Editing Synthetic human-like fakes
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'''Definitions''' | '''Definitions''' | ||
<section begin=definitions-of-synthetic-human-like-fakes /> | <section begin=definitions-of-synthetic-human-like-fakes /> | ||
When the '''[[Glossary#No camera|camera does not exist]]''', but the subject being imaged with a simulation of a (movie) camera deceives the watcher to believe it is some living or dead person it is a '''[[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|digital look-alike]]'''. | When the '''[[Glossary#No camera|camera does not exist]]''', but the subject being imaged with a simulation of a (movie) camera deceives the watcher to believe it is some living or dead person it is a '''[[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital look-alikes|digital look-alike]]'''. | ||
When it cannot be determined by human testing or media forensics whether some fake voice is a synthetic fake of some person's voice, or is it an actual recording made of that person's actual real voice, it is a pre-recorded '''[[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital sound-alikes|digital sound-alike]]'''. | |||
::[[Synthetic human-like fakes|Read more about '''synthetic human-like fakes''']], see and support '''[[organizations and events against synthetic human-like fakes]]''' and what they are doing, what kinds of '''[[Laws against synthesis and other related crimes]]''' have been formulated, [[Synthetic human-like fakes#Timeline of synthetic human-like fakes|examine the SSFWIKI '''timeline''' of synthetic human-like fakes]] or [[Mediatheque|view the '''Mediatheque''']]. | |||
When it cannot be determined by human testing or media forensics whether some fake voice is a synthetic fake of some person's voice, or is it an actual recording made of that person's actual real voice, it is a pre-recorded '''[[Synthetic human-like fakes#Digital sound-alikes|digital sound-alike]]'''. | |||
''' | |||
<section end=definitions-of-synthetic-human-like-fakes /> | <section end=definitions-of-synthetic-human-like-fakes /> | ||
[[File:Screenshot at 27s of a moving digital-look-alike made to appear Obama-like by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed 2018.png|thumb|right|480px|link=Mediatheque/2018/Obama's appearance thieved - a public service announcement digital look-alike by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Obama-like-fake-2018}}]] | [[File:Screenshot at 27s of a moving digital-look-alike made to appear Obama-like by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed 2018.png|thumb|right|480px|link=Mediatheque/2018/Obama's appearance thieved - a public service announcement digital look-alike by Monkeypaw Productions and Buzzfeed|{{#lst:Mediatheque|Obama-like-fake-2018}}]] | ||
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<small>[[:File:Deb-2000-reflectance-separation.png|Original picture]] by [[w:Paul Debevec]] et al. - Copyright ACM 2000 https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=311779.344855</small>]] | <small>[[:File:Deb-2000-reflectance-separation.png|Original picture]] by [[w:Paul Debevec]] et al. - Copyright ACM 2000 https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=311779.344855</small>]] | ||
In the cinemas we have seen digital look-alikes for | In the cinemas we have seen digital look-alikes for over 15 years. These digital look-alikes have "clothing" (a simulation of clothing is not clothing) or "superhero costumes" and "superbaddie costumes", and they don't need to care about the laws of physics, let alone laws of physiology. It is generally accepted that digital look-alikes made their public debut in the sequels of The Matrix i.e. [[w:The Matrix Reloaded]] and [[w:The Matrix Revolutions]] released in 2003. It can be considered almost certain, that it was not possible to make these before the year 1999, as the final piece of the puzzle to make a (still) digital look-alike that passes human testing, the [[Glossary#Reflectance capture|reflectance capture]] over the human face, was made for the first time in 1999 at the [[w:University of Southern California]] and was presented to the crème de la crème | ||
of the computer graphics field in their annual gathering SIGGRAPH 2000.<ref name="Deb2000"> | of the computer graphics field in their annual gathering SIGGRAPH 2000.<ref name="Deb2000"> | ||
{{cite book | {{cite book | ||
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=== The problems with digital look-alikes === | === The problems with digital look-alikes === | ||
Extremely unfortunately for the humankind, organized criminal leagues, that posses the '''weapons capability''' of making believable looking '''synthetic pornography''', are producing on industrial production pipelines ''' | Extremely unfortunately for the humankind, organized criminal leagues, that posses the '''weapons capability''' of making believable looking '''synthetic pornography''', are producing on industrial production pipelines '''synthetic terror porn'''<ref group="footnote" name="About the term synthetic terror porn">It is terminologically more precise, more inclusive and more useful to talk about 'synthetic terror porn', if we want to talk about things with their real names, than 'synthetic rape porn', because also synthesizing recordings of consentual looking sex scenes can be terroristic in intent.</ref> by animating digital look-alikes and distributing it in the murky Internet in exchange for money stacks that are getting thinner and thinner as time goes by. | ||
