Editing Laws against synthesis and other related crimes
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This article contains some current laws against abusive uses of synthetic human-like fakes and also information what kind of laws are being prepared and two SSFWIKI original law proposals, [[#Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth|one against digital look-alikes]] and [[#Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice|one against digital sound-alikes]]. | This article contains some current laws against abusive uses of synthetic human-like fakes and also information what kind of laws are being prepared and two SSFWIKI original law proposals, [[#Law proposal to ban visual synthetic filth|one against digital look-alikes]] and [[#Law proposal to ban unauthorized modeling of human voice|one against digital sound-alikes]]. | ||
= Current laws against synthetic filth = | |||
== Law on synthetic filth in Virginia 2019 == | |||
=== Code of Virginia § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty === | === Code of Virginia § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty === | ||
[[File:Flag of Virginia.svg|thumb| | [[File:Flag of Virginia.svg|thumb|left|200px|[[w:Virginia]], an avant-garde state. Motto "[[w:Sic semper tyrannis]]"]] | ||
<section begin=Virginia2019 />[[File:Marcus Simon.jpeg|thumb|right|108px|Homie [[w:Marcus Simon|w:Marcus Simon]] ([http://marcussimon.com/ marcussimon.com]) is a Member of the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] and a true pioneer in legislating against synthetic filth.]] Since July 1 2019<ref> | <section begin=Virginia2019 />[[File:Marcus Simon.jpeg|thumb|right|108px|Homie [[w:Marcus Simon|w:Marcus Simon]] ([http://marcussimon.com/ marcussimon.com]) is a Member of the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] and a true pioneer in legislating against synthetic filth.]] Since July 1 2019<ref> | ||
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The [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ section '''§ 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''' of Virginia] is as follows: | The [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-386.2/ section '''§ 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty.''' of Virginia] is as follows: | ||
'''A'''. ''Any [[w:person]] who, with the [[w:Intention (criminal law)|w:intent]] to [[w:coercion|w:coerce]], [[w:harassment|w:harass]], or [[w:intimidation|w:intimidate]], [[w:Malice_(law)|w:malicious]]ly [[w:dissemination|w:disseminates]] or [[w:sales|w:sells]] any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever that [[w:Depiction|w:depicts]] another person who is totally [[w:nudity|w:nude]], or in a state of undress so as to expose the [[w:sex organs|w:genitals]], pubic area, [[w:buttocks]], or female [[w:breast]], where such person knows or has reason to know that he is not [[w:license]]d or [[w:authorization|w:authorized]] to disseminate or sell such [[w:Video|w:videographic]] or [[w:Film still|w:still image]] is [[w:Guilt (law)|w:guilty]] of a Class 1 [[w:Misdemeanor#United States|w:misdemeanor]]. '' | '''A'''. ''Any [[w:person]] who, with the [[w:Intention (criminal law)|w:intent]] to [[w:coercion|w:coerce]], [[w:harassment|w:harass]], or [[w:intimidation|w:intimidate]], [[w:Malice_(law)|w:malicious]]ly [[w:dissemination|w:disseminates]] or [[w:sales|w:sells]] any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever that [[w:Depiction|w:depicts]] another person who is totally [[w:nudity|w:nude]], or in a state of undress so as to expose the [[w:sex organs|w:genitals]], pubic area, [[w:buttocks]], or female [[w:breast]], where such person knows or has reason to know that he is not [[w:license]]d or [[w:authorization|w:authorized]] to disseminate or sell such [[w:Video|w:videographic]] or [[w:Film still|w:still image]] is [[w:Guilt (law)|w:guilty]] of a Class 1 [[w:Misdemeanor#United States|w:misdemeanor]]. '' | ||
::For purposes of this subsection, "another person" includes a person whose image was used in creating, adapting, or modifying a videographic or still image with the intent to depict an actual person and who is recognizable as an actual person by the person's [[w:face]], [[w:Simulacrum|w:likeness]], or other distinguishing characteristic.'' | ::For purposes of this subsection, "another person" includes a person whose image was used in creating, adapting, or modifying a videographic or still image with the intent to depict an actual person and who is recognizable as an actual person by the person's [[w:face]], [[w:Simulacrum|w:likeness]], or other distinguishing characteristic.'' | ||
