Glossary: Difference between revisions

{{Q|A '''burqa''', also known as '''chadri''' or [[w:paranja|paranja]] in [[w:Central Asia|Central Asia]], is an enveloping outer garment worn by women in some Islamic traditions to cover themselves in public, which covers the body and the face.|Wikipedia|[[w:burqa|burqa]]s}}

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{{Q|'''Deepfake''' (a [[w:portmanteau|portmanteau]] of "[[w:deep learning|deep learning]]" and "fake") is a technique for [[w:human image synthesis|human image synthesis]] based on [[w:artificial intelligence|artificial intelligence]]. It is used to combine and [[w:Superimposition|superimpose]] existing images and videos onto source images or videos using a machine learning technique called a "[[w:generative adversarial network|generative adversarial network]]" (GAN).|Wikipedia|[[w:Deepfake|Deepfake]]s}}

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* [https://www.darpa.mil/program/semantic-forensics '''DARPA program: 'Semantic Forensics (SemaFor)''' at darpa.mil] since 2019

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{{Q|A '''generative adversarial network''' ('''GAN''') is a class of [[w:machine learnin|g]] systems. Two [[w:neural network|neural network]]s contest with each other in a [[w:zero-sum game|zero-sum game]] framework. This technique can generate photographs that look at least superficially authentic to human observers,<ref name="GANs">{{cite arXiv |eprint=1406.2661|title=Generative Adversarial Networks|first1=Ian |last1=Goodfellow |first2=Jean |last2=Pouget-Abadie |first3=Mehdi |last3=Mirza |first4=Bing |last4=Xu |first5=David |last5=Warde-Farley |first6=Sherjil |last6=Ozair |first7=Aaron |last7=Courville |first8=Yoshua |last8=Bengio |class=cs.LG |year=2014 }}</ref> having many realistic characteristics. It is a form of [[w:unsupervised learning|unsupervised learning]]]].<ref name="ITT_GANs">{{cite arXiv |eprint=1606.03498|title=Improved Techniques for Training GANs|last1=Salimans |first1=Tim |last2=Goodfellow |first2=Ian |last3=Zaremba |first3=Wojciech |last4=Cheung |first4=Vicki |last5=Radford |first5=Alec |last6=Chen |first6=Xi |class=cs.LG |year=2016 }}</ref>|Wikipedia|[[w:generative adversarial network|generative adversarial networks]]}}

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= Human image synthesis =

{{Q|'''Human image synthesis''' can be applied to make believable and even [[w:photorealism|photorealistic]] of human-likenesses, moving or still. This has effectively been the situation since the early [[w:2000s (decade)|2000s]]. Many films using [[w:computer generated imagery|computer generated imagery]] have featured synthetic images of human-like characters [[w:digital compositing|digitally composited]] onto the real or other simulated film material.|Wikipedia|[[w:Human image synthesis|Human image syntheses]]}}

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[[File:Institute for Creative Technologies (logo).jpg|thumb|right|156px|Logo of the '''[[w:Institute for Creative Technologies|Institute for Creative Technologies]]''']]

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{{Q|A '''light stage''' or '''light cage''' is equipment used for [[w:3D modeling|shape]], [[w:texture mapping|texture]], reflectance and [[w:motion capture|motion capture]] often with [[w:structured light|structured light]] and a [[w:multi-camera setup|multi-camera setup]].|Wikipedia|[[w:light stage|light stage]]s}}

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'''MATINE''' ([[w:fi:MATINE]]) is the [https://www.defmin.fi/en/frontpage/overview/ministry_of_defence/departments_and_units/defence_policy_department/scientific_advisory_board_for_defence_%28matine%29#d779859d '''Scientific Advisory Board for Defence'''] of the [[w:Ministry of Defence (Finland)|w:Ministry of Defence of Finland]]. MATINE is an abbreviation of '''''MA'''anpuolustuksen '''TI'''eteellinen '''NE'''uvottelukunta'' and it arranges an annual public research seminar. In 2019 a research group funded by MATINE presented their work [https://www.defmin.fi/files/4755/1315MATINE_seminaari_21.11.pdf 'Synteettisen median tunnistus' at defmin.fi] (Recognizing synthetic media).

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{{Q|A '''niqab''' or '''niqāb''' ("[face] veil"; also called a '''ruband''') is a garment of clothing that covers the face, worn by some [[w:muslim women|muslim women]] as a part of a particular interpretation of [[w:hijab|hijab]] (modest dress).|Wikipedia|[[w:Niqāb|Niqābs]]}}

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'''[[w:Spectrogram]]s''' are used extensively in the fields of [[w:music]], [[w:linguistics]], [[w:sonar]], [[w:radar]], [[w:speech processing]], [[w:seismology]], and others. Spectrograms of audio can be used to identify spoken words [[w:phonetics|phonetic]]ally, and to analyse the [[w:Animal communication|various calls of animals]]. (Wikipedia)

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{{Q|'''Transfer learning (TL)''' is a research problem in [[w:machine learning|machine learning]] (ML) that focuses on storing knowledge gained while solving one problem and applying it to a different but related problem.|Wikipedia|[[w:Transfer learning|Transfer learning]]}}

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Please see '''[[Resources#List of voice changers]]''' for some alternatives.

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