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Laws against synthesis and other related crimes: Difference between revisions
Laws against synthesis and other related crimes (edit)
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[[File:No-synthetic-F.png|thumb|right|260px|This article is an attempt to track legislation against synthetic human-like fakes world-wide.]] | [[File:No-synthetic-F.png|thumb|right|260px|link=Main Page|This article is an attempt to track legislation against '''[[synthetic human-like fakes]]''' world-wide.]] | ||
[[File:Screenshot at 27s of a moving digital-look-alike made to appear Obama-like by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed 2018.png|thumb|right|480px|link=Mediatheque/2018/Obama's appearance thieved - a public service announcement digital look-alike by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Obama-like-fake-2018}}]] | |||
[[File:Appearance of Richard Nixon stolen by the Center for Advanced Virtuality of MIT for their awareness raising project In The Event of Moon Disaster 2020 screenshot at 376s.png|thumb|rightr|480px|link=Mediatheque/2020/Nixon's appearance and voice stolen - a public service announcement digital look-alike and sound-alike by MIT's Center for Advanced Virtuality|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Nixon-like-fake-2020}}]] | |||
[[File:Justice scale silhouette, medium.svg|thumb|right|200px|Do you know of a law or jurisdiction that this list does not include? Add it! Or let us know through the chat in the lower-righthand side!]] | [[File:Justice scale silhouette, medium.svg|thumb|right|200px|Do you know of a law or jurisdiction that this list does not include? Add it! Or let us know through the chat in the lower-righthand side!]] | ||
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New bills are currently in the works in | New bills are currently in the works in | ||
* The [[#EU|European Union]] is finalizing a law package to regulate AI | * The [[#EU|European Union]] is finalizing a law package to regulate AI called the [[#Artificial Intelligence Act|Artificial Intelligence Act]] and a few other highly relevant legislative efforts. | ||
* [[#Current bills in the USA|US Senate is considering | * [[#Current bills in the USA|US Senate is considering an anti-fake bill and the House is considering several bills]] | ||
* [[#Canada|Canada]] is considering C-27 | |||
* [[#China|China]] seems to be planning to ban all synthetic pornography, however consensual its making was | * [[#China|China]] seems to be planning to ban all synthetic pornography, however consensual its making was | ||
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| quote = | | quote = | ||
}} | }} | ||
</ref> April 2023 compilation and reporting by Amanda Lawson.<section end=responsible.ai 2023/> | </ref> April 2023 compilation and reporting by Amanda Lawson of the Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute.<section end=responsible.ai 2023/> | ||
* <section begin=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>[https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/ '''''The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology''''' at legaljournal.princeton.edu]<ref name="Princeton Legal Journal 2023"> | * <section begin=Princeton Legal Journal 2023/>[https://legaljournal.princeton.edu/the-high-stakes-of-deepfakes-the-growing-necessity-of-federal-legislation-to-regulate-this-rapidly-evolving-technology/ '''''The High Stakes of Deepfakes: The Growing Necessity of Federal Legislation to Regulate This Rapidly Evolving Technology''''' at legaljournal.princeton.edu]<ref name="Princeton Legal Journal 2023"> | ||
{{cite web | {{cite web | ||
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</ref> February 2024 summary and compilation by Aled Owen, Director of Global Policy at Onfido (for-profit)<section end=Onfido 2024/> | </ref> February 2024 summary and compilation by Aled Owen, Director of Global Policy at Onfido (for-profit)<section end=Onfido 2024/> | ||
* <section begin=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>[https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html '''''Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?''''' at criminaldefenselawyer.com] is a good | * <section begin=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/>[https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html '''''Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal?''''' at criminaldefenselawyer.com] <ref name="criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024"> | ||
{{cite web | |||
| url = https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/is-deepfake-pornography-illegal.html | |||
| title = Is Deepfake Pornography Illegal? | |||
| last = Pirius | |||
| first = Rebecca | |||
| date = 2024-02-07 | |||
| website = Criminaldefenselawyer.com | |||
| publisher = [[w:Nolo (publisher)]] | |||
| access-date = 2024-02-22 | |||
| quote = | |||
}} | |||
</ref> by Rebecca Pirius is a good bring-together of the current illegality/legality situation in the USA federally and state-wise. Published by [[w:Nolo (publisher)]], updated Feb 2024<section end=criminaldefenselawyer.com 2024/> | |||
* <section begin=tclf 2023/>[https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/ '''''Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace''''' at tclf.in]<ref name="tclf 2023"> | * <section begin=tclf 2023/>[https://tclf.in/2023/10/16/deepfake-pornography-a-legal-and-ethical-menace/ '''''Deepfake Pornography: A Legal and Ethical Menace''''' at tclf.in]<ref name="tclf 2023"> | ||
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= EU = | = EU = | ||
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|200px|The EU must address the malicious uses of AI in the law it is planning to regulate AI.]] | [[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|200px|The EU must address the malicious uses of AI in the law it is planning to regulate AI.]] | ||
The European Union is planning a law on AI called [[w:Artificial Intelligence Act]]. The European Commission proposed the AI Act in 2021. | == Laws in the EU == | ||