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The identical bills were [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+HB2678 House Bill 2678] presented by [[w:Delegate (American politics)|w:Delegate]] [[w:Marcus Simon]] to the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] on January 14 2019 and three day later an identical [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+SB1736 Senate bill 1736] was introduced to the [[w:Senate of Virginia]] by Senator [[w:Adam Ebbin]]. | The identical bills were [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+HB2678 House Bill 2678] presented by [[w:Delegate (American politics)|w:Delegate]] [[w:Marcus Simon]] to the [[w:Virginia House of Delegates]] on January 14 2019 and three day later an identical [https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+SB1736 Senate bill 1736] was introduced to the [[w:Senate of Virginia]] by Senator [[w:Adam Ebbin]]. | ||
<section end=Virginia2019 /> | <section end=Virginia2019 /> | ||
== Law | == Law on synthetic filth in Texas 2019 == | ||
=== Texas SB 751 - Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election === | === Texas SB 751 - Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election === | ||
[[File:Flag of Texas.svg|thumb| | [[File:Flag of Texas.svg|thumb|left|200px|[[w:Texas]], the Lone Star State has protected the political candidates, but not ordinary folk against synthetic filth.]] | ||
<section begin=Texas2019 />On September 1 2019 [[w:Texas Senate]] bill [https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/86R/billtext/html/SB00751F.htm '''SB 751''' - '''''Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election'''''] [[w:amendment]]s to the election code came into effect in the [[w:Law of Texas]], giving [[w:candidates]] in [[w:elections]] a '''30-day protection period''' to the elections during which making and distributing digital look-alikes or synthetic fakes of the candidates is an offense. The law text defines the subject of the law as "''a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality''"<ref name="TexasSB751"> | <section begin=Texas2019 />On September 1 2019 [[w:Texas Senate]] bill [https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/86R/billtext/html/SB00751F.htm '''SB 751''' - '''''Relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election'''''] [[w:amendment]]s to the election code came into effect in the [[w:Law of Texas]], giving [[w:candidates]] in [[w:elections]] a '''30-day protection period''' to the elections during which making and distributing digital look-alikes or synthetic fakes of the candidates is an offense. The law text defines the subject of the law as "''a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality''"<ref name="TexasSB751"> | ||
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The text of '''S.B. No. 751''' is as follows | The text of '''S.B. No. 751''' is as follows | ||
'''''AN ACT relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election.''''' | '''''AN ACT relating to the creation of a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election.''''' | ||
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* ('''e''') ''In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the '''intent to deceive''', that '''appears to depict''' a real person performing an action that '''did not occur''' in '''reality'''.'' | * ('''e''') ''In this section, "deep fake video" means a video, created with the '''intent to deceive''', that '''appears to depict''' a real person performing an action that '''did not occur''' in '''reality'''.'' | ||
SECTION 2. ''This Act takes effect September 1, 2019.'' | SECTION 2. ''This Act takes effect September 1, 2019.'' | ||
---- | ---- | ||
* [[w:Texas Legislature]] | * [[w:Texas Legislature]] | ||
== Law | == Law on synthetic filth in California 2020 == | ||
=== California AB-602 - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action === | === California AB-602 - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action === | ||
[[File:Flag of California.svg|thumb| | [[File:Flag of California.svg|thumb|left|200px|[[w:California]] moved later than Virginia, but it outlawed also the manufacture of synthetic filth on Jan 1 2020.]] | ||
<section begin=California2020 />[[File:Marc Berman.jpg|thumb|120px|right|Homie [[w:Marc Berman|w:Marc Berman]], a righteous fighter for our human rights in this age of industrial disinformation filth and an Assemblymember of the [[w:California State Assembly]], most loved for authoring [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 '''AB-602''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''], which came into effect on Jan 1 2020, banning both the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted.]] January 1 2020 <ref name="KFI2019"> | <section begin=California2020 />[[File:Marc Berman.jpg|thumb|120px|right|Homie [[w:Marc Berman|w:Marc Berman]], a righteous fighter for our human rights in this age of industrial disinformation filth and an Assemblymember of the [[w:California State Assembly]], most loved for authoring [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602 '''AB-602''' - ''Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action''], which came into effect on Jan 1 2020, banning both the manufacturing and [[w:digital distribution]] of synthetic pornography without the [[w:consent]] of the people depicted.]] January 1 2020 <ref name="KFI2019"> | ||
