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Synthetic human-like fakes: Difference between revisions
→Timeline of synthetic human-like fakes: + Adding the 2019 w:Virginia and w:Texas state laws against synthetic filth + The 2020 Chinese law and w:California state law that came into effect on Jan 1 (from my additions to w:Human image synthesis
Juho Kunsola (talk | contribs) (added entries I've authored in w:Human image synthesis to == Timeline of synthetic human-like fakes == and == Media perhaps about synthetic human-like fakes ==) |
Juho Kunsola (talk | contribs) (→Timeline of synthetic human-like fakes: + Adding the 2019 w:Virginia and w:Texas state laws against synthetic filth + The 2020 Chinese law and w:California state law that came into effect on Jan 1 (from my additions to w:Human image synthesis) |
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* '''2019''' | demonstration | '''[http://whichfaceisreal.com/ 'Which Face is real?' at whichfaceisreal.com]''' is an easily unnerving game by [http://ctbergstrom.com/ Carl Bergstrom] and [https://jevinwest.org/ Jevin West] where you need to '''try to distinguish''' from a pair of photos '''which is real and which is not'''. A part of the "tools" of the [https://callingbullshit.org/ Calling Bullshit] course taught at the [[w:University of Washington]]. <font color="green">'''Relevancy: certain'''</font> | * '''2019''' | demonstration | '''[http://whichfaceisreal.com/ 'Which Face is real?' at whichfaceisreal.com]''' is an easily unnerving game by [http://ctbergstrom.com/ Carl Bergstrom] and [https://jevinwest.org/ Jevin West] where you need to '''try to distinguish''' from a pair of photos '''which is real and which is not'''. A part of the "tools" of the [https://callingbullshit.org/ Calling Bullshit] course taught at the [[w:University of Washington]]. <font color="green">'''Relevancy: certain'''</font> | ||
* '''2019''' | In September 2019 [[w:Yle]], the Finnish [[w:public broadcasting company]], aired a result of experimental [[w:journalism]], [https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-10955498 a deepfake] of the President in office [[w:Sauli Niinistö]] in its main news broadcast for the purpose of highlighting the advancing disinformation technology and problems that arise from it. | * '''2019''' | demonstration | In September 2019 [[w:Yle]], the Finnish [[w:public broadcasting company]], aired a result of experimental [[w:journalism]], [https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-10955498 a deepfake] of the President in office [[w:Sauli Niinistö]] in its main news broadcast for the purpose of highlighting the advancing disinformation technology and problems that arise from it. | ||
* '''2019''' | US state law | Since July 1 <ref> | |||
{{Cite web | |||
| url=https://www.fauquier.com/news/new-state-laws-go-into-effect-july/article_6e2e16c8-96b7-11e9-88d0-83a8852ef3eb.html | |||
| title=New state laws go into effect July 1 | |||
}} | |||
</ref> [[w:Virginia]] [[w:criminalization|has criminalized]] the sale and dissemination of unauthorized synthetic pornography, but not the manufacture.<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515"> | |||
{{cite web | |||
| url = https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ | |||
| title = § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty. | |||
| last = | |||
| first = | |||
| date = | |||
| website = | |||
| publisher = [[w:Virginia]] | |||
| access-date = 2020-07-13 | |||
| quote = }} | |||
</ref>, as [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ § 18.2-386.2 titled 'Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.'] became part of the [[w:Code of Virginia]]. The law text states: "''Any person who, with the [[w:Intention (criminal law)|intent]] to [[w:coercion|coerce]], [[w:harassment|harass]], or [[w:intimidation|intimidate]], [[w:Malice_(law)|malicious]]ly [[w:dissemination|disseminates]] or [[w:sales|sells]] any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever that depicts another person who is totally [w:[nudity|nude]], or in a state of undress so as to expose the [[w:sex organs|genitals]], pubic area, [[w:buttocks]], or female [[w:breast]], where such person knows or has reason to know that he is not [[w:license]]d or [[w:authorization|authorized]] to disseminate or sell such videographic or still image is guilty of a Class 1 [[w:Misdemeanor#United States|misdemeanor]].''".<ref name="Virginia2019Chapter515"/> The identical bills were [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+HB2678 House Bill 2678] presented by [[w:Delegate (American politics)|Delegate]] [[w:Marcus Simon]] to the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] on January 14 2019 and three day later an identical [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+SB1736 Senate bill 1736] was introduced to the [[w:Senate of Virginia]] by Senator [[w:Adam Ebbin]]. | |||
