Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes

Countermeasures against synthetic human-like fakes

Organizations that should get back to the task at hand - FacePinPoint.com

Transcluded from FacePinPoint.com

FacePinPoint.com was a for-a-fee service from 2017 to 2021 for pointing out where in pornography sites a particular face appears, or in the case of synthetic pornography, a digital look-alike makes make-believe of a face or body appearing.The inventor and founder of FacePinPoint.com, Mr. Lionel Hagege registered the domain name in 2015, when he set out to research the feasibility of his action plan idea against non-consensual pornography. The description of how FacePinPoint.com worked is the same as Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)'s description.

Organizations against synthetic human-like fakes

• The WITNESS Media Lab at lab.witness.org by w:Witness (organization)contact form) (contact form), a human rights non-profit organization based out of Brooklyn, New York, is against synthetic filth actively since 2018. They work both in awareness raising as well as media forensics.
  • Open-source intelligence digital forensics - How do we work together to detect AI-manipulated media? at lab.witness.org. "In February 2019 WITNESS in association with w:George Washington University brought together a group of leading researchers in media forensics and w:detection of w:deepfakes and other w:media manipulation with leading experts in social newsgathering, w:User-generated content and w:open-source intelligence (w:OSINT) verification and w:fact-checking." (website)
  • Prepare, Don’t Panic: Synthetic Media and Deepfakes at lab.witness.org is a summary page for WITNESS Media Lab's ongoing work against synthetic human-like fakes. Their work was launched in 2018 with the first multi-disciplinary convening around deepfakes preparedness which lead to the writing of the report “Mal-uses of AI-generated Synthetic Media and Deepfakes: Pragmatic Solutions Discovery Convening” (dated 2018-06-11). Deepfakes and Synthetic Media: What should we fear? What can we do? at blog.witness.org

• Cyber Civil Rights Initiative at cybercivilrights.org, a US-based NGO.
  • https://accsstaging.com/ccri/
    • https://accsstaging.com/ccri/deep-fake-laws/ in the USA
    • https://accsstaging.com/ccri/sextortion-laws/ in the USA
    • https://accsstaging.com/ccri/nonconsensual-pornagraphy-laws/ in the USA

• AIAAIC at aiaaic.org was founded by Charlie Pownall. The AIAAIC repository at aiaaic.org contains tons of reporting on different problematic uses of AI. The domain name aiaaic.org was registered on Tuesday 2021-02-23.

• Battling Against Demeaning and Abusive Selfie Sharing at badassarmy.org have compiled a list of revenge porn laws by US states

• Reality Defender at realitydefender.ai - Enterprise-Grade Deepfake Detection Platform for many stakeholders

w:California w:Senator w:Connie Leyva sponsored California Senate Bill SB 564 - Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action in Feb 2019. It is identical to Assembly Bill 602 authored by w:Marc Berman. The bill was endorsed by SAG-AFTRA. It became law on 1 January 2020 in the w:California Civil Code of the w:California Codes.

• Screen Actors Guild - American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - w:SAG-AFTRA (sagaftra.org contact form SAG-AFTRA ACTION ALERT: "Support California Bill to End Deepfake Porn" at sagaftra.org endorses California Senate Bill SB 564 introduced to the w:California State Senate by w:California w:Senator Connie Leyva in Feb 2019.

Organizations for media forensics

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, better known as w:DARPA has been active in the field of countering synthetic fake video for longer than the public has been aware of the problems existing.

• w:DARPA (darpa.mil) contact formDARPA program: 'Media Forensics' (MediFor) at darpa.mil aims to develop technologies for the automated assessment of the integrity of an image or video and integrating these in an end-to-end media forensics platform. Archive.org first crawled their homepage in June 2016.

• DARPA program: 'Semantic Forensics' (SemaFor) at darpa.mil aims to counter synthetic disinformation by developing systems for detecting semantic inconsistencies in forged media. They state that they hope to create technologies that "will help identify, deter, and understand adversary disinformation campaigns". More information at w:Duke University's Research Funding database: Semantic Forensics (SemaFor) at researchfunding.duke.edu and some at Semantic Forensics grant opportunity (closed Nov 2019) at grants.gov. Archive.org first cralwed their website in November 2019

• w:University of Colorado Denver's College of Arts & Media is the home of the National Center for Media Forensics at artsandmedia.ucdenver.edu at the w:University of Colorado Denver offers a Master's degree program, training courses and scientific basic and applied research. Faculty staff at the NCMF

• Media Forensics Hub at clemson.edu at the Watt Family Innovation Center of the w:Clemson University has the aims of promoting multi-disciplinary research, collecting and facilitating discussion and ideation of challenges and solutions. They provide resources, research, media forensics education and are running a Working Group on disinformation.