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Existing law creates a private [[w:Cause of action|w:right of action]] against a person who intentionally distributes a photograph or recorded image of another that exposes the intimate body parts of that person or of a person engaged in a sexual act '''without the person’s consent''' if specified conditions are met. | Existing law creates a private [[w:Cause of action|w:right of action]] against a person who intentionally distributes a photograph or recorded image of another that exposes the intimate body parts of that person or of a person engaged in a sexual act '''without the person’s consent''' if specified conditions are met. | ||
This bill would provide that a '''depicted individual''', as defined, has a '''[[w:cause of action]] against''' a person who | This bill would provide that a '''depicted individual''', as defined, has a '''[[w:cause of action]] against''' a person who either | ||
* (1) '''creates''' and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material if the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted''' individual '''did not [[w:consent]]''' to its creation or disclosure or | * (1) '''creates''' and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material if the person knows or reasonably should have known the '''depicted''' individual '''did not [[w:consent]]''' to its creation or disclosure or | ||
* (2) who '''intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create if the person knows the '''depicted''' individual '''did not consent''' to its creation. | * (2) who '''intentionally discloses''' sexually explicit material that the person did not create if the person knows the '''depicted''' individual '''did not consent''' to its creation. | ||
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'''The law is as follows''': | '''The law is as follows''': | ||
SECTION 1. Section 1708.86 is added to the [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codesTOCSelected.xhtml?tocCode=CIV&tocTitle=+Civil+Code+-+CIV Civil Code of California], to read: | SECTION 1. Section 1708.86 is added to the [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codesTOCSelected.xhtml?tocCode=CIV&tocTitle=+Civil+Code+-+CIV Civil Code of California], to read: | ||
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('''g''') The provisions of this section are severable. If any provision of this section or its application is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions. | ('''g''') The provisions of this section are severable. If any provision of this section or its application is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions. | ||
<ref name="CaliforniaStateLaw AB 602"> | <ref name="CaliforniaStateLaw AB 602"> | ||
{{Citation | {{Citation | ||
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* [[w:California State Legislature]] | * [[w:California State Legislature]] | ||
== Law | == Law on synthetic filth in China 2020 == | ||
[[File:Flag of | [[File:Flag of China.png|thumb|left|200px|China passed a law requiring faked footage to be labeled as such]] | ||
<section begin=China2020 />On January 1 2020 Chinese law requiring that synthetically faked footage should bear a clear notice about its fakeness came into effect. Failure to comply could be considered a [[w:crime]] the [[w:Cyberspace Administration of China]] ([http://www.cac.gov.cn/ cac.gov.cn]) stated on its website. China announced this new law in November 2019.<ref name="Reuters2019"> | |||
{{cite web | |||
| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-technology/china-seeks-to-root-out-fake-news-and-deepfakes-with-new-online-content-rules-idUSKBN1Y30VU | |||
| title = China seeks to root out fake news and deepfakes with new online content rules | |||
| last = | |||
| first = | |||
| date = 2019-11-29 | |||
| website = [[w:Reuters.com]] | |||
| publisher = [[w:Reuters]] | |||
| access-date = 2021-01-23 | |||
| quote = }} | |||
</ref> The Chinese government seems to be reserving the right to prosecute both users and [[w:online video platform]]s failing to abide by the rules. <ref name="TheVerge2019"> | |||
{{cite web | |||
| url = https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/29/20988363/china-deepfakes-ban-internet-rules-fake-news-disclosure-virtual-reality | |||
| title = China makes it a criminal offense to publish deepfakes or fake news without disclosure | |||
| last = Statt | |||
| first = Nick | |||
| date = 2019-11-29 | |||
| website = | |||
| publisher = [[w:The Verge]] | |||
| access-date = 2021-01-23 | |||
| quote = }} | |||
</ref> | |||
<section end=China2020 /> | |||
== Law on synthetic filth in Georgia in 2021 == | |||
=== Georgia Code § 16-11-90 === | === Georgia Code § 16-11-90 === | ||
