Stop Synthetic Filth! wiki

Laws against synthesis and other related crimes: Difference between revisions

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Laws against synthesis and other related crimes (edit)

Revision as of 21:50, 22 December 2023

26 bytes added ,  4 months ago
alphabetizing the list
(+ === Finland criminalized synthetic CSAM in 2011 ===)
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* [[#Canada|Canada's House of Commons]] is considering banning all pornographic content, for which there is no proof-of-age and written consent from everybody visible in the pornographic recording.
* [[#Canada|Canada's House of Commons]] is considering banning all pornographic content, for which there is no proof-of-age and written consent from everybody visible in the pornographic recording.
* [[#UK|UK]]'s [[#Online Safety Bill|Online Safety Bill]] has been making progress and if passed would criminalize non-consensual synthetic pornography.
* [[#UK|UK]]'s [[#Online Safety Bill|Online Safety Bill]] has been making progress and if passed would criminalize non-consensual synthetic pornography.
= Finland =
== Laws in Finland ==
=== Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|what-is-it}}
=== Finland criminalized synthetic CSAM in 2011 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|history}}
= Singapore =
== Law in Singapore ==
=== Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019 ===
[[w:Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> is a [[w:statute]] of the [[w:Parliament of Singapore]] that enables authorities to tackle the spread of [[w:fake news]] or [[w:false information]]. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protection_from_Online_Falsehoods_and_Manipulation_Act_2019&oldid=1134029282 Wikipedia])