Organizations possibly against synthetic human-like fakes

Originally harvested from the study The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives (.pdf) by the w:European Parliamentary Research Service, published on the w:Europa (web portal) in March 2020.

• INSTITUTE FOR ETHICS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE at ieai.mcts.tum.de received initial funding from w:Facebook in 2019. IEAI on LinkedIn.com

• The Institute for Ethical AI & Machine Learning at ethical.institute(contact form asks a lot of questions) The Institute for Ethical AI & Machine Learning on LinkedIn.com

• The Institute for Ethical AI in Education at buckingham.ac.uk

• Future of Life Institute at futureoflife.org (contact form with also mailing list) received funding from private donors. See w:Future of Life Institute for more info.

• The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence (JSAI) at ai-gakkai.or.jp Publication: Ethical guidelines.

• AI4All at ai-4-all.org (contact form with also mailing list subscription) funded by w:Google AI4All on LinkedIn.com

• The Future Society at thefuturesociety.org (contact form with also mailing list subscription). Their activities include policy research, educational & leadership development programs, advisory services, seminars & summits and other special projects to advance the responsible adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and other emerging technologies. The Future Society on LinkedIn.com

• The Ai Now Institute at ainowinstitute.org (contact form and possibility to subscribe to mailing list) at w:New York University. Their work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. The Ai Now Institute on LinkedIn.com

• Partnership on AI at partnershiponai.org (contact form) is based in the USA and funded by technology companies. They provide resources and have a vast amount and high caliber of partners. See w:Partnership on AI and Partnership on AI on LinkedIn.com for more info.

• The Foundation for Responsible Robotics at responsiblerobotics.org (contact form) is based in w:Netherlands. The Foundation for Responsible Robotics on LinkedIn.com

• AI4People at ai4people.eu (contact form) is based in w:Belgium is a multi-stakeholder forum. AI4People on LinkedIn.com

• The Ethics and Governance of Artificial Intelligence Initiative at aiethicsinitiative.org is a joint project of the MIT Media Lab and the Harvard Berkman-Klein Center for Internet and Society and is based in the USA.

• Saidot at saidot.ai is a Finnish company offering a platform for AI transparency, explainability and communication. Saidot on LinkedIn.com

• euRobotics at eu-robotics.net is funded by the w:European Commission.

• Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation at gov.uk, part of Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport is financed by the UK govt. Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation Blog at cdei.blog.gov.uk Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation on LinkedIn.com

• ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence at sigai.acm.org is a w:Special Interest Group on AI by ACM. 'AI Matters: A Newsletter of ACM SIGAI -blog at sigai.acm.org and the newsletter that the blog gets its contents from

• IEEE Ethics in Action - in Autonomous and Intelligent Systems at ethicsinaction.ieee.org (mailing list subscription on website)

• The Center for Countering Digital Hate at counterhate.com (subscribe to mailing list on website is an international not-for-profit NGO that seeks to disrupt the architecture of online hate and misinformation with offices in London and Washington DC.

• Partnership for Countering Influence Operations (PCIO) at carnegieendowment.org (contact form) is a partnership by the w:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

• UN Global Pulse at unglobalpulse.org is w:United Nations Secretary-General’s initiative on big data and artificial intelligence for development, humanitarian action, and peace.
• humane-ai.eu by Knowledge 4 All Foundation Ltd. at k4all.org

Other essential developments

• The Montréal Declaration for a Responsible Development of Artificial Intelligence at montrealdeclaration-responsibleai.com and the same site in French La Déclaration de Montéal IA responsable at declarationmontreal-iaresponsable.com
• UNI Global Union at uniglobalunion.org is based in w:Nyon, w:Switzerland and deals mainly with labor issues to do with AI and robotics. UNI Global Union on LinkedIn.com
• European Robotics Research Network at cordis.europa.eu funded by the w:European Commission.
• European Robotics Platform at eu-robotics.net is funded by the w:European Commission. See w:European Robotics Platform and w:List of European Union robotics projects#EUROP for more info.

Events against synthetic human-like fakes

• UPCOMING 2022 | w:European Conference on Computer Vision in Tel Aviv, Israel

• UPCOMING 2021 | w:Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems NeurIPS 2021 at neurips.cc, virtual in December 2021.

• 2020 - ONGOING | w:National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (nist.gov) (contacting NIST) | Open Media Forensics Challenge presented in Open Media Forensics Challenge at nist.gov and Open Media Forensics Challenge (OpenMFC) at mfc.nist.gov - Open Media Forensics Challenge Evaluation (OpenMFC) is an open evaluation series organized by the NIST to assess and measure the capability of media forensic algorithms and systems.