These industrially produced pornographic delusions are causing great human suffering, especially in their direct victims, but they are also tearing our communities and societies apart, sowing blind rage, perceptions of deepening chaos, feelings of powerlessness and provoke violence. These kinds of '''hate illustration''' increases and strengthens hate feeling, hate thinking, hate speech and hate crimes and tears our fragile social constructions apart and with time perverts humankind's view of humankind into an almost unrecognizable shape, unless we interfere with resolve. | |||
=== List of possible naked digital look-alike attacks === | |||
''' | * The classic "''portrayal of as if in involuntary sex''"-attack. (Digital look-alike "cries") | ||
* "''Sexual preference alteration''"-attack. (Digital look-alike "smiles") | |||
''' | * "''Cutting / beating''"-attack (Constructs a deceptive history for genuine scars) | ||
* "''Mutilation''"-attack (Digital look-alike "dies") | |||
* "''Unconscious and injected''"-attack (Digital look-alike gets "disease") | |||
=== Age analysis and rejuvenating and aging syntheses === | === Age analysis and rejuvenating and aging syntheses === | ||
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== Digital sound-alikes == | == Digital sound-alikes == | ||
[[File:Helsingin-Sanomat-2012-David-Martin-Howard-of-University-of-York-on-apporaching-digital-sound-alikes.jpg|right|thumb|338px|A picture of a cut-away titled "''Voice-terrorist could mimic a leader''" from a 2012 [[w:Helsingin Sanomat]] warning that the sound-like-anyone machines are approaching. Thank you to homie [https://pure.york.ac.uk/portal/en/researchers/david-martin-howard(ecfa9e9e-1290-464f-981a-0c70a534609e).html Prof. David Martin Howard] of the [[w:University of York]], UK and the anonymous editor for the heads-up.]] | [[File:Helsingin-Sanomat-2012-David-Martin-Howard-of-University-of-York-on-apporaching-digital-sound-alikes.jpg|right|thumb|338px|A picture of a cut-away titled "''Voice-terrorist could mimic a leader''" from a 2012 [[w:Helsingin Sanomat]] warning that the sound-like-anyone machines are approaching. Thank you to homie [https://pure.york.ac.uk/portal/en/researchers/david-martin-howard(ecfa9e9e-1290-464f-981a-0c70a534609e).html Prof. David Martin Howard] of the [[w:University of York]], UK and the anonymous editor for the heads-up.]] | ||
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<section end=2021 digital sound-alike enabled fraud /> | <section end=2021 digital sound-alike enabled fraud /> | ||
=== What should we do about digital sound-alikes? === | |||
Living people can defend<ref group="footnote" name="judiciary maybe not aware">Whether a suspect can defend against faked synthetic speech that sounds like him/her depends on how up-to-date the judiciary is. If no information and instructions about digital sound-alikes have been given to the judiciary, they likely will not believe the defense of denying that the recording is of the suspect's voice.</ref> themselves against digital sound-alike by denying the things the digital sound-alike says if they are presented to the target, but dead people cannot. Digital sound-alikes offer criminals new disinformation attack vectors and wreak havoc on provability. | |||
For these reasons the bannable '''raw materials''' i.e. covert voice models '''[[Law proposals to ban covert modeling|should be prohibited by law]]''' in order to protect humans from abuse by criminal parties. | |||
=== Example of a hypothetical 4-victim digital sound-alike attack === | === Example of a hypothetical 4-victim digital sound-alike attack === | ||
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# Victim #3 - It could also be viewed that victim #3 is our law enforcement systems as they are put to chase after and interrogate the innocent victim #1 | # Victim #3 - It could also be viewed that victim #3 is our law enforcement systems as they are put to chase after and interrogate the innocent victim #1 | ||
# Victim #4 - Our judiciary which prosecutes and possibly convicts the innocent victim #1. | # Victim #4 - Our judiciary which prosecutes and possibly convicts the innocent victim #1. | ||
Thus it is high time to act and to '''[[Law proposals to ban covert modeling|criminalize the covert modeling of human voice!]]''' | |||
=== Examples of speech synthesis software not quite able to fool a human yet === | === Examples of speech synthesis software not quite able to fool a human yet === | ||
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[[File:Spectrogram-19thC.png|thumb|right|640px|A [[w:spectrogram]] of a male voice saying 'nineteenth century']] | [[File:Spectrogram-19thC.png|thumb|right|640px|A [[w:spectrogram]] of a male voice saying 'nineteenth century']] | ||
