-states-to-curb-rampant-ai-use '''''States Are Rushing to Regulate Deepfakes as AI Goes Mainstream''''' at bloomberg.com] (paywalled), June 2023 reporting on US legislation against synthetic human-like fakes. It lists CA, WA, WY, MN, TX, GA and VA as having anti-deepfake laws and lists LA, IL, MA and NJ as planning to legislate.


== The countries that have unfortunately banned full face veil ==
== The countries that have unfortunately banned full face veil ==
Line 703: Line 1,142:
= References =
= References =
<references />
<references />
[[Category:In English]]
[[Category:Law]]
[[Category:Antifake]]
Retrieved from "https://stop-synthetic-filth.org/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/4068...5040"