• 2021 | w:Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) 2021 CVPR 2021 at cvpr2021.thecvf.com
  • CVPR 2021 research areas visualization by Joshua Preston at public.tableau.com
  • 2021 'Workshop on Media Forensics' in CVPR 2021 at sites.google.com, a June 2021 workshop at the Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

• 2020 | CVPR 2020 | 2020 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition: 'Workshop on Media Forensics' at sites.google.com, a June 2020 workshop at the Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

• 2020 | The winners of the Deepfake Detection Challenge reach 82% accuracy in detecting synthetic human-like fakes

• 2019 | At the annual Finnish w:Ministry of Defence's Scientific Advisory Board for Defence (MATINE) public research seminar, a research group presented their work 'Synteettisen median tunnistus'' at defmin.fi (Recognizing synthetic media). They developed on earlier work on how to automatically detect synthetic human-like fakes and their work was funded with a grant from MATINE.

• 2019 | w:NeurIPS 2019 | w:Facebook, Inc. "Facebook AI Launches Its Deepfake Detection Challenge" at spectrum.ieee.org w:IEEE Spectrum. More reporting at "Facebook, Microsoft, and others launch Deepfake Detection Challenge" at venturebeat.com

• 2019 | CVPR 2019 | 2019 CVPR: 'Workshop on Media Forensics'

• 2017-2020 | NIST | NIST: 'Media Forensics Challenge' (MFC) at nist.gov, an iterative research challenge by the w:National Institute of Standards and Technology the evaluation criteria for the 2019 iteration are being formed. Succeeded by the Open Media Forensics Challenge.

• 2018 | w:European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV) ECCV 2018: 'Workshop on Objectionable Content and Misinformation' at sites.google.com, a workshop at the 2018 w:European Conference on Computer Vision in w:Munich had focus on objectionable content detection e.g. w:nudity, w:pornography, w:violence, w:hate, w:children exploitation and w:terrorism among others and to address misinformation problems when people are fed w:disinformation and they punt it on as misinformation. Announced topics included w:image/video forensics, w:detection/w:analysis/w:understanding of w:fake images/videos, w:misinformation detection/understanding: mono-modal and w:multi-modal, adversarial technologies and detection/understanding of objectionable content

• 2018 | NIST NIST 'Media Forensics Challenge 2018' at nist.gov was the second annual evaluation to support research and help advance the state of the art for image and video forensics technologies – technologies that determine the region and type of manipulations in imagery (image/video data) and the phylogenic process that modified the imagery.

• 2017 | NIST NIST 'Nimble Challenge 2017' at nist.gov

• 2016 | Nimble Challenge 2016 - NIST released the Nimble Challenge’16 (NC2016) dataset as the MFC program kickoff dataset, (where NC is the former name of MFC).

Studies against synthetic human-like fakes

• 'Disinformation That Kills: The Expanding Battlefield Of Digital Warfare' at cbinsights.com, a 2020-10-21 research brief on disinformation warfare by w:CB Insights, a private company that provides w:market intelligence and w:business analytics services

• 'Media Forensics and DeepFakes: an overview' at arXiv.org (as .pdf at arXiv.org), an overview on the subject of digital look-alikes and media forensics published in August 2020 in Volume 14 Issue 5 of IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing. 'Media Forensics and DeepFakes: An Overview' at ieeexplore.ieee.org (paywalled, free abstract)

• 'DEEPFAKES: False pornography is here and the law cannot protect you' at scholarship.law.duke.edu by Douglas Harris, published in Duke Law & Technology Review - Volume 17 on 2019-01-05 by w:Duke University w:Duke University School of Law

Search for more

• w:Law review
  • w:List of law reviews in the United States

Reporting against synthetic human-like fakes

• 'Researchers use facial quirks to unmask ‘deepfakes’' at news.berkeley.edu 2019-06-18 reporting by Kara Manke published in Politics & society, Research, Technology & engineering-section in Berkley News of w:UC Berkeley.

Companies against synthetic human-like fakes

See resources for more.

• Cyabra.com is an AI-based system that helps organizations be on the guard against disinformation attacks. Reuters.com reporting from July 2020.

SSF! wiki proposed countermeasure to weaponized synthetic pornography: Outlaw unauthorized synthetic pornography (transcluded)

Transcluded from Juho's proposal for banning unauthorized synthetic pornography

§1 Models of human appearance

A model of human appearance means

• A realistic 3D model
• A 7D bidirectional reflectance distribution function model
• A direct-to-2D capable w:machine learning model
• Or a model made with any technology whatsoever, that looks deceivingly like the target person.

§2 Producing synthetic pornography

Making projections, still or videographic, where targets are portrayed in a nude or in a sexual situation from models of human appearance defined in §1 without express consent of the targets is illegal.