'''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/ Georgia Code]''' / '''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ Title 16. Crimes and Offenses]''' [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html Chapter 11 "Offenses Against Public Order and Safety", Article 3 "Invasions of Privacy", Part 3 "Invasion of privacy" '''GA CODE § 16-11-90'''] | '''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/ Georgia Code]''' / '''[https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ Title 16. Crimes and Offenses]''' [https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-16-crimes-and-offenses/ga-code-sect-16-11-90.html Chapter 11 "Offenses Against Public Order and Safety", Article 3 "Invasions of Privacy", Part 3 "Invasion of privacy" '''GA CODE § 16-11-90'''] | ||
<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list">https:// | <ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list">https://accsstaging.com/ccri/deep-fake-laws/</ref> | ||
'''The law is''' as of April 14, 2021<ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com" /> as follows: | '''The law is''' as of April 14, 2021<ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com" /> as follows: | ||
('''a''') As used in this Code section, the term: | ('''a''') As used in this Code section, the term: | ||
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('''f''') There shall be a rebuttable presumption that an information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server, including specifically a service or system that provides access to the Internet, for content provided by another person, does not know the content of an electronic transmission or post. | ('''f''') There shall be a rebuttable presumption that an information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server, including specifically a service or system that provides access to the Internet, for content provided by another person, does not know the content of an electronic transmission or post. | ||
('''g''') Any violation of this Code section shall constitute a separate offense and shall not merge with any other crimes set forth in this title. | ('''g''') Any violation of this Code section shall constitute a separate offense and shall not merge with any other crimes set forth in this title.<ref name="Georgia Code § 16-11-90 at findlaw.com"> | ||
{{cite web | {{cite web | ||
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</ref> | </ref> | ||
== Law | == Law on synthetic filth in New York State in 2021 == | ||
=== New York State - CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy SECTION 52-C - Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual === | === New York State - CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy SECTION 52-C - Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual === | ||
[https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/-CH6 '''CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights'''] [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/A5 '''ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual '''SECTION 52-C''' - '''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual''']<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list" /> | [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED '''Consolidated Laws of New York'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/-CH6 '''CHAPTER 6 Civil Rights'''] [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/A5 '''ARTICLE 5 Right of Privacy'''] / [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVR/52-C#:~:text=Section%2052%2DC%20Private%20right,explicit%20depiction%20of%20an%20individual '''SECTION 52-C''' - '''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual''']<ref group="1st seen in" name="CCRI US deepfake laws list" /> | ||
'''The law is as follows:''' | '''The law is as follows:''' | ||
<big>'''§ 52-c''' - '''''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual.''''' </big><sup>Obs: There are 2 § 52-c's</sup> | <big>'''§ 52-c''' - '''''Private right of action for unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual.''''' </big><sup>Obs: There are 2 § 52-c's</sup> | ||
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'''10.''' Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit, or to enlarge, the protections that 47 U.S.C. § 230 confers on an interactive | '''10.''' Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit, or to enlarge, the protections that 47 U.S.C. § 230 confers on an interactive | ||
computer service for content provided by another information content provider, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. § 230. | computer service for content provided by another information content provider, as such terms are defined in 47 U.S.C. § 230.<ref name="New York State Civil Rights CHAPTER 6, ARTICLE 5, SECTION 52-C"> | ||
{{cite web | {{cite web | ||
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</ref> | </ref> | ||
---- | |||
== | = Action needed = | ||
== EU Law on AI 20?? == | |||
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|left|200px|The EU must address the malicious uses of AI in the law it is planning to regulate AI.]] | |||
The European Union is planning a law on AI | |||