== Text syntheses == | == Text syntheses == | ||
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* [https://analyticssteps.com/blogs/detection-fake-and-false-news-text-analysis-approaches-and-cnn-deep-learning-model '''"Detection of Fake and False News (Text Analysis): Approaches and CNN as Deep Learning Model"''' at analyticsteps.com], a 2019 summmary written by Shubham Panth. | * [https://analyticssteps.com/blogs/detection-fake-and-false-news-text-analysis-approaches-and-cnn-deep-learning-model '''"Detection of Fake and False News (Text Analysis): Approaches and CNN as Deep Learning Model"''' at analyticsteps.com], a 2019 summmary written by Shubham Panth. | ||
'''Detectors for synthesized texts''' | |||
Introduction of [[w:ChatGPT]] by OpenAI brought the need for software to detect machine-generated texts. | Introduction of [[w:ChatGPT]] by OpenAI brought the need for software to detect machine-generated texts. | ||
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* [https://contentdetector.ai/ '''AI Content Detector''' at contentdetector.ai]- ''AI Content Detector - Detect ChatGPT Plagiarism'' ('''try for free''') | * [https://contentdetector.ai/ '''AI Content Detector''' at contentdetector.ai]- ''AI Content Detector - Detect ChatGPT Plagiarism'' ('''try for free''') | ||
* [https://platform.openai.com/ai-text-classifier '''AI Text Classifier''' at platform.openai.com]- ''The AI Text Classifier is a fine-tuned GPT model that predicts how likely it is that a piece of text was generated by AI from a variety of sources, such as ChatGPT.'' ('''free account required''') | * [https://platform.openai.com/ai-text-classifier '''AI Text Classifier''' at platform.openai.com]- ''The AI Text Classifier is a fine-tuned GPT model that predicts how likely it is that a piece of text was generated by AI from a variety of sources, such as ChatGPT.'' ('''free account required''') | ||
* [https://gptradar.com/ '''GPT Radar''' at gptradar.com] | * [https://gptradar.com/ '''GPT Radar''' at gptradar.com]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Wordlift.io 2023">https://wordlift.io/blog/en/best-plagiarism-checkers-for-ai-generated-content/</ref> - ''AI text detector app'' ('''try for free''') | ||
* [https://gptzero.me/ '''GPTZero''' at gptzero.me] - ''The World's #1 AI Detector with over 1 Million Users'' ('''try for free''') | * [https://gptzero.me/ '''GPTZero''' at gptzero.me] - ''The World's #1 AI Detector with over 1 Million Users'' ('''try for free''') | ||
* [https://copyleaks.com/plagiarism-checker '''Plagiarism Checker''' at copyleaks.com]- ''Plagiarism Checker by Copyleaks'' ('''try for free''') | * [https://copyleaks.com/plagiarism-checker '''Plagiarism Checker''' at copyleaks.com]- ''Plagiarism Checker by Copyleaks'' ('''try for free''') | ||
* [https://www.zerogpt.com/ '''ZeroGPT''' at zerogpt.com]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Wordlift.io 2023" /> - ''GPT-4 And ChatGPT detector by ZeroGPT: detect OpenAI text - ZeroGPT the most Advanced and Reliable Chat GPT and GPT-4 detector tool'' ('''try for free''') | * [https://www.zerogpt.com/ '''ZeroGPT''' at zerogpt.com]<ref group="1st seen in" name="Wordlift.io 2023" /> - ''GPT-4 And ChatGPT detector by ZeroGPT: detect OpenAI text - ZeroGPT the most Advanced and Reliable Chat GPT and GPT-4 detector tool'' ('''try for free''') | ||
== Handwriting syntheses == | == Handwriting syntheses == | ||
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== 2020's synthetic human-like fakes == | == 2020's synthetic human-like fakes == | ||
* '''2023''' | * '''2023''' | '''<font color="green">Law</font>''' | {{#lst:Law on sexual offences in Finland 2023|what-is-it}} | ||
* '''2022''' | <font color="orange">'''science'''</font> and <font color="green">'''demonstration'''</font> | [[w:OpenAI]][https://openai.com/ (.com)] published [[w:ChatGPT]], a discutational AI accessible with a free account at [https://chat.openai.com/ chat.openai.com]. Initial version was published on 2022-11-30. | * '''2022''' | <font color="orange">'''science'''</font> and <font color="green">'''demonstration'''</font> | [[w:OpenAI]][https://openai.com/ (.com)] published [[w:ChatGPT]], a discutational AI accessible with a free account at [https://chat.openai.com/ chat.openai.com]. Initial version was published on 2022-11-30. | ||
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* '''2022''' | '''<font color="green">brief report of counter-measures</font>''' | {{#lst:Protecting world leaders against deep fakes using facial, gestural, and vocal mannerisms|what-is-it}} Publication date 2022-11-23. | * '''2022''' | '''<font color="green">brief report of counter-measures</font>''' | {{#lst:Protecting world leaders against deep fakes using facial, gestural, and vocal mannerisms|what-is-it}} Publication date 2022-11-23. | ||
* '''2022''' | '''<font color="green">counter-measure</font>''' | {{#lst:Detecting | * '''2022''' | '''<font color="green">counter-measure</font>''' | {{#lst:Who Are You (I Really Wanna Know)? Detecting Audio DeepFakes Through Vocal Tract Reconstruction|what-is-it}} | ||
