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This is the '''SSFWIKI glossary''' with limited dictionary function. See '''[[resources]]''' for examples you will often find linked for your convenience. | This is the '''SSFWIKI glossary''' with limited dictionary function. See '''[[resources]]''' for examples you will often find linked for your convenience. | ||
= | '''Glossaries elsewhere''' | ||
* <section begin=US-Congress-glossary />[https://www.congress.gov/help/legislative-glossary '''Glossary of Legislative Terms''' at congress.gov]<section end=US-Congress-glossary /> | |||
* <section begin=UK-Parliament-glossary />[https://www.parliament.uk/site-information/glossary/ '''Glossary''' at parliament.uk]<section end=UK-Parliament-glossary /> | |||
* <section begin=Law-Society-glossary />[https://www.lawsociety.org.uk/public/for-public-visitors/resources/glossary '''Legal glossary''' at lawsociety.org.uk]<section end=Law-Society-glossary /> | |||
= Association for Computing Machinery = | |||
The '''[[w:Association for Computing Machinery]]''' ('''ACM''') is a US-based international [[w:learned society]] for [[w:computing]]. It was founded in 1947, and is the world's largest scientific and educational computing society. (Wikipedia) | The '''[[w:Association for Computing Machinery]]''' ('''ACM''') is a US-based international [[w:learned society]] for [[w:computing]]. It was founded in 1947, and is the world's largest scientific and educational computing society. (Wikipedia) | ||
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= Appearance and voice theft = | = Appearance and voice theft = | ||
Appearance is thieved with [[digital look-alikes]] and voice is thieved with [[digital sound-alikes]]. These are new and very extreme forms of identity theft. Ban covert modeling and possession and doing anything with a model of a human's voice, but don't ban the [[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]]. | Appearance is thieved with [[digital look-alikes]] and voice is thieved with [[digital sound-alikes]]. These are new and very extreme forms of identity theft. Ban covert modeling and possession and doing anything with a model of a human's voice, but don't ban the [[Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)]]. | ||
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= Audio forensics = | |||
{{Q|'''[[w:Audio forensics]]''' is the field of [[w:forensic science]] relating to the acquisition, analysis, and evaluation of [[w:sound recording]]s that may ultimately be presented as admissible evidence in a court of law or some other official venue.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/jan10/articles/forensics.htm|title=An Introduction To Forensic Audio|author=Phil Manchester|date=January 2010|publisher=Sound on Sound}}</ref><ref name=maherieee2009>{{cite journal|last=Maher|first=Robert C.|title=Audio forensic examination: authenticity, enhancement, and interpretation|journal=IEEE Signal Processing Magazine|volume=26|issue=2|pages=84–94|date=March 2009|doi=10.1109/msp.2008.931080|s2cid=18216777}}</ref><ref name=gelfandwired2007>{{cite web|url=https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2007/10/audio_forensics |title=Audio Forensics Experts Reveal (Some) Secrets |date=10 October 2007 |author=Alexander Gelfand |publisher=Wired Magazine |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120408153708/http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2007/10/audio_forensics |archivedate=2012-04-08 }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Maher |first=Robert C. |title=Principles of forensic audio analysis |publisher=Springer |year=2018 |isbn=9783319994536 |location=Cham, Switzerland |pages= |oclc=1062360764}}</ref>|Wikipedia|[[w:Audio forensics]]<ref group="permalink">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Audio_forensics&oldid=1096442057 loaned on Friday 2022-10-21</ref>}} | |||
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* Covertly modeling the '''human voice''' | * Covertly modeling the '''human voice''' | ||
There is work ongoing to model e.g. '''human's style of writing''', but this is probably not as drastic a threat as the covert modeling of appearance and of voice. | There is work ongoing to model e.g. '''human's style of writing''', but this is probably not as drastic a threat as the covert modeling of appearance and of voice. | ||
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= Cyberbullying = | |||
* '''[[w:Cyberbullying]]''' or '''cyberharassment''' is a form of [[w:bullying]] or [[w:harassment]] using [[w:Electronic communication network|w:electronic means]]. Cyberbullying and cyberharassment are also known as '''online bullying'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyberbullying&oldid=1065285058 Wikipedia]) | |||
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* français | fr | French | les sonne-mêmes numeriques | * français | fr | French | les sonne-mêmes numeriques | ||
* svenska | sv | Swedish | digitala dubbla ljud | * svenska | sv | Swedish | digitala dubbla ljud | ||
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= Generative artificial intelligence = | |||