* Read [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206 Proposal for a '''''REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL LAYING DOWN HARMONISED RULES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACT) AND AMENDING CERTAIN UNION LEGISLATIVE ACTS''''' at eur-lex.europa.eu]<ref group="1st seen in">https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/the-act/ via https://futureoflife.org/ newsletter</ref> (also contains translations) | |||
* [https:// | |||
* https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/ is a website on the planned law by the [https://futureoflife.org/ Future of Life Institute], an American non-profit NGO. | |||
=== | == Law on synthetic filth in the UK 20?? == | ||
[https://www. | [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|thumb|left|200px|The UK needs to improve its legislation. Please [https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images sign the petition initiated by Helen Mort] in late 2020.]] | ||
[[File:Helen Mort (2014).jpg|thumb|right|245px|[[w:Helen Mort]] is a British poet, novelist and activist against [[synthetic human-like fakes]]. Please sign the petition [https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images ''''''Tighten regulation on taking, making and faking explicit images'''''' at Change.org] originated by her and to be delivered to the [[w:Law Commission (England and Wales)]] and the prime minister.]] | |||
The UK law does not seem very up-to-date on the issue of synthetic filth. | |||
The independent [[w:Law Commission (England and Wales)]] is currently reviewing the law as it applies to taking, making and sharing intimate images without consent. The outcome of the consultation is due to be published later in 2021.<ref name="BBC2021"> | |||
= | {{cite web | ||
|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-55546372 | |||
|title = 'Deepfake porn images still give me nightmares' | |||
|last = Royle | |||
|first = Sara | |||
|date = 2021-01-05 | |||
|website = [[w:BBC Online]] | |||
|publisher = [[w:BBC]] | |||
|access-date = 2021-01-31 | |||
|quote = She alerted the police to the images but was told that no action could be taken. Dr Aislinn O'Connell, a lecturer in law at Royal Holloway University of London, explained that Helen's case fell outside the current law.}} | |||
</ref> | |||
"In 2019, law expert Dr Aislinn O’Connell told [[w:The Independent]] that our current laws on image sharing are piecemeal and not fit for purpose. In October 2018 The [[w:Women and Equalities Committee]] called on the UK Government to introduce new legislation on image-based sexual abuse in order to '''criminalise ALL''' non-consensual creation and distribution of intimate sexual images."<ref name="MortPetition2020"> | |||
The | |||
= | {{cite web | ||
[[ | |url = https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images | ||
|title = Change.org petition: 'Tighten regulation on taking, making and faking explicit images' | |||
|last = Mort | |||
|first = Helen | |||
|date = 2020 | |||
|website = [[w:Change.org]] | |||
|publisher = [[w:Change.org]] | |||
|access-date = 2021-01-31 | |||
|quote = Unlike other forms of revenge porn, creating pictures or videos like this is not yet illegal in the UK, though it is in some places in the US. The police were unable to help me.}} | |||
</ref> This call is for similar laws as California put in place on January 1 2020. | |||
The petition [https://www.change.org/p/the-law-comission-tighten-regulation-on-taking-making-and-faking-explicit-images ''''''Tighten regulation on taking, making and faking explicit images'''''' at Change.org] by [[w:Helen Mort]] aims to petition the UK govt for proper legislation against synthetic filth. See the [[mediatheque]] for a video by Helen Mort on her ordeal of becoming the victim of covert disinformation attacks. | |||
{{#lst:Mediatheque|HelenMort2020}} | |||
= Bills in the works = | |||
== Law on synthetic filth in New York 20?? == | |||
[[File:Flag of New York (1909–2020).png|thumb|left|200px|[[w:New York State Legislature]] regular session 2021-2022 is contemplating the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York senate bill '''S1641'''] and identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 assembly bill '''A6517'''] to ban sending unsolicited pornography.]] | |||
In the 2021-2022 [[w:New York State Senate]] regular sessions, on 2021-01-14 Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored and Senators [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) and [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] of the New York State Senate co-sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law]. On 2021-03-19 an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] was introduced to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] by Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]).<ref group="1st seen in"> | In the 2021-2022 [[w:New York State Senate]] regular sessions, on 2021-01-14 Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored and Senators [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) and [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] of the New York State Senate co-sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law]. On 2021-03-19 an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] was introduced to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] by Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]).<ref group="1st seen in"> | ||