=== Digital Services Act === | |||
[https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/digital-services-act-package '''The Digital Services Act''' package at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] [[w:Digital Services Act]] (DSA) came into force in November 2022.<ref>https://www.responsible.ai/post/a-look-at-global-deepfake-regulation-approaches</ref> | |||
The Artificial Intelligence Act and Digital Services Act together will help in the enforcement of the upcoming protections to shield us from synthesis crimes. | |||
== Bills in the EU == | |||
=== Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence === | |||
The [https://commission.europa.eu/document/28552314-3316-40b4-ae0f-17ff8ab9f43f_en '''''Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at commission.europa.eu] will require, among other things, that member states criminalize non-consensual [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|synthetic digital look-alike]] pornography in their criminal codes. | |||
'''Official''' | |||
* [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52022PC0105 '''''Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu] has the directive text in all languages and various formats | |||
* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-new-push-for-european-democracy/file-legislative-proposal-on-gender-based-violence '''''Legislative proposal on combating violence against women and domestic violence''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''close to adoption''. (As of March 2024) | |||
* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_649 '''''Commission welcomes political agreement on new rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-02-06 press release by the [[w:European Commission]]. | |||
* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_1533 '''''International Women's Day 2022: Commission proposes EU-wide rules to combat violence against women and domestic violence''''' at ec.europa.eu], a 2024-03-08 press release by the EC. | |||
'''Unofficial''' | |||
* [https://hateaid.org/en/eu-protects-women-from-digital-violence/ '''''Deepfakes and dick pics: EU protects women from digital violence''''' at hateaid.org], a 2024-02-07 press release by HateAid.org | |||
* [https://futureoflife.org/ai-policy/disrupting-the-deepfake-pipeline-in-europe/ '''''Disrupting the Deepfake Pipeline in Europe''''' at futureoflife.org], 2024-02-22 article on the approach of ''Leveraging corporate criminal liability under the Violence Against Women Directive to safeguard against pornographic deepfake exploitation'' by Alexandra Tsalidis | |||
=== Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse === | |||
* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-promoting-our-european-way-of-life/file-combating-child-sexual-abuse-online '''''New legislation to fight child sexual abuse online''''' Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] lists this EU bill as ''tabled''. (As of March 2024) | |||
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/ '''''Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu] | |||
* [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-online/timeline-prevention-of-online-child-sexual-abuse/ '''''Timeline - Prevention of online child sexual abuse''''' at consilium.europa.eu] | |||
{{Q|The '''Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse''' ('''Child Sexual Abuse Regulation''', or '''CSAR''') is a [[w:European Union regulation]] proposed by the [[w:European Commissioner for Home Affairs]] [[w:Ylva Johansson]] on 11 May 2022. The stated aim of the legislation is to prevent child sexual abuse online through the implementation of a number of measures, including the establishment of a framework that would make the detection and reporting of child sexual abuse material ([[w:Child pornography|CSAM]]) by digital platforms a legal requirement within the European Union.|Wikipedia as of March 2024|[[w:Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse]]}} | |||
'''Reporting''' | |||
* [https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/02/06/new-eu-rules-will-criminalise-paedophilia-handbooks-and-deepfakes-of-child-abuse '''''New EU rules will criminalise 'paedophilia handbooks' and deepfakes of child abuse''''' at euronews.com], 2024-02-06 reporting | |||
=== Artificial Intelligence Act === | |||
The European Union is planning a law on AI called '''[[w:Artificial Intelligence Act]]'''. The European Commission proposed the AI Act in 2021. On Wednesday 2024-03-13 the MEPs adopted this law.<ref> | |||
{{cite web | |||
| url = https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law | |||
| title = Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law | |||
| last = | |||
| first = | |||
| date = 2024-03-13 | |||
| website = europarl.europa.eu | |||
| publisher = [[w:European Parliament]] | |||
| access-date = 2024-03-22 | |||
| quote = The regulation, agreed in negotiations with member states in December 2023, was endorsed by MEPs with 523 votes in favour, 46 against and 49 abstentions. | |||
}} | |||
</ref> | |||
* European '''Artificial Intelligence Act''' has been approved by the member countries and is on track to be approved by April 2024.<ref>https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-artificial-intelligence-act-ai-technology-risk-rules/</ref> Read [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206 Proposal for a '''''REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL LAYING DOWN HARMONISED RULES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACT) AND AMENDING CERTAIN UNION LEGISLATIVE ACTS''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu]<ref group="1st seen in">https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/the-act/ via https://futureoflife.org/ newsletter</ref> (also contains translations) | * European '''Artificial Intelligence Act''' has been approved by the member countries and is on track to be approved by April 2024.<ref>https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-artificial-intelligence-act-ai-technology-risk-rules/</ref> Read [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206 Proposal for a '''''REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL LAYING DOWN HARMONISED RULES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACT) AND AMENDING CERTAIN UNION LEGISLATIVE ACTS''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu]<ref group="1st seen in">https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/the-act/ via https://futureoflife.org/ newsletter</ref> (also contains translations) | ||