{{Q|'''[[w:Generative artificial intelligence]]''' or '''generative AI''' (also ''GenAI'') is a type of [[w:artificial intelligence]] (AI) system capable of generating text, images, or other media in response to [[w:Prompt engineering|w:prompts]].|[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&oldid=1152362282 Wikipedia]|[[w:Generative artificial intelligence]]}} | |||
Examples of generative AI that generate images / sceneries based on [[w:Prompt engineering|w:prompts]] by user. These genrated images may contain synthetic human-like fakes placed in fairly realistic looking scenarios. | |||
* [[w:Midjourney]] | |||
* [[w:Stable Diffusion]] | |||
Examples of [[w:large language model]]s being used to generate conversational AIs | |||
* [[w:ChatGPT]] by OpenAI based on OpenAI's [[w:Generative pre-trained transformer]] (GPT) | |||
* [[w:Bard (chatbot)]] by Google and based on Google's [[w:LaMDA]] | |||
Generative AI encompasses more than conversational AI as it is able to also create images / scenery | |||
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= Generative adversial network = | = Generative adversial network = | ||
[[File:Woman | [[File:Woman 1.jpg|alt=An image generated by StyleGAN, a generative adversarial network (GAN), that looks deceptively like a portrait of a young woman.|thumb|250x250px|An image generated by [[w:StyleGAN]], a [[w:generative adversarial network]] (GAN), that looks deceptively like a portrait of a young woman.]] | ||
{{Q|A '''generative adversarial network''' ('''GAN''') is a class of [[w:machine learnin|g]] systems. Two [[w:neural network|neural network]]s contest with each other in a [[w:zero-sum game|zero-sum game]] framework. This technique can generate photographs that look at least superficially authentic to human observers,<ref name="GANs">{{cite arXiv |eprint=1406.2661|title=Generative Adversarial Networks|first1=Ian |last1=Goodfellow |first2=Jean |last2=Pouget-Abadie |first3=Mehdi |last3=Mirza |first4=Bing |last4=Xu |first5=David |last5=Warde-Farley |first6=Sherjil |last6=Ozair |first7=Aaron |last7=Courville |first8=Yoshua |last8=Bengio |class=cs.LG |year=2014 }}</ref> having many realistic characteristics. It is a form of [[w:unsupervised learning|unsupervised learning]]]].<ref name="ITT_GANs">{{cite arXiv |eprint=1606.03498|title=Improved Techniques for Training GANs|last1=Salimans |first1=Tim |last2=Goodfellow |first2=Ian |last3=Zaremba |first3=Wojciech |last4=Cheung |first4=Vicki |last5=Radford |first5=Alec |last6=Chen |first6=Xi |class=cs.LG |year=2016 }}</ref>|Wikipedia|[[w:generative adversarial network|generative adversarial networks]]}} | {{Q|A '''generative adversarial network''' ('''GAN''') is a class of [[w:machine learnin|g]] systems. Two [[w:neural network|neural network]]s contest with each other in a [[w:zero-sum game|zero-sum game]] framework. This technique can generate photographs that look at least superficially authentic to human observers,<ref name="GANs">{{cite arXiv |eprint=1406.2661|title=Generative Adversarial Networks|first1=Ian |last1=Goodfellow |first2=Jean |last2=Pouget-Abadie |first3=Mehdi |last3=Mirza |first4=Bing |last4=Xu |first5=David |last5=Warde-Farley |first6=Sherjil |last6=Ozair |first7=Aaron |last7=Courville |first8=Yoshua |last8=Bengio |class=cs.LG |year=2014 }}</ref> having many realistic characteristics. It is a form of [[w:unsupervised learning|unsupervised learning]]]].<ref name="ITT_GANs">{{cite arXiv |eprint=1606.03498|title=Improved Techniques for Training GANs|last1=Salimans |first1=Tim |last2=Goodfellow |first2=Ian |last3=Zaremba |first3=Wojciech |last4=Cheung |first4=Vicki |last5=Radford |first5=Alec |last6=Chen |first6=Xi |class=cs.LG |year=2016 }}</ref>|Wikipedia|[[w:generative adversarial network|generative adversarial networks]]}} | ||
See '''[[wikidata:Q25104379]]''' for translations, descriptions and links to WMF wikis about GANs. | See '''[[wikidata:Q25104379]]''' for translations, descriptions and links to WMF wikis about GANs. | ||
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= Human-like image synthesis = | |||
Human-like image synthesis is a dangerous technology. ''Human-like image synthesis'' would be semantically less wrong less wrong than ''[[w:human image synthesis]]''. | |||
{{Q|'''Human image synthesis''' can be applied to make believable and even [[w:photorealism|photorealistic]] of human-likenesses, moving or still. This has effectively been the situation since the early [[w:2000s (decade)|2000s]]. Many films using [[w:computer generated imagery|computer generated imagery]] have featured synthetic images of human-like characters [[w:digital compositing|digitally composited]] onto the real or other simulated film material.|Wikipedia|[[w:Human image synthesis|Human image syntheses]]}} | {{Q|'''Human image synthesis''' can be applied to make believable and even [[w:photorealism|photorealistic]] of human-likenesses, moving or still. This has effectively been the situation since the early [[w:2000s (decade)|2000s]]. Many films using [[w:computer generated imagery|computer generated imagery]] have featured synthetic images of human-like characters [[w:digital compositing|digitally composited]] onto the real or other simulated film material.|Wikipedia|[[w:Human image synthesis|Human image syntheses]]}} | ||