* '''2019''' | US state law | Since September 1 [[w:Texas]] senate bill [https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/86R/billtext/html/SB00751F.htm SB 751] [[w:amendment]]s to the election code came into effect, giving [[w:candidates]] in [[w:elections]] a 30-day protection period to the elections during which making and distributing digital look-alikes or synthetic fakes of the candidates is an offense. The law text defines the subject of the law as "''a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality''"<ref name="TexasSB751"> | |||
{{cite web | |||
|url= https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751 | |||
|title= Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election | |||
|last= | |||
|first= | |||
|date= 2019-06-14 | |||
|website= | |||
|publisher= [[w:Texas]] | |||
|access-date= 2020-07-13 | |||
|quote= In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality}} | |||
</ref> | |||
* '''2020''' | US state law | January 1 <ref name="KFI2019"> | |||
{{cite web | |||
|url= https://kfiam640.iheart.com/content/2019-12-30-here-are-the-new-california-laws-going-into-effect-in-2020/ | |||
|title= Here Are the New California Laws Going Into Effect in 2020 | |||
|last= Johnson | |||
|first= R.J. | |||
|date= 2019-12-30 | |||
|website= [[KFI]] | |||
|publisher= [[iHeartMedia]] | |||
|access-date= 2020-07-13 | |||
|quote=}} | |||
</ref> the[[w:California]] [[w:State law (United States)|state law]] [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 AB-602] came into effect banning the manufacturing and [[w:Digital distribution|distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted. AB-602 provides victims of synthetic pornography with [[w:injunction|injunctive relief]] and poses legal threats of [[w:statutory damages|statutory]] and [[w:punitive damages]] on [[w:criminal]]s making or distributing synthetic pornography without consent. The bill AB-602 was signed into law by California [[w:Governor (United States)|Governor]] [[w:Gavin Newsom]] on October 3 2019 and was authored by [[w:California State Assembly]] member [[w:Marc Berman]].<ref name="CNET2019"> | |||
{{cite web | |||
| last = Mihalcik | |||
| first = Carrie | |||
| title = California laws seek to crack down on deepfakes in politics and porn | |||
| website = [[w:cnet.com]] | |||
| publisher = [[w:CNET]] | |||
| date = 2019-10-04 | |||
| url = https://www.cnet.com/news/california-laws-seek-to-crack-down-on-deepfakes-in-politics-and-porn/ | |||
| access-date = 2020-07-13 | |||
}} | |||
</ref> | |||
* '''2020''' | Chinese legislation | On January 1 Chinese law requiring that synthetically faked footage should bear a clear notice about its fakeness came into effect. Failure to comply could be considered a [[w:crime]] the [[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]] stated on its website. China announced this new law in November 2019.<ref name="Reuters2019"> | |||
{{cite web | |||
| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-technology/china-seeks-to-root-out-fake-news-and-deepfakes-with-new-online-content-rules-idUSKBN1Y30VU | |||
| title = China seeks to root out fake news and deepfakes with new online content rules | |||
| last = | |||
| first = | |||
| date = 2019-11-29 | |||
| website = [[w:Reuters.com]] | |||
| publisher = [[w:Reuters]] | |||
| access-date = 2020-07-13 | |||
| quote = }} | |||
</ref> The Chinese government seems to be reserving the right to prosecute both users and [[w:online video platform]]s failing to abide by the rules. <ref name="TheVerge2019"> | |||
{{cite web | |||
| url = https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/29/20988363/china-deepfakes-ban-internet-rules-fake-news-disclosure-virtual-reality | |||
| title = China makes it a criminal offense to publish deepfakes or fake news without disclosure | |||
| last = Statt | |||
| first = Nick | |||
| date = 2019-11-29 | |||
| website = | |||
| publisher = [[The Verge]] | |||
| access-date = 2020-07-13 | |||
| quote = }} | |||
</ref> | |||
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