= Canada =
= Canada =
Line 64: Line 49:
'''Reporting'''
'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.conservative.ca/mp-viersen-reintroduces-the-stopping-internet-sexual-exploitation-sise-act/ ''MP Viersen reintroduces the Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation (SISE) Act'' at conservative.ca]
* [https://www.conservative.ca/mp-viersen-reintroduces-the-stopping-internet-sexual-exploitation-sise-act/ ''MP Viersen reintroduces the Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation (SISE) Act'' at conservative.ca]
----
= China =
== Law against synthesis crimes in China 2020 ==
[[File:Flag of China.png|thumb|right|200px|China passed a law requiring faked footage to be labeled as such]]
<section begin=China2020 />On January 1 2020 Chinese law requiring that synthetically faked footage should bear a clear notice about its fakeness came into effect. Failure to comply could be considered a [[w:crime]] the [[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]] ([http://www.cac.gov.cn/ cac.gov.cn]) stated on its website. China announced this new law in November 2019.<ref name="Reuters2019">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-technology/china-seeks-to-root-out-fake-news-and-deepfakes-with-new-online-content-rules-idUSKBN1Y30VU
| title = China seeks to root out fake news and deepfakes with new online content rules
| last =
| first =
| date = 2019-11-29
| website = [[w:Reuters.com]]
| publisher = [[w:Reuters]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}
</ref> The Chinese government seems to be reserving the right to prosecute both users and [[w:online video platform]]s failing to abide by the rules. <ref name="TheVerge2019">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/29/20988363/china-deepfakes-ban-internet-rules-fake-news-disclosure-virtual-reality
| title = China makes it a criminal offense to publish deepfakes or fake news without disclosure
| last = Statt
| first = Nick
| date = 2019-11-29
| website =
| publisher = [[w:The Verge]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}
</ref>
<section end=China2020 />
== Draft bill against synthesis crimes China 2022 ==
The '''[[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]]''' has a new draft bill in 2022 called [https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/deep-synthesis-draft/ '''''Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis Internet Information Services''''' (Draft for solicitation of comments) at chinalawtranslate.com] or [http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-01/28/c_1644970458520968.htm view the Chinese language draft '''''国家互联网信息办公室关于《互联网信息服务深度合成管理规定（征求意见稿）》公开征求意见的通知''''' at cac.gov.cn]<ref group="1st seen in">'''Politico AI: Decoded''' mailing list Wednesday 2022-02-02</ref>
----
= EU =
== EU Law on AI 20?? ==
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|200px|The EU must address the malicious uses of AI in the law it is planning to regulate AI.]]
The European Union is planning a law on AI
* Read [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206 Proposal for a '''''REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL LAYING DOWN HARMONISED RULES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACT) AND AMENDING CERTAIN UNION LEGISLATIVE ACTS''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu]<ref group="1st seen in">https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/the-act/ via https://futureoflife.org/ newsletter</ref> (also contains translations)
* https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/ is a website on the planned law by the [https://futureoflife.org/ Future of Life Institute], an American non-profit NGO.
----
= Finland =
== Laws in Finland ==
=== Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|what-is-it}}
=== Finland criminalized synthetic CSAM in 2011 ===
{{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|history}}
----
= South Africa =
[[File:Flag of the Republic of South Africa.svg|thumb|right|200px|[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 South Africa's relatively new Cybercrimes Act (Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020)] has been enacted only partially on Dec 1 2021]]
== Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020 ==
[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 '''South-Africa Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020''' (English / Afrikaans) at gov.za]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref> came only partially into effect on Wednesday 2021-12-01.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref>
'''Links'''
* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/ '''Cybercrimes Act''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] by Accessible Law contains the law in website format
'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/ '''''Not all of the cogs in the Cybercrimes Act machine are turning at once — we still remain vulnerable''''' at dailymaverick.co.za]
----
= Singapore =
== Law in Singapore ==
=== Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019 ===
[[w:Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="ChatGPT 2023 inquiry" /> is a [[w:statute]] of the [[w:Parliament of Singapore]] that enables authorities to tackle the spread of [[w:fake news]] or [[w:false information]]. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protection_from_Online_Falsehoods_and_Manipulation_Act_2019&oldid=1134029282 Wikipedia])