* [https:// | * [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-europe-fit-for-the-digital-age/file-regulation-on-artificial-intelligence '''''Artificial intelligence act''''' in the Legislative Train Schedule at europarl.europa.eu] | ||
* | * [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law '''''Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a press announcement on the adoption of the Artificial Intelligence Act on Wednesday 2024-03-13. | ||
'''Studies and information''' | '''Studies and information''' | ||
* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/stoa/en/document/EPRS_STU(2021)690039 '''''Tackling deepfakes in European policy''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a 2021 study by the Panel for the Future of Science and Technology and published by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]]. [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/690039/EPRS_STU(2021)690039_EN.pdf View .pdf at europarl.europa.eu] | * [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/stoa/en/document/EPRS_STU(2021)690039 '''''Tackling deepfakes in European policy''''' at europarl.europa.eu], a 2021 study by the Panel for the Future of Science and Technology and published by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]]. [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/690039/EPRS_STU(2021)690039_EN.pdf View .pdf at europarl.europa.eu] | ||
* https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/ is a website on the | * [https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/ '''''The EU Artificial Intelligence Act''''' at artificialintelligenceact.eu] is a website promising ''Up-to-date developments and analyses of the EU AI Act'' on the new EU law by the [https://futureoflife.org/ Future of Life Institute], an American non-profit NGO. | ||
---- | '''Reporting''' | ||
* [https://www.euractiv.com/section/artificial-intelligence/opinion/the-ai-act-vs-deepfakes-a-step-forward-but-is-it-enough/ '''''The AI Act vs. deepfakes: A step forward, but is it enough?''''' at euractiv.com], 2024-02-26 opinion piece by Cristina Vanberghen | |||
== Code of practice on Disinformation 2022 == | |||
The [https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation '''2022 Code of Practice on Disinformation''' at digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu] - ''Major online platforms, emerging and specialised platforms, players in the advertising industry, fact-checkers, research and civil society organisations delivered a strengthened Code of Practice on Disinformation following the Commission’s Guidance of May 2021''.<ref>https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation</ref> | |||
= Finland = | = Finland = | ||
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}} | }} | ||
</ref> 2023-11-24 compilation on laws against synthetic fakes in India, by Vikrant Rana, Anuradha Gandhi and Rachita Thakur | </ref> 2023-11-24 compilation on laws against synthetic fakes in India, by Vikrant Rana, Anuradha Gandhi and Rachita Thakur | ||
* [https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/ '''''What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It?''''' at cybercert.in]<ref> | |||
{{cite web | |||
| url = https://cybercert.in/what-is-deep-fake-cyber-crime-what-does-indian-law-say-about-it/ | |||
| title = What Is Deep Fake Cyber Crime? What Does Indian Law Say About It? | |||
| last = | |||
| first = | |||
| date = | |||
| website = cybercert.in | |||
| publisher = | |||
| access-date = 2024-03-23 | |||
| quote = At present, India does not have any law specifically for deep fake cybercrime, but various other laws can be combined to deal with it. | |||
}} | |||
</ref> | |||
* [https://cybercert.in/indian-cyber-laws/ '''''Cyberlaw in India''''' at cybercert.in] provides a wider look into the Indian Cyber Laws | |||
'''Laws in India''' | |||
'''[[w:Information Technology Act, 2000]]''' | |||
* Section 66D | |||
* Section 66E | |||
'''[[w:Information Technology Rules, 2021]]''' | |||
'''Past bills in India''' | |||
* [[w:Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019]] | |||
---- | ---- | ||
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* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/jan/30/taylor-swift-ai-deepfake-nonconsensual-sexual-images-bill '''''Taylor Swift AI images prompt US bill to tackle nonconsensual, sexual deepfakes''''' at theguardian.com] | * [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/jan/30/taylor-swift-ai-deepfake-nonconsensual-sexual-images-bill '''''Taylor Swift AI images prompt US bill to tackle nonconsensual, sexual deepfakes''''' at theguardian.com] | ||
* [https://www.theverge.com/2024/1/30/24056385/congress-defiance-act-proposed-ban-nonconsensual-ai-porn '''''Lawmakers propose anti-nonconsensual AI porn bill after Taylor Swift controversy''''' at theverge.com] | * [https://www.theverge.com/2024/1/30/24056385/congress-defiance-act-proposed-ban-nonconsensual-ai-porn '''''Lawmakers propose anti-nonconsensual AI porn bill after Taylor Swift controversy''''' at theverge.com] | ||
=== US House bill H.R.7123 - Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act) (118th Congress - 2023-2024) === | |||
[https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7123/text?s=1&r=3 '''''Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act''''' at congress.gov]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-of-artificial-intelligence/the-terrifying-ai-scam-that-uses-your-loved-ones-voice</ref> | |||
=== US House bill H.R.6943 - No AI FRAUD Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024) === | === US House bill H.R.6943 - No AI FRAUD Act (118th Congress - 2023-2024) === | ||