:{{#lst:Detecting | :{{#lst:Who Are You (I Really Wanna Know)? Detecting Audio DeepFakes Through Vocal Tract Reconstruction|original-reporting}}. Presented to peers in August 2022 and to the general public in September 2022. | ||
* '''2022''' | science | [[w:DALL-E]] 2, a successor designed to generate more realistic images at higher resolutions that "can combine concepts, attributes, and styles" was published in April 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DALL·E 2 |url=https://openai.com/dall-e-2/ |access-date=2023-04-22 |website=OpenAI |language=en-US}}</ref> ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DALL-E&oldid=1151136107 Wikipedia]) | * '''2022''' | science | [[w:DALL-E]] 2, a successor designed to generate more realistic images at higher resolutions that "can combine concepts, attributes, and styles" was published in April 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DALL·E 2 |url=https://openai.com/dall-e-2/ |access-date=2023-04-22 |website=OpenAI |language=en-US}}</ref> ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DALL-E&oldid=1151136107 Wikipedia]) | ||
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* '''2013''' | demonstration | A '''[https://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Scanning%20and%20Printing%20a%203D%20Portrait%20of%20President%20Barack%20Obama.pdf 'Scanning and Printing a 3D Portrait of President Barack Obama' at ict.usc.edu]'''. A 7D model and a 3D bust was made of President Obama with his consent. Relevancy: <font color="green">'''Relevancy: certain'''</font> | * '''2013''' | demonstration | A '''[https://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Scanning%20and%20Printing%20a%203D%20Portrait%20of%20President%20Barack%20Obama.pdf 'Scanning and Printing a 3D Portrait of President Barack Obama' at ict.usc.edu]'''. A 7D model and a 3D bust was made of President Obama with his consent. Relevancy: <font color="green">'''Relevancy: certain'''</font> | ||
== 2000's synthetic human-like fakes == | == 2000's synthetic human-like fakes == | ||
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* <font color="red">'''1999'''</font> | <font color="red">'''institute founded'''</font> | The '''[[w:Institute for Creative Technologies]]''' was founded by the [[w:United States Army]] in the [[w:University of Southern California]]. It collaborates with the [[w:United States Army Futures Command]], [[w:United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command]], [[w:Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center]] and [[w:United States Army Research Laboratory]].<ref name="ICT-about">https://ict.usc.edu/about/</ref>. In 2016 [[w:Hao Li]] was appointed to direct the institute. | * <font color="red">'''1999'''</font> | <font color="red">'''institute founded'''</font> | The '''[[w:Institute for Creative Technologies]]''' was founded by the [[w:United States Army]] in the [[w:University of Southern California]]. It collaborates with the [[w:United States Army Futures Command]], [[w:United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command]], [[w:Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center]] and [[w:United States Army Research Laboratory]].<ref name="ICT-about">https://ict.usc.edu/about/</ref>. In 2016 [[w:Hao Li]] was appointed to direct the institute. | ||
* '''1997''' | '''technology / science''' | [https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Research/Projects/CS/vision/human/bregler-sig97.pdf ''''Video rewrite: Driving visual speech with audio'''' at www2.eecs.berkeley.edu]<ref name="Bregler1997" /><ref group="1st seen in" name="Bohacek-Farid-2022"> | * '''1997''' | '''technology / science''' | [https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Research/Projects/CS/vision/human/bregler-sig97.pdf ''''Video rewrite: Driving visual speech with audio'''' at www2.eecs.berkeley.edu]<ref name="Bregler1997"> | ||
{{cite journal | |||
| last1 = Bregler | |||
| first1 = Christoph | |||
| last2 = Covell | |||
| first2 = Michele | |||
| last3 = Slaney | |||
| first3 = Malcolm | |||
| date = 1997-08-03 | |||
| title = Video Rewrite: Driving Visual Speech with Audio | |||
| url = https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Research/Projects/CS/vision/human/bregler-sig97.pdf | |||
| journal = SIGGRAPH '97: Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques | |||
| volume = | |||
| issue = | |||
| pages = 353-360 | |||
| doi = 10.1145/258734.258880 | |||
| access-date = 2022-09-09 | |||
}} | |||
</ref><ref group="1st seen in" name="Bohacek-Farid-2022"> | |||
PROTECTING PRESIDENT ZELENSKYY AGAINST DEEP FAKES https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.12043.pdf | PROTECTING PRESIDENT ZELENSKYY AGAINST DEEP FAKES https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.12043.pdf | ||
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== Contact information of organizations == | == Contact information of organizations == | ||
Please contact | Please contact these organizations and tell them to work harder against the disinformation weapons | ||
<references group="contact" /> | |||
= 1st seen in = | = 1st seen in = |