----
= UK =
== The Domestic Abuse Act 2021 Chapter 17, part 6 - Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films ==
'''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/contents/enacted Chapter 17] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/enacted Part 6 - ''Offences involving abusive or violent behaviour''] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted ''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films'' - ''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress'']
According to the UK-based [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/ '''Revenge Porn Helpline''' at revengepornhelpline.org.uk] article [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/ '''''What to do if someone is threatening to share your intimate images'''''] threats to share intimate images with the intent to cause distress is now an offense in UK law. This is included within the '''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' which was enacted into UK law on 29th June 2021.<ref>https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/</ref>
We don't know quite yet if the bug has been fixed, that if the pictures <u>are not pictures of you</u>, but [[synthetic human-like fakes]] the police cannot do anything.
'''Links'''
* [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted '''Domestic Abuse Act 2021''' / '''Chapter 17''' / '''Part 6''' / '''''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films''''' - '''''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress''''' at legislation.gov.uk]
== Online Safety Bill ==
UK's [https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3137 '''HL Bill 151''' - '''''Online Safety Bill''''' at bills.parliament.uk] has been making progress and if passed would criminalize non-consensual synthetic pornography. The bill originated from the House of Commons sessions 2021-22 2022-23.
* [https://www.gov.uk/guidance/a-guide-to-the-online-safety-bill ''A guide to the Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/online-safety-bill ''Documents, publications and announcements relating to the government's Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]
== Law against synthesis crimes in the UK 20?? ==
[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|thumb|right|200px|The UK needs to improve its legislation. Please [https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images sign the petition initiated by Helen Mort] in late 2020.]]
[[File:Helen Mort (2014).jpg|thumb|right|245px|[[w:Helen Mort]] is a British poet, novelist and activist against [[synthetic human-like fakes]]. Please sign the petition [https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images ''''''Tighten regulation on taking, making and faking explicit images'''''' at Change.org] originated by her and to be delivered to the [[w:Law Commission (England and Wales)]] and the prime minister.]]
The UK law does not seem very up-to-date on the issue of synthetic filth.
The independent [[w:Law Commission (England and Wales)]] is currently reviewing the law as it applies to taking, making and sharing intimate images without consent. The outcome of the consultation is due to be published later in 2021.<ref name="BBC2021">
{{cite web
|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-55546372
|title = 'Deepfake porn images still give me nightmares'
|last = Royle
|first = Sara
|date = 2021-01-05
|website = [[w:BBC Online]]
|publisher = [[w:BBC]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = She alerted the police to the images but was told that no action could be taken. Dr Aislinn O'Connell, a lecturer in law at Royal Holloway University of London, explained that Helen's case fell outside the current law.}}
</ref>
"In 2019, law expert Dr Aislinn O’Connell told [[w:The Independent]] that our current laws on image sharing are piecemeal and not fit for purpose. In October 2018 The [[w:Women and Equalities Committee]] called on the UK Government to introduce new legislation on image-based sexual abuse in order to '''criminalise ALL''' non-consensual creation and distribution of intimate sexual images."<ref name="MortPetition2020">
{{cite web
|url = https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images
|title = Change.org petition: 'Tighten regulation on taking, making and faking explicit images'
|last = Mort
|first = Helen
|date = 2020
|website = [[w:Change.org]]
|publisher = [[w:Change.org]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = Unlike other forms of revenge porn, creating pictures or videos like this is not yet illegal in the UK, though it is in some places in the US. The police were unable to help me.}}
</ref> This call is for similar laws as California put in place on January 1 2020.
The petition [https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images ''''''Tighten regulation on taking, making and faking explicit images'''''' at Change.org] by [[w:Helen Mort]] aims to petition the UK govt for proper legislation against synthetic filth. See the [[mediatheque]] for a video by Helen Mort on her ordeal of becoming the victim of covert disinformation attacks.
{{#lst:Mediatheque|HelenMort2020}}
----