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<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
File:Nopic.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law]. | File:Nopic.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Senator [[w:James Skoufis]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/james-skoufis official website]) sponsored [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S1641 New York Senate bill '''S1641'''] to add section '''§ 250.70 ''UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL''''' to the [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3TNA250 Article 250 of the penal law]. | ||
File: | File:BrianBenjaminFlag.jpg|thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Brian Benjamin]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/brian-benjamin official website]) is a cosponsor of S1641 | ||
File:Todd_Kaminsky_Head_Shot.jpg||thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] is a cosponsor of S1641 | File:Todd_Kaminsky_Head_Shot.jpg||thumb|260px|Senator [[w:Todd Kaminsky]] ([https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/todd-kaminsky official website)] is a cosponsor of S1641 | ||
File:Aileen_Gunther.jpg|thumb|260px|NY Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]) presented an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] on 2021-03-19. | File:Aileen_Gunther.jpg|thumb|260px|NY Assembly Member [[w:Aileen Gunther]] ([https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Aileen-M-Gunther official website]) presented an identical [https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A6517 New York Assembly bill '''A6517''' - ''Establishes the crime of unlawful electronic transmission of sexually explicit visual material''] to the [[w:New York State Assembly]] on 2021-03-19. | ||
* [[w:New York State Legislature]] | * [[w:New York State Legislature]] | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
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''' From Europe''' | ''' From Europe''' | ||
[[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb| | [[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|left|180px|The [[w:European Union]]'s [[w:European Parliament|Parliament]]'s [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] on [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives].]] | ||
* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf ''''''The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives'''''' (.pdf) at europarl.europa.eu], a March 2020 study by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] Starting from page 37 the .pdf lists organizations in the field. | * [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf ''''''The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives'''''' (.pdf) at europarl.europa.eu], a March 2020 study by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]] Starting from page 37 the .pdf lists organizations in the field. | ||
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* [https://ssri.duke.edu/news/don%E2%80%99t-believe-your-eyes-or-ears-weaponization-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-and ''''''Don’t Believe Your Eyes (or Ears): The Weaponization of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deepfakes'''''' at ssri.duke.edu], an October 2019 news article by Joe Littell, published by the Social Science Research Institute at the [[w:Duke University]] | * [https://ssri.duke.edu/news/don%E2%80%99t-believe-your-eyes-or-ears-weaponization-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-and ''''''Don’t Believe Your Eyes (or Ears): The Weaponization of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deepfakes'''''' at ssri.duke.edu], an October 2019 news article by Joe Littell, published by the Social Science Research Institute at the [[w:Duke University]] | ||
* [https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/dltr/vol17/iss1/4/ ''''''Deepfakes: False Pornography Is Here and the Law Cannot Protect You'''''' at scholarship.law.duke.edu], published in 2019 in the [[w:Duke Law Journal|Duke Law Journal]], a student-run law review. | * [https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/dltr/vol17/iss1/4/ ''''''Deepfakes: False Pornography Is Here and the Law Cannot Protect You'''''' at scholarship.law.duke.edu], published in 2019 in the [[w:Duke Law Journal|Duke Law Journal]], a student-run law review. | ||
== The countries that have unfortunately banned full face veil == | == The countries that have unfortunately banned full face veil == | ||
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= References = | = References = | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||