§3 Distributing synthetic pornography

Distributing, making available, public display, purchase, sale, yielding, import and export of non-authorized synthetic pornography defined in §2 are punishable.

§4 Aggravated producing and distributing synthetic pornography

If the media described in §2 or §3 is made or distributed with the intent to frame for a crime or for blackmail, the crime should be judged as aggravated.

Afterwords

The original idea I had was to ban both the raw materials i.e. the models to make the visual synthetic filth and also the end product weaponized synthetic pornography, but then in July 2019 it appeared to me that Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept) could really help in this age of industrial disinformation if it were built, trained and operational. Banning modeling of human appearance was in conflict with the revised plan.

It is safe to assume that collecting permissions to model each pornographic recording is not plausible, so an interesting question is that can we ban covert modeling from non-pornographic pictures, while still retaining the ability to model all porn found on the Internet.

In case we want to pursue banning modeling people's appearance from non-pornographic images/videos without explicit permission be pursued it must be formulated so that this does not make Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept) illegal / impossible. This would seem to lead to a weird situation where modeling a human from non-pornographic media would be illegal, but modeling from pornography legal.

SSF! wiki proposed countermeasure to weaponized synthetic porn pornography: Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept) (transcluded)

Transcluded main contents from Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)

Adequate Porn Watcher AI (APW_AI) is an w:AI and w:computer vision concept to search for any and all porn that should not be by watching and modeling all porn ever found on the w:Internet thus effectively protecting humans by exposing covert naked digital look-alike attacks and also other contraband.

Obs. #A service identical to APW_AI used to exist - FacePinPoint.com

The method and the effect

The method by which APW_AI would be providing safety and security to its users, is that they can briefly upload a model they've gotten of themselves and then the APW_AI will either say nothing matching found or it will be of the opinion that something matching found.

If people are able to check whether there is synthetic porn that looks like themselves, this causes synthetic hate-illustration industrialists' product lose destructive potential and the attacks that happen are less destructive as they are exposed by the APW_AI and thus decimate the monetary value of these disinformation weapons to the criminals.

If you feel comfortable to leave your model with the good people at the benefactor for safekeeping you get alerted and help if you ever get attacked with a synthetic porn attack.

Rules

Looking up if matches are found for anyone else's model is forbidden and this should probably be enforced with a facial w:biometric w:facial recognition system app that checks that the model you want checked is yours and that you are awake.

Definition of adequacy

An adequate implementation should be nearly free of false positives, very good at finding true positives and able to process more porn than is ever uploaded.

What about the people in the porn-industry?

People who openly do porn can help by opting-in to help in the development by providing training material and material to test the AI on. People and companies who help in training the AI naturally get credited for their help.

There are of course lots of people-questions to this and those questions need to be identified by professionals of psychology and social sciences.

History

The idea of APW_AI occurred to User:Juho Kunsola on Friday 2019-07-12. Subsequently (the next day) this discovery caused the scrapping of the plea to ban convert modeling of human appearance as that would have rendered APW_AI legally impossible.

Countermeasures elsewhere

Partial transclusion from Organizations, studies and events against synthetic human-like fakes

A service identical to APW_AI used to exist - FacePinPoint.com

Partial transclusion from FacePinPoint.com

FacePinPoint.com was a for-a-fee service from 2017 to 2021 for pointing out where in pornography sites a particular face appears, or in the case of synthetic pornography, a digital look-alike makes make-believe of a face or body appearing.The inventor and founder of FacePinPoint.com, Mr. Lionel Hagege registered the domain name in 2015, when he set out to research the feasibility of his action plan idea against non-consensual pornography. The description of how FacePinPoint.com worked is the same as Adequate Porn Watcher AI (concept)'s description.

SSF! wiki proposed countermeasure to digital sound-alikes: Outlawing digital sound-alikes (transcluded)

Transcluded from Juho's proposal on banning digital sound-alikes

Video 'This AI Clones Your Voice After Listening for 5 Seconds' by '2 minute papers' at YouTube describes the voice thieving machine by Google Research in w:NeurIPS 2018.

Motivation: The current situation where the criminals can freely trade and grow their libraries of stolen voices is unwise.

§1 Unauthorized modeling of a human voice

Acquiring such a model of a human's voice, that deceptively resembles some dead or living person's voice and the possession, purchase, sale, yielding, import and export without the express consent of the target are punishable.

§2 Application of unauthorized voice models

Producing and making available media from covert voice models defined in §1 is punishable.

§3 Aggravated application of unauthorized voice models

If the produced media is for a purpose to

• frame a human target or targets for crimes
• to attempt extortion or
• to defame the target,

the crime should be judged as aggravated.

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