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= Large language model = | |||
{{Q|A '''[[w:large language model]]''' ('''LLM''') is a [[w:language model]] consisting of a [[w:Artificial neural network|w:neural network]] with many parameters (typically billions of weights or more), trained on large quantities of unlabeled text using [[w:self-supervised learning]] or [[w:semi-supervised learning]].|[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Large_language_model&oldid=1152606161 Wikipedia]|[[w:large language model]]}} | |||
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= Light stage = | = Light stage = | ||
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'''Media forensics''' deal with ascertaining genuinity of media. | '''Media forensics''' deal with ascertaining genuinity of media. | ||
{{Q|Wikipedia does not have an article on [[w: | {{Q|Wikipedia does not have an article on media forensics, but it does have one on [[w:audio forensics]]|juboxi|2022-10-21}} | ||
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'''Relighting''' means applying a completely different [[w:lighting]] situation to an image or video which has already been imaged. As of 2020-09 the English Wikipedia does not have an article on relighting. | '''Relighting''' means applying a completely different [[w:lighting]] situation to an image or video which has already been imaged. As of 2020-09 the English Wikipedia does not have an article on relighting. | ||
As of 2020-11-19 Wikipedia does not have an article on '''relighting'''. | Since 2021-03-15 a [[w:Relighting]] is a redirect to [[w:Polynomial texture mapping]]. | ||
'''[[w:Polynomial texture mapping]]''' ('''PTM'''), also known as '''Reflectance Transformation Imaging''' (RTI), is a technique of [[w:digital imaging]] and [[w:interactive media|w:interactively]] displaying objects under varying [[w:lighting]] conditions to reveal surface phenomena. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polynomial_texture_mapping&oldid=1021704138 Wikipedia]) | |||
Past: As of 2020-11-19 Wikipedia does not have an article on '''relighting'''. | |||
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= Sexual bullying = | |||
* '''[[w:Sexual bullying]]''' is a type of [[w:bullying]] and [[w:sexual harassment]] that occurs in connection with a person's [[w:sex]], body, [[w:sexual orientation]] or with [[w:sexual activity]]. It can be [[w:physical abuse|w:physical]], [[w:verbal abuse|w:verbal]], and/or [[w:emotional abuse]]. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sexual_bullying&oldid=1063305355 Wikipedia]) | |||
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= SISE = | |||
'''SISE''' refers to the [[#Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act]] - a House of Commons of Canada bill introduced in 2022. | |||
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= SISEA = | |||
* [[#Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act]] - a US Senate bill in the 2019-2020 session | |||
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= Spectrogram = | = Spectrogram = | ||
[[File:Spectrogram-19thC.png|thumb|right|360px|A [[w:spectrogram|spectrogram]] of a male voice saying 'nineteenth century']] | [[File:Spectrogram-19thC.png|thumb|right|360px|A [[w:spectrogram|spectrogram]] of a male voice saying 'nineteenth century']] | ||
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See '''[[wikidata:]]''' for translations, descriptions and links to WMF wikis about speech syntheses. | See '''[[wikidata:]]''' for translations, descriptions and links to WMF wikis about speech syntheses. | ||
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= Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act = | |||
The Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act (SISE) was a bill introduced to the 2019-2020 session of the US Senate. | |||
* [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/5054?r=1&s=1 US Senate Bill ''''''S.5054''' - '''Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act''''' at congress.gov] | |||
= Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act = | |||
* [https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-270/first-reading House of Commons of Canada bill C-270 ''''''Stopping Internet Sexual Exploitation Act'''''' at parl.ca], first read to the Commons on Thursday 2022-04-28. According to [https://www.townandcountrytoday.com/local-news/mp-submits-private-members-bill-for-second-time-5346232 townandcountrytoday.com] the author of the bill introduced an identical bill C-302 on Thursday 2021-05-27, but that got killed off by oncoming federal elections | |||
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= Permalinks = | |||
<references group="permalink"/> | |||
= References = | = References = | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Listing]] | |||
[[Category:In English]] | |||
[[Category:In Finnish]] | |||
[[Category:Suomeksi]] | |||