= USA =
= USA =
Line 510: Line 635:


----
----
= EU =
== EU Law on AI 20?? ==
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|right|200px|The EU must address the malicious uses of AI in the law it is planning to regulate AI.]]
The European Union is planning a law on AI
* Read [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206 Proposal for a '''''REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL LAYING DOWN HARMONISED RULES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACT) AND AMENDING CERTAIN UNION LEGISLATIVE ACTS''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu]<ref group="1st seen in">https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/the-act/ via https://futureoflife.org/ newsletter</ref> (also contains translations)
* https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/ is a website on the planned law by the [https://futureoflife.org/ Future of Life Institute], an American non-profit NGO.
----
= UK =
== The Domestic Abuse Act 2021 Chapter 17, part 6 - Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films ==
'''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/contents/enacted Chapter 17] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/enacted Part 6 - ''Offences involving abusive or violent behaviour''] / [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted ''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films'' - ''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress'']
According to the UK-based [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/ '''Revenge Porn Helpline''' at revengepornhelpline.org.uk] article [https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/ '''''What to do if someone is threatening to share your intimate images'''''] threats to share intimate images with the intent to cause distress is now an offense in UK law. This is included within the '''[[w:Domestic Abuse Act 2021]]''' which was enacted into UK law on 29th June 2021.<ref>https://revengepornhelpline.org.uk/information-and-advice/need-help-and-advice/threats-to-share-intimate-images/</ref>
We don't know quite yet if the bug has been fixed, that if the pictures <u>are not pictures of you</u>, but [[synthetic human-like fakes]] the police cannot do anything.
'''Links'''
* [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/17/part/6/crossheading/disclosure-of-private-sexual-photographs-and-films/enacted '''Domestic Abuse Act 2021''' / '''Chapter 17''' / '''Part 6''' / '''''Disclosure of private sexual photographs and films''''' - '''''Threats to disclose private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress''''' at legislation.gov.uk]
== Online Safety Bill ==
UK's [https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3137 '''HL Bill 151''' - '''''Online Safety Bill''''' at bills.parliament.uk] has been making progress and if passed would criminalize non-consensual synthetic pornography. The bill originated from the House of Commons sessions 2021-22 2022-23.
* [https://www.gov.uk/guidance/a-guide-to-the-online-safety-bill ''A guide to the Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/online-safety-bill ''Documents, publications and announcements relating to the government's Online Safety Bill'' at gov.uk]
== Law against synthesis crimes in the UK 20?? ==
[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|thumb|right|200px|The UK needs to improve its legislation. Please [https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images sign the petition initiated by Helen Mort] in late 2020.]]
[[File:Helen Mort (2014).jpg|thumb|right|245px|[[w:Helen Mort]] is a British poet, novelist and activist against [[synthetic human-like fakes]]. Please sign the petition [https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images ''''''Tighten regulation on taking, making and faking explicit images'''''' at Change.org] originated by her and to be delivered to the [[w:Law Commission (England and Wales)]] and the prime minister.]]
The UK law does not seem very up-to-date on the issue of synthetic filth.
The independent [[w:Law Commission (England and Wales)]] is currently reviewing the law as it applies to taking, making and sharing intimate images without consent. The outcome of the consultation is due to be published later in 2021.<ref name="BBC2021">
{{cite web
|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-55546372
|title = 'Deepfake porn images still give me nightmares'
|last = Royle
|first = Sara
|date = 2021-01-05
|website = [[w:BBC Online]]
|publisher = [[w:BBC]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = She alerted the police to the images but was told that no action could be taken. Dr Aislinn O'Connell, a lecturer in law at Royal Holloway University of London, explained that Helen's case fell outside the current law.}}
</ref>
"In 2019, law expert Dr Aislinn O’Connell told [[w:The Independent]] that our current laws on image sharing are piecemeal and not fit for purpose. In October 2018 The [[w:Women and Equalities Committee]] called on the UK Government to introduce new legislation on image-based sexual abuse in order to '''criminalise ALL''' non-consensual creation and distribution of intimate sexual images."<ref name="MortPetition2020">
{{cite web
|url = https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images
|title = Change.org petition: 'Tighten regulation on taking, making and faking explicit images'
|last = Mort
|first = Helen
|date = 2020
|website = [[w:Change.org]]
|publisher = [[w:Change.org]]
|access-date = 2021-01-31
|quote = Unlike other forms of revenge porn, creating pictures or videos like this is not yet illegal in the UK, though it is in some places in the US. The police were unable to help me.}}
</ref> This call is for similar laws as California put in place on January 1 2020.
The petition [https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images ''''''Tighten regulation on taking, making and faking explicit images'''''' at Change.org] by [[w:Helen Mort]] aims to petition the UK govt for proper legislation against synthetic filth. See the [[mediatheque]] for a video by Helen Mort on her ordeal of becoming the victim of covert disinformation attacks.
{{#lst:Mediatheque|HelenMort2020}}
= South Africa =
[[File:Flag of the Republic of South Africa.svg|thumb|right|200px|[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 South Africa's relatively new Cybercrimes Act (Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020)] has been enacted only partially on Dec 1 2021]]
== Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020 ==
[https://www.gov.za/documents/cybercrimes-act-19-2020-1-jun-2021-0000 '''South-Africa Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020''' (English / Afrikaans) at gov.za]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref> came only partially into effect on Wednesday 2021-12-01.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/</ref>
'''Links'''
* [https://cybercrimesact.co.za/ '''Cybercrimes Act''' at cybercrimesact.co.za] by Accessible Law contains the law in website format
'''Reporting'''
* [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-01-not-all-of-the-cogs-in-the-cybercrimes-act-machine-are-turning-at-once-we-still-remain-vulnerable/ '''''Not all of the cogs in the Cybercrimes Act machine are turning at once — we still remain vulnerable''''' at dailymaverick.co.za]
----
= China =
== Law against synthesis crimes in China 2020 ==
[[File:Flag of China.png|thumb|right|200px|China passed a law requiring faked footage to be labeled as such]]
<section begin=China2020 />On January 1 2020 Chinese law requiring that synthetically faked footage should bear a clear notice about its fakeness came into effect. Failure to comply could be considered a [[w:crime]] the [[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]] ([http://www.cac.gov.cn/ cac.gov.cn]) stated on its website. China announced this new law in November 2019.<ref name="Reuters2019">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-technology/china-seeks-to-root-out-fake-news-and-deepfakes-with-new-online-content-rules-idUSKBN1Y30VU
| title = China seeks to root out fake news and deepfakes with new online content rules
| last =
| first =
| date = 2019-11-29
| website = [[w:Reuters.com]]
| publisher = [[w:Reuters]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}
</ref> The Chinese government seems to be reserving the right to prosecute both users and [[w:online video platform]]s failing to abide by the rules. <ref name="TheVerge2019">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/29/20988363/china-deepfakes-ban-internet-rules-fake-news-disclosure-virtual-reality
| title = China makes it a criminal offense to publish deepfakes or fake news without disclosure
| last = Statt
| first = Nick
| date = 2019-11-29
| website =
| publisher = [[w:The Verge]]
| access-date = 2021-01-23
| quote = }}
</ref>
<section end=China2020 />
== Draft bill against synthesis crimes China 2022 ==
The '''[[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]]''' has a new draft bill in 2022 called [https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/deep-synthesis-draft/ '''''Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis Internet Information Services''''' (Draft for solicitation of comments) at chinalawtranslate.com] or [http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-01/28/c_1644970458520968.htm view the Chinese language draft '''''国家互联网信息办公室关于《互联网信息服务深度合成管理规定（征求意见稿）》公开征求意见的通知''''' at cac.gov.cn]<ref group="1st seen in">'''Politico AI: Decoded''' mailing list Wednesday 2022-02-02</ref>




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